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terrain. They dig their own burrows in sand or loose soil. During the day, the animal stays hidden to reduce water loss from heat. The coconut crabs' burrows contain very fine yet strong fibres of the coconut husk which the animal uses as bedding. While resting in its burrow, the coconut crab closes the entrances with one of its claws to create the moist microclimate within the burrow, which is necessary for the functioning of its breathing organs. In areas with a large coconut crab population, some may come out during the day, perhaps to gain an advantage in the search for food. Other times, they emerge if it is moist or raining, since these conditions allow them to breathe more easily. They live almost exclusively on land, returning to the sea only to release their eggs; on
650:
713:-like chelae at the end allowing young coconut crabs to grip the inside of the shell or coconut husks that juveniles habitually carry for protection. Adults use this pair for walking and climbing. The last pair of legs is very small and is used by females to tend their eggs and by the males in mating. This last pair of legs is usually held in the cavity containing the breathing organs, inside the carapace. Some difference in color occurs between individuals found on different islands, ranging from orange-red to purplish blue, In most regions, blue is the predominant color, but in some places such as the
791:
317:
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164:
120:
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significant part of its diet. Although it lives in a burrow, the crab has been filmed climbing coconut and pandanus trees. No film shows a crab selectively picking coconut fruit, though they might dislodge ripe fruit that otherwise would fall naturally. When a crab is not near its burrow, climbing is an immediate escape route from predators. Sea birds eat young crabs, and both humans and larger, older crabs eat crabs of all ages.
4249:
139:
4237:
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occurs on land in crevices or burrows near the shore. The female lays her eggs shortly after mating and glues them to the underside of her abdomen, carrying the fertilised eggs underneath her body for a few months. At the time of hatching, the female coconut crab migrates to the seashore and releases
1298:
Coconut crabs are considered one of the most terrestrial-adapted of the decapods, with most aspects of its life oriented to, and centered around such an existence; they will actually drown in sea water in less than a day. Coconut crabs live alone in burrows and rock crevices, depending on the local
1269:
nut, take it with its claw, climb up a tree 10 m (33 ft) high and drop the husk nut, to access the coconut flesh inside. They often descend from the trees by falling, and can survive a fall of at least 4.5 m (15 ft) unhurt. Coconut crabs cut holes into coconuts with their strong
938:
into the ocean. The coconut crab takes a large risk while laying the eggs, because coconut crabs cannot swim: If a coconut crab falls into the water or is swept away, its weight makes it difficult, or impossible, for it to swim back to dry land. The egg laying usually takes place on rocky shores at
845:
Coconut crabs use their hindmost, smallest pair of legs to clean these breathing organs and to moisten them with water. The organs require water to properly function, and the coconut crab provides this by stroking its wet legs over the spongy tissues nearby. Coconut crabs may drink water from small
513:
and other organic matter opportunistically. Anything left unattended on the ground is a potential source of food, which they will investigate and may carry away β thereby getting the alternative name of "robber crab". The species is popularly associated with the coconut palm, yet coconuts are not a
1276:
discussed the behaviour in 1877, doubting that the animal would climb trees to get at the coconuts. As late as the 1970s there were doubts about the crab's ability to open coconuts. In the 1980s, Holger Rumpf was able to confirm
Streets' report, observing and studying how they open coconuts in the
529:
is reached after about 5 years, and the total lifespan may be over 60 years. In the 3β4 weeks that the larvae remain at sea, their chances of reaching another suitable location is enhanced if a floating life support system avails itself to them. Examples of the systems that provide
1281:
pores, the group of three small circles found on the outside of the coconut. Once the pores are visible, the coconut crab bangs its pincers on one of them until it breaks. Afterwards, it turns around and uses the smaller pincers on its other legs to pull out the white flesh of the coconut. Using
969:
Upon reaching the glaucothoe stage of development, they settle to the bottom, find and wear a suitably sized gastropod shell, and migrate to the shoreline with other terrestrial hermit crabs. At that time, they sometimes visit dry land. Afterwards, they leave the ocean permanently and lose the
897:
While insects and the coconut crab originate from different clades, the same need to track smells in the air led to convergent evolution of similar organs. Coconut crabs flick their antennae as insects do to enhance their reception. Their sense of smell can detect interesting odors over large
667:
and the largest living terrestrial invertebrate. Reports of its size vary, but most sources give a body length up to 40 cm (16 in), a weight up to 4.1 kg (9 lb), and a leg span more than 0.91 m (3 ft), with males generally being larger than females. The
970:
ability to breathe in water. As with all hermit crabs, they change their shells as they grow. Young coconut crabs that cannot find a seashell of the right size often use broken coconut pieces. When they outgrow their shells, they develop a hardened abdomen. The coconut crab reaches
709:(claws) with the left being larger than the right. The next two pairs of legs, as with other hermit crabs, are large, powerful walking legs with pointed tips that allow coconut crabs to climb vertical or even overhanging surfaces. The fourth pair of legs is smaller, with
1488:, hunting of non-egg-bearing adults above a carapace length of 76 mm (3 in) may take place in September, October, and November, and only under license. The bag limit is five coconut crabs on any given day, and 15 across the whole season.
974:
around 5 years after hatching. They reach their maximum size only after 40β60 years. They grow remarkably slowly, and may take up to 120 years to reach full size, as posited by ecologist
Michelle Drew of the Max Planck Institute.
530:
such opportunities include floating logs and rafts of marine or terrestrial vegetation. Similarly, floating coconuts can be a very significant part of the crab's dispersal options. Fossils of this crab date back to the
Miocene.
1362:, it is believed that eating the crab leads to bad luck and can cause severe, sometimes fatal, illnesses. In cases where a local falls ill after consuming the crab, their family creates a wooden replica of the creature. This
1333:
apart from other coconut crabs and humans. Its large size and the quality of its meat means that the coconut crab is extensively hunted and is very rare on islands with a human population. The coconut crab is eaten as a
1395:
to get a coconut crab to loosen its grip: "It may be interesting to know that in such a dilemma a gentle titillation of the under soft parts of the body with any light material will cause the crab to loosen its hold."
1386:
The pincers of the coconut crab are powerful enough to cause noticeable pain to a human; furthermore, the coconut crab often keeps its hold for extended periods of time. Thomas Hale
Streets reports a trick used by
889:
to determine both the intensity and the direction of a scent. Coconut crabs live on the land, so the aesthetascs on their antennae are shorter and blunter than those of other crabs and are more similar to those of
739:
to protect their soft abdomens while adolescents sometimes use broken coconut shells for the same purpose. Unlike other hermit crabs, the adult coconut crabs do not carry shells but instead harden their abdominal
1342:β on various islands, and intensive hunting has threatened the species' survival in some areas. In other regions, there are taboos associated with the crab that prohibit or limit hunting and consumption of
1448:
and her remains were rapidly consumed by coconut crabs on the island. However, as no evidence of
Earhart's plane has been found on or near Nikumaroro, this theory is generally discredited by historians.
778:. Adults moult annually, digging a burrow up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) long in which to hide while their soft shell hardens. Depending on the size of the individual 1β3 weeks are needed for the
416:
known, with a weight of up to 4.1 kg (9 lb). The distance from the tip of one leg to the tip of another can be as wide as 1 m (3 ft 3 in). It is found on islands across the
1639:. Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea). Suppl. 23: 5β107. Archived from
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wild. The animal has developed a special technique to do so; if the coconut is still covered with husk, it will use its claws to rip off strips, always starting from the side with the three
4043:
857:
In addition to the branchiostegal lung, the coconut crab has an additional rudimentary set of gills. Although these gills are comparable in number to aquatic species from the families
494:. After the juvenile stage, they will drown if immersed in water for too long. They have an acute sense of smell which they use to find potential food sources, and which has developed
873:
The coconut crab has a well-developed sense of smell, which it uses to locate its food. The process of smelling works very differently depending on whether the smelled molecules are
838:
to increase the surface area; located in the cephalothorax, it is optimally placed to reduce both the blood/gas diffusion distance and the return distance of oxygenated blood to the
2312:
4000:
3697:
2867:
Samways, Michael J.; Hitchins, Peter M.; Bourquin, Orty; Henwood, Jock (2010). Lane, David J.W. (ed.). "Restoration of a tropical island: Cousine Island, Seychelles".
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hatchlings and dead animals, including other crustaceans, as well as the molted exoskeletons of other crustaceans. They have been observed to prey upon crabs such as
2784:
Green, Peter T.; O'Dowd, Dennis J.; Lake, P.S. (2008). "Recruitment dynamics in a rainforest seedling community: context-independent impact of a keystone consumer".
4364:
517:
Mating occurs on dry land, but the females return to the edge of the sea to release their fertilized eggs, and then retreat up the beach. The larvae that hatch are
486:
for protection like other hermit crabs, but the adults develop a tough exoskeleton on their abdomens and stop carrying a shell. Coconut crabs have organs known as
2932:
2920:
4403:
3964:
1457:
Coconut crab populations in several areas have declined or become locally extinct due to both habitat loss and human predation. In 1981, it was listed on the
1952:
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in the Indian Ocean has the largest and densest population of coconut crabs in the world, although it is outnumbered there by more than 50 times by the
3762:
4537:
910:
Coconut crabs mate frequently and quickly on dry land in the period from May to
September, especially between early June and late August. Males have
4509:
4338:
3019:
Wilde, Joanne E.; Linton, Stuart M.; Greenaway, Peter (2004). "Dietary assimilation and the digestive strategy of the omnivorous anomuran land crab
649:
3655:
Maillaud, C.; Lefebvre, S.; Sebat, C.; Barguil, Y.; Cabalion, P.; Cheze, M.; Hnawia, E.; Nour, M.; Durand, F. (2010). "Double lethal coconut crab (
4377:
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1246:, as well as scavenge on the carcasses of other coconut crabs. During a tagging experiment, one coconut crab was observed killing and eating a
4078:
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4066:
3475:"Ethnographic evidence for the presence of the coconut crab Birgus latro (Linnaeus, 1767) (Anomura, Coenobitidae) on Flores Island, Indonesia"
4190:
4159:
4128:
4051:
3639:
3318:
2940:
2715:
2295:
1932:
1864:
1793:
2484:"Spermatophore diversity within and among the hermit crab families, Coenobitidae, Diogenidae, and Paguridae (Paguroidae, Anomura, Decapoda)"
943:. The empty egg cases remain on the female's body after the larvae have been released, and the female eats the egg cases within a few days.
4567:
1104:". The coconut crab is far more widespread, though it is not abundant on every Pacific island it inhabits. Large populations exist on the
1373:, it may become so depending on its diet, and cases of coconut crab poisoning have occurred. For instance, consumption of the sea mango (
2363:
2066:
3873:
1627:
4562:
4004:
4084:
Drew, M.M.; Harzsch, S.; Stensmyr, M.; Erland, S.; Hansson, B.S. (2010). "A review of the biology and ecology of the Robber Crab,
2279:
4552:
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1600:
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distances. The smells of rotting meat, bananas, and coconuts, all potential food sources, catch their attention especially. The
628:). In Japan (where the species lives on some of the country's southerly island chains), the species is typically referred to as
617:
for the species include coconut crab, robber crab, and palm thief, which mirrors the animal's name in other
European languages (
306:
3734:
4382:
2170:
Farrelly, C.A.; Greenaway, P. (2005). "The morphology and vasculature of the respiratory organs of terrestrial hermit crabs (
1481:
1472:
Conservation management strategies have been put in place in some regions, such as minimum legal size limit restrictions in
324:
Coconut crabs live on most coasts in the blue area; red points are primary and yellow points secondary places of settlement
3580:
3934:
3719:
3093:
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2575:
1626:
McLaughlin, Patsy A.; Komai, Tomoyuki; Lemaitre, Rafael; Rahayu, Dwi Listyo (2010). Low, Martyn E. Y.; Tan, S. H. (eds.).
4227:
1695:
4547:
4325:
4312:
1956:
810:, coconut crabs cannot swim, and they drown if left in water for more than an hour. They use a special organ called a
790:
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because of the traditional belief that ancestral spirits can return in the form of animals such as the coconut crab.
3983:
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their strong claws, larger individuals can even break the hard coconut into smaller pieces for easier consumption.
1047:
in those areas. As they cannot swim as adults, coconut crabs must have colonised the islands as planktonic larvae.
1960:
1054:
376:
3812:
3106:
4059:
2311:
Stensmyr, Marcus C.; Erland, Susanne; Hallberg, Eric; WallΓ©n, Rita; Greenaway, Peter; Hansson, Bill S. (2005).
1920:
1916:
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is thought to occur on the external surface of the abdomen, as the eggs pass through the spermatophore mass.
3766:
2973:
2488:
2218:
1200:
547:
342:
3260:
2216:
Gross, Warren J. (1955). "Aspects of osmotic and ionic regulation in crabs showing the terrestrial habit".
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The hardened abdomen protects the coconut crab and reduces water loss on land, but must be periodically
285:
3786:
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4117:
Nearshore Marine
Resources of the South Pacific: Information for fisheries development and management
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262:
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Krieger, Jakob; Sandeman, Renate E.; Sandeman, David C.; Hansson, Bill S.; Harzsch, Steffen (2010).
2142:
Storch, V.; Welsch, U. (1984). "Electron microscopic observations on the lungs of the coconut crab,
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1948:
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1236:
1182:
1012:
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128:
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2927:. Afrotropical (Report). Protected Areas of the World: a Review of National Systems. Vol. 3.
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397:
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158:
143:
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2435:
Sato, Taku; Yoseda, Kenzo (2008). "Reproductive season and female maturity size of coconut crab
1676:
1073:, but the coconut crab is extinct on the central islands. Coconut crabs occur on several of the
1023:. Some evidence indicates the coconut crab once lived on the mainland of Australia, Madagascar,
4369:
4303:
3888:
3522:"The cultural and ecological impacts of aboriginal tourism: a case study on Taiwan's Tao tribe"
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grows much larger than its relatives in the family
Coenobitidae. Despite being the product of
4170:
3847:"Missing pilot Amelia Earhart 'died as Pacific castaway' after 1937 crash, researchers claim"
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claws and eat the contents, although it can take several days before the coconut is opened.
1255:
1050:
1044:
1008:
899:
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429:
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to harden. The animals remain in this burrow for 3β16 weeks, again depending on size.
119:
4416:
4395:
4070:
4003:. Ministry of Communication, Transport, and Tourism β Government of Tuvalu. Archived from
3926:"Male maturity, number of sperm, and spermatophore size relationships in the coconut crab
3851:
2320:
1640:
1416:
1375:
1347:
1290:
1194:
1149:
1101:
1078:
1074:
971:
919:
621:
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526:
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483:
433:
425:
3355:
Freilanduntersuchungen zur
Ethologie, Γkologie und Populationsbiologie des Palmendiebes,
3205:
2880:
2799:
2692:
Reese, E.S.; Kinzie, R.A. (1968). "The larval development of the coconut or robber crab
2583:
2452:
2386:(Crustacea, Anomura, Coenobitidae): Evidence for a prominent central olfactory pathway?"
2333:
2191:
1844:
Conservation and Development in Irian Jaya: A strategy for rational resource utilization
3790:
3556:
3521:
2838:
2412:
2381:
1909:
1466:
1441:
1428:
1359:
1254:). In 2016, a large coconut crab was observed climbing a tree to disable and consume a
1247:
1188:
1097:
1020:
768:
3299:
2268:"The Neural and Behavioral Basis of Chemical Communication in Terrestrial Crustaceans"
1015:
mark the northern and southern limits, respectively, with very few populations in the
4531:
4390:
3631:
3627:
3506:
3136:
2460:
2275:
1740:
1548:
1539:
1507:, a marine conservation area covering 33 km (12.74 mi) of reef, lagoon and
1458:
1437:
1379:) by the coconut crab may make the coconut crab toxic due to the presence of cardiac
1082:
1028:
988:
923:
911:
757:
706:
698:
694:
654:
559:
539:
421:
365:
354:
302:
148:
77:
4317:
3122:
3052:
3002:
2906:
2823:
2468:
2247:
954:
for 3β4 weeks, during which a large number of them are eaten by predators. The
902:
in the coconut crab's brain is well-developed compared to other areas of the brain.
4500:
4248:
3758:
3581:"Conservation needs of the coconut crab Birgus latro on the Nicobar Islands, India"
2359:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1137:
1105:
992:
984:
947:
602:
441:
417:
245:
205:
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3674:
3335:
1744:
1696:"A summary of the deep-sea zoological work of the Royal Indian Marine Survey ship
3087:
Greenaway, Peter (2001). "Sodium and water balance in free-ranging robber crabs,
2483:
1809:
1366:
is then taken to the crab's capture site, where specific rituals are performed.
4455:
4351:
4297:
3161:
2698:
2382:"Brain architecture of the largest living land arthropod, the Giant Robber Crab
2287:
1380:
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882:
878:
874:
839:
779:
736:
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614:
401:
225:
52:
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4103:
3596:
3490:
3235:
3036:
2888:
2807:
2612:
2591:
2342:
2199:
1657:
Harries, H.C. (1983). "The coconut palm, the robber crab and Charles Darwin".
1445:
1355:
1062:
1016:
862:
851:
835:
714:
479:
453:
97:
62:
4288:
3824:
3604:
3547:
3498:
3221:
2266:
Hansson, Bill S.; Harzsch, Steffen; Knaden, Markus; Stensmyr, Marcus (2010).
2048:
2031:
4178:
4147:
3538:
3363:
Ethology, ecology and population biology field studies of the coconut crab,
2786:
2618:
1750:
1070:
1036:
1024:
858:
822:, and is one of the most significant adaptations of the coconut crab to its
664:
607:
474:
460:
449:
413:
195:
175:
102:
46:
3682:
3565:
3359:
L. (Paguridea, Crustacea, Decapoda), auf Christmas Island (Indischer Ozean)
3044:
2815:
2517:
2421:
2402:
2351:
814:
to breathe. This organ can be interpreted as a developmental stage between
752:. Absent the physical constraint of living within another creature's shell
538:
The coconut crab has been known to western scientists since the voyages of
17:
4421:
3417:
3398:
1165:
881:
molecules in air. Crabs that live in water have specialized organs called
505:
Adult coconut crabs feed primarily on fleshy fruits, nuts, seeds, and the
4494:
4282:
4039:
2595:
1953:"Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests (IM0125)"
1512:
1335:
1330:
1231:
1227:
1141:
1113:
1109:
1004:
1000:
951:
847:
725:
690:
669:
518:
437:
215:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
3969:) removal study in Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands"
2897:
2725:
2313:"Insect-like olfactory adaptations in the terrestrial giant robber crab"
1465:, but a lack of biological data caused its assessment to be amended to "
4514:
4343:
3661:
3426:
3367:
L. (Paguridea, Crustacea, Decapoda), on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean)
3114:
2994:
2509:
2239:
1788:. Case Studies of Decapod Crustaceans. Science Publishers. p. 38.
1635:
1477:
1370:
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1170:
1145:
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915:
775:
710:
702:
510:
235:
107:
82:
39:
3948:
3925:
2659:
with a discussion on the development mode of terrestrial hermit crabs"
573:
4356:
3763:"Coconut Crabs Eat Everything from Kittens to, Maybe, Amelia Earhart"
3213:
2969:"Some account of the natural history of the Fanning group of islands"
2703:
2677:
2654:
2074:
1848:
1500:
1492:
1363:
1351:
914:
and deposit a mass of spermatophores on the abdomens of females; the
891:
865:, they are reduced in size and have comparatively less surface area.
834:
from air, rather than water. This organ is expanded laterally and is
831:
745:
499:
448:
from most areas with a significant human population such as mainland
185:
4259:
2501:
1265:
The coconut crab can take a coconut from the ground and cut it to a
472:, and is related to the other terrestrial hermit crabs of the genus
2986:
2231:
1480:, and a ban on the capture of egg-bearing females in Guam and the
1289:
1177:
1164:
1125:
1100:
believed it was only found on "a single coral island north of the
1086:
1040:
935:
807:
789:
749:
741:
733:
648:
567:
464:
1469:" in 1996. In 2018, IUCN updated its assessment to "vulnerable".
1096:
In the Pacific, the coconut crab's range became known gradually.
521:
for 3β4 weeks, before settling to the sea floor, entering a
4123:: International Centre for Ocean Development. pp. 643β681.
4120:
1473:
1266:
1223:
1148:(Washington Island), with its abundant coconut palm forest. The
1136:. These are close to the eastern limit of its range, as are the
1129:
940:
830:
similar to that found in gills, but suited to the absorption of
819:
815:
761:
506:
491:
4263:
3924:
Sato, Taku; Yoseda, Kenzo; Abe, Osamu; Shibuno, Takuro (2008).
2032:"Terrestrial adaptations in the Anomura (Crustacea: Decapoda)"
1814:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
930:
2769:
Lavery, S.; Fielder, D.R. (1991). "Genetic characteristics".
2536:
Schiller, C.; Fielder, D. R.; Brown, I. W.; Obed, A. (1991).
2123:
Fletcher, W.J.; Brown, I.W.; Fielder, D.R.; Obed, A. (1991).
3698:"A giant spider that can crack a coconut? No, it's a crab!"
3190:"Ruler of the atoll: the world's largest land invertebrate"
3107:
10.1651/0278-0372(2001)021[0317:SAWBIF]2.0.CO;2
2740:"Enormous hermit crab tears through coconuts, eats kittens"
2104:
L. als Landkrebs und seine Beziehungen zu den Coenobiten".
1784:
Menta, Elena (2008). "An overview". In Mente, Elena (ed.).
1704:
Scientific Memoirs by Medical Officers of the Army of India
3700:. Buzzle. Archived from the original on September 19, 2015
490:, which they use for breathing instead of their vestigial
440:. While its range broadly shadows the distribution of the
4044:
Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research
2653:
Wang, Fang-Lin; Hsieh, Hwey-Lian; Chen, Chang-Po (2007).
4173:. In Burggren, Warren W.; McMahon, Brian Robert (eds.).
4142:. In Burggren, Warren W.; McMahon, Brian Robert (eds.).
4032:
The Coconut Crab: Aspects of the Biology and Ecology of
3787:"Amelia Earhart Eaten By Coconut Crabs / Know Your Meme"
2614:
This crab can't swim, but has to lay its eggs in the sea
1410:
1404:
4140:"Evolution, systematics, and geographical distribution"
1749:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus 1, Pars 2 (12th ed.).
1176:
The diet of coconut crabs consists primarily of fleshy
991:, with a distribution that closely matches that of the
3399:"Transition from water to land in decapod crustaceans"
3148:
Kessler, Curt (2005). "Observation of a coconut crab,
1085:. They occur on most of the islands, and the northern
686: in), and a width up to 200 mm (8 in).
4225:
3887:(Report). Vol. 17. pp. 1β39. Archived from
2178:): gills, branchiostegal lungs and abdominal lungs".
1230:, they will consume other organic materials such as
4484:
4272:
3813:"The Amelia Earhart Mystery Stays Down in the Deep"
1144:, where the coconut crab is especially frequent on
966:stage; this process takes from 25 to 33 days.
689:The body of the coconut crab is, like those of all
4221:Chagos Archipelago, British Indian Ocean Territory
3298:
3137:https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Birgus_latro/
3135:ADW:β―: INFORMATION. (n.d.). Animal Diversity Web.
2561:: direct observation of terrestrial egg extrusion"
1908:
1628:"Part I β Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea, and Paguroidea"
482:to life on land. Juvenile coconut crabs use empty
3579:Patankar, Vardhan; D'souza, Elrika (April 2012).
1621:
1619:
1617:
2925:"United Kingdom, British Indian Ocean Territory"
2538:Reproduction, early life-history and recruitment
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1584:McLaughlin, Patsy (2010). McLaughlin, P. (ed.).
2636:
2634:
2270:. In Breithaupt, Thomas; Thiel, Martin (eds.).
2165:
2163:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1061:). Other Indian Ocean populations exist on the
939:dusk, especially when this coincides with high
3626:. Food Science and Technology. Vol. 119.
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2921:International Union for Conservation of Nature
2696:(L.) in the laboratory (Anomura, Paguridae)".
2261:
2259:
2257:
1563:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T2811A126813586.en
1426:
1420:
1369:While the coconut crab itself is not innately
634:
8:
3965:"Management implications of a coconut crab (
3520:Liu, Tzu-Ming; Lu, Dau-Jye (December 2014).
3453:
3451:
3014:
3012:
2211:
2209:
1764:
1762:
1760:
796:
4215:β Footage of a coconut crab preying upon a
4088:(Linnaeus, 1767) (Anomura: Coenobitidae)".
3242:β Footage of a coconut crab preying upon a
2531:
2529:
2527:
962:stages before moulting into the postlarval
611:, which contains terrestrial hermit crabs.
571:
552:
4260:
2106:Zeitschrift fΓΌr Wissenschaftliche Zoologie
1677:"Birgus latro Linnaeus 1767 (hermit crab)"
315:
137:
118:
31:
4115:. In Wright, Andrew; Hill, Lance (eds.).
4030:Brown, I.W.; Fielder, D.R., eds. (1991).
3947:
3555:
3537:
3416:
3375:WestfΓ€lische Wilhelms-UniversitΓ€t MΓΌnster
3066:
3064:
3062:
2896:
2676:
2411:
2401:
2341:
2061:
2059:
2047:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1839:"Physical and biological characteristics"
1561:
3874:Biological studies on the coconut crab (
3293:Burton, Maurice; Burton, Robert (2002).
3194:Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
2617:(short video). Nature's Biggest Beasts.
1346:. Such taboos have been recorded in the
1294:Coconut crabs vary in size and coloring.
705:. The front-most pair of legs has large
4232:
3373:thesis) (in German). MΓΌnster, Germany:
3301:The International Wildlife Encyclopedia
1523:
663:is both the largest living terrestrial
3711:
2771:Project overview and literature survey
1746:Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae
1723:Project overview and literature survey
1226:of fallen trees. However, as they are
846:puddles by transferring it from their
2272:Chemical Communication in Crustaceans
2180:Arthropod Structure & Development
826:. The branchiostegal lung contains a
7:
3735:"Was Amelia Earhart Eaten by Crabs?"
3340:, Episode 2: Building Bodies (1979)"
2557:"Egg extrusion site of coconut crab
2543:
2130:
1728:
1721:Brown, I. W.; Fielder, D.R. (1991).
995:. The western limit of the range of
546:around 1688. Based on an account by
4001:"Tuvalu Funafuti Conservation Area"
3885:University of Guam Technical Report
3025:Journal of Comparative Physiology B
2655:"Larval growth of the coconut crab
2439:on Hatoma Island, southern Japan".
2125:Moulting and growth characteristics
1786:Reproductive Biology of Crustaceans
1753:: Laurentius Salvius. p. 1049.
1549:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1425:, and is sometimes associated with
550:(1705), who had called the animal "
509:of fallen trees, but they will eat
2555:Sato, Taku; Yoseda, Kenzo (2009).
1329:Adult coconut crabs have no known
771:beneath its body for protection.
672:may reach a length of 78 mm (
25:
3930:on Hatoma Island, southern Japan"
1152:mark the species' eastern limit.
798:Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle
794:Print of a coconut crab from the
4538:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
4247:
4235:
4038:. ACIAR Monograph. Vol. 8.
3845:Wootson Jr, Cleve (2017-07-10).
3439:
2461:10.1111/j.1444-2906.2008.01652.x
1768:
1601:World Register of Marine Species
693:, divided into a front section (
412:. It is the largest terrestrial
162:
3811:Cohn, Julie (14 October 2019).
3457:
3305:. Vol. 16 (3rd ed.).
3155:predation on a Polynesian rat,
2742:. Absurd creature of the week.
1403:, the coconut crab is known as
918:opens at the base of the third
3733:Daniels, Andrew (2019-08-26).
3620:"Seafood toxins and poisoning"
3250:British Indian Ocean Territory
1482:Federated States of Micronesia
1358:of Taiwan. On the Nicobarian
732:, only juveniles use salvaged
579:, meaning "robber". The genus
1:
4558:Crustaceans described in 1767
4111:Fletcher, Warwick J. (1993).
3935:Journal of Crustacean Biology
3911:
3675:10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.06.034
3473:Forth, Gregory (2019-09-10).
3094:Journal of Crustacean Biology
2869:Biodiversity and Conservation
2756:
2664:Journal of Crustacean Biology
2640:
2576:Marine Biological Association
2146:(L.) (Crustacea, Decapoda)".
2006:
605:, alongside one other genus,
4213:(video) – via YouTube.
3872:Amesbury, Steven S. (1980).
3240:(video) – via YouTube.
3070:
2843:on Aride Island, Seychelles"
1981:
1890:
1495:, coconut crabs live on the
1354:in Indonesia, and among the
601:is classified in the family
587:, containing only Linnaeus'
444:, the coconut crab has been
351:Cancer crumenatus orientalis
4568:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
4169:Wolcott, Thomas G. (1988).
3624:Handbook of Food Toxicology
2967:Streets, Thomas H. (1877).
2568:Marine Biodiversity Records
2288:10.1007/978-0-387-77101-4_8
958:pass through three to five
525:and returning to dry land.
424:Oceans, as far east as the
404:, and is also known as the
4584:
4183:Cambridge University Press
4152:Cambridge University Press
4138:Hartnoll, Richard (1988).
4036:in the Republic of Vanuatu
3982:(1): 31β39. Archived from
3397:Bliss, Dorothy E. (1968).
3175:10.1163/156854005774353485
3091:(Anomura: Coenobitidae)".
2544:Brown & Fielder (1991)
2131:Brown & Fielder (1991)
2036:Memoirs of Museum Victoria
1955:. Terrestrial Ecoregions.
1837:Petocz, Ronald G. (1989).
1729:Brown & Fielder (1991)
1505:Funafuti Conservation Area
983:Coconut crabs live in the
717:most individuals are red.
4210:Coconut crab attacks bird
4179:Cambridge, United Kingdom
4175:Biology of the Land Crabs
4148:Cambridge, United Kingdom
4144:Biology of the Land Crabs
4104:10.1016/j.jcz.2010.03.001
3963:Kessler, Curt C. (2006).
3718:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3597:10.1017/S0030605311000408
3491:10.1163/15685403-00003912
3380:
3237:Coconut crab attacks bird
3037:10.1007/s00360-004-0415-7
2889:10.1007/s10531-008-9524-z
2808:10.1007/s00442-008-0992-3
2592:10.1017/S1755267209000426
2343:10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.069
2200:10.1016/j.asd.2004.11.002
2030:Greenaway, Peter (2003).
1907:Naskrecki, Piotr (2005).
1597:World Paguroidea database
1321: mi) from the sea.
1055:Christmas Island red crab
635:
591:, which was thus renamed
562:(1767) named the species
335:
328:
323:
314:
291:
284:
159:Scientific classification
157:
135:
126:
117:
34:
4563:Christmas Island cuisine
3878:) in the Mariana Islands
3618:Deshpande, S.S. (2002).
2049:10.24199/j.mmv.2003.60.3
1921:Harvard University Press
1917:Cambridge, Massachusetts
1538:Cumberlidge, N. (2020).
1486:Northern Mariana Islands
1325:Relationship with humans
950:of the ocean with other
946:The larvae float in the
459:The coconut crab is the
4553:Terrestrial crustaceans
3767:Smithsonian Institution
3539:10.1186/2193-1801-3-347
3353:Rumpff, Holger (1986).
3188:Laidre, Mark E (2017).
2974:The American Naturalist
2489:The Biological Bulletin
2219:The American Naturalist
1511:on the western side of
1411:
1405:
1307:is abundant 6 km (
641:, meaning 'palm crab'.
583:was erected in 1816 by
548:Georg Eberhard Rumphius
478:. It shows a number of
2403:10.1186/1742-9994-7-25
2369:on September 30, 2009.
1427:
1421:
1295:
1173:
1169:A coconut crab atop a
1039:islands, and possibly
877:molecules in water or
803:
797:
657:
625:
572:
553:
4443:Paleobiology Database
4091:Zoologischer Anzeiger
3334:Attenborough, David.
2149:Zoologischer Anzeiger
2100:Harms, J.W. (1932). "
1810:"Wildlife in Okinawa"
1694:Alcock, A.W. (1898).
1556:: e.T2811A126813586.
1338:β and regarded as an
1293:
1168:
793:
652:
27:Species of crustacean
3634:. pp. 687β754.
3272:University of Hawaii
2935:. pp. 323β325.
2482:Tudge, C.C. (1991).
2390:Frontiers in Zoology
2282:. pp. 149β173.
1911:The Smaller Majority
1207:Aleurites moluccanus
1007:, while the tropics
585:William Elford Leach
488:branchiostegal lungs
4040:Canberra, Australia
3418:10.1093/icb/8.3.355
3206:2017FrEE...15..527L
2881:2010BiCon..19..425S
2837:Bowler, J. (1999).
2800:2008Oecol.156..373G
2704:Leiden, Netherlands
2584:2009MBdR....2E..37S
2453:2008FisSc..74.1277S
2334:2005CBio...15..116S
2192:2005ArtSD..34...63F
1957:National Geographic
1949:World Wildlife Fund
1919:: Belknap Press of
1849:Leiden, Netherlands
1274:Thomas Hale Streets
1237:Gecarcoidea natalis
1183:Ochrosia ackeringae
1059:Gecarcoidea natalis
1003:, off the coast of
812:branchiostegal lung
436:and as far west as
129:Conservation status
4548:Edible crustaceans
4185:. pp. 55β96.
4069:2011-04-09 at the
3817:The New York Times
3628:New York, New York
3404:American Zoologist
3307:Marshall Cavendish
3248:Chagos Archipelago
2929:Gland, Switzerland
2276:New York, New York
1700:from 1884 to 1897"
1463:vulnerable species
1296:
1260:Chagos Archipelago
1243:Discoplax hirtipes
1174:
1091:Chagos Archipelago
804:
658:
4525:
4524:
4430:Open Tree of Life
4266:Taxon identifiers
4192:978-0-521-30690-4
4161:978-0-521-30690-4
4154:. pp. 6β54.
4130:978-982-02-0082-1
4053:978-1-86320-054-7
3949:10.1651/07-2966.1
3739:Popular Mechanics
3641:978-0-8247-4390-1
3320:978-0-7614-7282-7
3023:(Coenobitidae)".
2942:978-2-8317-0092-2
2839:"The robber crab
2773:. pp. 87β98.
2717:978-90-04-00418-4
2540:. pp. 13β34.
2441:Fisheries Science
2297:978-0-387-77100-7
2127:. pp. 35β60.
1934:978-0-674-01915-7
1866:978-90-04-08832-0
1795:978-1-57808-529-3
1751:Stockholm, Sweden
1219:Annona reticulata
1201:P. christmatensis
1134:Palmerston Island
929:The extrusion of
750:calcium carbonate
554:Cancer crumenatus
400:species of giant
386:
385:
380:
369:
358:
346:
339:Cancer crumenatus
266:
152:
16:(Redirected from
4575:
4518:
4517:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4477:
4476:
4464:
4463:
4451:
4450:
4438:
4437:
4425:
4424:
4412:
4411:
4399:
4398:
4386:
4385:
4373:
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4360:
4359:
4347:
4346:
4334:
4333:
4321:
4320:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4261:
4252:
4251:
4240:
4239:
4231:
4217:red-footed booby
4214:
4196:
4165:
4134:
4107:
4057:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3973:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3893:
3882:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3717:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3696:Orlando, Linda.
3693:
3687:
3686:
3659:L.) poisoning".
3652:
3646:
3645:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3559:
3541:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3470:
3464:
3455:
3446:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3420:
3394:
3388:
3378:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3304:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3269:
3261:"Coconut Crabs (
3257:
3251:
3244:red-footed booby
3241:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3214:10.1002/fee.1730
3185:
3179:
3178:
3159:(Peale, 1848)".
3154:
3153:(Linnaeus, 1767)
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3084:
3078:
3068:
3057:
3056:
3016:
3007:
3006:
2964:
2947:
2946:
2917:
2911:
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2900:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2847:
2834:
2828:
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2781:
2775:
2774:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2746:. December 2013.
2736:
2730:
2729:
2708:Brill Publishers
2702:. Suppl. 2 (2).
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:10.1651/S-2797.1
2650:
2644:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2594:. Archived from
2565:
2552:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2522:
2521:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2447:(6): 1277β1282.
2432:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2405:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2362:. Archived from
2345:
2317:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2263:
2252:
2251:
2226:(847): 205β222.
2213:
2204:
2203:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2139:
2133:
2128:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2077:. Archived from
2063:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2027:
2010:
2004:
1989:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1959:. Archived from
1945:
1939:
1938:
1914:
1904:
1898:
1888:
1871:
1870:
1853:Brill Publishers
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1781:
1775:
1766:
1755:
1754:
1737:
1731:
1726:
1725:. pp. 1β11.
1718:
1712:
1711:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1632:
1623:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1592:
1591:(Linnaeus, 1767)
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1535:
1444:crash-landed on
1432:
1424:
1414:
1408:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1303:, for instance,
1301:Christmas Island
1256:red-footed booby
1051:Christmas Island
987:and the central
900:olfactory system
800:
685:
684:
680:
677:
653:Coconut crab on
640:
638:
637:
577:
556:
542:around 1580 and
484:gastropod shells
430:Pitcairn Islands
375:
373:Birgus laticauda
364:
353:
341:
319:
297:
261:
167:
166:
146:
141:
140:
122:
112:
49:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
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4493:
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4472:
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4454:
4446:
4441:
4433:
4428:
4420:
4417:Observation.org
4415:
4407:
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4199:
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4168:
4162:
4137:
4131:
4113:"Coconut crabs"
4110:
4083:
4071:Wayback Machine
4054:
4029:
4025:
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4010:
4008:
3999:
3998:
3994:
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3962:
3961:
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3912:Fletcher (1993)
3910:
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3857:
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3852:The Independent
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3440:Hartnoll (1988)
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2757:Fletcher (1993)
2755:
2751:
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2641:Fletcher (1993)
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2534:
2525:
2502:10.2307/1542095
2481:
2480:
2476:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2366:
2321:Current Biology
2315:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2265:
2264:
2255:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2067:"Coconut crab (
2065:
2064:
2057:
2029:
2028:
2013:
2007:Fletcher (1993)
2005:
1992:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1889:
1874:
1867:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1769:Hartnoll (1988)
1767:
1758:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1590:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1537:
1536:
1525:
1521:
1455:
1417:Mariana Islands
1376:Cerbera manghas
1348:Nicobar Islands
1327:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1288:
1195:Pandanus elatus
1163:
1158:
1150:Gambier Islands
1079:Nicobar Islands
981:
972:sexual maturity
908:
871:
788:
697:) with 10
682:
678:
675:
673:
647:
632:
544:William Dampier
536:
527:Sexual maturity
523:gastropod shell
434:Caroline Island
426:Gambier Islands
310:
299:
293:
280:
260:
161:
153:
142:
138:
131:
113:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
44:
43:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4581:
4579:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4530:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4506:
4490:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4465:
4452:
4439:
4426:
4413:
4400:
4387:
4374:
4361:
4348:
4335:
4322:
4309:
4294:
4278:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4257:
4256:
4244:
4224:
4223:
4203:
4202:External links
4200:
4198:
4197:
4191:
4166:
4160:
4135:
4129:
4108:
4081:
4052:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4018:
3992:
3989:on 2012-03-19.
3955:
3942:(4): 663β668.
3916:
3904:
3864:
3837:
3803:
3791:Know Your Meme
3778:
3761:(2013-12-26).
3750:
3725:
3688:
3647:
3640:
3610:
3591:(2): 175β178.
3571:
3512:
3485:(8): 921β941.
3465:
3458:Wolcott (1988)
3447:
3432:
3411:(3): 355β392.
3389:
3345:
3326:
3319:
3285:
3274:. pp. 1β6
3252:
3227:
3200:(9): 527β528.
3180:
3169:(6): 761β762.
3157:Rattus exulans
3140:
3128:
3101:(2): 317β327.
3079:
3058:
3031:(4): 299β308.
3008:
2987:10.1086/271824
2948:
2941:
2912:
2875:(2): 425β434.
2859:
2829:
2794:(2): 373β385.
2776:
2761:
2749:
2731:
2716:
2684:
2671:(4): 616β625.
2645:
2630:
2604:
2601:on 2011-07-21.
2547:
2523:
2496:(2): 238β247.
2474:
2427:
2372:
2328:(2): 116β121.
2303:
2296:
2253:
2232:10.1086/281884
2205:
2159:
2134:
2115:
2092:
2055:
2011:
1990:
1974:
1963:on May 5, 2001
1940:
1933:
1899:
1872:
1865:
1829:
1801:
1794:
1776:
1756:
1741:Linnaeus, Carl
1732:
1713:
1686:
1668:
1649:
1646:on 2012-01-22.
1613:
1576:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1467:data deficient
1454:
1451:
1442:Amelia Earhart
1440:suggests that
1360:Kamorta Island
1326:
1323:
1287:
1284:
1252:Rattus exulans
1248:Polynesian rat
1213:Cocos nucifera
1189:Arenga listeri
1180:(particularly
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1098:Charles Darwin
1021:Ryukyu Islands
1019:, such as the
980:
977:
912:spermatophores
907:
904:
870:
869:Sense of smell
867:
787:
784:
744:by depositing
646:
643:
535:
532:
384:
383:
382:
381:
370:
359:
348:
333:
332:
326:
325:
321:
320:
312:
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300:
289:
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282:
281:
274:
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268:
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81:
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56:
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50:
37:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4511:
4507:
4502:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4475:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4194:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4065:
4064:pp. iβx, 1β35
4061:
4058:Available as
4055:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4007:on 2011-11-02
4006:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3970:
3968:
3959:
3956:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3929:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3908:
3905:
3894:on 2010-12-15
3890:
3886:
3879:
3877:
3868:
3865:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3841:
3838:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3807:
3804:
3793:. 6 July 2022
3792:
3788:
3782:
3779:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3759:Rachel, Nuwer
3754:
3751:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3699:
3692:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3651:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3633:
3632:Marcel Dekker
3629:
3625:
3621:
3614:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3516:
3513:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3384:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3338:Life on Earth
3330:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3295:"Robber crab"
3289:
3286:
3273:
3266:
3264:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2842:
2833:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2780:
2777:
2772:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2688:
2685:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2658:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2605:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2560:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2539:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2478:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2376:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2156:(1β2): 73β84.
2155:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2116:
2111:
2108:(in German).
2107:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2081:on 2015-11-10
2080:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1978:
1975:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1833:
1830:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1665:(3): 131β137.
1664:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1580:
1577:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:IUCN Red List
1452:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1438:internet meme
1434:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1419:it is called
1418:
1415:, and in the
1413:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:Flores Island
1350:in India, on
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1322:
1306:
1305:B. latro
1302:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1216:) and seeds (
1215:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1172:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:, especially
1107:
1103:
1102:Society group
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:Bay of Bengal
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1043:, but is now
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:Easter Island
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:B. latro
994:
990:
989:Pacific Ocean
986:
978:
976:
973:
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
944:
942:
937:
932:
927:
925:
924:fertilisation
921:
917:
913:
905:
903:
901:
895:
893:
888:
884:
880:
876:
868:
866:
864:
860:
855:
853:
849:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
801:
799:
792:
785:
783:
781:
777:
772:
770:
766:
765:B. latro
763:
759:
758:carcinization
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
735:
731:
727:
723:
722:B. latro
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:cephalothorax
692:
687:
671:
666:
662:
656:
655:Palmyra Atoll
651:
644:
642:
631:
627:
623:
620:
616:
612:
610:
609:
604:
600:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
576:
575:
569:
565:
561:
560:Carl Linnaeus
557:
555:
549:
545:
541:
540:Francis Drake
533:
531:
528:
524:
520:
515:
512:
508:
503:
501:
498:with that of
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
476:
471:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
378:
374:
371:
367:
363:
360:
356:
352:
349:
347:(pre-Linnean)
344:
340:
337:
336:
334:
331:
327:
322:
318:
313:
308:
304:
298:
296:
290:
287:
286:Binomial name
283:
279:
278:
277:B. latro
273:
270:
269:
264:
259:
258:
254:
251:
250:
247:
244:
241:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
165:
160:
156:
150:
145:
134:
130:
125:
121:
116:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
48:
41:
33:
30:
19:
4543:Hermit crabs
4486:Cancer latro
4485:
4318:Birgus_latro
4304:Birgus latro
4274:Birgus latro
4273:
4209:
4174:
4143:
4116:
4098:(1): 45β67.
4095:
4089:
4086:Birgus latro
4085:
4035:
4034:Birgus latro
4031:
4023:Bibliography
4009:. Retrieved
4005:the original
3995:
3984:the original
3979:
3975:
3967:Birgus latro
3966:
3958:
3939:
3933:
3928:Birgus latro
3927:
3919:
3907:
3896:. Retrieved
3889:the original
3884:
3876:Birgus latro
3875:
3867:
3856:. Retrieved
3850:
3840:
3828:. Retrieved
3816:
3806:
3795:. Retrieved
3781:
3770:. Retrieved
3753:
3742:. Retrieved
3728:
3702:. Retrieved
3691:
3669:(1): 81β86.
3666:
3660:
3657:Birgus latro
3656:
3650:
3623:
3613:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3529:
3526:SpringerPlus
3525:
3515:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3435:
3408:
3402:
3392:
3382:
3366:
3365:Birgus latro
3362:
3358:
3357:Birgus latro
3354:
3348:
3337:
3329:
3300:
3288:
3276:. Retrieved
3263:Birgus latro
3262:
3255:
3236:
3230:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3166:
3160:
3156:
3150:Birgus latro
3149:
3143:
3131:
3098:
3092:
3089:Birgus latro
3088:
3082:
3072:
3028:
3024:
3021:Birgus latro
3020:
2981:(2): 65β72.
2978:
2972:
2915:
2898:10019.1/9960
2872:
2868:
2862:
2853:
2849:
2841:Birgus latro
2840:
2832:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2770:
2764:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2697:
2694:Birgus latro
2693:
2687:
2668:
2662:
2657:Birgus latro
2656:
2648:
2622:. Retrieved
2613:
2607:
2596:the original
2571:
2567:
2559:Birgus latro
2558:
2550:
2537:
2493:
2487:
2477:
2444:
2440:
2437:Birgus latro
2436:
2430:
2393:
2389:
2384:Birgus latro
2383:
2375:
2364:the original
2325:
2319:
2306:
2271:
2223:
2217:
2186:(1): 63β87.
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2153:
2147:
2144:Birgus latro
2143:
2137:
2124:
2118:
2109:
2105:
2102:Birgus latro
2101:
2095:
2085:February 10,
2083:. Retrieved
2079:the original
2069:Birgus latro
2068:
2042:(1): 13β26.
2039:
2035:
1983:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1961:the original
1943:
1910:
1902:
1892:
1843:
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1813:
1804:
1785:
1779:
1745:
1735:
1722:
1716:
1707:
1703:
1698:Investigator
1697:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1641:the original
1634:
1604:. Retrieved
1596:
1588:Birgus latro
1587:
1579:
1567:. Retrieved
1553:
1547:
1542:Birgus latro
1541:
1508:
1496:
1490:
1471:
1456:
1453:Conservation
1435:
1401:Cook Islands
1398:
1393:Line Islands
1389:Micronesians
1385:
1381:cardenolides
1374:
1368:
1344:Birgus latro
1343:
1328:
1304:
1297:
1272:
1264:
1251:
1241:
1235:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1138:Line Islands
1106:Cook Islands
1095:
1065:, including
1058:
1049:
996:
993:coconut palm
985:Indian Ocean
982:
979:Distribution
968:
963:
959:
948:pelagic zone
945:
928:
909:
896:
872:
856:
844:
805:
795:
773:
764:
760:, like most
753:
721:
719:
688:
660:
659:
629:
618:
615:Common names
613:
606:
603:Coenobitidae
598:
597:
593:Birgus latro
592:
589:Cancer latro
588:
580:
570:
564:Cancer latro
563:
551:
537:
516:
504:
496:convergently
473:
468:
467:
461:only species
458:
442:coconut palm
409:
405:
394:Birgus latro
393:
390:coconut crab
389:
387:
372:
362:Cancer latro
361:
350:
338:
295:Birgus latro
294:
292:
276:
275:
256:
255:
246:Coenobitidae
232:Infraorder:
206:Malacostraca
35:Coconut crab
29:
4456:SeaLifeBase
4352:iNaturalist
4298:Wikispecies
4242:Crustaceans
3976:Micronesica
3830:30 November
3479:Crustaceana
3309:. pp.
3162:Crustaceana
2710:: 117β144.
2699:Crustaceana
1855:. pp.
1569:19 November
1429:taotaomo'na
1340:aphrodisiac
1279:germination
1222:); and the
1210:), drupes (
883:aesthetascs
879:hydrophobic
875:hydrophilic
852:maxillipeds
840:pericardium
786:Respiration
780:exoskeleton
730:hermit crab
645:Description
566:, from the
480:adaptations
406:robber crab
402:hermit crab
398:terrestrial
226:Pleocyemata
45:23β00
18:Robber crab
4532:Categories
4501:Q109653916
4254:Arthropods
4121:Suva, Fiji
4079:pp. 83β128
3898:2011-08-03
3858:2023-09-01
3797:2023-09-01
3772:2023-09-01
3744:2023-09-01
3532:(1): 347.
2624:2021-12-14
2396:(25): 25.
2112:: 167β290.
1923:. p.
1519:References
1446:Nikumaroro
1436:A popular
1356:Tao people
1063:Seychelles
1045:extirpated
1017:subtropics
964:glaucothoe
920:pereiopods
906:Life cycle
863:Diogenidae
836:evaginated
806:Except as
767:bends its
762:true crabs
715:Seychelles
626:Palmendieb
519:planktonic
454:Madagascar
446:extirpated
410:palm thief
222:Suborder:
196:Arthropoda
144:Vulnerable
42:βpresent,
4171:"Ecology"
4075:pp. 36β82
3825:0362-4331
3704:April 15,
3605:0030-6053
3548:2193-1801
3507:203393389
3499:1568-5403
3379:Cited in
3222:1540-9295
2787:Oecologia
2619:BBC Earth
2172:Coenobita
1967:April 15,
1710:: 45β109.
1659:Principes
1503:) in the
1484:. In the
1371:poisonous
1331:predators
1228:omnivores
1204:); nuts (
1089:, of the
1071:Cosmoledo
1037:Marquesas
1025:Rodrigues
1013:Capricorn
1009:of Cancer
885:on their
859:Paguridae
850:to their
848:chelipeds
720:Although
701:, and an
665:arthropod
630:yashigani
608:Coenobita
475:Coenobita
450:Australia
414:arthropod
377:Latreille
271:Species:
182:Kingdom:
176:Eukaryota
4495:Wikidata
4370:11120127
4283:Wikidata
4067:Archived
3914:, p. 643
3714:cite web
3683:19591858
3566:25089246
3123:85755656
3053:31424768
3045:14760503
3003:84809033
2923:(1992).
2907:25842499
2856:: 56β58.
2850:Phelsuma
2824:13104029
2816:18320231
2759:, p. 648
2726:25027392
2643:, p. 656
2518:29304643
2469:23485944
2422:20831795
2352:15668166
2280:Springer
2248:84339914
2009:, p. 644
1951:(2001).
1743:(1767).
1681:PBDB.org
1606:March 3,
1513:Funafuti
1336:delicacy
1232:tortoise
1142:Kiribati
1114:Suwarrow
1110:Pukapuka
1005:Tanzania
1001:Zanzibar
952:plankton
916:oviducts
887:antennae
754:B. latro
728:type of
691:decapods
670:carapace
661:B. latro
534:Taxonomy
438:Zanzibar
366:Linnaeus
343:Rumphius
330:Synonyms
303:Linnaeus
242:Family:
216:Decapoda
192:Phylum:
186:Animalia
172:Domain:
149:IUCN 3.1
4515:4644179
4383:1197343
4344:4311512
4289:Q206070
4228:Portals
3662:Toxicon
3557:4117854
3427:3881398
3369:] (
3313:β2187.
3278:May 23,
3202:Bibcode
3115:1549783
3077:, p. 53
2995:2448050
2877:Bibcode
2796:Bibcode
2580:Bibcode
2578:: e37.
2510:1542095
2449:Bibcode
2413:2945339
2360:9169832
2330:Bibcode
2240:2458622
2188:Bibcode
1988:, p. 49
1897:, p. 46
1636:Zootaxa
1515:atoll.
1478:Vanuatu
1399:In the
1391:of the
1316:⁄
1286:Habitat
1258:on the
1171:coconut
1156:Ecology
1146:Teraina
1122:Takutea
1118:Mangaia
1081:in the
1075:Andaman
1067:Aldabra
1033:Tokelau
892:insects
824:habitat
802:of 1849
776:moulted
726:derived
711:tweezer
703:abdomen
681:⁄
511:carrion
500:insects
463:of the
422:Pacific
396:) is a
252:Genus:
236:Anomura
212:Order:
202:Class:
147: (
40:Neogene
4474:208668
4461:105639
4448:219624
4435:644678
4422:211542
4409:177283
4331:276725
4189:
4158:
4127:
4050:
4011:28 Oct
3823:
3681:
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3603:
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3554:
3546:
3505:
3497:
3425:
3385:(2010)
3383:et al.
3342:. BBC.
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3075:(2010)
3073:et al.
3051:
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2358:
2350:
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2246:
2238:
2176:Birgus
2075:ARKive
1986:(2010)
1984:et al.
1931:
1895:(2010)
1893:et al.
1863:
1817:Travel
1792:
1501:islets
1493:Tuvalu
1364:effigy
1178:fruits
1132:, and
1087:atolls
1035:, the
956:larvae
936:larvae
922:, and
832:oxygen
828:tissue
808:larvae
746:chitin
737:shells
707:chelae
622:German
599:Birgus
581:Birgus
469:Birgus
418:Indian
379:, 1829
368:, 1767
357:, 1759
345:, 1705
265:, 1816
257:Birgus
4469:WoRMS
4365:IRMNG
4357:51727
4219:, at
3987:(PDF)
3972:(PDF)
3892:(PDF)
3881:(PDF)
3503:S2CID
3462:p. 91
3444:p. 18
3423:JSTOR
3381:Drew
3371:Ph.D.
3361:[
3268:(PDF)
3246:, at
3119:S2CID
3111:JSTOR
3071:Drew
3049:S2CID
2999:S2CID
2991:JSTOR
2903:S2CID
2846:(PDF)
2820:S2CID
2744:WIRED
2722:JSTOR
2599:(PDF)
2564:(PDF)
2506:JSTOR
2465:S2CID
2367:(PDF)
2356:S2CID
2316:(PDF)
2244:S2CID
2236:JSTOR
1982:Drew
1891:Drew
1822:1 May
1773:p. 16
1644:(PDF)
1631:(PDF)
1461:as a
1422:ayuyu
1412:kaveu
1126:Mauke
1041:India
820:lungs
816:gills
742:terga
734:snail
724:is a
574:latro
568:Latin
492:gills
465:genus
263:Leach
4510:GBIF
4404:NCBI
4396:2811
4391:IUCN
4378:ITIS
4339:GBIF
4326:BOLD
4187:ISBN
4156:ISBN
4125:ISBN
4048:ISBN
4013:2011
3832:2019
3821:ISSN
3720:link
3706:2009
3679:PMID
3636:ISBN
3601:ISSN
3585:Oryx
3562:PMID
3544:ISSN
3495:ISSN
3315:ISBN
3311:2186
3280:2009
3265:L.)"
3218:ISSN
3041:PMID
2937:ISBN
2933:IUCN
2812:PMID
2712:ISBN
2542:In:
2514:PMID
2418:PMID
2348:PMID
2292:ISBN
2174:and
2129:In:
2087:2011
1969:2009
1929:ISBN
1861:ISBN
1857:7β35
1824:2019
1790:ISBN
1727:In:
1608:2011
1571:2021
1554:2020
1509:motu
1497:motu
1476:and
1474:Guam
1406:unga
1267:husk
1240:and
1224:pith
1161:Diet
1130:Atiu
1077:and
1069:and
1011:and
960:zoea
941:tide
934:the
931:eggs
861:and
818:and
769:tail
748:and
699:legs
636:γ€γ·γ¬γ
619:e.g.
507:pith
452:and
432:and
420:and
388:The
355:Seba
307:1767
53:Preκ
4313:AFD
4100:doi
4096:249
4060:PDF
3944:doi
3671:doi
3593:doi
3552:PMC
3534:doi
3487:doi
3413:doi
3210:doi
3171:doi
3103:doi
3033:doi
3029:174
2983:doi
2893:hdl
2885:doi
2804:doi
2792:156
2673:doi
2588:doi
2498:doi
2494:181
2457:doi
2408:PMC
2398:doi
2338:doi
2284:doi
2228:doi
2196:doi
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