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over 700 tons of crops and 20,000 gallons of milk in a year, using mostly patient labour. In 1950, the Male
Chronic building was renamed West Lawn, the Female Chronic building East Lawn, and the Acute Psychopathic Unit became Centre Lawn. The hospital itself was then called the Provincial Mental Hospital, Essondale. In 1983, the West Lawn building was closed. In 1984, 141 acres of Riverview's upper hillside were sold, subdivided, and developed as the Riverview Heights subdivision, with 250 single-family homes, and the remaining Riverview forest was acquired by the city of Coquitlam.
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hospitals as well as a move toward outpatient care. As early as 1967, a decision had been made to downsize
Riverview Hospital. The determination was first brought up officially on paper three years after the publication of the Mental Health Act of 1964, which intended to have mental health care be as readily available to the population as that of physical health. The two acts worked in conjunction so that by 1970, there were seventeen mental health centres in British Columbia, twelve of which had opened within the previous four years.
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the early 1960s and has been argued to be one of the reasons for the 1969 committee's decision to downsize
Riverview and decrease funding. The board, as far less experienced in psychiatry than the original managers, who held doctorates and who were trained psychiatrists, were again replaced in 1992 by another board without trustees that was said to give a broader representation of concerns, including those of consumers patients, businesses, and union and community agencies.
641:
must be in place prior to any reductions or adjustments to
Riverview, and that bridge funding between the psychiatric hospital and community programs must be available (32). The report, although subtly recommending a decrease in governmental financial aid for psychiatric services, repeatedly states that sufficient funding and proper care in transfers, including previously implemented community resources and supervision by Riverview before and after discharge, are crucial.
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being planned, legislation was also passed in 1969 that deemed
Riverview an "open hospital" allowing private practitioners to send their patients to Riverview. A shift away from directors trained in psychiatry to administrative ones was marked. As services and beds at Riverview continuously decreased, while opening access to it through private practice, another official plan to entirely close Riverview Hospital was written in 1987:
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intended to provide inpatient care for 105 patients. The focus of its programs were developed to deliver specialized care for adults with severe and complex mental health and addiction challenges. It is believed to be the first large, standalone centre dedicated to treating the concurrent disorders of mental health and addictions.
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the
Vancouver Coastal and Fraser Health Authorities, a 520-bed decrease from what was stated the previous year. At the same meeting, PHSA Mental Health Services President Leslie Arnold said, "A comprehensive transition care plan, including input from family members, is developed from each RVH patient prior to transfer'.
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general hospitals and testing of medium/long-term inpatient units in urban areas were suggested to fall under the first stage. Further implementation of the medium/long-term care units was to take place following the three years so as to conjoin with the anticipated closure of
Riverview five years from that date (ibid).
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turning the
Downtown Eastside of Vancouver into a mental health ghetto. He additionally mentioned that many of his clients who had recently been discharged from Riverview (mostly schizophrenics) would commit suicide shortly after discharge, due to failure to properly medicate from lack of professional supervision.
713:
On
September 20, 2013, the BC government rejected the recommendation of the Union of BC Mayors to re-instate Riverview Hospital. The reason the premier gave was that re-institutionalization is not the solution to homelessness or drug addiction. Instead, there is "a new set of problems we need to deal
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The process was said to constitute the following: 218 staff FTEs for case management/outpatient treatment duties, resulting in 4,360 additional units of care being available to the mental health system; 1,090 additional patient places for community support lrograms (i.e., social/recreational and life
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Decreases continued. In 1969, the provincial government appointed a committee to review the role of the Mental Health Branch of social services in
British Columbia. The committee decided to further downsize Riverview in a stated plan to implement other community care centres. As further closures were
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Press releases by the Provincial Health Services Authority indicated that conditions had improved seven years later. In 2003, three new mental health facilities had opened in Prince George, Kamloops, and Victoria. Along with the new buildings, eighty patients from Riverview were discharged. They did
640:
Despite financial cuts, many of the recommendations enforce sufficient beds for the acutely mentally ill, proper assessment and supervision, and sufficient education for the new carers to be offered as psychiatric care changes. Even more importantly, recommendations 63 and 64 state that all programs
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The report emphasizes that implementation of the plan should be gradual and orderly, with continuous monitoring to assure the system meets the needs of the mentally ill. It also repeats that there should be careful assessment and supervision of patients being transferred from Riverview Hospital—that
441:
By the year 2002, there were 800 beds in all of Riverview. In 2004, it was stated that by 2007, 400 new beds would open in other areas of British Columbia for mental health services, but places and dates went unmentioned. Neither did the report state how many beds would be removed from Riverview. In
697:
In 2002, there were 800 beds at Riverview. The stakeholders' meeting stated that by 2007, there would be 920 specialized mental health beds located in smaller hospitals throughout British Columbia, but neither dates, places, nor names were given. No mention of sites opening in the city of Vancouver
678:
Mark Smith, director of Triage, a shelter in Vancouver, stated that "there is zero available housing for these people—not even flop houses". He also said that much of the time, Riverview would try to discharge their patients right into the overnight shelter. He claimed that the mass discharges were
632:
In the sections titled "Summary of Recommendations", the first two recommendations enforce the role of the families to take care of patients. The third emphasizes the role of volunteer programs to help the mentally ill. The primary-care physician (GP) was also suggested to become the main person to
609:
The report states: "Implementation will involve redeveloping and reallocating existing resources applied at Riverview Hospital" (21). Riverview was to be reduced to a 550-medium/long-term patient capacity from its then-1,306, with the resources being reallocated "elsewhere in the community" (ibid).
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The Industrial Therapy Building was implemented in 1963, with a total cost of $ 505,000. Patients were assigned for instruction and training in a selected shop, which included cabinet, upholstery, furniture finishing, metal, printing, electronics, machine, mattresses, tailor, and shoemaking. It was
705:
At the 2004 stakeholders' meeting, it was stated that there were 84 new beds in mental health housing facilities in British Columbia. From 2003 to 2004, four beds had been officially added. At the same meeting, it was stated that by 2007, over 400 newly developed mental health beds were to open in
445:
Other buildings on Riverview Hospital grounds continued as mental health facilities. In 2005, the city's task force on the hospital lands rejected the idea of further housing on the lands and declared that the lands and buildings should be protected and remain as a mental health facility. In 2009,
421:
of 1979 states: "What began as the sensible idea of using non-medical, trained administrators for administrative tasks, has subtly become the use of untrained non-medical administrators, and a simultaneous denial of the psychiatrist's role in clinical leadership." The shift had been happening from
385:
In 1930, the 675-bed Female Chronic Unit (later called East Lawn) opened due to overcrowding. The first phase of what would eventually be called the Crease Clinic, the Veteran's Unit, opened in 1934, with the second phase opening in 1949, giving Riverview its most iconic building. Finally in 1955,
457:
The construction of a provincially funded $ 101-million mental health and addiction treatment facility on the Riverview grounds, named Red Fish Healing Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, began in 2017 and was planned to be completed in 2021. The facility, which opened on October 12, 2021, is
453:
Other mental health facilities have been constructed on the Riverview grounds, the first being Connolly Lodge, which opened on March 1, 2002; Cottonwood Lodge opened a few years later, and Cypress Lodge on April 23, 2010. Together, these three lodges have beds for 64 patients. In addition, twelve
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was published as an attempt to resolve the complaints of patients and their family members that had gone ignored for years. The document "emphasizes that a full assessment of patients' decision-making abilities and personal support network is necessary, and that a patient be notified and given an
377:
In 1913, a permanent provincial mental hospital, administered by Henry Esson Young, was opened, treating about 300 seriously mentally ill male patients. The building was originally constructed to hold 480 patients, but by the end of the year, it housed 919. By this time, Colony Farm was producing
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until it closed, in July 2012. In December 2015, the provincial government announced plans to replace the obsolete buildings with new mental health facilities, scheduled to open in about 2019. On October 12, 2021, the new Red Fish Healing Centre for Mental Health and Addiction opened on the site.
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had "magical faith that the Social Credit government would follow through on its promises to expand services in the community once they had downsized this hospital". Noone claims that he was suspicious of the report since its publication. Noone also stated that 1,000 patients were brought in and
480:
The Geriatric Psychiatry Division of Riverview Hospital was opened in 1985. A 26-bed acute (temporary) admissions unit was opened. The division was intended to be the first stage of a larger implementation of geriatric services in psychiatry across British Columbia. The program focused on social
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Regional clinics began drawing patients from Riverview, and both advances in treatment and eventual cutbacks in funding resulted in fewer people receiving mental health care province-wide. In 1983, West Lawn closed, and farming operations at Colony Farm were discontinued. In 1984, the provincial
636:
As can be seen by the stated recommendations, extra finances were hoped to be avoided in the change. As well, the overall amount of finances given by the provincial government to psychiatric care was expected to decrease, which is apparent in the report. Be that as it may, recommendations still
617:
Implementation was suggested to be a two-stage process. The first stage was to include the development of community residential, day program, and case management/outpatient treatment resources around the province to reduce Riverview patient population to 550 over three years. Additional beds in
693:
Optimistically, the same 1996 report stated that due to numerous media reports about the crisis in the current system that suggested the downsizing of Riverview was leading to unacceptable pressure on the rest of the system, the Riverview Board recommended, and the ministry supported a stop to
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A steady decline in beds and facilities started in the 1960s and continued up to 2004, at which point there were only 800 beds. Some say that the reason for this decrease was initially due to the introduction of anti-psychotic medications and the development of psychiatric units in acute-care
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By 1956, the hospital had reached 4,306 patients. In 1959, the charge of mental health services was transferred from the provincial secretary to the newly formed Department of Health Services. The transfer was followed by a transition from custodial care to the more active psychiatric care of
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In 2015, BC Housing published "A Vision for Renewing Riverview", an initiative for developing the Riverview lands into a provincially administered municipality including housing for the mentally ill and for Indigenous housing. As of 2019, the BC government has not acted upon this initiative.
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was converted to British Columbia's first facility to house mentally ill patients. Due to crowding, Royal Hospital was closed and the patients moved to the new Provincial Asylum for the Insane in 1878. Again facing problems of overcrowding at the turn of the century, in 1904, the provincial
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In 1992, about 8,000 of the yearly emergency admissions to Vancouver's mental health facilities were people with both drug addictions and mental illnesses. The reason is stated that "Port Coquitlam's Riverview Hospital is being emptied, and the sick are being thrown to the coyotes".
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In April 1996, the Vancouver Management Resource Group stated that the Vancouver Health Board was in the process of developing a budget based on the assumption that decreases in federal transfer payments would mean a status quo or reduced budget overall for 1996/1997".
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The Greater Vancouver Mental Health Services had only 115 full-time workers, with over 4,000 patients in the same year. Ex-patients of Riverview were often left without help or financial aid, which caused them to flock toward the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver.
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cottages are still in use as transitional housing for patients from the Forensic Hospital, and the Brookside and Hillside buildings host a 35-bed residential rehabilitation and recovery program run by Coast Mental Health for patients with concurrent disorders.
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government sold 57 hectares (141 acres) of Riverview lands to Molnar Developments. Shortly afterward, this land was subdivided and became Riverview Heights, with about 250 single-family homes. In 1985, an acute geriatric unit was opened at Riverview Hospital.
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The 1990 "Mental Health Initiative" stated that the provincial government would invest $ 26 million in additional funding over the following ten years. But only the first payment was initiated, and in 1992, the second payment was eighteen months overdue.
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An orderly transitional period was deemed necessary for patients to be relocated to appropriate community settings with 'sufficient mental health staff and programs to monitor, follow-up, and promote their readjustment outside the institution" (22).
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skills/vocational); 310 additional residential care beds for mental health care, divided between intermediate and special adult residential treatment facilities; 60 psychiatric acute care beds to be added to the general hospital system (ibid).
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government purchased 1,000 acres (400 ha) in then-rural Coquitlam for the construction of Riverview Hospital and the adjacent Colony Farm lands. Construction of a temporary "Hospital for the Mind" began at the Riverview property in 1909.
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treat mental illness. Suggestion 14 states that general community services should play an important role in aiding those with mental illness. Recommendation 25 also enforces the role of general practitioners and community psychiatrists (30).
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In 2013, then-mayor of Maple Ridge stated that he was concerned with the number of people with mental illness who were living on the street in the Lower Mainland. His council pushed to re-open Riverview Hospital to help solve the problem.
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In 1924, the Acute Psychopathic Unit, later called Centre Lawn, opened. Several hospital staff lived at the remote site, and by 1927, this had grown into a small community called Essondale, which included shops, a school, and a fire hall.
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distinctly state that "The current level of financial resources at Riverview Hospital should be available for treatment, rehabilitation, and support of the mentally ill people transferred to community-based facilities and programs" (22).
605:
is a 1987 report that demonstrates the reasoning for closing Riverview Hospital, the intended community implementations of psychiatric services, and the necessary transitional procedures (the majority of which were never seen).
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By 1990, the decision had officially been made to reduce Riverview to a 358-bed facility, with the presumed intention of opening regional-care facilities throughout the province as stated in the Mental Health Initiative.
434:
opportunity to object before an incapability certificate is completed." The new rights of patients were implemented less than a decade before the hospital was entirely shut down. Also in 1992, the Crease Clinic closed.
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said that the program was of use to the patients, as they would need vocations when they were to resume life in the community. The shops were supposed to give them skills to work once discharged from the hospital.
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patients. In 1967, Davidson resigned as deputy minister and was replaced by F.G. Tucker, a resident physician of Essondale (Riverview) from 1953 who, in 1959, became the clinical director of the Crease Clinic.
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not indicate whether beds had been implemented for the patients who had already been discharged prior to the construction of the three new buildings that were immediately filled with then-Riverview patients.
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Also in 1992, the Riverview Horticultural Centre Society was formed to preserve the remnants of the botanical garden and to advocate for John Davidson's vision of psychological therapy through horticulture.
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Andrew Wan, a Kitsilano mental health worker, stated that in 1992, the conditions of privately run boarding homes are often no better than others. The places are run for profit, so they skim over expenses.
179:
591:
is a collection of stories and anecdotes from the staff of Riverview Hospital. The stories span the first years of Riverview's existence to its last years, prior to closure. It was published in 1992.
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331:
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on the hospital lands, often with the assistance of patients, as there existed a belief in the therapeutic value of this kind of work. The botanical garden was moved to the new
442:
2005, the East Lawn building closed, followed by the North Lawn building in 2007, and in 2012, the last patients were moved from Centre Lawn, and Riverview Hospital closed.
417:
In 1988, management of the hospital was officially transferred from the directors to a board of provincially appointed trustees. The shift was an anticipated one, as the
342:(1862–1939), who played an important role in establishing the facility. The neighbourhood where the hospital is located also became known as the Essondale neighbourhood.
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In 1994–95, expenditures on mental health services in BC were up by 34% over 1990–91. The BC government had invested the overdue money in the health care system.
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and was still in modern hospital conditions at the time. Conservationists had hopes to save it so that it could be reopened, but demolition went ahead.
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any transfers should be based on clinical assessment and that proper discussion with family members must take place (ibid).
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The vacant structures that used to form the hospital are now often used as filming locations. Shows and films such as
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Annual Report of the Mental Hospitals of the Province of British Columbia Tampico tmps, México for the Year 1913
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A Summary of the Growth and Development of Mental Health Facilities and Services in British Columbia:1850-1970
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have made use of the Riverview property to form sets depicting a variety of scenes. A significant portion of
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82:
1157:"Riverview Hospital to reopen with new $ 101-million mental health and addiction centre | Urbanized"
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983:. Victoria, British Columbia: Province of British Columbia; Office of the Ombudsman. 1994. p. 4.
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Riverview Hospital (June 1988). "Geriatric Psychiatry Division: Riverview Hospital". pp. 1–2.
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Demolition of the Valleyview building, one of the last buildings onsite to close, began in 2016.
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the Tuberculosis Unit (later called North Lawn) opened, marking the peak of patient residence.
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Joseph Noone, the clinical director psychiatrist-in-chief at Riverview in 1992, claimed that
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749:(Report). Victoria: Government of British Columbia. pp. 11, 17. 10.14288/1.0059887.
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1261:. Port Coquitlam, British Columbia: Volunteer Services, Home 106; Riverview Hospital.
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Home and family care were strongly recommended in the report for geriatric patients.
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363:
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In 1911, British Columbia's first Provincial Botanist, John Davidson, established an
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1188:
Martin, Eric (May 30, 1963). "Official Opening of the Industrial Therapy Building".
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with...Gaps in the community health care system are what need to be addressed".
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24:
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573:, including the initial and final battle sequences, was filmed at Centre Lawn.
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923:
Mental Health Consultation Report: A Draft Plan to Replace Riverview Hospital
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further downsizing of Riverview inpatient beds until the system stabilized.
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242:
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1099:"Milestones: Steps to completion of the Riverview Redevelopment Project"
1019:
Tomchenko, Sydney (June 25, 2003). "Riverview Hosts Stakeholder Forum".
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interaction and fast movement into the community and social situations.
1229:
788:"2 new mental health facilities coming to Riverview Lands: B.C. gov't"
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At one time, Riverview Hospital was known as Essondale Hospital, for
1323:
A Mental Health Plan for Vancouver: Health Management Resource Group
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1244:"We are fully booked, BC Housing says of Riverview filming action"
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1286:
1204:"Watchmen Filming at Vancouver Hospital – WatchmenComicMovie.com"
1325:. Vancouver, British Columbia: Health Management Resource Group.
1410:
Riverview Hospital clickable map and detailed building history
1338:"What Happened to Riverview Hospital Patients after it closed"
18:
1301:
Gould, Terry (June 1992). "Between Madhouse and Flophouse".
1394:"Green Scene: A disturbing demolition on Riverview grounds"
1143:"Red Fish Healing Centre for Mental Health & Addiction"
763:. BC Mental Health & Addiction Services. Archived from
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16:
Former mental health facility in British Columbia, Canada
330:, British Columbia. It operated under the governance of
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John Cumming; Mental Health Planning Survey (1979).
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1222:"Movies Filmed At Riverview Hospital — Movie Maps"
925:. Vancouver, British Columbia: Ministry of Health.
717:The building was altered for use in the 2014 film
839:. Vancouver, British Columbia: City of Vancouver.
374:in 1916, but the arboretum and nursery remained.
1364:"Reopening of Riverview Hospital not the Answer"
1362:Bev Gutray; Marina Morrow (September 27, 2013).
8:
853:BC Mental Health Society (August 30, 2004).
1035:"RIVERVIEW STORIES: An historical timeline"
952:Report of the Mental Health Planning Survey
645:BC Housing: A Vision for Renewing Riverview
419:Report of the Mental Health Planning Survey
883:. BC Mental Health Society. Archived from
668:A Draft Plan to Replace Riverview Hospital
603:A Draft Plan to Replace Riverview Hospital
597:A Draft Plan to Replace Riverview Hospital
400:A Draft Plan to Replace Riverview Hospital
163:2601 Lougheed Hwy, Coquitlam, BC V3C 4J2,
125:
1321:Health Management Resource Group (1996).
981:Listening: A Review of Riverview Hospital
965:Victoria (1998). "Riverview Board Gone".
857:. Victoria, BC: BC Mental Health Society.
431:Listening: A Review of Riverview Hospital
332:BC Mental Health & Addiction Services
134:BC Mental Health & Addiction Services
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
404:
1470:1878 establishments in British Columbia
954:. Victoria: Victoria, British Columbia.
742:Government of British Columbia (1914).
734:
1435:Government buildings completed in 1913
1440:Buildings and structures in Coquitlam
7:
1430:Hospital buildings completed in 1913
1425:Hospital buildings completed in 1878
1021:Provincial Health Services Authority
804:Botany John Virtual Museum Website:
476:Acute Geriatric Psychiatric Division
448:Canadian Register of Historic Places
446:Riverview Hospital was added to the
123:Hospital in British Columbia, Canada
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1336:Johnston, Jesse (August 29, 2013).
786:Woodward, Jon (December 17, 2015).
671:shipped out of Riverview annually.
595:Mental Health Consultation Report:
58:"Riverview Hospital" Coquitlam
14:
1273:"A-Vision-For-Renewing-Riverview"
761:"Riverview Redevelopment Project"
139:
23:
1450:Psychiatric hospitals in Canada
1101:. Fraser Health. Archived from
835:Ministry Health Branch (1970).
34:needs additional citations for
1067:Retrieved on February 15, 2009
1041:. July 5, 2012. Archived from
1023:. Vancouver, British Columbia.
372:University of British Columbia
1:
1475:Abandoned hospitals in Canada
1455:Hospitals established in 1913
1445:Hospitals in British Columbia
807:Retrieved on April 27, 2010,
1465:Defunct hospitals in Canada
1257:Riverview Hospital (1992).
921:Ministry of Health (1987).
467:Industrial Therapy Building
350:In 1876, Royal Hospital in
1491:
1208:www.watchmencomicmovie.com
875:BC Mental Health Society.
1175:"Red Fish Healing Centre"
816:Teachers Law Institutes:
150:
138:
133:
1065:Riverview Hospital Lands
820:Retrieved on May 2, 2009
698:were mentioned, either.
196:49.246544°N 122.805602°W
145:East Lawn Building, 2009
129:Riverview Mental Health
877:"History of BCMHS/RVH"
546:Motherland: Fort Salem
410:
324:mental health facility
201:49.246544; -122.805602
1305:. pp. 25–28, 48.
1105:on September 27, 2013
408:
1259:Riverview Reminisces
855:History of BCMHS/RVH
818:History of Riverview
589:Riverview Reminisces
583:Riverview Reminisces
552:The Butterfly Effect
462:Units before closure
429:In 1992, the report
255:Emergency department
43:improve this article
1129:Coast Mental Health
1063:City of Coquitlam:
558:Final Destination 2
409:Crease Clinic, 2009
312:Hospitals in Canada
191: /
1460:Arboreta in Canada
1232:on April 30, 2013.
1190:Minister of Health
881:online publication
767:on October 2, 2013
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320:Riverview Hospital
207:Riverview Hospital
1374:on March 26, 2014
1045:on March 26, 2014
654:Impact of closure
340:Henry Esson Young
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231:Medicare (Canada)
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1396:. June 23, 2016.
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32:This article
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1372:the original
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1342:news1130.com
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220:Organization
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1078:"Riverview"
504:The X Files
326:located in
276:Psychiatric
226:Care system
199: /
186:122°48′20″W
173:Coordinates
1419:Categories
891:August 30,
730:References
570:Deadpool 2
522:Smallville
243:Specialist
205: (
183:49°14′48″N
69:newspapers
1378:March 23,
1347:March 12,
1303:Vancouver
1125:"Housing"
540:Riverdale
360:arboretum
328:Coquitlam
298:July 2012
272:Specialty
155:Geography
1109:June 14,
1083:June 14,
1049:June 14,
999:rhcs.org
771:June 14,
720:Godzilla
492:Watchmen
366:, and a
352:Victoria
267:Over 800
249:Services
167:, Canada
160:Location
364:nursery
346:History
282:History
83:scholar
561:, and
295:Closed
287:Opened
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510:Arrow
308:Lists
303:Links
90:JSTOR
76:books
1380:2014
1349:2014
1111:2013
1085:2013
1051:2013
893:2004
773:2013
362:, a
264:Beds
238:Type
62:news
516:Elf
45:by
1421::
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