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670:, and the specific rules of that contest. As the first railway intended for passengers more than freight, the rules emphasised speed and would require reliability, but the weight of the locomotive was also tightly restricted. Six-wheeled locomotives were limited to six tons, four-wheeled locomotives to four and a half tons. In particular, the weight of the train expected to be hauled was to be no more than three times the actual weight of the locomotive. Stephenson realised that whatever the size of previously successful locomotives, this new contest would favour a fast, light locomotive of only moderate hauling power.
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655:. He was in daily charge of designing and constructing the new locomotive. Although he was in frequent contact with his father in Liverpool and probably received advice from him, it is difficult not to give the majority of the credit for the design to Robert. A third person who may deserve a significant amount of credit is
684:
On 20 April 1829, the board of the
Liverpool and Manchester Railway project passed a resolution for a competition to be held to prove their railway could be reliably operated by steam locomotives, there being advice from eminent engineers of the age that stationary engines would be required. A prize
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backhead and throatplate, with a drum wrapper (now missing), presumed to be of copper, between them. This gave a larger internal volume and encouraged better combustion within the firebox, rather than inside the tubes. These early fireboxes formed a separate water space from the boiler drum and were
1279:
rather than coal. Local landowners were already familiar with the dark clouds of smoke from coal-fired stationary engines and had imposed regulations on most new railways that locomotives would 'consume their own smoke'. The smoke from a burning coke fire was much cleaner than that from coal. It was
556:
was by no means the first steam locomotive, it was the first to bring together several innovations to produce the most advanced locomotive of its day. It is the most famous example of an evolving design of locomotives by
Stephenson that became the template for most steam engines in the following 150
727:
consistently and easily haul a carriage with over 20 persons up the
Whiston Incline at over 15 mph (24 km/h), and light engine running of around 30 mph (48 km/h). No other locomotive at the trials was able to achieve anything like the level of performance reliably, with partners
1552:
containing three coaches and crew members. It was produced until 1969 by Tri-ang Hornby. It was re-introduced to the Hornby range in 1982 until 1983 in Hornby
Railways packaging. However this 1982 re-introduced model was un-catalogued, and it was only available through exclusive retailers and from
903:
s cylinders and driving rods were removed and two of the engines were installed directly on its driving axle with a feedwater pump in between. On 22 October, of that year, an operational trial was held with disappointing results; one witness observing, that "the engine could not be made to draw a
1232:
had two cylinders set at angle from the horizontal, with the pistons driving a pair of 4 feet 8.5 inches (1.435 m) diameter wheels. Most previous designs had the cylinders positioned vertically, which gave the engines an uneven swaying motion as they progressed along the track.
1203:, feeding the exhaust steam from the cylinders into the base of the chimney so as to induce a partial vacuum and pull air through the fire. Credit for the invention of the blastpipe is disputed, though Stephenson used it as early as 1814. The blastpipe worked well on the multi-tube boiler of
1092: ton limit. Early locomotive designers had been concerned that the adhesion of a locomotive's driving wheels would be inadequate, but Stephenson's past experience convinced him that this would not be a problem, particularly with the light trains of the trials contest.
1252:
The firebox was separate from the boiler and was double walled, with a water jacket between them. Stephenson recognised that the hottest part of the boiler, and thus the most effective for evaporating water, was that surrounding the fire itself. This firebox was heated by
1167:
at
Rainhill. Their design though used a single fire-tube, folded in three. This offered an increased surface area, but only at the cost of a proportionately increased length and so poor draught on the fire. Its arrangement also made tube cleaning impractical.
1113:
had 25 copper fire-tubes that carried the hot exhaust gas from the firebox, through the wet boiler to the blast pipe and chimney. This arrangement resulted in a greatly increased surface contact area of hot pipe with boiler water when compared to a
1407:
1595:
with three coaches and crew members as part of their
Centenary range. It was available as a standard model and a limited edition with commemorative certificate of authentication in retro 1963 Hornby Centenary Tri-ang Railways packaging.
1207:
but on earlier designs with a single flue through the boiler it had created so much suction that it tended to rip the top off the fire and throw burning cinders out of the chimney, vastly increasing the fuel consumption.
2510:
1293:
s first firebox was of copper sheet and of a somewhat rectangular shape from the side. The throatplate was of firebrick, possibly the backhead too. When rebuilt around 1831, this was replaced by a
1508:
was built by
Locomotion Enterprises in the Springwell workshops at the Bowes Railway for the 150th anniversary celebrations. It first worked in public on a short length of track in front of the
1016:
at the rear. The large front pair of wooden wheels was driven by two external cylinders set at an angle of 38°. The smaller rear wheels were not coupled to the driving wheels, giving an 0-2-2
3222:
1020:. One of the cylinders drove a small 1.25 inch diameter feedwater pump which pumped water from the tender to the boiler, a valve could be adjusted to control the amount of water needed.
874:
were altered to a near-horizontal position, compared to the angled arrangement as new; the firebox capacity was enlarged and the shape simplified; and the locomotive was given a drum
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train of empty carriages". Due to inherent design flaws and engineering difficulties associated with their design, Lord
Dundonald's engines were simply too feeble for the task.
3227:
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175:
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of £500 was offered as an incentive to the winner, with strict conditions a locomotive would need to meet to enter the trial. Robert
Stephenson was able to report to
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Booth and
Stephensons sharing the £500 winnings, and perhaps more importantly the need for stationary engines being demonstrated as unnecessary with sceptics such as
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1318:
783:
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for 150 years, although in a form much modified from its state at the Rainhill Trials. In 2018, it was displayed first in Newcastle and then in Manchester at the
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passed the trial requirement of achieving an average speed of 10 mph (16 km/h) over 70 miles (110 km) by over 40 percent. Demonstrations also saw
998:
2183:
659:, the treasurer of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. He is believed to have suggested to Robert Stephenson that a multi-tube boiler should be used.
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1995:
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A cut-away static replica was built in 1935 and displayed for many years next to the original at London's Science Museum. In 1979, a further, working
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The advantages of the multiple-tube boiler were quickly recognised, even for heavy, slow freight locomotives. By 1830, Stephenson's past employee
893:
1146:
s boiler was of the more highly developed form, with the separate firebox and a blastpipe for draught, rather than Seguin's cumbersome fans, but
1761:
Smiles, Samuel. The Story of the Life of George Stephenson: Including a Memoir of His Son Robert Stephenson. United Kingdom, John Murray, 1873.
57:
44:
1118:. Additionally, radiant heating from the enlarged separate firebox helped deliver a further increase in steaming and hence boiler efficiency.
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and heavier rail have raised the track, leaving less headroom than in the 19th century. As of 2022, both of these replicas were based at the
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from 25 August to 2 September 1979, before going to Newcastle on 9 September, York on 16 October and running the measured mile, between
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on 15 September 1830 was a considerable event, drawing luminaries from the government and industry, including the Prime Minister, the
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Stephenson's most visible decision was to use a single pair of driving wheels, with a small carrying axle behind. This was the first
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2647:
2337:
2311:
2138:
2003:
1869:
1844:
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In 1834, the engine was selected for further (unsuccessful) modifications to test a newly developed rotary steam engine designed by
2432:
3182:
2823:
2129:
Liffen, John (2003). "The Patent Office Museum and the beginnings of railway locomotive preservation". In Lewis, M. J. T. (ed.).
1495:
644:
524:
464:
2759:
2351:
Richard, Gibbon. Stephenson's Rocket Manual: 1829 Onwards. United Kingdom, Haynes Publishing UK, 2016.
1780:
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was built at a time of rapid development of steam engine technology. It was based on experience gained from earlier designs by
2496:
3146:
3066:
2726:
1987:
1244:, the pistons were connected directly to the driving wheels, an arrangement which is found in subsequent steam locomotives.
1237:
was modified so that the cylinders were set close to horizontal, a layout that influenced nearly all designs that followed.
978:
1103:
uses a multi-tubular boiler design. Previous locomotive boilers consisted of a single pipe surrounded by water (though the
2524:
1752:
Dawson, Anthony. Locomotives of the Victorian Railway: The Early Days of Steam. United Kingdom, Amberley Publishing, 2019.
652:
124:
1012:
The locomotive had a tall 16 ft smokestack chimney at the front, a cylindrical boiler in the middle, and a separate
564:
in London until 2018, after which it was briefly exhibited at various sites around the U.K. until it came to rest at the
3187:
1158:
955:
950:
The locomotive still exists, though it has not been operated since becoming a museum exhibit. It was displayed at the
790:. The day started with a procession of eight trains setting out from Liverpool for Manchester. The parade was led by
1036:
was avoided and the second axle could be smaller and lightweight, as it only carried a small portion of the weight.
847:
Built as a prototype to win a speed trial, the engine was soon superseded by improved designs, such as Stephenson's
3177:
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2462:
987:
774:
3016:
1517:
1322:
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was being designed and built at the Forth Banks Works, he was living in Liverpool overseeing the building of the
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1432:
601:
2608:
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2785:
2418:
2250:
2020:
1529:
1463:. The subsequent whereabouts of the replica are unknown. There are, however, at least two other replicas of
959:
565:
528:
482:
49:
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and Rainhill, on the last two days at the Rocket 150 celebrations from 24 to 26 May 1980. It has a shorter
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878:. These arrangements can be seen in the engine today. Such are the changes in the engine from 1829 that
386:
376:
2094:
1770:
Richard, Gibbon. Stephenson's Rocket Manual: 1829 Onwards. United Kingdom, Haynes Publishing UK, 2016.
3118:
3075:
3045:
1667:
1359:
1163:
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and first single driver locomotive. The use of single drivers gave several advantages. The weight of
890:
729:
1815:"Stephenson's iconic Rocket to be displayed at Locomotion in Shildon | National Railway Museum"
1373:
854:
702:
546:
3133:
2913:
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2901:
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1513:
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was not the first multi-tubular boiler, although it remains unclear just whose invention it was.
944:
542:
1355:
At around the same time, Stephenson experimented with front-mounted cylinders. The unsuccessful
651:
had recently returned from a stint working in South America and resumed as managing director of
527:(L&MR), held in October 1829 to show that improved locomotives would be more efficient than
347:
1.6 m (17 sq ft) x 2 ft (0.61 m) width x 3 ft (0.91 m) height
90:
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538:
516:
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3008:
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2207:"'Stephenson Rocket at NRM': Stephenson's Rocket to be exhibited at National Railway Museum"
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There have been differences in opinion on who should be given the credit for designing
246:
213:
162:
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1455:
1440:
1410:
1154:
1033:
710:
221:
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1294:
1115:
807:
694:
927:, after service, until 1862 and its donation to the Patent Office Museum, London.
2327:
1121:
The original innovator of multiple fire-tubes is unclear, between Stephenson and
1078:
was heavier overall at 5 ton, and officially disqualified by being over the
17:
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2960:
1617:
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in the US, both built by Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns in 1929; one is at the
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1258:
1122:
1070:
686:
656:
287:
185:
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and that he also built two multi-tubular locomotives of his own design for the
958:
from 25 September 2018 to 8 September 2019. From 2019, it was displayed at the
271:
2 long tons 12 cwt 1 qr (5,850 lb or 2.65 t)
2789:
1814:
1582:
1557:
1262:
1216:
916:
749:
396:
2815:
2682:
2657:
2572:. Vol. 126, no. 949. London: IPC Transport Press. pp. 226–227.
2542:. Vol. 125, no. 942. London: IPC Transport Press. pp. 472–474.
1331:
design which were delivered to the Liverpool and Manchester railway included
825:
History between 1830 and 1840 is only vaguely documented. From 1830 to 1834,
1200:
991:
815:
266:
256:
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than the original to clear the bridge at Rainhill: successive additions of
1406:
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The benefits of increasing the fire-tube area had also been attempted with
882:
magazine, circa 1884, concluded that "it seems to us indisputable that the
35:
1327:(1830), by which time the cylinders were horizontal. Other engines of the
2768:
1480:
875:
2557:. Vol. 125, no. 942. London: IPC Transport Press. p. 508.
2470:
2388:
1591:
In 2020, Hornby announced a newly tooled 00 Gauge model of Stephenson's
1068: ton total weight onto its driving wheels, a higher axle load than
2808:
2184:"Stephenson's Rocket returns to Manchester for first time in 180 years"
1521:
1502:
967:
841:
573:
1280:
not until 30 years later and the development of the long firebox and
1588:
locomotive, with additional track and coaches available separately.
1317:
layout with rear-mounted cylinders built for the L&MR before it
1220:
A cutaway view of the cylinder and steam valve of the replica Rocket
1378:(1830) had internal front-mounted cylinders set to the horizontal.
2538:
Satow, M. G. (October 1979). Slater, J.N. (ed.). "Rocket reborn".
1426:
1405:
1386:
1369:
1356:
1314:
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that locomotives would be effectively able to burn coal directly.
1215:
1075:
1029:
997:
977:
773:
758:
739:
513:
167:
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and began the long trip to Rainhill: by horse wagon to Carlisle;
693:
had performed initial manufacturer tests with flying colours at
635:
had designed several locomotives before but none as advanced as
2819:
391:
8 in × 16.5 in (203 mm × 419 mm)
279:
4 long tons 5 cwt (9,500 lb or 4.3 t)
29:
2773:
magazine examines the differences between the 1829 and 1830
1958:
1956:
2790:"The Early Steam Train With No Brakes: Stephenson's Rocket"
2159:"'Our Elgin marbles': Stephenson's Rocket returns to north"
939:
was donated to the Patent Office Museum in London (now the
719:
steamer to Liverpool for re-assembly on 18 September 1829.
2433:"Robert Stephenson Stephensons Hawthorn Darlington Rocket"
1737:"Engineering Timelines – Rocket, Stephenson's locomotive"
1620: – Liverpool and Manchester Railway steam locomotive
2329:
The Engineering and History of "Rocket": A Survey Report
1125:. It is known that Seguin visited Stephenson to observe
2021:"Engineering and History of Robert Stephenson's Rocket"
2640:
The Liverpool and Manchester Railway Project 1821–1831
2359:
2357:
2247:
The Engineering and History of Rocket: A Survey Report
2228:
2226:
1883:
1881:
1748:
1746:
1449:. Two years later, the replica was used again in the
1313:
was followed by a number of other engines of similar
3086:
2894:
2854:
866:itself had been much modified to be similar to the
488:
478:
457:
452:
434:
426:
421:
405:
395:
385:
375:
367:
359:
351:
343:
335:
327:
309:
301:
293:
283:
275:
265:
255:
245:
220:
184:
173:
160:
151:
146:
130:
120:
112:
107:
81:
3152:History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830
2553:Slater, J.N., ed. (October 1979). "Notes + News".
2513:(JPG). Archived from the original on 5 March 2012.
2214:
1347:, all being delivered to the railway during 1830.
886:of 1829 and 1830 were totally different engines".
560:The locomotive was preserved and displayed in the
3223:Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
2152:
2150:
2060:. York: National Railway Museum/Science Museum.
2045:Supplement, No. 460, 25 October 1884, by Various
1692:
1690:
1688:
1671:would also bring a 0-2-2 arrangement to Rainhill
829:served on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.
1626: – Railroad steam locomotive built in 1829
1614: – British-built railroad steam locomotive
2245:Bailey, Michael R.; Glithero, John P. (2000).
2133:. London: Newcomen Society. pp. 202–220.
1608: – Seguin tubular steam locomotive (1829)
1298:connected by prominent external copper pipes.
568:in York. Since 2023, it has been based at the
2831:
1443:had a functioning replica built for the film
1368:, still had them at an angle. The successful
994:during the exhibition "Adler, Rocket and Co."
27:Steam locomotive by Robert Stephenson in 1829
8:
3213:Preserved steam locomotives of Great Britain
3208:Liverpool and Manchester Railway locomotives
2675:Liverpool & Manchester Railway 1830–1980
2568:Slater, J.N., ed. (May 1980). "Rocket 150".
2056:Bailey, Michael R; Glithero, John P (2002).
1632: – 1830 American-built steam locomotive
3228:Steam engines in the Science Museum, London
1974:
1962:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1899:
911:was sold for £300 and began service on the
2838:
2824:
2816:
794:driven by George Stephenson, and included
449:
418:
143:
104:
1321:on 15 September 1830, culminating in the
316:3 ft 4 in (1 m) diameter x
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1431:Rocket steam replica, Albert Hall and a
943:) by the Thompsons of Milton Hall, near
60:of all important aspects of the article.
3198:Individual locomotives of Great Britain
1801:
1684:
1642:
1485:Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago
3173:Railway locomotives introduced in 1829
2719:The Liverpool & Manchester Railway
2516:
2306:, vol. 3, BoD – Books on Demand,
1947:
363:25 3 in (76 mm) copper tubes
78:
56:Please consider expanding the lead to
2799:from the original on 11 December 2021
2781:Supplement, No. 460, 25 October 1884.
2363:
2285:
2273:
2232:
1887:
1494:seems to have been one depicted on a
810:. The day was marred by the death of
802:driven by his brother Robert Sr. and
7:
2378:, by Buster Keaton, Kevin W. Sweeney
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1703:. Rainhilltrials.com. Archived from
1653:was known by the Stephensons as the
409:flat slide valve with exhaust cavity
2642:. Newton Abbot: David and Charles.
2411:"Surviving Steam Locomotive Search"
962:, York, and is currently housed at
401:slip eccentric with manual override
2760:The Science Museum – Stephenson's
1490:The earliest full-size replica of
1413:made whimsical use of his replica
1394:design of 1833 made the design of
1364:, built in 1829 immediately after
840:near Brampton, in Cumberland (now
836:was used between 1836 and 1840 on
25:
2677:. England: Book Club Associates.
2493:"Stephenoson's Rocket 1829 Image"
2095:"Cochrane's Rotary Steam Engines"
986:in its original condition in the
371:15.2 m (164 sq ft)
355:12.8 m (138 sq ft)
261:7 ft 1 in (2.16 m)
251:2 ft 6 in (0.76 m)
3040:1829 Rainhill Trials locomotives
2700:Railways: Mechanical Engineering
2584:"Hornby Collectors Guide Rocket"
1496:London and North Western Railway
784:opening ceremony of the L&MR
645:Liverpool and Manchester Railway
525:Liverpool and Manchester Railway
465:Liverpool and Manchester Railway
323:x 0.25 in (6 mm) Thick
89:
34:
3203:Land speed record rail vehicles
2588:Hornby Railways Collector Guide
2041:The Project Gutenberg EBook of
1560:anniversary, Hornby launched a
1498:postcard (therefore pre-1923).
1459:, directed by Keaton's mentor,
919:that had recently converted to
832:After service on the L&MR,
818:, who was struck and killed by
814:, the Member of Parliament for
519:. It was built for and won the
48:may be too short to adequately
3147:History of steam road vehicles
2871:Murdoch's model steam carriage
2609:"Hornby 'Stephenson's Rocket'"
2080:Bailey; Glithero (2000: 35–37)
58:provide an accessible overview
1:
2205:Brown, Mark (8 August 2019).
1804:, pp. 214–215, 219, 223.
1548:released a 00 Gauge model of
970:, County Durham, since 2023.
806:driven by assistant engineer
653:Robert Stephenson and Company
331:50 lbf/in (340 kPa)
125:Robert Stephenson and Company
2902:The Coalbrookdale locomotive
2157:Brown, Mark (23 July 2018).
1994:. Lichfield, Staffordshire:
360: • Tubes and flues
305:6 sq ft (1 m)
3218:Rainhill Trials locomotives
2908:The Pen-y-Darren locomotive
2673:Ferneyhough, Frank (1980).
2332:, National Railway Museum,
1990:; Gordon, David A. (1978).
956:Science and Industry Museum
896:. At a cost of nearly £80,
381:Two, outside. Angled at 38°
319:6 ft (2 m) length
3244:
2721:. London: B. T. Batsford.
2304:The lives of the engineers
1864:. Tempus. pp. 32–33.
1783:. The Science Museum Group
1532:, York, with the original
1385:design and the subsequent
1265:from the hot exhaust gas.
1133:Saint-Étienne–Lyon railway
894:The 10th Earl of Dundonald
798:driven by his son Robert,
732:on the way to conversion.
677:
541:in 1829, and built at the
537:was designed and built by
430:30 mph (48 km/h)
368: • Total surface
95:A contemporary drawing of
3193:History of Northumberland
3142:
2717:Thomas, R. G. H. (1980).
2523:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2376:Buster Keaton: Interviews
689:on 5 September 1829 that
448:
417:
142:
103:
88:
2914:The Newcastle locomotive
2638:Carlson, Robert (1969).
2326:Bailey, Michael (2000),
1992:Lord Carlisle's Railways
1835:Burton, Anthony (1980).
1556:In 1980, as part of the
862:Within a few years, the
529:stationary steam engines
3183:Early steam locomotives
2298:Smiles, Samuel (1862),
2058:The Stephensons' Rocket
1530:National Railway Museum
1461:Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle
960:National Railway Museum
915:, a mineral railway in
859:designs, both of 1830.
838:Lord Carlisle's Railway
602:Killingworth locomotive
566:National Railway Museum
470:Lord Carlisle's Railway
302: • Grate area
241: in (1.435 m)
1630:Tom Thumb (locomotive)
1612:John Bull (locomotive)
1436:
1424:
1221:
1109:did have twin flues).
1009:
995:
923:. It remained here at
779:
771:
768:Science Museum, London
756:
3094:Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot
2885:London Steam Carriage
2698:Snell, J.B. (1973) .
2391:. IMDb. 12 April 1925
1781:"Stephenson's Rocket"
1430:
1409:
1381:Engines built to the
1219:
1212:Cylinders and pistons
1001:
981:
777:
762:
743:
3119:John Urpeth Rastrick
2463:"Chicago Area Steam"
2219:on 26 December 2021.
1860:Ross, David (2004).
1275:s era were fired by
1184:as the return-tubed
1175:had re-designed his
766:as preserved in the
744:A replica coach and
662:Stephenson designed
344: • Firebox
2779:Scientific American
2467:steamlocomotive.com
2443:on 14 February 2018
2415:steamlocomotive.com
2043:Scientific American
1862:The Willing Servant
1483:, the other at the
639:. At the time that
547:Newcastle upon Tyne
422:Performance figures
3188:English inventions
3134:Richard Trevithick
2977:Killingworth Billy
2777:, as reprinted in
2499:on 25 August 2011.
2116:"Brampton Railway"
1975:Ferneyhough (1980)
1963:Ferneyhough (1980)
1936:Ferneyhough (1980)
1924:Ferneyhough (1980)
1912:Ferneyhough (1980)
1900:Ferneyhough (1980)
1837:The Rainhill Story
1514:Kensington Gardens
1437:
1425:
1351:Subsequent designs
1222:
1074:, even though the
1054: tons of its
1010:
1002:Side elevation of
996:
788:Duke of Wellington
780:
772:
757:
701:was dismantled at
585:Prior developments
545:of his company in
543:Forth Street Works
352: • Tubes
3178:0-2-2 locomotives
3160:
3159:
3129:Robert Stephenson
3124:George Stephenson
3099:Timothy Hackworth
2848:steam locomotives
2788:(28 April 2014).
2288:, pp. 55–56.
2067:978-1-900747-49-3
1710:on 5 October 2013
1606:Locomotive Seguin
1553:Hornby directly.
1469:Henry Ford Museum
1306:-type locomotives
1257:from the glowing
1173:Timothy Hackworth
1116:single large flue
1040:placed just over
1018:wheel arrangement
964:Locomotion Museum
812:William Huskisson
633:George Stephenson
598:Robert Stephenson
570:Locomotion Museum
539:Robert Stephenson
517:wheel arrangement
500:
499:
496:
495:
492:On static display
444:
443:
413:
412:
138:
137:
75:
74:
18:Rocket locomotive
16:(Redirected from
3235:
3033:Stourbridge Lion
3009:Lancashire Witch
3001:The Royal George
2993:Locomotion No. 1
2921:Catch Me Who Can
2864:fardier à vapeur
2840:
2833:
2826:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2794:
2764:locomotive, 1829
2748:
2713:
2694:
2669:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2570:Railway Magazine
2565:
2559:
2558:
2555:Railway Magazine
2550:
2544:
2543:
2540:Railway Magazine
2535:
2529:
2528:
2522:
2514:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2495:. Archived from
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2469:. Archived from
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2439:. Archived from
2429:
2423:
2422:
2417:. Archived from
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2352:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2213:. Archived from
2211:NRM on Instagram
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2131:Early Railways 2
2126:
2120:
2119:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2053:
2047:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1984:
1978:
1977:, p. 56–57.
1972:
1966:
1960:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1832:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1672:
1663:
1657:
1647:
1624:Stourbridge Lion
1580:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1546:Tri-ang Railways
1292:
1274:
1242:Lancashire Witch
1226:Lancashire Witch
1145:
1106:Lancashire Witch
1091:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1008:
988:Transport Museum
921:Stephenson gauge
913:Brampton Railway
902:
616:Lancashire Witch
613:(1825); and the
600:, including the
510:steam locomotive
450:
419:
336:Heating surface:
240:
239:
235:
232:
216:
210:
206:
204:
203:
199:
196:
144:
105:
93:
79:
70:
67:
61:
38:
30:
21:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3138:
3109:William Murdoch
3082:
2890:
2850:
2844:
2802:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2756:
2751:
2729:
2716:
2710:
2697:
2672:
2650:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2473:on 13 July 2018
2461:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2421:on 21 May 2011.
2409:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2392:
2389:"The Iron Mule"
2387:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2370:
2362:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2297:
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2284:
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2272:
2268:
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2244:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2224:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2006:
1998:. p. 101.
1986:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1834:
1833:
1822:
1817:. 2 March 2023.
1813:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
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1765:
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1735:
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1676:
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1664:
1660:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1602:
1578:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1542:
1510:Albert Memorial
1446:Our Hospitality
1433:BEA Routemaster
1420:Our Hospitality
1404:
1353:
1308:
1290:
1272:
1268:Locomotives of
1250:
1240:Again like the
1214:
1194:
1143:
1098:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1026:
1006:
982:Replica of the
976:
933:
900:
738:
682:
680:Rainhill trials
676:
674:Rainhill trials
668:Rainhill trials
625:
587:
582:
521:Rainhill Trials
474:
436:Tractive effort
328:Boiler pressure
322:
237:
233:
230:
228:
212:
208:
201:
197:
194:
192:
191:4 ft
190:
153:
108:Type and origin
99:
71:
65:
62:
55:
43:This article's
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3241:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3165:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3114:Matthew Murray
3111:
3106:
3104:William Hedley
3101:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3013:
3005:
2997:
2989:
2988:(1817 or 1818)
2981:
2973:
2969:Steam Elephant
2965:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2925:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2874:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2782:
2766:
2755:
2754:External links
2752:
2750:
2749:
2727:
2714:
2708:
2695:
2670:
2648:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2626:
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2600:
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2545:
2530:
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2454:
2424:
2402:
2380:
2368:
2353:
2344:
2338:
2318:
2312:
2290:
2278:
2266:
2260:1-900-747-18-9
2259:
2253:. p. 17.
2251:Science Museum
2237:
2222:
2197:
2175:
2146:
2139:
2121:
2107:
2082:
2073:
2066:
2048:
2033:
2011:
2004:
1979:
1967:
1952:
1940:
1928:
1916:
1904:
1892:
1877:
1870:
1852:
1845:
1820:
1806:
1802:Carlson (1969)
1794:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1742:
1721:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1658:
1655:Premium Engine
1641:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1601:
1598:
1541:
1538:
1403:
1400:
1352:
1349:
1307:
1300:
1249:
1246:
1233:Subsequently,
1213:
1210:
1193:
1190:
1097:
1094:
1025:
1024:Driving wheels
1022:
975:
972:
952:Science Museum
941:Science Museum
932:
929:
737:
734:
678:Main article:
675:
672:
624:
621:
586:
583:
581:
578:
562:Science Museum
498:
497:
494:
493:
490:
486:
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483:Science Museum
480:
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473:
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214:standard gauge
188:
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157:
154:
152:Configuration:
149:
148:
147:Specifications
140:
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132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
101:
100:
94:
86:
85:
73:
72:
52:the key points
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3240:
3229:
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2939:
2938:
2937:Puffing Billy
2934:
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2923:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:Puffing Devil
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2841:
2836:
2834:
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2758:
2757:
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2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
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2724:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2709:0-09-908170-9
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
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2667:
2663:
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2649:0-7153-4646-6
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2412:
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2390:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2369:
2366:, p. 61.
2365:
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2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2339:9781900747189
2335:
2331:
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2319:
2315:
2313:9783867412681
2309:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2276:, p. 84.
2275:
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2256:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2238:
2235:, p. 60.
2234:
2229:
2227:
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2217:
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2208:
2201:
2198:
2186:. 23 May 2018
2185:
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2140:0-904685-13-6
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2022:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2005:0-901115-43-6
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1965:, p. 55.
1964:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1950:, p. 66.
1949:
1948:Thomas (1980)
1944:
1941:
1938:, p. 49.
1937:
1932:
1929:
1926:, p. 48.
1925:
1920:
1917:
1914:, p. 46.
1913:
1908:
1905:
1902:, p. 44.
1901:
1896:
1893:
1890:, p. 59.
1889:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1871:0-7524-2986-8
1867:
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1846:0-563-17841-8
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1473:Metro Detroit
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1456:The Iron Mule
1452:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1441:Buster Keaton
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1411:Buster Keaton
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830:
828:
823:
822:at Parkside.
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
778:A closer view
776:
769:
765:
761:
754:
752:
747:
742:
735:
733:
731:
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718:
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712:
711:Port Carlisle
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503:Stephenson's
491:
487:
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479:Current owner
477:
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451:
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439:
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433:
429:
427:Maximum speed
425:
420:
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408:
404:
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394:
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388:
387:Cylinder size
384:
380:
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248:
247:Trailing dia.
244:
226:
223:
219:
215:
209:1,435 mm
189:
187:
183:
179:
177:
174: •
172:
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37:
32:
31:
19:
3074:
3067:Perseverance
3065:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3031:
3023:
3017:Twin Sisters
3015:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2983:
2975:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2919:
2877:
2863:
2807:– via
2801:. Retrieved
2778:
2774:
2770:The Engineer
2769:
2761:
2718:
2699:
2674:
2639:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:
2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2587:
2578:
2569:
2563:
2554:
2548:
2539:
2533:
2505:
2497:the original
2487:
2475:. Retrieved
2471:the original
2466:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2441:the original
2436:
2427:
2419:the original
2414:
2405:
2393:. Retrieved
2383:
2375:
2371:
2364:Snell (1973)
2347:
2328:
2321:
2303:
2293:
2286:Snell (1973)
2281:
2274:Snell (1973)
2269:
2246:
2240:
2233:Snell (1973)
2216:the original
2210:
2200:
2188:. Retrieved
2178:
2166:. Retrieved
2163:The Guardian
2162:
2130:
2124:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2091:Douglas Self
2085:
2076:
2057:
2051:
2042:
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2019:Mel Draper.
2014:
1991:
1982:
1970:
1943:
1931:
1919:
1907:
1895:
1888:Snell (1973)
1861:
1855:
1836:
1809:
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1775:
1766:
1757:
1712:. Retrieved
1705:the original
1666:
1661:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1533:
1505:
1500:
1491:
1489:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1438:
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1414:
1395:
1390:
1382:
1380:
1374:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:Northumbrian
1323:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1295:wrought iron
1287:
1286:
1269:
1267:
1255:radiant heat
1251:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1204:
1199:also used a
1196:
1195:
1185:
1181:Royal George
1180:
1177:return-flued
1170:
1162:
1152:
1147:
1140:
1136:
1127:
1120:
1110:
1104:
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1099:
1069:
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1027:
1011:
1003:
983:
949:
936:
934:
931:Preservation
908:
906:
897:
888:
883:
880:The Engineer
879:
868:Northumbrian
867:
863:
861:
855:
850:Northumbrian
849:
846:
844:), England.
833:
831:
826:
824:
819:
808:Joseph Locke
803:
799:
795:
792:Northumbrian
791:
781:
763:
750:
745:
724:
720:
715:
713:then by the
698:
695:Killingworth
690:
683:
663:
661:
640:
636:
628:
626:
614:
608:
604:
589:
588:
559:
553:
551:
534:
533:
508:is an early
504:
502:
501:
96:
82:
76:
66:January 2024
63:
47:
45:lead section
3053:Sans Pareil
2961:Wylam Dilly
2945:Steam Horse
2026:16 November
1988:Webb, Brian
1787:11 November
1649:Originally
1618:LMR 57 Lion
1451:Al St. John
1435:bus in 1979
1372:locomotive
1261:, not just
1186:Wilberforce
1159:Braithwaite
1123:Marc Seguin
1071:Sans Pareil
870:class. The
687:Henry Booth
657:Henry Booth
489:Disposition
276:Loco weight
3167:Categories
2786:Scott, Tom
2728:0713405376
2631:References
2618:30 January
2613:Hornby.com
2593:30 January
2249:. London:
1583:live steam
1579:89 mm
1558:Rocket 150
1475:suburb of
1398:obsolete.
1282:brick arch
1263:convection
1128:Locomotion
917:Cumberland
800:North Star
716:Cumberland
647:. His son
623:Conception
610:Locomotion
406:Valve type
397:Valve gear
227:4 ft
131:Build date
113:Power type
3087:Designers
2929:Salamanca
2862:Cugnot's
2846:Pre-1830
2793:(youtube)
2702:. Arrow.
2683:656128257
2658:468636235
2437:enuii.com
1714:22 August
1679:Footnotes
1665:Although
1544:In 1963,
1518:Lea Green
1439:In 1923,
1224:Like the
1201:blastpipe
1192:Blastpipe
992:Nuremberg
935:In 1862,
907:In 1836,
872:cylinders
816:Liverpool
736:Operation
703:Newcastle
458:Operators
377:Cylinders
284:Fuel type
267:Axle load
257:Wheelbase
50:summarize
3025:Agenoria
2985:The Duke
2797:Archived
2745:6395958W
2691:5644661W
2666:4538910W
2519:cite web
2511:"Rocket"
1698:"Rocket"
1600:See also
1581:) gauge
1575: in
1481:Michigan
1477:Dearborn
1402:Replicas
1391:Patentee
1155:Ericsson
945:Brampton
876:smokebox
730:Rastrick
666:for the
619:(1828).
607:(1814);
339:
297:
294:Firebox:
205: in
156:
3076:Invicta
3046:Novelty
2953:Blücher
2895:Railway
2809:YouTube
2737:6355432
2477:14 July
2447:14 July
2395:14 July
2190:16 June
2168:23 July
2100:14 July
1839:. BBC.
1668:Novelty
1570:⁄
1526:ballast
1522:chimney
1503:replica
1471:in the
1361:Invicta
1248:Firebox
1188:class.
1164:Novelty
1135:before
1087:⁄
1063:⁄
1049:⁄
1014:firebox
1007:
968:Shildon
925:Tindale
891:Admiral
842:Cumbria
796:Phoenix
748:at the
707:lighter
605:Blücher
580:History
574:Shildon
557:years.
552:Though
523:of the
440:825 lbf
236:⁄
200:⁄
121:Builder
3079:(1829)
3060:Rocket
3036:(1829)
3028:(1829)
3020:(1829)
3012:(1828)
3004:(1827)
2996:(1825)
2980:(1816)
2972:(1815)
2964:(1815)
2956:(1814)
2948:(1813)
2940:(1813)
2932:(1812)
2924:(1808)
2916:(1805)
2910:(1804)
2904:(1802)
2887:(1803)
2881:(1801)
2873:(1784)
2867:(1769)
2803:3 July
2775:Rocket
2762:Rocket
2743:
2735:
2725:
2706:
2689:
2681:
2664:
2656:
2646:
2336:
2310:
2300:"ch 5"
2257:
2137:
2064:
2002:
1868:
1843:
1651:Rocket
1593:Rocket
1586:Rocket
1550:Rocket
1540:Models
1534:Rocket
1506:Rocket
1492:Rocket
1465:Rocket
1453:film,
1415:Rocket
1396:Rocket
1383:Planet
1375:Planet
1366:Rocket
1345:Meteor
1329:Rocket
1319:opened
1311:Rocket
1304:Rocket
1302:Other
1288:Rocket
1270:Rocket
1235:Rocket
1230:Rocket
1205:Rocket
1197:Rocket
1148:Rocket
1141:Rocket
1137:Rocket
1111:Rocket
1101:Rocket
1096:Boiler
1038:Rocket
1004:Rocket
984:Rocket
974:Design
937:Rocket
909:Rocket
898:Rocket
884:Rocket
864:Rocket
856:Planet
834:Rocket
827:Rocket
820:Rocket
804:Rocket
764:Rocket
751:Rocket
746:Rocket
725:Rocket
721:Rocket
699:Rocket
691:Rocket
664:Rocket
649:Robert
641:Rocket
637:Rocket
629:Rocket
594:George
590:Rocket
554:Rocket
535:Rocket
505:Rocket
453:Career
310:Boiler
222:Driver
97:Rocket
83:Rocket
1708:(PDF)
1701:(PDF)
1637:Notes
1387:2-2-2
1370:2-2-0
1357:0-4-0
1337:Comet
1333:Arrow
1315:0-2-2
1291:'
1273:'
1144:'
1076:0-4-0
1030:0-2-2
901:'
755:event
514:0-2-2
186:Gauge
180:A1 n2
168:0-2-2
163:Whyte
116:Steam
2855:Road
2805:2015
2733:OCLC
2723:ISBN
2704:ISBN
2679:OCLC
2654:OCLC
2644:ISBN
2620:2020
2595:2020
2525:link
2479:2018
2449:2018
2397:2018
2334:ISBN
2308:ISBN
2255:ISBN
2192:2019
2170:2018
2135:ISBN
2102:2018
2062:ISBN
2028:2010
2000:ISBN
1996:RCTS
1866:ISBN
1841:ISBN
1789:2018
1716:2012
1343:and
1341:Dart
1277:coke
1259:coke
1157:and
853:and
782:The
596:and
288:Coke
224:dia.
134:1829
1512:in
1417:in
1161:'s
990:in
966:in
753:150
709:to
572:in
512:of
176:UIC
3169::
2795:.
2741:OL
2739:.
2731:.
2687:OL
2685:.
2662:OL
2660:.
2652:.
2611:.
2586:.
2521:}}
2517:{{
2465:.
2435:.
2413:.
2356:^
2302:,
2225:^
2209:.
2161:.
2149:^
2093:.
1955:^
1880:^
1823:^
1745:^
1724:^
1687:^
1536:.
1487:.
1479:,
1339:,
1335:,
1228:,
1139:.
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531:.
211:)
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238:2
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231:+
229:8
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202:2
198:1
195:+
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
