466:
12 tons 15 cwt., and, with a few persons who rode, made it about 13 tons. The
Journey was 1.21 mile each way, with an additional length of 220 yards at each end to stop the engine in, making in one Journey 3 miles. The first experiment was of 35 miles, which is exactly ten journeys, and, including all the stoppages at the ends, was performed in 3 hours and 10 minutes, being upwards of 11 miles an hour. After this a fresh supply of water was taken in, which occupied 16 minutes, when the engine again started, and ran 35 miles in 2 hours and 52 minutes, which is upwards of 12 miles an hour, including all stoppages. The speed of the engine, with its load when in full motion, was from 14 to 17 miles an hour; and had the whole distance been in one continuing direction, there is no doubt but the result would have been 16 miles an hour. The consumption of coke was very moderate, not exceeding half a ton in the whole 70 miles. At several parts of the journey the engine moved at 18 miles an hour. SATURDAY – FIFTH DAY: In the expectation of witnessing the Novelty perform its appointed task, the attendance of company on the ground was more numerous today than it had been on several of the preceding days. Three times its own weight having been attached to the engine, the machine commenced its task, and performed it at the rate of 16 miles in the hour. Mr. Stephenson's engine, the Rocket, also exhibited today. Its tender was completely detached from it, and the engine alone shot along the road at the almost incredible rate of 32 miles in the hour. So astonishing was the celerity with which the engine, without its apparatus, darted past the spectators, that it could be compared to nothing hut the rapidity with which the swallow darts through the air. Their astonishment was complete, every one exclaiming involuntarily, "The power of steam".
33:
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110:. They had appointed George Stephenson as their engineer of the line in 1826, and he strongly advocated for the use of steam locomotives instead. As the railway was approaching completion, the directors decided to hold a competition to decide whether locomotives could be used to pull the trains; these became the Rainhill trials. A prize of £500 (equal to £55,577 today) was offered to the winner of the trials.
149:"The weight of the Locomotive Engine, with its full complement of water in the boiler, shall be ascertained at the Weighing Machine, by eight o'clock in the morning, and the load assigned to it shall be three times the weight thereof. The water in the boiler shall be cold, and there shall be no fuel in the fireplace. As much fuel shall be weighed, and as much water shall be measured and delivered into the
389:
689:
183:"As soon as the Engine has performed this task, (which will be equal to the travelling from Liverpool to Manchester,) there shall be a fresh supply of fuel and water delivered to her; and, as soon as she can be got ready to set out again, she shall go up to the Starting Post, and make ten trips more, which will be equal to the journey from Manchester back again to Liverpool."
426:, which was damaged in transit to the competition. Burstall spent the first five days of the trials repairing his locomotive, and though it ran on the sixth day, it failed to reach the required 10 miles per hour (16 km/h) speed and was withdrawn from the trial. It was granted a £25 consolation prize (equal to £2,779 today).
173:"The distance the Engine shall perform each trip shall be one mile and three quarters (2.8 km) each way, including one-eighth of a mile (200 m) at each end for getting up the speed and for stopping the train; by this means the Engine, with its load, will travel one and a-half mile (2.4 km) each way at full speed."
537:
day's parade commenced. At the same time, BR agreed to put a team of staff into the sidings at Bold to "straighten" the bent rails. Both activities were achieved on time and the Rocket ran successfully on the following two days of the Trials, though Sans Pareil was pushed by Lion and
Novelty was on a wagon hauled by
465:
THURSDAY – THIRD DAY: Mr. Stephenson's engine, "The Rocket," weighing 4 tons 3 cwt., performed, to-day, the work required by the original conditions. The following is a correct account of the performance: The engine, with its complement of water, weighed 4 tons 5 cwt., and the load attached to it was
432:
nearly completed the trials, though at first there was some doubt as to whether it would be allowed to compete as it was 300 pounds (140 kg) overweight. However, it did eventually complete eight trips before cracking a cylinder. Despite the failure it was purchased by the L&MR, where it ran
444:
which used advanced technology for 1829 and was lighter and considerably faster than the other locomotives in the competition. It was the crowd favourite and reached a then-astonishing 28 miles per hour (45 km/h) on the first day of competition. It later suffered damage to a boiler pipe which
412:
The length of the L&MR that ran past
Rainhill village was straight and level for over 1 mile (1.6 km), and was chosen as the site for the trials. The locomotives were to run at Kenrick's Cross, on the mile east from the Manchester side of Rainhill Bridge. Two or three locomotives ran each
536:
road transport company met a former colleague of the builder of the Rocket replica, at a
Liverpool Hotel and agreed that, in the early hours of the following morning, they would urgently manufacture some steel parts (wedges) in their nearby workshops, to fix the bent drive wheel before the second
452:
was the only locomotive that completed the trials. It averaged 12 miles per hour (19 km/h) and achieved a top speed of 30 miles per hour (48 km/h)) hauling 13 tons, and was declared the winner of the £500 prize (equal to £55,577 today). The
Stephensons were given the contract to produce
822:
This restaging should not be taken as accurate as there were major compromises made for television and because of the differences in crew experience, the fuel used, the modifications made to the replicas for modern safety rules, modern materials and construction methods, and following operating
153:, as the owner of the Engine may consider sufficient for the supply of the Engine for a journey of thirty-five miles. The fire in the boiler shall then be lighted, and the quantity of fuel consumed for getting up the steam shall be determined, and the time noted."
178:"The Engines shall make ten trips, which will be equal to a journey of 35 miles (56 km); thirty miles (48 km) whereof shall be performed at full speed, and the average rate of travelling shall not be less than ten miles per hour (16 km/h)."
168:"The Engine, with the carriages attached to it, shall be run by hand up to the Starting Post, and as soon as the steam is got up to fifty pounds per square inch (3.4 bar), the engine shall set out upon its journey."
801:
almost matched it in terms of efficiency, but its firebox design caused it to gradually slow to a halt due to a buildup of molten ash (called "clinker") cutting off the air supply. The restaged trials were run over the
445:
could not be fixed properly on site. Nevertheless, it ran the next day and reached 15 miles per hour (24 km/h) before the repaired pipe failed and damaged the engine severely enough that it had to be withdrawn.
413:
day, and several tests for each locomotive were performed over the course of six days. Between 10,000 and 15,000 people turned up to watch the trials and bands provided musical entertainment on both days.
419:
was the first to drop out of the competition. It used a horse walking on a drive belt for power and was withdrawn after an accident caused the horse to burst through the floor of the engine.
90:
was the only locomotive to complete the trials, and was declared the winner. The directors of the L&MR accepted that locomotives should operate services on their new line, and George and
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528:(plus coach). On the first day of the Trials, disaster struck. The Rocket, to the dismay of the many visitors, failed to run. It came off the rails as it was exiting the
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224:
Ten locomotives were officially entered for the trials, but on the day the competition began – 6 October 1829 – only five locomotives were available to run:
163:"Those engines which carry their own fuel and water, shall be allowed a proportionate deduction from their load, according to the weight of the Engine."
145:
The L&MR company set the rules for the trials. The rules went through several revisions; the final set, under which the competition was held, was:
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636:
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The 'Grand
Cavalcade' on each of the three days featured up to 40 steam and diesel locomotives and other examples of modern traction, including:
188:"The time of performing every trip shall be accurately noted, as well as the time occupied in getting ready to set out on the second journey."
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72:(L&MR). Ten locomotives were entered, of which five were able to compete, running along a 1 mile (1.6 km) length of level track at
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celebration was held to mark the 150th
Anniversary of the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway and the trials the year before.
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158:"The Tender Carriage, with the fuel and water, shall be considered to be, and taken as a part of the load assigned to the Engine."
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was tested on the
Whiston Incline and was able to haul eight tons up the 1:96 at 16 miles per hour (26 km/h) and 12 tons at
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experience. Sensible comparisons were made between the engines only after calculations took into account the differences.
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would still have won, as its relatively modern technology made it a much more reliable locomotive than the others.
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793:(10 out of 20 runs) completed the course. In calculating the speeds and fuel efficiencies, it was found that
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carried a full report of the trials on 12 October 1829 from which the following extract are taken:
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sidings and buckled the rim of one of its large drive wheels. That evening, senior staff from a
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Observations on the
Comparative Merits of Locomotive and Fixed Engines as Applied to Railways
961:(February 1830). "Account of the Competition for Locomotive Engines". Written at Liverpool.
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Illustrated
Catalogue of Locomotives Manufactured by the Dickson Manufacturing Company
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The directors of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway had originally intended to use
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In a 2002 restaging of the Rainhill trials using replica engines, neither
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1082:. Vol. 126, no. 951. London: IPC Transport Press. p. 349.
56:
was an important competition run from the 6 to 14 October 1829, to test
36:
Later conjectural drawing of the Rainhill trials. In the foreground is
851:, had an average speed of only about 8 miles per hour (13 km/h).
1233:
English Railways: Their Development and Their Relation to the State
870:
868:
807:
31:
1093:
Kingston, Patrick (July 1980). "An impression of "Rocket" 150".
847:
The only other passenger railway in the world at that time, the
520:
was built for the event, which was also attended by replicas of
94:
were given the contract to produce locomotives for the railway.
1348:
1078:
Slater, J.N., ed. (July 1980). "Repairs to "Rocket" replica".
991:
The Encyclopedia of the Industrial Revolution in World History
811:
682:
970:. Philadelphia: Carey & Lea (published 1831). p. 107
826:
The replicas had major differences from the 1829 originals.
639:', the last steam locomotive to be built by British Railways
1151:. London: Jane's Publishing Company Limited. p. 11.
1037:
Anon (12 October 1829). "Trial of locomotive carriages".
1178:
The Liverpool and Manchester Railway Project 1821–1831
913:
911:
909:
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miles per hour (20.1 km/h) up the 1:96 gradient.
565:
150 the oldest operable steam locomotive in existence
137:
cotton spinner and a major proponent of the railway.
1299:
Fire and Steam: how the railways transformed Britain
129:
with considerable locomotive design experience, and
1607:
1423:
1383:
1673:History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830
989:Hendrickson, III, Kenneth E. (25 November 2014).
874:
113:Three notable engineers were selected as judges:
1699:History of rail transport in the United Kingdom
573:, seven years older, was steamed again in 1981)
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667:were painted in a variation of the Large Logo
1360:
1341:Details of 2003 Timewatch episode at Highbeam
8:
1282:Liverpool & Manchester Railway 1830–1980
541:. As the line was then not electrified, the
1230:Cleveland-Stevens, Edward Carnegie (1915).
1024:
929:
545:was also pushed, but by the latest diesel,
1367:
1353:
1345:
1126:. Shepperton: Ian Allan Ltd. p. 133.
27:Locomotive motive power competition (1829)
1124:Motive Power Recognition :1 – Locomotives
1004:
1002:
1000:
773:Learn how and when to remove this message
671:livery where the BR logo was replaced by
433:for two years before being leased to the
1259:"The Rainhill Locomotive Trials of 1829"
993:. Vol. 3. Rowman & Littlefield.
941:
864:
840:
316:
106:to haul trains along the railway using
1051:
917:
709:Please improve this section by adding
233:, a horse-powered locomotive built by
887:BATRAK, OLEKSANDR (22 October 2020).
722:"Rainhill trials" restaging 2002
7:
1264:Transactions of the Newcomen Society
889:"The Rainhill Trials of locomotives"
440:The last locomotive to drop out was
1180:. Newton Abbot: David and Charles.
311:The entrants at the Rainhill trials
1097:. Vol. 126. pp. 313–317.
675:150 motif on a yellow background.
422:The next locomotive to retire was
25:
1284:. England: Book Club Associates.
810:, and were the subject of a 2003
567:(The British-built US locomotive
1694:Historic transport in Merseyside
1561:1829 Rainhill Trials locomotives
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387:
370:
353:
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319:
193:"The gauge of the railway to be
70:Liverpool and Manchester Railway
1207:. Stroud: Amberley Publishing.
1176:Carlson, Robert Eugene (1969).
849:Stockton and Darlington Railway
1668:History of steam road vehicles
1400:Murdoch's model steam carriage
539:LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0 5000
453:locomotives for the L&MR.
68:for the then nearly-completed
1:
711:secondary or tertiary sources
291:Robert Stephenson and Company
1431:The Coalbrookdale locomotive
1014:. M.B. Brown, printer. 1886.
1437:The Pen-y-Darren locomotive
1297:Wolmar, Christian (2008) .
1280:Ferneyhough, Frank (1980).
1257:Dendy Marshall, CF (1929).
1041:. Times Newspapers Limited.
343:Ericsson and Braithwaite's
117:, a locomotive engineer of
1730:
1301:. London: Atlantic Books.
1109:"Rocket 150 event leaflet"
475:After the Rainhill trials
40:and in the background are
1663:
125:, a mining engineer from
1443:The Newcastle locomotive
1203:Dawson, Anthony (2018).
789:(11 out of 20 runs) nor
643:LMS Princess Royal Class
543:Advanced Passenger Train
435:Bolton and Leigh Railway
104:stationary steam engines
1122:Marsden, Colin (1981).
637:No. 92220 'Evening Star
1704:1829 in rail transport
1025:Wolmar, Fire and Steam
875:Cleveland-Stevens 1915
698:relies excessively on
621:GWR 2551 Collett Goods
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1615:Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot
1414:London Steam Carriage
1339:Rocket and its Rivals
588:LMS 5XP Jubilee Class
269:locomotive, built by
235:Thomas Shaw Brandreth
35:
1640:John Urpeth Rastrick
633:BR Standard Class 9F
615:No. 4471 Green Arrow
245:, the world's first
115:John Urpeth Rastrick
64:would have the best
1714:October 1829 events
1205:The Rainhill Trials
1147:Nixon, Les (1983).
88:Stephenson's Rocket
1655:Richard Trevithick
1506:Killingworth Billy
955:Stephenson, Robert
804:Llangollen Railway
659:locomotives 86214
649:Princess Elizabeth
50:
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1650:Robert Stephenson
1645:George Stephenson
1620:Timothy Hackworth
1377:steam locomotives
1275:on 19 March 2006.
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627:LMS Ivatt Class 4
604:Sir Nigel Gresley
561:, at the time of
471:Additional trials
303:Timothy Hackworth
287:Robert Stephenson
267:Vertical boilered
92:Robert Stephenson
60:'s argument that
58:George Stephenson
16:(Redirected from
1721:
1554:Stourbridge Lion
1538:Lancashire Witch
1530:The Royal George
1522:Locomotion No. 1
1450:Catch Me Who Can
1393:fardier à vapeur
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1271:. Archived from
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590:4-6-0 No. 5690
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1236:. Routledge.
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931:
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718:Find sources:
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696:This section
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611:LNER Class V2
608:
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600:LNER Class A4
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578:LNER Class A3
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531:
530:Bold Colliery
527:
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516:A replica of
514:
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497:Re-enactments
496:
494:
478:
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378:Stephenson's
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251:John Ericsson
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213:1,435 mm
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123:Nicholas Wood
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19:
1595:
1588:Perseverance
1586:
1579:
1572:
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1552:
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1528:
1520:
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1504:
1496:
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1273:the original
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984:
972:. Retrieved
963:
949:
942:Carlson 1969
937:
925:
898:13 September
896:. Retrieved
892:
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476:
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429:
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424:Perseverance
423:
421:
416:
415:
411:
395:
394:Hackworth's
379:
363:Perseverance
361:
344:
327:
326:Brandreth's
296:
276:
262:Perseverance
260:
240:
228:
223:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
148:
144:
131:John Kennedy
127:Killingworth
112:
101:
86:
66:motive power
53:
51:
45:
44:(right) and
41:
37:
29:
1574:Sans Pareil
1490:Wylam Dilly
1474:Steam Horse
1052:Dawson 2018
918:Wolmar 2008
787:Sans Pareil
661:Sans Pareil
522:Sans Pareil
430:Sans Pareil
408:Competition
397:Sans Pareil
360:Burstall's
301:, built by
298:Sans Pareil
289:; built by
249:, built by
119:Stourbridge
62:locomotives
42:Sans Pareil
1688:Categories
1317:1149031665
1242:1044623771
1223:1020621317
830:References
763:March 2014
733:newspapers
700:references
663:and 86235
623:0-No. 3205
511:Rocket 150
135:Manchester
98:Background
82:Merseyside
78:Lancashire
1608:Designers
1458:Salamanca
1391:Cugnot's
1375:Pre-1830
1325:32099184M
1290:656128257
1250:24183356M
1196:832435892
1039:The Times
974:30 August
859:Footnotes
816:Timewatch
669:Rail Blue
647:No. 6201
570:John Bull
534:St Helens
458:The Times
1546:Agenoria
1514:The Duke
657:Class 86
547:Class 56
417:Cycloped
329:Cycloped
230:Cycloped
209: in
74:Rainhill
1597:Invicta
1567:Novelty
1482:Blücher
1424:Railway
1170:Sources
799:Novelty
791:Novelty
747:scholar
665:Novelty
635:2-10-0
593:Leander
549:, 077.
518:Novelty
488:⁄
442:Novelty
346:Novelty
242:Novelty
220:Entries
204:⁄
46:Novelty
1600:(1829)
1581:Rocket
1557:(1829)
1549:(1829)
1541:(1828)
1533:(1827)
1525:(1825)
1509:(1816)
1501:(1815)
1493:(1815)
1485:(1814)
1477:(1813)
1469:(1813)
1461:(1812)
1453:(1808)
1445:(1805)
1439:(1804)
1433:(1802)
1416:(1803)
1410:(1801)
1402:(1784)
1396:(1769)
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1315:
1305:
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1221:
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1194:
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795:Rocket
749:
742:
735:
728:
720:
673:Rocket
645:4-6-2
613:2-6-2
563:Rocket
526:Rocket
503:Rocket
477:Rocket
450:Rocket
380:Rocket
283:George
278:Rocket
108:cables
38:Rocket
968:(PDF)
835:Notes
808:Wales
754:JSTOR
740:books
141:Rules
80:(now
76:, in
1384:Road
1313:OCLC
1303:ISBN
1286:OCLC
1238:OCLC
1219:OCLC
1209:ISBN
1192:OCLC
1182:ISBN
1153:ISBN
1128:ISBN
976:2008
900:2022
726:news
655:Two
558:Lion
524:and
448:The
285:and
265:, a
253:and
133:, a
52:The
812:BBC
702:to
505:150
215:)."
84:).
1690::
1321:OL
1319:.
1311:.
1267:.
1261:.
1246:OL
1244:.
1217:.
1190:.
999:^
957:;
908:^
891:.
867:^
806:,
713:.
481:12
437:.
121:,
1368:e
1361:t
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1269:9
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1067:.
978:.
902:.
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770:(
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761:(
751:·
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486:1
483:+
305:.
293:.
273:.
257:.
237:.
211:(
206:2
202:1
199:+
197:8
48:.
20:)
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