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680:, a variety of transitional forms between V-, U- and plain valleys can form. The floor or bottom of these valleys can be broad or narrow, but all valleys have a shoulder. The broader a mountain valley, the lower its shoulders are located in most cases. An important exception is canyons where the shoulder almost is near the top of the valley's slope. In the Alps – e.g. the
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and other areas where Gaelic was once widespread. Strath signifies a wide valley between hills, the floor of which is either level or slopes gently. A glen is a river valley which is steeper and narrower than a strath. A corrie is a basin-shaped hollow in a mountain. Each of these terms also occurs
785:
Glaciated terrain is not the only site of hanging streams and valleys. Hanging valleys are also simply the product of varying rates of erosion of the main valley and the tributary valleys. The varying rates of erosion are associated with the composition of the adjacent rocks in the different valley
758:
valley that is higher than the main valley. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys, where a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. The main glacier erodes a deep U-shaped valley with nearly vertical sides, while the tributary glacier, with a smaller volume of ice,
590:
A tunnel valley is a large, long, U-shaped valley originally cut under the glacial ice near the margin of continental ice sheets such as that now covering
Antarctica and formerly covering portions of all continents during past glacial ages. Such valleys can be up to 100 km (62 mi) long,
363:
The development of a river valley is affected by the character of the bedrock over which the river or stream flows, the elevational difference between its top and bottom, and indeed the climate. Typically the flow will increase downstream and the gradient will decrease. In the upper valley, the
521:. The shape of the valley which results from all of these influences may only become visible upon the recession of the glacier that forms it. A river or stream may remain in the valley; if it is smaller than one would expect given the size of its valley, it can be considered an example of a
387:
In the middle valley, as numerous streams have coalesced, the valley is typically wider, the flow slower and both erosion and deposition may take place. More lateral erosion takes place in the middle section of a river's course, as strong currents on the outside of its curve erode the bank.
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locations. The tributary valleys are eroded and deepened by glaciers or erosion at a slower rate than that of the main valley floor; thus the difference in the two valleys' depth increases over time. The tributary valley, composed of more resistant rock, then hangs over the main valley.
1080:) is widespread in southern England and describes a short valley set into a hillside. Other terms for small valleys such as hope, dean, slade, slack and bottom are commonly encountered in place-names in various parts of England but are no longer in general use as synonyms for
620:
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In northern
Central Europe, the Scandinavian ice sheet during the various ice ages advanced slightly uphill against the lie of the land. As a result, its meltwaters flowed parallel to the ice margin to reach the North Sea basin, forming huge, flat valleys known as
470:
There are various forms of valleys associated with glaciation. True glacial valleys are those that have been cut by a glacier which may or may not still occupy the valley at the present day. Such valleys may also be known as glacial troughs. They typically have a
321:. All three processes can contribute to the development of a valley over geological time. The flat (or relatively flat) portion of a valley between its sides is referred to as the valley floor. The valley floor is typically formed by river sediments and may have
798:. By contrast with glacial U-shaped valleys, there is less downward and sideways erosion. The severe downslope denudation results in gently sloping valley sides; their transition to the actual valley bottom is unclear. Trough-shaped valleys occur mainly in
513:(or 'rock steps') can result from differing erosion rates due to both the nature of the bedrock (hardness and jointing for example) and the power of the moving ice. In places, a rock basin may be excavated which may later be filled with water to form a
687:
valley – the shoulders are quite low (100–200 meters above the bottom). Many villages are located here (esp. on the sunny side) because the climate is very mild: even in winter when the valley's floor is filled with fog, these villages are in
415:. Rapid down-cutting may result from localized uplift of the land surface or rejuvenation of the watercourse as a result for example of a reduction in the base level to which the river is eroded, e.g. lowered global sea level during an
595:. They once served as subglacial drainage pathways carrying large volumes of meltwater. Their cross-sections exhibit steep-sided flanks similar to fjord walls, and their flat bottoms are typical of subglacial glacial erosion.
494:
by rock material embedded within the moving glacial ice causes the widening and deepening of the valley to produce the characteristic U or trough shape with relatively steep, even vertical sides and a relatively flat bottom.
317:; these typically have a U-shaped profile in cross-section, in contrast to river valleys, which tend to have a V-shaped profile. Other valleys may arise principally through tectonic processes such as
1969:
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developed from these river valley communities. Siting of settlements within valleys is influenced by many factors, including the need to avoid flooding and the location of river crossing points.
2345:
Santa Clara Valley is a structural valley, created by mountain building, as opposed to an erosional valley, or one which has undergone the wearing away of the earth's surface by natural agents.
309:
and are known as river valleys. Typically small valleys containing streams feed into larger valleys which in turn feed into larger valleys again, eventually reaching the ocean or perhaps an
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Box valleys have wide, relatively level floors and steep sides. They are common in periglacial areas and occur in mid-latitudes, but also occur in tropical and arid regions.
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or flat valley bottom. In
Southern England, vales commonly occur between the outcrops of different relatively erosion-resistant rock formations, where less
735:
403:
Some sections of a stream or river valleys may have vertically incised their course to such an extent that the valley they occupy is best described as a
293:, rather than erosion. Many different types of valleys are described by geographers, using terms that may be global in use or else applied only locally.
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4 km (2.5 mi) wide, and 400 m (1,300 ft) deep (its depth may vary along its length). Tunnel valleys were formed by subglacial
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Conversely, deposition may take place on the inside of curves where the current is much slacker, the process leading to the river assuming a
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occurs widely in place names in the north of
England and, to a lesser extent, in southern Scotland. As a generic name for a type of valley,
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1252:
2170:
Jørgensen, Flemming; Peter B.E. Sandersen (June 2006). "Buried and open tunnel valleys in
Denmark—erosion beneath multiple ice sheets".
763:, the shallower valley appears to be 'hanging' above the main valley. Often, waterfalls form at or near the outlet of the upper valley.
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Rowley, Taylor; Giardino, John R.; Granados-Aguilar, Raquel; Vitek, John D. (2015-01-01), Giardino, John R.; Houser, Chris (eds.),
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is about 400 meters (1,300 ft) deep while the main fjord nearby is 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) deep. The mouth of
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is only 50 meters (160 ft) deep while the main fjord is around 1,300 meters (4,300 ft) at the same point.
505:, typical of glaciated mountain landscapes. The upper end of the trough below the ice-contributing cirques may be a
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1931:(singular: 'vallis'). Deeper valleys with steeper sides (akin to canyons) on certain of these bodies are known as
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482:', excavated by the rotational movement downslope of a cirque glacier. During glacial periods, for example, the
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The term vale is used in
England and Wales to describe a wide river valley, usually with a particularly wide
93:
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and are characteristic landforms of mountain areas where glaciation has occurred or continues to take place.
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of the land surface by rivers or streams over a very long period. Some valleys are formed through erosion by
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The uppermost part of a glacial valley frequently consists of one or more 'armchair-shaped' hollows, or '
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1947:' or Latin term 'rima' (signifying 'cleft') is used for certain other elongate depressions on the Moon.
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proceeds, extend downhill through valleys that have previously been shaped by water rather than ice.
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and food (fish and game), as well as a place to wash and a sewer. The proximity of water moderated
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makes a shallower U-shaped valley. Since the surfaces of the glaciers were originally at the same
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character. In the lower valley, gradients are lowest, meanders may be much broader and a broader
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typically refers to a wide valley, though there are many much smaller stream valleys within the
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showing a characteristic U-shape, the bottom's rocky 'rubble' accretion and the broad shoulders
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2012: – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil
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to produce a steep-sided V-shaped valley. The presence of more resistant rock bands, of
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614:. Unlike the other forms of glacial valleys, these were formed by glacial meltwaters.
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associated with the development of river valleys are preferentially eroded to produce
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Valleys may arise through several different processes. Most commonly, they arise from
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2268:, Developments in Earth Surface Processes, vol. 19, Elsevier, pp. 397–447,
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This article is about the physical-geographic term. For places named "Valley", see
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is a word in common use in northern
England for a narrow valley with steep sides.
952:: A valley formed by geologic events such as drop faults or the rise of highlands.
258:. These glaciers may remain present in valleys in high mountains or polar areas.
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ice ages, it is in these locations that glaciers initially form and then, as the
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2149:(Seventh ed.). London: University of London Press Ltd. pp. 230–234.
2102:(Seventh ed.). London: University of London Press Ltd. pp. 161–164.
2049:(Seventh ed.). London: University of London Press Ltd. pp. 152–157.
1979:
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regions of variable wetness. Both climates are dominated by heavy denudation.
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262:
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2506:
Place-names in the
Landscape: the Geographical roots of Britain's place-names
2481:
Place-names in the
Landscape: the Geographical roots of Britain's place-names
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889:
Hollow: A term used regionally for a small valley surrounded by mountains or
17:
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may determine the course of the stream and result in a twisting course with
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2018: – An inactive river or stream channel that has been filled or buried
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areas, valleys may be entirely dry or carry a watercourse only rarely. In
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859:: A small valley, closed at one or both ends, in the central or southern
803:
748:
700:
689:
239:
2624:
2225:
Nesje, A., & Whillans, I. M. (1994). Erosion of
Sognefjord, Norway.
2084:
927:: An elongated valley found between two nearly-parallel mountain chains.
852:
There are many terms used for different sorts of valleys. They include:
396:
may result. Deposition dominates over erosion. A typical river basin or
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3296:
3291:
3273:
3253:
3158:
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terms for 'valley, 'gorge' and 'ditch' respectively. The German term '
176:
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3311:
3306:
3248:
3218:
3143:
2898:
2829:
2801:
2700:
2264:
Chapter 13 - Periglacial Processes and Landforms in the Critical Zone
2074:
1997:
1932:
1911:
Numerous elongate depressions have been identified on the surface of
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1128:
1025:
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2006: – Meadow within a forested and relatively small drainage basin
2240:"Illustrated Glossary of Alpine Glacial Landforms - Hanging Valley"
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or else by sediments. Such features are found in coastal areas as
457:
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347:
332:
274:
243:
217:
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1935:(singular: 'chasma'). Long narrow depressions are referred to as
313:. In polar areas and at high altitudes, valleys may be eroded by
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3188:
1920:
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Trough-shaped valleys also form in regions of heavy topographic
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235:
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3103:
2615:, SAR interferometry (analysis of valley forms in Fig.2 and 6)
1970:
List of largest rifts, canyons and valleys in the Solar System
1023:
is used more widely by geographers as a synonym for (glacial)
250:
running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by
43:
2457:
1064:
is used to describe a ravine containing a mountain stream in
933:: A deep, narrow, flat-bottomed valley with an abrupt ending.
41:
Low area between hills, often with a river running through it
400:
will incorporate each of these different types of valleys.
269:
but now are ice-free and occupied by streams or rivers. In
2618:
2079:. New York: Reinhold Book Corporation. pp. 956–957.
2020:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
879:: A valley not created by sustained surface water flow.
711:. Smaller streams flow into rivers as deep canyons or
1010:
terms and are commonly encountered in place-names in
774:
are much shallower than the main fjord. The mouth of
2548:"Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, feature types"
543:
Other interesting glacially carved valleys include:
532:
A panoramic view of two merging U-shaped valleys in
3812:
3751:
3633:
3495:
3467:
3368:
3340:
3272:
3094:
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2800:
2711:
2361:(First ed.). Edinburgh: Birlinn. p. 203.
364:stream will most effectively erode its bed through
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
34:"River valley" redirects here. For other uses, see
2411:(First ed.). Edinburgh: Birlinn. p. 53.
2386:(First ed.). Edinburgh: Birlinn. p. 99.
2261:
1115:originated in river valleys, such as that of the
560:for their parallel directions and hanging mouths.
265:valleys may have been created or enlarged during
2508:(First ed.). London: J M Dent. p. 99.
2483:(First ed.). London: J M Dent. p. 88.
2436:(First ed.). London: Penguin. p. 83.
281:may also result from drainage now taking place
234:is an elongated low area often running between
210:The Frades Valley in the mountainous region of
2570:"Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, Welcome"
863:which sometimes results from the erosion of a
2681:
873:: A small, secluded, and often wooded valley.
8:
942:A valley typically developed parallel to a
2688:
2674:
2666:
968:, are not usually referred to as valleys.
352:Valley of Palakaria river springing from
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
2432:Whitten, D.G.A.; Brooks, J.R.V. (1972).
1054:which are named "(specific name) Dale".
430:For various lists of river valleys, see
261:At lower latitudes and altitudes, these
3287:International scale of river difficulty
2037:
983:running through the Kohistan Valley in
695:In some stress-tectonic regions of the
2603:, Glossary of Alpine Glacial Landforms
2208:. U.S. Geological Survey. May 28, 2004
1151:, the rivers were used as a source of
956:Similar geographical features such as
844:activity beneath the Earth's surface.
882:Erosional valley: A valley formed by
423:may also result in the production of
356:Mountain, seen in the background, in
7:
2073:(1968). Rhodes W. Fairbridge (ed.).
917:, a hollow is a small valley or dry
770:systems underwater. The branches of
707:are parallel to each other, and are
656:Look from Paria View to a valley in
72:adding citations to reliable sources
2330:"Early History, Santa Clara County"
1939:(singular: 'fossa'). These are the
1159:extremes and provided a source for
1099:has been eroded. An example is the
836:are formed by the expansion of the
2572:. International Astronomical Union
2550:. International Astronomical Union
2274:10.1016/B978-0-444-63369-9.00013-6
972:British regional terms for valleys
25:
2648:Valles Marineris and Ophir Chasma
2206:"Glossary of Glacier Terminology"
2000: – Deep chasm between cliffs
1163:, stimulating the development of
632:Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park
2308:. Psychology Press. p. 98.
2147:Principles of Physical Geography
2100:Principles of Physical Geography
2047:Principles of Physical Geography
1982:
1562:with its famous castles (France)
946:from more readily eroded strata.
619:
48:
3444:Flooded grasslands and savannas
2192:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.11.006
1015:in parts of the world formerly
630:New Zealand's Hooker Valley at
337:The valley of Halikko River in
59:needs additional citations for
766:Hanging valleys also occur in
664:, with very striking shoulders
648:Transition forms and shoulders
1:
2305:Encyclopedia of Geomorphology
1659:Hell's Gate, British Columbia
1224:(Egypt/Sudan/Ethiopia/Uganda)
731:flowing from a hanging valley
3610:Universal Soil Loss Equation
3560:Hydrological transport model
3454:Storm Water Management Model
2534:Merriam–Webster's Dictionary
2302:Goudie, Andrew, ed. (2004).
2027: – Narrow body of water
1925:planets and their satellites
1638:system. (France and Germany)
285:rather than at the surface.
1965:List of valleys on the Moon
1276:List of valleys in Pakistan
242:and typically containing a
3970:
3114:Antecedent drainage stream
2644:, bisecting the Lunar Alps
2504:Gelling, Margaret (1984).
2479:Gelling, Margaret (1984).
2172:Quaternary Science Reviews
1901:West Antarctic Rift System
1789:(British Columbia/Montana)
1526:(Scotland, United Kingdom)
1520:(Scotland, United Kingdom)
828:Rift valleys, such as the
821:
602:
583:
462:A glaciated valley in the
429:
275:areas of limestone bedrock
187:has almost vertical walls.
33:
26:
3878:
3850:River valley civilization
3733:Riparian-zone restoration
2597:, University of Wisconsin
1795:(Ontario/Quebec/New York)
1612:(Møre Og Romsdal, Norway)
3913:Countries without rivers
3888:Rivers by discharge rate
3600:Runoff model (reservoir)
3565:Infiltration (hydrology)
2632:Extraterrestrial valleys
2536:. Merriam–Webster. 2011.
2145:Monkhouse, F.J. (1971).
2098:Monkhouse, F.J. (1971).
2076:Classification of Rivers
2045:Monkhouse, F.J. (1971).
1960:List of chasmata on Mars
1907:Extraterrestrial valleys
1813:(Virginia/West Virginia)
1711:(Arizona, United States)
1271:List of valleys in India
1111:Some of the first human
3585:River Continuum Concept
3350:Agricultural wastewater
1955:List of valleys on Mars
1681:(Maryland/Pennsylvania)
1624:(Wales, United Kingdom)
1574:(Wales, United Kingdom)
446:U-shaped valley on the
311:internal drainage basin
289:arise principally from
29:Valley (disambiguation)
3908:River name etymologies
3835:Hydraulic civilization
3693:Floodplain restoration
3469:Point source pollution
3244:Sedimentary structures
2621:, Valleys of the World
1661:
1484:
1396:
1265:
1191:
987:
754:A hanging valley is a
751:
732:
729:Yosemite National Park
665:
556:of the Austrian river
540:
473:U-shaped cross-section
467:
455:
432:Category:River valleys
360:
345:
227:
215:
203:
202:, a rather flat valley
188:
173:
157:
3520:Discharge (hydrology)
3482:Industrial wastewater
2963:Sedimentary processes
2434:Dictionary of Geology
2334:National Park Service
1793:Saint Lawrence Valley
1787:Rocky Mountain Trench
1739:Missouri River Valley
1657:
1471:
1387:
1255:
1212:Ethiopian Rift Valley
1182:
1076:(also encountered as
979:
861:Appalachian Mountains
738:
727:Bridal Veil Falls in
726:
655:
569:Glacier National Park
531:
464:Mount Hood Wilderness
461:
445:
351:
336:
305:over long periods by
221:
209:
194:
179:
166:Glacier National Park
163:
149:
3625:Volumetric flow rate
3209:Riffle-pool sequence
2409:Scottish Place-names
2407:Ross, David (2001).
2384:Scottish Place-names
2382:Ross, David (2001).
2359:Scottish Place-names
2357:Ross, David (2001).
2178:(11–12): 1339–1363.
1554:Lauterbrunnen Valley
1388:The Harau Valley in
1017:colonized by Britain
297:Formation of valleys
222:Baemsagol valley of
212:Rio de Janeiro state
68:improve this article
3799:Whitewater kayaking
3794:Whitewater canoeing
3595:Runoff curve number
3439:Flood pulse concept
2184:2006QSRv...25.1339J
1805:San Fernando Valley
1622:South Wales Valleys
1556:(Bern, Switzerland)
1240:Valley of the Kings
1169:first civilizations
1143:, and arguably the
1101:Vale of White Horse
925:Longitudinal valley
164:U-shaped valley in
3825:Aquatic toxicology
3738:Stream restoration
3703:Infiltration basin
3555:Hydrological model
3071:Sediment transport
2894:Estavelle/Inversac
2772:Subterranean river
2625:Valley definitions
1882:Valley of the Moon
1829:Valley of the Gods
1759:(British Columbia)
1717:(British Columbia)
1705:(British Columbia)
1699:(British Columbia)
1662:
1580:(Buskerud, Norway)
1568:(Telemark, Norway)
1544:(Telemark, Norway)
1538:(Buskerud, Norway)
1498:(Telemark, Norway)
1492:(Vestland, Norway)
1485:
1446:(Papua New Guinea)
1410:(Papua New Guinea)
1397:
1308:Jordan Rift Valley
1266:
1192:
988:
752:
733:
699:or the Alps (e.g.
666:
541:
499:Interlocking spurs
468:
456:
382:interlocking spurs
361:
346:
228:
216:
204:
189:
174:
158:
3944:Fluvial landforms
3939:Erosion landforms
3921:
3920:
3898:Whitewater rivers
3804:Whitewater slalom
3635:River engineering
3535:Groundwater model
3496:River measurement
3424:Flood forecasting
3239:Sedimentary basin
3096:Fluvial landforms
3001:Bed material load
2777:River bifurcation
2283:978-0-444-63369-9
1927:and are known as
1867:Calchaquí Valleys
1841:Willamette Valley
1811:Shenandoah Valley
1781:Rio Grande Valley
1775:Valley of the Sun
1679:Cumberland Valley
1632:Upper Rhine Plain
1586:(Hedmark, Norway)
1532:(Oppland, Norway)
1366:Jiuzhaigou Valley
1342:Valleys of China
1310:(Jordan - Israel)
1258:Valley of Flowers
1217:Great Rift Valley
1207:East African Rift
1113:complex societies
1029:, as is the word
950:Structural valley
848:Terms for valleys
719:Hanging tributary
668:Depending on the
642:in the background
370:geological faults
144:
143:
136:
118:
16:(Redirected from
3961:
3883:Rivers by length
3718:River morphology
3620:Wetted perimeter
3525:Drainage density
3036:Headward erosion
2865:Perennial stream
2737:Blackwater river
2690:
2683:
2676:
2667:
2627:, YourDictionary
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2476:
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2467:
2465:
2460:. Microsoft Bing
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2095:
2089:
2088:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2042:
2021:
1992:
1990:Geography portal
1987:
1986:
1985:
1835:Valley of Mexico
1799:Salt Lake Valley
1769:Palo Duro Canyon
1765:(Ontario/Quebec)
1733:Las Vegas Valley
1673:Coachella Valley
1602:to Grenoble and
1550:(Romania/Serbia)
1504:(Eastern Europe)
1175:Notable examples
1121:Tigris-Euphrates
1107:Human settlement
1103:in Oxfordshire.
931:Steephead valley
840:'s crust due to
739:Hanging valley,
623:
575:, United States.
323:fluvial terraces
263:glacially formed
151:Calchaquí Valley
139:
132:
128:
125:
119:
117:
76:
52:
44:
21:
3969:
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3963:
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3960:
3959:
3958:
3954:Bodies of water
3949:Slope landforms
3924:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3893:Drainage basins
3874:
3808:
3747:
3723:Retention basin
3683:Erosion control
3678:Detention basin
3629:
3545:Hjulström curve
3497:
3491:
3463:
3407:Non-water flood
3364:
3336:
3282:Helicoidal flow
3268:
3169:Fluvial terrace
3164:Floating island
3090:
2965:
2957:
2948:Rhythmic spring
2882:
2874:
2855:Stream gradient
2796:
2782:River ecosystem
2747:Channel pattern
2715:
2707:
2694:
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2209:
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2169:
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2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2071:Morisawa, Marie
2069:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2019:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1909:
1897:
1857:
1852:
1847:Yosemite Valley
1757:Okanagan Valley
1747:(Arizona, Utah)
1745:Monument Valley
1727:Imperial Valley
1685:Cuyahoga Valley
1652:
1647:
1618:(Agder, Norway)
1496:Dalen, Telemark
1466:
1461:
1438:Kangaroo Valley
1420:Capertee Valley
1382:
1377:
1361:Insukati Valley
1337:Panjshir Valley
1289:(Western Nepal)
1250:
1245:
1197:
1177:
1109:
1052:Yorkshire Dales
974:
865:geologic window
850:
826:
820:
812:
802:regions and in
792:
721:
697:Rocky Mountains
650:
645:
644:
643:
638:'s terminus at
629:
624:
607:
601:
588:
582:
550:(United States)
548:Yosemite Valley
503:truncated spurs
440:
438:Glacial valleys
435:
331:
299:
291:earth movements
172:, United States
140:
129:
123:
120:
77:
75:
65:
53:
42:
39:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3967:
3965:
3957:
3956:
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3946:
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3936:
3926:
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3919:
3918:
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3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3784:Stone skipping
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3748:
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3720:
3715:
3710:
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3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3668:Drop structure
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3648:Balancing lake
3645:
3639:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3575:Playfair's law
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3530:Exner equation
3527:
3522:
3517:
3515:Bradshaw model
3512:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3465:
3464:
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3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3402:Urban flooding
3394:
3389:
3387:Crevasse splay
3384:
3382:100-year flood
3378:
3376:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3342:Surface runoff
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3322:Stream capture
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3234:Rock-cut basin
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
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3111:
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3100:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3076:Suspended load
3073:
3068:
3066:Secondary flow
3063:
3058:
3056:Retrogradation
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3021:Dissolved load
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2953:Spring horizon
2950:
2945:
2940:
2938:Mineral spring
2935:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2919:list in the US
2916:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2845:Stream channel
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2767:Drainage basin
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2727:Alluvial river
2723:
2721:
2709:
2708:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2645:
2633:
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2628:
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2604:
2598:
2590:
2589:External links
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2424:
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2367:
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2321:
2314:
2294:
2282:
2252:
2231:
2229:, 9(1), 33-45.
2218:
2197:
2162:
2155:
2137:
2124:"Vale of Eden"
2115:
2108:
2090:
2062:
2055:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2025:Stream channel
2022:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1994:
1993:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1888:Paraíba Valley
1885:
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1667:Central Valley
1663:
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1646:
1645:
1642:Vestfjorddalen
1639:
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1613:
1607:
1593:
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1563:
1557:
1551:
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1539:
1533:
1530:Gudbrandsdalen
1527:
1521:
1515:
1508:Evrotas Valley
1505:
1499:
1493:
1486:
1474:Gudbrandsdalen
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1444:Markham Valley
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1414:Cagayan Valley
1411:
1405:
1402:Barossa Valley
1398:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1346:Baligou Valley
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1305:
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1273:
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1209:
1204:
1202:Albertine Rift
1198:
1196:
1193:
1176:
1173:
1167:. Most of the
1108:
1105:
1035:borrowed from
1004:Anglicisations
973:
970:
954:
953:
947:
934:
928:
922:
887:
880:
874:
868:
849:
846:
830:Albertine Rift
822:Main article:
819:
816:
811:
808:
791:
788:
776:Fjærlandsfjord
720:
717:
649:
646:
636:Hooker Glacier
626:
625:
618:
617:
616:
603:Main article:
600:
597:
584:Main article:
581:
578:
577:
576:
565:St. Mary River
561:
551:
439:
436:
425:river terraces
398:drainage basin
330:
329:River valleys
327:
298:
295:
185:Western Norway
142:
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56:
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40:
24:
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3871:
3868:
3866:
3865:Surface water
3863:
3861:
3860:Sacred waters
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3845:Riparian zone
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
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3830:Body of water
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3797:
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3779:Riverboarding
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3774:River surfing
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3508:
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3503:
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3498:and modelling
3494:
3488:
3485:
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3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3459:Return period
3457:
3455:
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3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3419:Flood control
3417:
3415:
3414:Flood barrier
3412:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3398:
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3046:Palaeochannel
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3019:
3017:
3014:
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3009:
3007:
3006:Granular flow
3004:
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2999:
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2752:Channel types
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2315:9780415327381
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2256:
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2227:Geomorphology
2222:
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2207:
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2026:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
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1991:
1980:
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1879:Ischigualasto
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1861:Aburra Valley
1859:
1858:
1855:South America
1854:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:Toluca Valley
1821:
1818:
1817:Sonoma Valley
1815:
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1800:
1797:
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1764:
1763:Ottawa Valley
1761:
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1734:
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1728:
1725:
1722:
1721:Hudson Valley
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1703:Fraser Valley
1701:
1698:
1697:Fraser Canyon
1695:
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1650:North America
1649:
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1573:
1572:Nant Ffrancon
1570:
1567:
1566:Midt-Telemark
1564:
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1534:
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1513:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1502:Danube Valley
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1452:(New Zealand)
1451:
1450:Strath Taieri
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1434:(New Zealand)
1433:
1430:
1427:
1426:Hunter Valley
1424:
1421:
1418:
1416:(Philippines)
1415:
1412:
1409:
1408:Bulolo Valley
1406:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1372:
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1367:
1364:
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1359:
1357:
1356:Heizhu Valley
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:(Afghanistan)
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1314:Jordan Valley
1312:
1309:
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1297:
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1279:
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1269:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1228:Nugaal Valley
1226:
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1199:
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1005:
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993:
986:
982:
978:
971:
969:
967:
963:
959:
951:
948:
945:
941:
938:
937:Strike valley
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
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869:
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847:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
825:
817:
815:
809:
807:
805:
801:
797:
790:Trough-shaped
789:
787:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
757:
750:
746:
742:
737:
730:
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710:
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691:
686:
683:
679:
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663:
659:
654:
647:
641:
637:
633:
628:
622:
615:
613:
606:
598:
596:
594:
593:water erosion
587:
586:Tunnel valley
579:
574:
570:
566:
562:
559:
555:
552:
549:
546:
545:
544:
539:
535:
530:
526:
524:
523:misfit stream
520:
516:
512:
508:
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485:
481:
476:
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465:
460:
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428:
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367:
359:
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344:
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328:
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296:
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288:
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264:
259:
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138:
135:
127:
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85: –
84:
80:
79:Find sources:
73:
69:
63:
62:
57:This article
55:
51:
46:
45:
37:
30:
19:
18:River valleys
3903:Flash floods
3855:River cruise
3752:River sports
3605:Stream gauge
3590:Rouse number
3580:Relief ratio
3429:Flood-meadow
3360:Urban runoff
3274:Fluvial flow
3259:River valley
3258:
3229:River island
3194:Meander scar
3109:Alluvial fan
3051:Progradation
2926:Karst spring
2870:Winterbourne
2825:Chalk stream
2787:River source
2762:Distributary
2642:Vallis Alpes
2574:. Retrieved
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2542:
2533:
2524:
2505:
2499:
2480:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2452:
2433:
2427:
2408:
2402:
2383:
2377:
2358:
2352:
2344:
2337:. Retrieved
2333:
2324:
2304:
2297:
2287:, retrieved
2263:
2255:
2244:. Retrieved
2234:
2226:
2221:
2210:. Retrieved
2200:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2146:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2126:. Britannica
2118:
2099:
2093:
2075:
2065:
2046:
2040:
2004:Grass valley
1949:
1923:, and other
1910:
1881:
1873:Cauca Valley
1849:(California)
1819:(California)
1807:(California)
1753:(California)
1729:(California)
1709:Grand Canyon
1693:(California)
1691:Death Valley
1675:(California)
1669:(California)
1596:Rhone Valley
1560:Loire Valley
1536:Hallingdalen
1490:Bergensdalen
1390:West Sumatra
1371:Mutou Valley
1325:Klang Valley
1295:(Kazakhstan)
1281:Beqaa Valley
1137:Yellow River
1110:
1095:rock, often
1086:
1081:
1077:
1059:
1041:
1030:
1024:
1020:
989:
955:
939:
851:
834:Gregory Rift
827:
813:
793:
784:
765:
753:
705:side valleys
694:
667:
658:Bryce Canyon
612:Urstromtäler
608:
589:
563:That of the
554:Side valleys
542:
511:Valley steps
497:
477:
469:
421:rejuvenation
402:
386:
362:
307:moving water
300:
287:Rift valleys
260:
231:
229:
130:
121:
111:
104:
97:
90:
78:
66:Please help
61:verification
58:
36:River Valley
3764:Fly fishing
3688:Fish ladder
3673:Daylighting
3392:Flash flood
3355:First flush
3302:Plunge pool
3026:Downcutting
3011:Debris flow
2986:Aggradation
2860:Stream pool
2619:Valleys.com
2608:"BGU.ac.il"
2576:20 December
2554:20 December
2464:20 December
2458:"Bing maps"
2339:January 16,
2242:. .uwsp.edu
2130:20 December
2016:Paleovalley
1884:(Argentina)
1869:(Argentina)
1751:Napa Valley
1715:Hell's Gate
1628:Upper Rhine
1476:in Eastern
1458:(Australia)
1456:Swan Valley
1440:(Australia)
1432:Hutt Valley
1428:(Australia)
1422:(Australia)
1404:(Australia)
1351:Emin Valley
1333:(Sri Lanka)
1293:Emin Valley
1287:Dang Valley
1262:Uttarakhand
1234:Umba Valley
1222:Nile Valley
1165:agriculture
1157:temperature
1153:fresh water
1141:Mississippi
1089:flood plain
1072:. The term
981:Indus River
899:New England
824:Rift valley
800:periglacial
741:Ibar (lake)
640:Hooker Lake
515:ribbon lake
484:Pleistocene
448:Afon Fathew
283:underground
279:dry valleys
256:glacial ice
196:Fljótsdalur
3928:Categories
3870:Wild river
3550:Hydrograph
3540:Hack's law
3505:Baer's law
3449:Inundation
3434:Floodplain
3374:stormwater
3332:Whitewater
3204:Oxbow lake
3041:Knickpoint
3016:Deposition
2909:Hot spring
2850:Streamflow
2840:Stream bed
2757:Confluence
2515:0460860860
2490:0460860860
2443:0140510494
2418:1841581739
2393:1841581739
2368:1841581739
2289:2023-10-19
2246:2011-10-03
2212:2007-05-24
2156:0340090227
2109:0340090227
2056:0340090227
2032:References
1950:See also:
1895:Antarctica
1875:(Colombia)
1863:(Colombia)
1741:(Missouri)
1723:(New York)
1630:Valley or
1600:Matterhorn
1584:Østerdalen
1524:Great Glen
1327:(Malaysia)
1236:(Tanzania)
1189:Costa Rica
1183:A view of
1161:irrigation
1149:prehistory
990:The terms
919:stream bed
905:, and the
903:Appalachia
877:Dry valley
796:denudation
772:Sognefjord
747:Mountain,
713:waterfalls
676:, and the
674:rock types
670:topography
605:Urstromtal
536:mountain,
507:trough-end
394:floodplain
390:meandering
94:newspapers
3840:Limnology
3789:Triathlon
3759:Canyoning
3728:Revetment
3658:Check dam
3570:Main stem
3327:Waterfall
3214:Point bar
3199:Mouth bar
3139:Billabong
3086:Water gap
3081:Wash load
3061:Saltation
2981:Anabranch
2904:Holy well
2792:Tributary
2654:website (
2652:bilingual
2638:ESA image
1777:(Arizona)
1634:, an old
1610:Romsdalen
1598:from the
1592:, (Italy)
1590:Po Valley
1578:Numedalen
1548:Iron Gate
1394:Indonesia
1319:Kathmandu
1283:(Lebanon)
1230:(Somalia)
1097:claystone
1093:resistant
1042:The word
780:Ikjefjord
761:elevation
756:tributary
599:Meltwater
374:fractures
366:corrasion
240:mountains
181:Romsdalen
155:Argentina
3643:Aqueduct
3510:Baseflow
3477:Effluent
3154:Cut bank
3119:Avulsion
2996:Bed load
2976:Abrasion
2601:UWSP.edu
1976:See also
1933:chasmata
1890:(Brazil)
1843:(Oregon)
1837:(Mexico)
1825:(Mexico)
1735:(Nevada)
1644:(Norway)
1616:Setesdal
1606:(France)
1518:Glen Coe
1514:(Greece)
1331:Mahaweli
1070:Pennines
1068:and the
1048:the term
1012:Scotland
1002:are all
985:Pakistan
915:Missouri
911:Arkansas
842:tectonic
804:tropical
749:Bulgaria
743:valley,
701:Salzburg
690:sunshine
682:Tyrolean
538:Bulgaria
492:Abrasion
358:Bulgaria
315:glaciers
267:ice ages
214:, Brazil
198:in East
124:May 2013
83:"Valley"
3934:Valleys
3820:Aquifer
3813:Related
3769:Rafting
3297:Meander
3292:Log jam
3254:Thalweg
3159:Estuary
3031:Erosion
2968:erosion
2880:Springs
2835:Current
2802:Streams
2742:Channel
2705:springs
2701:streams
2656:English
2595:NPS.gov
2530:"Combe"
2180:Bibcode
1783:(Texas)
1771:(Texas)
1380:Oceania
1321:(Nepal)
1264:, India
1242:(Egypt)
1133:Yangtze
1066:Cumbria
958:gullies
895:Ireland
884:erosion
709:hanging
703:), the
678:climate
634:, with
573:Montana
558:Salzach
488:ice age
480:cirques
454:, Wales
452:Dolgoch
419:. Such
417:ice age
354:Vitosha
343:Finland
339:Halikko
319:rifting
303:erosion
252:erosion
226:, Korea
224:Jirisan
200:Iceland
170:Montana
108:scholar
3615:WAFLEX
3487:Sewage
3370:Floods
3312:Riffle
3307:Rapids
3249:Strath
3219:Ravine
3144:Canyon
2899:Geyser
2830:Coulee
2815:Bourne
2810:Arroyo
2713:Rivers
2697:Rivers
2660:German
2512:
2487:
2440:
2415:
2390:
2365:
2312:
2280:
2153:
2106:
2083:
2053:
1998:Canyon
1937:fossae
1929:valles
1919:, the
1831:(Utah)
1801:(Utah)
1687:(Ohio)
1636:graben
1542:Heddal
1512:Sparta
1478:Norway
1464:Europe
1303:Turkey
1299:Ihlara
1195:Africa
1145:Amazon
1129:Ganges
1082:valley
1078:coombe
1056:Clough
1026:cirque
1021:Corrie
1008:Gaelic
1000:strath
998:, and
992:corrie
966:kloofs
964:, and
962:chines
944:cuesta
907:Ozarks
891:ridges
672:, the
580:Tunnel
519:fjords
413:canyon
409:ravine
376:, and
271:desert
248:stream
232:valley
110:
103:
96:
89:
81:
3713:Levee
3698:Flume
3653:Canal
3397:Flood
3317:Shoal
3184:Gully
3179:Gulch
3149:Chine
3134:Bayou
2991:Armor
2943:Ponor
2718:lists
2611:(PDF)
2010:Gully
1945:rille
1941:Latin
1917:Venus
1480:near
1185:Orosí
1147:. In
1125:Indus
1074:combe
1037:Welsh
893:. In
838:Earth
768:fjord
534:Pirin
450:near
411:, or
405:gorge
378:folds
244:river
236:hills
115:JSTOR
101:books
3743:Weir
3708:Leat
3372:and
3264:Wadi
3224:Rill
3189:Glen
3174:Gill
3124:Bank
2966:and
2931:list
2914:list
2885:list
2820:Burn
2703:and
2658:and
2578:2020
2556:2020
2510:ISBN
2485:ISBN
2466:2020
2438:ISBN
2413:ISBN
2388:ISBN
2363:ISBN
2341:2015
2310:ISBN
2278:ISBN
2151:ISBN
2132:2020
2104:ISBN
2085:2968
2081:OCLC
2051:ISBN
1921:Moon
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