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River monitor

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599: 117: 160: 737: 519: 435: 40: 100:, which could operate in coastal or certain riparian/estuarine situations, bore extra-thick armor plating and heavy shore-bombardment guns, up to a massive 18 inches (457 mm) in size. Typically, however, river monitors displayed a mixture of gun sizes from 3-inch (75 mm) to 6-inch (152 mm), plus 183:
The Vietnam monitors were divided into two programs; program 4 would consist of the 40 mm gun monitors, while the later program 5 would entail the eight Monitor (H) Howitzer versions, and the six Monitor (F) Flamethrower models. All of the monitors were converted from
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as part of their River Assault Flotilla One, which initially consisted of four River Assault Divisions (RAD); with RAD 91 containing three monitors, RAD 92 having two monitors, RAD 111 having three monitors, and RAD 112 operating two monitors.
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within a T172 turret, and six monitors which mounted two M10-8 flamethrowers from two M8 turrets located on either side of the vessel's 40 mm cannon. Referred to as "river battleships" by their crews, they provided the firepower of the
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were the largest river monitors on the Danube, displacing 680 tons, armed mainly with three 120 mm guns and protected by at least 70 mm of armor around the belt, turrets and conning tower. They were built in sections at
1193: 583:, contributing to the stemming of the enemy advance. During the Interwar period, the Romanian Danube Flotilla was the most powerful riverine fleet in the world. In 1924, the Romanian river monitors helped suppress the 1186: 1179: 134: 1108: 417:, in conjunction with other riverine craft, commissioned 24 monitors, ten of which mounted a single 40 mm cannon in a Mk 52 turret, eight which mounted an M49 105 mm 390:
captured some of these ships in 1918. They were up to 1,000 tons displacement, armed with 130 mm guns. Some of these Russian monitors, such as the recommissioned
511:. She was refloated but her repairs were not completed before the War ended, and she was eventually handed over to Romania as war reparation, being renamed 785: 592: 83:
which was necessary for them to be able to operate in enclosed waters; but their displacement, size and draft varied depending on where they were used.
1228: 610: 494:, was also heavily damaged by Romanian artillery, taking 12 hits and ran aground after her steam lines were severed. On 22 September 1917, the 86:
Most river monitors were lightly armored although this varied, with some carrying more armor. Exceptional examples, however, most notably the
1218: 1143: 1789: 1223: 795: 800: 790: 2128: 1158: 1100: 917: 1994: 552: 623:. She was extensively rebuilt in 1943 and her armament was also modified in February 1945. She supported German troops during 1300: 714: 218:(15.7 km/h; 9.8 mph) and were manned by usually 11 or more crewmen. They usually carried about ten tons of armor. 588: 598: 767:
and is currently the world's oldest commissioned warship still in active service. She is assigned to the Brazilian navy's
750: 741: 72:, which were particularly useful in rivers, whose narrow channels could severely limit the directions vessels could face. 1686: 687: 399: 308: 1969: 1815: 2016: 1398: 874: 624: 580: 571:
in 1907–1908. They did not engage enemy ships, however, instead they were used to support ground forces during the
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On 18 December 1965, the US Navy, for the second time in one hundred years, authorized the reactivation of a
1779: 1585: 1295: 631: 576: 587:, along with the entire Romanian Danube Flotilla. In late 1980s and 1990s Romania commissioned newly built 1774: 1661: 1625: 1620: 1446: 1350: 671: 651: 387: 371: 159: 630:
Yugoslav river monitors were former Austro-Hungarian warships received as reparations. They were renamed
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In terms of operational and active ships doing military work, perhaps only the Russian salvage ship
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that would be armed with relatively small caliber cannons, or a mix of cannons and machine guns.
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Magazine, 1967; Charles Kramer of Zik Assoc., Ltd. cutaway view of Vietnam "River Battleship".
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Michael B. Barrett, Prelude to Blitzkrieg: The 1916 Austro-German Campaign in Romania, p. 140
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are military craft designed to patrol rivers. They are normally the largest of all riverine
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in river flotillas, and mount the heaviest weapons. The name originated from the US Navy's
2001: 1931: 1856: 1754: 1488: 1468: 1436: 1393: 1360: 1305: 1250: 564: 459: 76: 662: 490: 1871: 1866: 1851: 1721: 1483: 1320: 756: 736: 152:. In July 1966, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara authorized the formation of a 2145: 2107: 2067: 2052: 2006: 1916: 1901: 1759: 1701: 1696: 1600: 1478: 1463: 1451: 1441: 1330: 1310: 698: 211: 105: 31: 141:. The American Civil War river monitors were very large, weighing up to 1,300 tons. 2062: 2047: 1886: 1881: 1820: 1764: 1731: 1564: 1559: 1365: 702: 193: 185: 80: 2097: 1936: 1835: 1711: 1666: 1554: 1403: 1388: 768: 533: 518: 473: 455: 434: 410: 406:
from 1940s, with 2,400 ton full displacement and limited seagoing capabilities.
395: 215: 149: 101: 58: 615:, of about 200 tons displacement. She was however classified as a patrol boat ( 2082: 1891: 1825: 1375: 1275: 1202: 724:
Hungary also used river monitors, five of them notably taking part during the
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Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945
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S.V. Patianin (2009). "Korabli Vtoroi mirovoi voiny. VMF SSSR 1941-1945 gg".
1956: 1830: 1645: 1539: 1519: 1101:"One of the World's Oldest Military Ships Is Sailing Down a River in Brazil" 39: 508: 2072: 1805: 1676: 1315: 1270: 910:
Soviet Operational and Tactical Combat in Manchuria, 1945: 'August Storm'
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rivers, along with Soviet riverine ships. The Soviet Union also had five
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feet (1.1 m), had two screws driven by two Gray Marine model 64NH9
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such as rivers, estuaries, deltas and lakes. Usually they had a shallow
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This article is about the military boat type. Not to be confused with
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2 Gray Marine 64HN9 diesels; 160 kW (220 hp) at 2100 rpm
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in October 1916, when she was damaged. Another river monitor,
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Six smaller monitors (70–100 ton displacement) were used by
402:. The most powerful and largest riverine vessels were three 705:, they were used in 1941 by the Soviets on the Pripyat and 1084:
Jarosław Malinowski (2006). "Rumuńska Flotylla Dunajska".
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and later fought in Austria, sinking two Soviet gunboats.
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Monitor Specifications, U.S. Navy Mobile Riverine Force,
156:(MRF); a force that would bring back the river monitor. 899:
See Warships of World War II. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
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Mark Axworthy, Cornel I. Scafeș, Cristian Crăciunoiu,
446:), the largest Danube warship sunk during World War I 1151:
U.S. Small Combatants: An Illustrated Design History
1088:(in Polish). Vol. 2/2006 (76). Tarnowskie Góry. 591:(classified as large armoured boats), and three big 2116: 2035: 1955: 1844: 1798: 1740: 1654: 1573: 1502: 1422: 1374: 1286: 713:-class monitors of 263 tons, which served with the 933:(in Russian). No. 3(24)/2009. pp. 54–56. 536:. She is now a floating museum anchored along the 224:US Navy Brown Water Navy River Monitors (Vietnam) 68:, and being distinguished by the use of revolving 605:, the flagship of the Czechoslovak River Flotilla 1024:Conway's All the World Fighting Ships 1906–1921 1187: 8: 1153:, 1987; Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 1194: 1180: 1172: 786:List of monitors of the United States Navy 27:Military warship designed to patrol rivers 763:on 9 March 1938. She participated in the 64:, which made her first appearance in the 1061:Spencer Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts, 1011:Austro-Hungarian Warships of World War I 985:Austro-Hungarian warships of World War I 593:Mihail Kogălniceanu-class river monitors 220: 104:. This type of vessel overlaps with the 811: 686:were commissioned by the newly created 454:, river monitors were employed during 466:. The Austro-Hungarian river monitor 7: 1111:from the original on 9 November 2020 796:List of monitors of the Swedish Navy 129:River monitors were used during the 1063:World War I: Encyclopedia, Volume 1 801:List of monitors of the Netherlands 438:Austro-Hungarian river monitor SMS 248:18.4 m (60 ft 6 in) 245:18.6 m (61 ft 0 in) 133:, playing an important role in the 1138:, 2007; Brown Water Enterprises. 791:List of monitors of the Royal Navy 595:, used still in the 21st century. 256:5.3 m (17 ft 6 in) 137:. They also played a role in the 25: 1099:Beckhusen, Robert (25 May 2018). 551:During World War I, the Romanian 507:was sunk by a Romanian mine near 264:1.1 m (3 ft 6 in) 1035:Roger Kafka, Roy L. Pepperburg, 609:Czechoslovakia had one monitor, 120:The Civil War era river monitor 1164:Kramer, Charles (Illustrator), 740:Brazilian Navy's river monitor 480:, and later also fought in the 1301:Anti-submarine warfare carrier 1: 1219:Naval ship classes in service 382:-class river monitors of the 237:Generation-Two Type/Howitzer 1687:Harbour defence motor launch 749:The Brazilian river monitor 688:Independent State of Croatia 589:Smârdan-class river monitors 579:, and also took part in the 400:Soviet invasion of Manchuria 283: 275: 267: 259: 251: 240: 75:River monitors were used on 1970:Ballistic missile submarine 1816:Mine countermeasures vessel 532:) fired the first shots of 394:, were still in use by the 322:4 7.62 mm machine guns 280:8.5 knots (15.7 km/h) 148:for riparian operations in 135:Mississippi River Campaigns 2188: 2017:Submarine aircraft carrier 1399:Pre-dreadnought battleship 1209:in 19th and 20th centuries 875:"Monitor - Specifications" 755:was built for the navy in 625:Operation Spring Awakening 357:1 7.62 mm machine gun 342: 332:2 200m range flamethrowers 326: 295: 234:Generation-Two Type/Flame 29: 1912:General stores issue ship 1581:Amphibious transport dock 1356:Merchant aircraft carrier 1346:Interdiction Assault Ship 1214: 1107:. Bright Mountain Media. 472:fired the first shots of 287: 279: 271: 263: 255: 247: 223: 188:56-foot (17 m) long 175:The US Navy operated its 1990:Deep-submergence vehicle 1980:Cruise missile submarine 1907:Fast combat support ship 1550:Guided-missile destroyer 1408:Standard-type battleship 301:1 40 mm auto-cannon 190:Landing Craft Mechanized 1586:Amphibious warfare ship 1296:Amphibious assault ship 1048:Frederick Thomas Jane, 972:Gunboats of World War I 577:First Battle of Cobadin 354:2 .50 cal. machine guns 351:3 M79 grenade launchers 338:2 .50 cal. machine guns 335:3 M79 grenade launchers 319:2 .50 cal. machine guns 309:Mk 18 grenade launchers 1662:Armed boarding steamer 1626:Landing Ship Logistics 1621:Landing ship, infantry 1447:Guided missile cruiser 1351:Light aircraft carrier 952:Carrico, p. 20, 21, 63 746: 606: 548: 476:, against the city of 447: 388:Imperial Japanese Navy 386:from around 1907; the 372:Amur Military Flotilla 345:1 105 mm howitzer 172: 126: 47: 1862:Auxiliary repair dock 1811:Destroyer minesweeper 1707:Ocean boarding vessel 1611:Landing Craft Support 1606:Landing craft carrier 1326:Fighter catapult ship 1050:Jane's Fighting Ships 1037:Warships of the World 912:. Routledge, p. 222. 908:Glantz, David (2004) 739: 601: 521: 484:, notably during the 437: 404:Khasan-class monitors 384:Imperial Russian Navy 370:On Asian rivers, the 315:M79 grenade launchers 165:Mobile Riverine Force 162: 154:Mobile Riverine Force 119: 42: 2088:Littoral combat ship 1641:Landing Ship Vehicle 1384:Coastal defence ship 585:Tatarbunary Uprising 348:2 20 mm cannons 329:2 20 mm cannons 231:Generation-One Type 139:Battle of Mobile Bay 1942:Replenishment oiler 1845:Command and support 1631:Landing Ship Medium 1494:Unprotected cruiser 1336:Flight deck cruiser 697:in 1939 on shallow 573:Battle of Turtucaia 304:1 20 mm cannon 298:1 81 mm mortar 2058:Breastwork monitor 1922:Joint support ship 1877:Combat stores ship 1672:Coastal motor boat 1636:Landing Ship, Tank 1616:Landing Ship Heavy 1515:Convoy rescue ship 1341:Helicopter carrier 1149:Friedman, Norman, 1134:Carrico, John M., 931:Morskaya Kampaniya 854:Carrico, p. 16, 17 747: 701:. Captured by the 672:fall of Yugoslavia 607: 549: 522:The river monitor 486:Flămânda Offensive 448: 415:United States Navy 173: 171:in the Vietnam War 131:American Civil War 127: 66:American Civil War 48: 2139: 2138: 2043:Armed merchantman 1985:Cruiser submarine 1975:Coastal submarine 1742:Fast attack craft 1596:Dock landing ship 1474:Protected cruiser 1457:Pocket battleship 1414:Treaty battleship 1404:Super-dreadnought 1288:Aircraft carriers 1236:Operational zones 1166:Popular Mechanics 1144:978-0-9794231-0-9 1136:Vietnam Ironclads 1022:Robert Gardiner, 721:in World War II. 612:President Masaryk 603:President Masaryk 482:Romanian Campaign 363: 362: 16:(Redirected from 2179: 2157:Riverine warfare 2078:Floating battery 2012:Midget submarine 1965:Attack submarine 1947:Submarine tender 1897:Destroyer tender 1727:Submarine chaser 1591:Attack transport 1535:Escort destroyer 1530:Destroyer leader 1525:Destroyer escort 1432:Aircraft cruiser 1246:Green-water navy 1241:Brown-water navy 1196: 1189: 1182: 1173: 1128: 1127: 1118: 1116: 1096: 1090: 1089: 1081: 1075: 1074:Axworthy, p. 327 1072: 1066: 1059: 1053: 1046: 1040: 1033: 1027: 1020: 1014: 1007: 1001: 994: 988: 981: 975: 968: 962: 959: 953: 950: 944: 941: 935: 934: 926: 920: 906: 900: 897: 891: 890: 888: 886: 877:. Archived from 870: 864: 861: 855: 852: 846: 843: 837: 834: 828: 825: 819: 816: 765:Second World War 726:Kozara Offensive 719:Dnieper Flotilla 442:(later Romanian 424:brown-water navy 221: 209: 208: 204: 201: 146:brown-water navy 77:inland waterways 21: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2180: 2178: 2177: 2176: 2142: 2141: 2140: 2135: 2129:Sailing vessels 2112: 2031: 2002:Fleet submarine 1951: 1932:Net laying ship 1857:Ammunition ship 1840: 1794: 1736: 1650: 1569: 1498: 1489:Torpedo cruiser 1469:Merchant raider 1437:Armored cruiser 1418: 1394:Fast battleship 1370: 1361:Seaplane tender 1306:Balloon carrier 1282: 1266:Central battery 1251:Blue-water navy 1210: 1200: 1131: 1114: 1112: 1105:warisboring.com 1098: 1097: 1093: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1060: 1056: 1047: 1043: 1034: 1030: 1021: 1017: 1008: 1004: 995: 991: 982: 978: 970:Angus Konstam, 969: 965: 960: 956: 951: 947: 942: 938: 928: 927: 923: 907: 903: 898: 894: 884: 882: 881:on 16 July 2010 873: 871: 867: 862: 858: 853: 849: 844: 840: 835: 831: 826: 822: 817: 813: 809: 777: 734: 715:Danube Flotilla 674:in April 1941, 569:Galați shipyard 565:Austria-Hungary 460:Austria-Hungary 432: 368: 214:, could do 8.5 206: 202: 199: 197: 114: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2185: 2183: 2175: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2144: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2134: 2133: 2132: 2131: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1961: 1959: 1953: 1952: 1950: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1867:Auxiliary ship 1864: 1859: 1854: 1852:Amenities ship 1848: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1839: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1746: 1744: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1722:Steam gun boat 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 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836:Carrico, p. 12 829: 820: 818:Carrico, p. 11 810: 808: 805: 804: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 776: 773: 757:Rio de Janeiro 733: 730: 501:river monitor 431: 428: 367: 364: 361: 360: 359: 358: 355: 352: 349: 346: 341: 340: 339: 336: 333: 330: 325: 324: 323: 320: 317: 311: 305: 302: 299: 294: 290: 289: 286: 282: 281: 278: 274: 273: 270: 266: 265: 262: 258: 257: 254: 250: 249: 246: 243: 239: 238: 235: 232: 229: 226: 225: 212:diesel engines 167:monitor using 113: 110: 51:River monitors 26: 24: 18:River monitors 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2184: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2109: 2108:Training ship 2106: 2104: 2103:River monitor 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2068:Drone carrier 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2053:Barracks ship 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2036:Miscellaneous 2034: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 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After the 669: 665: 664: 659: 655: 654: 649: 645: 644: 639: 635: 634: 628: 626: 622: 618: 614: 613: 604: 600: 596: 594: 590: 586: 582: 581:1917 campaign 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 557: 555: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 526: 520: 516: 514: 510: 506: 505: 500: 498: 493: 492: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 470: 465: 461: 457: 453: 445: 441: 436: 429: 427: 425: 420: 416: 412: 407: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 365: 356: 353: 350: 347: 344: 343: 337: 334: 331: 328: 327: 321: 318: 316: 312: 310: 306: 303: 300: 297: 296: 292: 291: 284: 276: 268: 260: 252: 244: 241: 236: 233: 230: 228: 227: 222: 219: 217: 213: 195: 191: 187: 181: 178: 170: 166: 161: 157: 155: 151: 150:South Vietnam 147: 142: 140: 136: 132: 125: 124: 118: 112:United States 111: 109: 107: 106:river gunboat 103: 99: 96: 94: 89: 84: 82: 78: 73: 71: 67: 63: 62: 56: 52: 46: 43:Model of USS 41: 37: 33: 32:Water monitor 19: 2102: 2063:Capital ship 2048:Arsenal ship 1887:Crane vessel 1882:Command ship 1821:Mine planter 1799:Mine warfare 1765:Missile boat 1732:Torpedo boat 1692:Motor launch 1655:Patrol craft 1560:Radar picket 1366:Supercarrier 1165: 1150: 1135: 1122: 1120: 1113:. Retrieved 1104: 1094: 1085: 1079: 1070: 1062: 1057: 1049: 1044: 1036: 1031: 1023: 1018: 1010: 1005: 997: 992: 984: 979: 971: 966: 957: 948: 939: 930: 924: 904: 895: 883:. Retrieved 879:the original 868: 859: 850: 841: 832: 823: 814: 761:commissioned 751: 748: 742: 723: 711:Zheleznyakov 710: 703:Soviet Union 692: 683: 679: 675: 667: 661: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 629: 620: 617:hlídková loď 616: 611: 608: 602: 553: 550: 529: 523: 512: 502: 496: 489: 467: 449: 443: 439: 408: 398:in the 1945 391: 379: 369: 186:World War II 182: 174: 143: 128: 122: 102:machine guns 92: 85: 74: 60: 50: 49: 44: 36: 2098:Mother ship 1937:Repair ship 1836:Minesweeper 1712:Patrol boat 1667:Armed yacht 1389:Dreadnought 1376:Battleships 1203:Naval ships 1125:is older... 769:Mato Grosso 534:World War I 474:World War I 456:World War I 411:Vietnam War 409:During the 396:Soviet Navy 378:used large 70:gun turrets 2152:Ship types 2146:Categories 2124:Ship types 2083:Guard ship 1957:Submarines 1892:Depot ship 1826:Minehunter 885:25 January 807:References 771:Flotilla. 621:Bechelaren 528:(formerly 93:Lord Clive 88:Royal Navy 1831:Minelayer 1646:Troopship 1574:Transport 1540:Escorteur 1520:Destroyer 1261:Broadside 1229:auxiliary 1224:submarine 728:in 1942. 678:(renamed 540:river in 513:Basarabia 444:Basarabia 293:Armament 59:USS  2172:Gunboats 2167:Warships 2162:Monitors 2073:Flagship 1806:Danlayer 1677:Corvette 1555:Kaibōkan 1424:Cruisers 1316:CAM ship 1271:Casemate 1207:warships 1109:Archived 1065:, p. 999 1052:, p. 343 1039:, p. 881 1026:, p. 422 1013:, p. 142 1000:, p. 327 987:, p. 142 775:See also 752:Parnaíba 743:Parnaíba 575:and the 554:Brătianu 542:Belgrade 478:Belgrade 419:howitzer 392:Sverdlov 269:Engines 177:Monitors 98:monitors 55:warships 2117:Related 2093:Monitor 2027:Wet sub 1872:Collier 1790:Shin'yō 1785:PT boat 1682:Gunboat 1545:Frigate 1276:Turrets 1123:Kommuna 974:, p. 29 781:Gunboat 464:Romania 450:On the 374:on the 242:Length 205:⁄ 61:Monitor 45:Monitor 2022:U-boat 1750:E-boat 1717:Q-ship 1503:Escort 1157:  1142:  1115:26 May 916:  695:Poland 682:) and 676:Morava 663:Morava 660:) and 648:Bodrog 633:Vardar 561:Triest 546:Serbia 530:Bodrog 509:Brăila 499:-class 469:Bodrog 452:Danube 430:Europe 413:, the 380:Taifun 277:Speed 261:Draft 253:Width 169:napalm 123:Neosho 95:-class 1565:Sloop 1510:Aviso 707:Dnepr 680:Bosna 668:Körös 653:Drava 638:Bosna 556:class 491:Körös 285:Crew 216:knots 194:draft 81:draft 1995:DSRV 1780:MTSM 1205:and 1155:ISBN 1140:ISBN 1117:2018 914:ISBN 887:2010 759:and 717:and 684:Sava 666:(ex- 658:Enns 656:(ex- 646:(ex- 643:Sava 636:(ex- 538:Sava 525:Sava 497:Enns 462:and 376:Amur 366:Asia 1775:MTM 1770:MTB 1760:MGB 1755:MAS 650:), 640:), 563:in 504:Inn 458:by 440:Inn 288:11 196:of 90:'s 2148:: 1119:. 1103:. 690:. 544:, 515:. 426:. 313:3 307:2 163:A 1410:) 1406:( 1195:e 1188:t 1181:v 1161:. 1146:. 889:. 207:2 203:1 200:+ 198:3 34:. 20:)

Index

River monitors
Water monitor

warships
USS Monitor
American Civil War
gun turrets
inland waterways
draft
Royal Navy
Lord Clive-class
monitors
machine guns
river gunboat

Neosho
American Civil War
Mississippi River Campaigns
Battle of Mobile Bay
brown-water navy
South Vietnam
Mobile Riverine Force

Mobile Riverine Force
napalm
Monitors
World War II
Landing Craft Mechanized
draft
diesel engines

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