114:
146:
386:
1942:
1093:
447:, legs built for running, flattened body and heavily veined wings with the distinct arched CuP-vein so typical of modern cockroach wings. Like modern cockroaches, the roachids were probably swift litter inhabitants living on a wide range of dead plant and animal matter.
2003:
462:) separating them from their primitive ancestors. Some of the roachoid species could reach relatively large sizes compared to most of their modern relatives, like
687:"Spinaeblattina myanmarensis gen. et sp. nov. and Blattoothecichnus argenteus ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov. (both Mesoblattinidae) from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber"
996:
431:
assemblage of primitive relatives. The youngest known roachoids date to the
Cretaceous, by which time they were rare compared to modern cockroaches.
2041:
671:
Grimaldi, D (1997): A fossil mantis (Insecta: Mantoidea) in
Cretaceous amber of New Jersey, with comments on early history of Dictyoptera.
958:"THE LATE PENNSYLVANIAN NEARSHORE INSECT FAUNA OF THE KINNEY BRICK QUARRY INVERTEBRATE AND VERTEBRATE FOSSIL LAGERSTĂ„TTE, NEW MEXICO"
728:
989:
942:
Stratigraphy and paleontology of
Cemetery Hill (Desmoinesian-Missourian: Upper Carboniferous), Columbiana County, eastern Ohio
2046:
2031:
798:
Schneider, J. (1983): Die
Blattodea (Insecta) des Paleozoicums, Teil II, Morphogenese des FlĂĽgelstrukturen und Phylogenie.
411:. However, since the middle of the 20th century it has been known that the primitive cockroach insects found fossilized in
940:
2051:
2036:
813:"Evolution of reproductive strategies in dictyopteran insects – clues from ovipositor morphology of extinct roachoids"
145:
369:). They generally resemble cockroaches, but most members, unlike modern dictyopterans, have generally long external
982:
500:
900:"The Early History of Giant Cockroaches: Gyroblattids and Necymylacrids (Blattodea) of the Late Carboniferous"
113:
742:"Atypical 'long-tailed' cockroaches arose during Cretaceous in response to angiosperm terrestrial revolution"
1626:
1971:
1008:
532:
Correia, Pedro; Pereira, Sofia; Cavaleiro, Marco; Correia, Miguel; Sá, Artur A.; Nel, André (2022-02-06).
264:
288:
1877:
723:
Grimaldi, D. & M. S. Engel, Michael (2005): Evolution of the
Insects, Cambridge University Press,
391:
256:
232:
1819:
1799:
861:
464:
280:
224:
123:
1892:
662:
Guthrie, D. M. & A. R. Tindal (1968): The
Biology of the Cockroach. St. Martin's Press, New York
617:
439:
The fossils assigned to the "roachoids" are of general cockroach-like build, with a large disc-like
419:. The origin of these groups from a blattopteran stock are now generally thought to be in the Early
396:
272:
240:
494:
1907:
470:
1917:
1839:
1814:
706:
686:
645:
561:
140:
248:
1834:
1867:
921:
877:
834:
781:
763:
724:
637:
598:
553:
444:
581:"Palaeozoic insect nymphs: new finds from the Piesberg quarry (Upper Carboniferous, Germany)"
2008:
1809:
1660:
1346:
911:
869:
824:
771:
753:
698:
629:
588:
545:
366:
385:
1887:
1804:
1794:
1771:
1338:
865:
812:
776:
741:
1946:
1902:
1897:
1882:
1829:
1432:
2025:
1857:
1849:
1075:
1067:
957:
710:
649:
633:
565:
513:
498:
having wings reaching 7.5 centimetres (3 in), close to modern largest cockroach
475:
408:
70:
1789:
1562:
1539:
1531:
1473:
1428:
1260:
1203:
1032:
956:
Schneider, Joerg; Scholze, Frank; Germann, Sebastian; Lucas, Spencer (2021-04-16).
459:
428:
415:
strata are the forerunners not only of modern cockroaches and termites but also of
197:
702:
549:
1953:
853:
1912:
1844:
1776:
1731:
1677:
1578:
1508:
1359:
1297:
1173:
533:
354:
323:
207:
45:
1994:
534:"The first poroblattinid roachoid from the uppermost Carboniferous of Portugal"
1862:
1586:
1396:
1305:
1289:
1273:
1101:
451:
450:
Contrary to modern forms, female roachoids all have a well-developed external
424:
412:
370:
350:
300:
90:
55:
925:
881:
873:
838:
767:
641:
602:
593:
580:
557:
1824:
1668:
1628:
1603:
1456:
1367:
1326:
1313:
1144:
1131:
1092:
1026:
358:
310:
177:
157:
95:
829:
785:
1988:
1872:
1570:
1440:
1232:
1038:
440:
420:
315:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
17:
1941:
758:
1211:
455:
404:
374:
362:
100:
75:
916:
899:
427:. Thus the “Palaeozoic cockroaches” are not cockroaches per se, but a
1548:
1448:
1375:
1281:
1190:
1182:
1020:
1005:
811:
Hörnig, Marie; Haug, Carolin; Schneider, Jörg; Haug, Joachim (2018).
416:
187:
167:
1965:
454:. They probably inserted eggs into substrate. The egg pods, called
384:
1636:
974:
1969:
1756:
1051:
978:
1646:
579:
Haug, J.T.; Leipner, A.; Wappler, T.; Haug, C. (2013-10-31).
423:; the earliest modern cockroaches appeared during the Early
403:
Cockroaches are popularly thought to be an ancient order of
854:"Some new structural characters of Paleozoic cockroaches"
399:) in ventral view, showing prominent external ovipositor
1589:(net-winged insects: lacewings, mantidflies, antlions)
458:, seen in modern dictyopterans is a new shared trait (
618:"Disambiguating the scientific names of cockroaches"
320:
285:
277:
269:
261:
253:
245:
237:
229:
221:
1978:
1659:
1617:
1602:
1561:
1530:
1521:
1472:
1426:
1395:
1358:
1325:
1258:
1231:
1202:
1181:
1172:
1143:
1100:
1066:
299:
213:
139:
34:
962:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
800:Freiberger Forchnungshefte, Reie C 391. pp 5-34
990:
135:from the Late Carboniferous of North America
8:
898:Schneider, Joerg W.; Rößler, Ronny (2023).
492: in) in total length, and the largest
1966:
1764:
1753:
1614:
1527:
1500:
1423:
1419:
1266:
1255:
1251:
1178:
1169:
1165:
1124:
1063:
1059:
1048:
997:
983:
975:
740:Li, Xin-Ran; Huang, Di-Ying (2023-03-29).
112:
31:
915:
828:
775:
757:
592:
303:included but traditionally excluded taxa
1718:Four most speciose orders are marked in
1308:(crickets, wetas, grasshoppers, locusts)
524:
389:Interpretive drawing of a specimen of
893:
891:
852:Sellards, Elias Howard (1903-04-01).
27:Extinct paraphyletic group of insects
7:
1581:(alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies)
945:(Thesis). The Ohio State University.
373:, and are thought not to have laid
41:Late Carboniferous–Late Cretaceous
25:
1940:
1091:
634:10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.4.13
443:covering most of the head, long
144:
2042:Carboniferous first appearances
1:
1511:(sawflies, wasps, ants, bees)
817:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
703:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.02.026
550:10.1080/08912963.2022.2032030
357:(the group containing modern
1459:(cicadas, aphids, true bugs)
939:Easterday, Cary Ray (2004).
685:Hinkelman, Jan (July 2019).
478:reach around 9 centimetres (
407:, with their origins in the
858:American Journal of Science
377:like modern dictyopterans.
2068:
1649:(gnats, mosquitoes, flies)
1542:(twisted-winged parasites)
1214:(dragonflies, damselflies)
1934:
1767:
1763:
1752:
1714:
1503:
1422:
1269:
1254:
1168:
1127:
1089:
1062:
1058:
1047:
1015:
673:American Museum Novitates
616:Li, Xinran (2019-08-30).
392:Anthracoblattina ensifera
307:
218:
141:Scientific classification
120:
111:
1300:(stick and leaf insects)
874:10.2475/ajs.s4-15.88.307
594:10.3140/bull.geosci.1401
501:Megaloblatta longipennis
1727:are paraphyletic groups
1370:(cockroaches, termites)
1134:(silverfish, firebrats)
860:. s4-15 (88): 307–315.
585:Bulletin of Geosciences
1078:(jumping bristletails)
830:10.4202/app.00324.2016
400:
2047:Lopingian extinctions
2032:Extinct insect orders
388:
349:, are members of the
1680:(moths, butterflies)
2052:Paraphyletic groups
2037:Prehistoric insects
866:1903AmJS...15..307S
759:10.7717/peerj.15067
691:Cretaceous Research
381:Systematic position
265:Neorthroblattinidae
1947:Insects portal
1918:Triadophlebioptera
538:Historical Biology
435:Anatomy and habits
401:
337:", also known as "
121:Reconstruction of
2019:
2018:
1972:Taxon identifiers
1963:
1962:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1868:Palaeodictyoptera
1853:
1785:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1672:
1650:
1640:
1632:
1610:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1582:
1574:
1552:
1543:
1512:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1379:
1371:
1350:
1347:Mantophasmatodea
1342:
1331:
1317:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1194:
1183:Ephemeropteroidea
1135:
1087:
1086:
1079:
917:10.3390/d15030429
331:
330:
289:Ensiferoblattidae
106:
16:(Redirected from
2059:
2012:
2011:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1967:
1945:
1944:
1878:Permoplectoptera
1851:
1810:Diaphanopterodea
1783:
1765:
1754:
1679:
1670:
1661:Amphiesmenoptera
1648:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1588:
1580:
1572:
1550:
1541:
1528:
1524:
1510:
1501:
1458:
1450:
1443:(barklice, lice)
1442:
1434:
1424:
1420:
1377:
1369:
1348:
1340:
1339:Grylloblattodea
1329:
1315:
1307:
1299:
1291:
1283:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1252:
1213:
1192:
1179:
1170:
1166:
1133:
1125:
1095:
1077:
1064:
1060:
1049:
999:
992:
985:
976:
970:
969:
953:
947:
946:
936:
930:
929:
919:
895:
886:
885:
849:
843:
842:
832:
808:
802:
796:
790:
789:
779:
761:
737:
731:
721:
715:
714:
682:
676:
669:
663:
660:
654:
653:
622:Palaeoentomology
613:
607:
606:
596:
576:
570:
569:
529:
491:
490:
486:
483:
367:praying mantises
322:
287:
279:
271:
263:
257:Spiloblattinidae
255:
247:
239:
233:Archoblattinidae
231:
223:
149:
148:
116:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
37:
32:
21:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2007:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1974:
1964:
1959:
1939:
1922:
1888:Protelytroptera
1820:Eudiaphanoptera
1805:Coxoplectoptera
1800:Carbotriplurida
1795:Campylopteridae
1772:Aethiocarenodea
1759:
1740:
1686:
1655:
1631:(scorpionflies)
1618:
1607:
1605:
1594:
1557:
1522:
1517:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1464:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1383:
1354:
1328:
1321:
1316:(angel insects)
1259:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1219:
1198:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1139:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1096:
1083:
1054:
1043:
1011:
1003:
973:
955:
954:
950:
938:
937:
933:
897:
896:
889:
851:
850:
846:
810:
809:
805:
797:
793:
739:
738:
734:
722:
718:
684:
683:
679:
670:
666:
661:
657:
615:
614:
610:
578:
577:
573:
531:
530:
526:
522:
510:
488:
484:
481:
479:
465:Progonoblattina
437:
383:
281:Compsoblattidae
225:Poroblattinidae
143:
124:Progonoblattina
107:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2000:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1903:Protozygoptera
1900:
1898:Protorthoptera
1895:
1893:Protephemerida
1890:
1885:
1883:Protanisoptera
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1852:(griffinflies)
1850:Meganisoptera
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1830:Glosselytrodea
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1722:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1674:
1665:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1623:
1621:
1612:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1576:
1571:Raphidioptera
1567:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1545:
1536:
1534:
1525:
1523:Neuropteroidea
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1504:
1498:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1417:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1344:
1341:(ice-crawlers)
1335:
1333:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1270:
1264:
1249:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:Ephemeroptera
1187:
1185:
1176:
1163:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1128:
1122:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:Archaeognatha
1072:
1070:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1004:
1002:
1001:
994:
987:
979:
972:
971:
948:
931:
887:
844:
803:
791:
732:
716:
677:
664:
655:
628:(4): 390–402.
608:
571:
544:(2): 242–248.
523:
521:
518:
517:
516:
509:
506:
436:
433:
397:Phyloblattidae
382:
379:
329:
328:
327:
326:
318:
313:
305:
304:
297:
296:
292:
291:
283:
275:
273:Necymylacridae
267:
259:
251:
243:
241:Phyloblattidae
235:
227:
216:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
136:
118:
117:
109:
108:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2064:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1858:Megasecoptera
1856:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1751:
1737:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1671:(caddisflies)
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1637:Siphonaptera
1634:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:(Mecopterida)
1601:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1540:Strepsiptera
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1471:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1449:Thysanoptera
1447:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1394:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1292:(webspinners)
1288:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1230:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
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1123:
1121:
1099:
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986:
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867:
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836:
831:
826:
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795:
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787:
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778:
773:
769:
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747:
743:
736:
733:
730:
729:0-521-82149-5
726:
720:
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688:
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659:
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647:
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635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
612:
609:
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582:
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572:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
528:
525:
519:
515:
514:Archimylacris
512:
511:
507:
505:
503:
502:
497:
496:
495:Opsiomylacris
477:
476:Carboniferous
473:
472:
467:
466:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
434:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
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409:Carboniferous
406:
398:
394:
393:
387:
380:
378:
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372:
368:
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352:
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301:Cladistically
298:
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294:Among others
290:
284:
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214:Subdivisions
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138:
134:
130:
129:Archoblattina
126:
125:
119:
115:
110:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
1979:
1952:
1938:
1908:Syntonoptera
1790:Caloneurodea
1782:Blattoptera
1781:
1733:
1724:
1719:
1678:Lepidoptera
1676:
1669:Trichoptera
1645:
1627:
1579:Megaloptera
1573:(snakeflies)
1563:Neuropterida
1547:
1532:Coleopterida
1509:Hymenoptera
1507:
1429:Paraneoptera
1427:
1349:(gladiators)
1298:Phasmatodea
1276:(stoneflies)
1261:Polyneoptera
1204:Odonatoptera
1068:Monocondylia
1033:Pancrustacea
1031:(unranked):
965:
961:
951:
941:
934:
907:
903:
857:
847:
820:
816:
806:
799:
794:
749:
745:
735:
719:
694:
690:
680:
672:
667:
658:
625:
621:
611:
584:
574:
541:
537:
527:
499:
493:
471:Necymylacris
469:
463:
460:synapomorphy
449:
438:
429:paraphyletic
402:
390:
346:
342:
338:
334:
332:
293:
204:Superorder:
198:Polyneoptera
132:
128:
122:
29:
1980:Blattoptera
1954:Wikispecies
1913:Titanoptera
1845:Lapeyriidae
1840:Hypoperlida
1815:Eoblattodea
1784:(roachoids)
1777:Archodonata
1619:Antliophora
1587:Neuroptera
1549:Coleoptera
1360:Dictyoptera
1330:(Xenonomia)
1306:Orthoptera
1290:Embioptera
1282:Dermaptera
1274:Plecoptera
1174:Palaeoptera
1037:Subphylum:
697:: 229–239.
587:: 779–791.
371:ovipositors
359:cockroaches
355:Dictyoptera
347:Eoblattodea
324:Alienoptera
208:Dictyoptera
2026:Categories
1863:Miomoptera
1629:Mecoptera
1457:Hemiptera
1378:(mantises)
1368:Blattodea
1314:Zoraptera
1193:(mayflies)
1132:Zygentoma
1027:Arthropoda
910:(3): 429.
752:: e15067.
675:3204: 1–11
520:References
452:ovipositor
425:Cretaceous
413:Palaeozoic
351:stem group
249:Mylacridae
178:Arthropoda
1835:Heraridea
1825:Geroptera
1730:Based on
1604:Panorpida
1551:(beetles)
1441:Psocodea
1376:Mantodea
1327:Notoptera
1284:(earwigs)
1019:Kingdom:
926:1424-2818
904:Diversity
882:0002-9599
839:0567-7920
768:2167-8359
711:134700289
650:202789239
642:2624-2834
603:1802-8225
566:246664148
558:0891-2963
343:Blattoids
335:Roachoids
311:Blattodea
164:Kingdom:
158:Eukaryota
18:Roachoids
1995:Q4925531
1989:Wikidata
1873:Paoliida
1647:Diptera
1451:(thrips)
1212:Odonata
1039:Hexapoda
1025:Phylum:
1021:Animalia
786:37013144
777:10066690
508:See also
445:antennae
441:pronotum
421:Jurassic
417:mantises
363:termites
339:Roachids
316:Mantodea
194:Cohort:
174:Phylum:
168:Animalia
154:Domain:
133:beecheri
35:Roachoid
1758:Extinct
1732:Sasaki
1639:(fleas)
1433: *
862:Bibcode
487:⁄
456:ootheca
405:insects
375:ootheca
188:Insecta
184:Class:
1736:(2013)
1734:et al.
1725:Italic
1053:Extant
1009:orders
1006:Insect
924:
880:
837:
784:
774:
766:
727:
709:
648:
640:
601:
564:
556:
2009:11190
2004:IRMNG
746:PeerJ
707:S2CID
646:S2CID
562:S2CID
474:from
345:" or
1720:bold
922:ISSN
878:ISSN
835:ISSN
782:PMID
764:ISSN
725:ISBN
638:ISSN
599:ISSN
554:ISSN
468:and
365:and
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46:Preęž’
912:doi
870:doi
825:doi
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1991::
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