228:, and some historians feel he helped introduce it into England. Others, though, disagree and feel that the use of the abacus was known before this time in England. He was good friends with Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester and it was Robert that buried the future saint. It may be that Robert gave Wulfstan a copy of Marianus' chronicle, which allowed the monks at Worcester to use it in their own works. Robert was also friends with
223:
survey, that is one of the best sources for information on the process of
Domesday. His only other work that survives is a small introduction to Marianus' chronicle that corrects a few errors and discusses computation. He was also known as a mathematician and astrologer, and brought continental
188:
before coming to
England, and may have been educated at the cathedral school there also. The school at Liege specialized in mathematics, which later became a specialty of Robert's. His name is often given as Robert de Losinga, but the earliest evidence gives it as Robert the Lotharingian. His
196:'s appointment of Robert was somewhat unusual, not just because he was not a Norman, but because he was not a religious scholar, and was instead an astronomer and mathematician. Robert was ordained as a priest by
1738:
266:. This was a two-tier chapel of a type reserved for royalty or archbishops in Germany. He also improved the financial condition of his diocese, although it remained poor.
1060:
255:. Robert sided with the king against the archbishop. Afterwards, however, Robert and Osmund, the Bishop of Salisbury, were reconciled with Anselm.
1743:
1370:
1748:
828:
993:
185:
77:
192:
Robert may have arrived in
England by the 1050s, or perhaps after the Norman Conquest. Arguments have been presented on both sides. King
1580:
1466:
1053:
924:
866:
847:
808:
797:
747:
713:
694:
618:
1214:
943:
Moreton, Jennifer (1995). "Before
Grosseteste: Roger of Hereford and Calendar Reform in Eleventh- and Twelfth-Century England".
876:
Welborn, Mary
Catherine (November 1931). "Lotharingia as a Center of Arabic and Scientific Influence in the Eleventh Century".
1193:
1158:
1133:
759:
1733:
1550:
1224:
1153:
1046:
1239:
1148:
1028:
682:
62:
757:
Evans, Gillian R. (January 1979). "Schools and
Scholars: The Study of the Abacus in English Schools c. 980-c 1150".
1400:
1083:
157:
1704:
1656:
1621:
1476:
1350:
606:
252:
1533:
291:
1636:
1545:
1491:
1446:
1309:
1103:
1314:
244:
240:
216:
193:
989:
1728:
1676:
1616:
1585:
1575:
1188:
248:
197:
95:
1324:
1219:
233:
177:
1651:
1611:
1601:
1555:
1511:
1486:
1436:
1360:
1329:
1304:
1259:
1229:
1118:
1069:
1018:
1011:
970:
962:
903:
895:
776:
295:
259:
153:
131:
52:
26:
160:. His writings serve as one of the best sources for information on the process of compiling the
1365:
1264:
1254:
1178:
920:
862:
843:
824:
793:
743:
735:
709:
690:
614:
1687:
1521:
1405:
1375:
1244:
1113:
954:
887:
816:
768:
656:
859:
Anselm of Bec and Robert of Meulan: The
Innocence of the Dove and the Wisdom of the Serpent
215:
to
England, but it had little effect on historical writing in England, beyond the use that
1681:
1565:
1506:
1395:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1274:
1002:
212:
141:
629:
354:
1641:
1540:
1496:
1415:
1410:
1380:
1319:
1269:
945:
878:
181:
73:
200:
sometime before 29 December 1079. Robert was consecrated as the Bishop of
Hereford by
1722:
1694:
1671:
1661:
1606:
1570:
1501:
1471:
1456:
1441:
1420:
1390:
1355:
1279:
1138:
1128:
974:
907:
723:
220:
161:
1646:
1626:
1560:
1516:
1385:
1345:
229:
674:
772:
1666:
1631:
1526:
1451:
1299:
820:
660:
219:
made of it. Robert inserted into his own copy of
Marianus, a notice about the
1481:
1461:
648:
1143:
1093:
208:
1173:
1123:
1098:
201:
108:
1249:
1183:
1168:
1088:
1038:
966:
899:
780:
262:. He built a chapel at Hereford Cathedral, basing it on the church at
1198:
792:(Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
263:
225:
165:
958:
891:
1163:
1108:
611:
The English Church 1066–1154: A History of the Anglo-Norman Church
631:
Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 8: Hereford: Bishops
355:
Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 8: Hereford: Bishops
1042:
704:
Brooke, C. N. L. (1999). "The Diocese of Hereford, 676–1200".
243:
in February 1095, which dealt with the conflict between King
788:
Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996).
728:
Church, Kingship, and Lay Investiture in England 1089–1135
224:
learning into his diocese. He was also familiar with the
189:
birthdate is unknown, but it was probably before 1049.
687:
England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings: 1075–1225
290:. Another man called Robert de Losinga was abbot of
1594:
1429:
1338:
1207:
1076:
137:
127:
119:
114:
101:
88:
83:
68:
58:
48:
40:
32:
18:
861:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
480:
478:
258:Robert died on 26 June 1095. He was buried in
1054:
422:
420:
348:
346:
344:
8:
730:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
330:
328:
326:
152:(died 26 June 1095) was a priest who became
1739:11th-century English Roman Catholic bishops
708:. London: Hambledon Press. pp. 19–36.
451:
449:
1061:
1047:
1039:
998:
742:. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell Publishers.
441:England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings
406:
404:
15:
706:Churches and Churchmen in Medieval Europe
367:
365:
363:
813:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
653:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
397:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
319:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
310:
275:
538:Church, Kingship, and Lay Investiture
391:
389:
387:
385:
383:
381:
7:
994:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
564:Church, Kinship, and Lay Investiture
917:The English and the Norman Conquest
649:"Robert the Lotharingian (d. 1095)"
553:pp. 180–182 and p. 182 footnote 158
204:on 29 December 1079 at Canterbury.
634:. Institute of Historical Research
317:Harper-Bill "Losinga, Herbert de"
109:Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury
14:
807:Harper-Bill, Christopher (2004).
395:Barrow "Robert the Lotharingian"
164:, and he may have introduced the
840:William II: Rufus, the Red King
809:"Losinga, Herbert de (d. 1119)"
689:. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
486:English and the Norman Conquest
39:
919:. Ipswich, UK: Boydell Press.
790:Handbook of British Chronology
740:Anglo-Norman England 1066–1166
428:Handbook of British Chronology
186:St. Lambert's Cathedral, Liège
1:
1744:Burials at Hereford Cathedral
1716:Priest in England (died 1095)
760:The English Historical Review
523:Evans "Schools and Scholars"
510:Brooke "Diocese of Hereford"
198:Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester
96:Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester
1749:People from Lorraine (duchy)
675:UK public library membership
815:. Oxford University Press.
655:. Oxford University Press.
1765:
773:10.1093/ehr/XCIV.CCCLXX.71
239:Robert was present at the
158:Norman Conquest of England
1700:Alistair Magowan (acting)
1025:
1016:
1008:
1001:
857:Vaughn, Sally N. (1987).
525:English Historical Review
25:
253:Archbishop of Canterbury
292:New Minster, Winchester
176:Robert was a native of
150:Robert the Lotharingian
92:before 29 December 1079
36:before 29 December 1079
20:Robert the Lotharingian
1532:Episcopacy abolished (
1104:Cuthbert of Canterbury
1003:Catholic Church titles
915:Williams, Ann (2000).
842:. Stroud, UK: Tempus.
821:10.1093/ref:odnb/17025
661:10.1093/ref:odnb/17026
647:Barrow, Julia (2004).
628:Barrow, J. S. (2002).
512:Churches and Churchmen
334:Welborn "Lotharingia"
298:, Bishop of Norwich.
1315:Peter of Aigueblanche
613:. New York: Longman.
245:William II of England
241:Council of Rockingham
217:Florence of Worcester
194:William the Conqueror
142:Roman Catholic Church
1576:Lord James Beauclerk
838:Mason, Emma (2005).
499:Anglo-Norman England
470:Anglo-Norman England
1734:Bishops of Hereford
1325:Thomas de Cantilupe
1070:Bishops of Hereford
683:Bartlett, Robert C.
234:Bishop of Salisbury
207:Robert brought the
1652:Charles Lisle Carr
1612:George Huntingford
1602:Folliott Cornewall
1556:Humphrey Humphreys
1512:Augustine Lindsell
1487:Herbert Westfaling
1437:Adriano Castellesi
1361:Lewis de Charleton
1330:Richard Swinefield
1305:Ralph de Maidstone
1260:Richard de Capella
1230:Walter of Lorraine
1019:Bishop of Hereford
736:Chibnall, Marjorie
296:Herbert de Losinga
288:Robert of Lorraine
260:Hereford Cathedral
154:Bishop of Hereford
132:Hereford Cathedral
27:Bishop of Hereford
1713:
1712:
1401:Richard Beauchamp
1366:William Courtenay
1265:Robert de Bethune
1255:Geoffrey de Clive
1235:Robert de Losinga
1035:
1034:
1026:Succeeded by
830:978-0-19-861412-8
673:(subscription or
284:Robert de Losinga
147:
146:
1756:
1688:Alistair Magowan
1551:Gilbert Ironside
1522:Theophilus Feild
1406:Reginald Boulers
1376:Thomas Trevenant
1351:Thomas Charleton
1063:
1056:
1049:
1040:
1009:Preceded by
999:
978:
930:
911:
872:
853:
834:
803:
784:
753:
731:
724:Cantor Norman F.
719:
700:
678:
671:
669:
667:
643:
641:
639:
624:
593:
586:
580:
573:
567:
560:
554:
547:
541:
534:
528:
521:
515:
508:
502:
495:
489:
482:
473:
466:
460:
453:
444:
437:
431:
424:
415:
408:
399:
393:
376:
369:
358:
350:
339:
332:
321:
315:
299:
280:
115:Personal details
105:29 December 1079
69:Previous post(s)
16:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1705:Richard Jackson
1682:Anthony Priddis
1657:Richard Parsons
1622:Thomas Musgrave
1590:
1566:Benjamin Hoadly
1507:Godfrey Goodman
1477:Thomas Reynolds
1425:
1396:Thomas Spofford
1334:
1295:Hugh de Mapenor
1290:Giles de Braose
1285:William de Vere
1275:Robert of Melun
1203:
1072:
1067:
1031:
1022:
1014:
986:
981:
942:
938:
936:Further reading
933:
927:
914:
875:
869:
856:
850:
837:
831:
806:
800:
787:
756:
750:
734:
722:
716:
703:
697:
681:
672:
665:
663:
646:
637:
635:
627:
621:
605:
601:
596:
587:
583:
574:
570:
561:
557:
548:
544:
535:
531:
522:
518:
509:
505:
496:
492:
483:
476:
467:
463:
454:
447:
438:
434:
425:
418:
409:
402:
394:
379:
370:
361:
351:
342:
333:
324:
316:
312:
308:
303:
302:
281:
277:
272:
213:Marianus Scotus
180:and probably a
174:
106:
93:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1762:
1760:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1642:Hensley Henson
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1541:Nicholas Monck
1538:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1497:Francis Godwin
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1416:Thomas Mylling
1413:
1411:John Stanberry
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1381:Robert Mascall
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:John de Breton
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1270:Gilbert Foliot
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1077:Early Medieval
1074:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1005:
997:
996:
985:
984:External links
982:
980:
979:
959:10.1086/357318
953:(4): 562–586.
939:
937:
934:
932:
931:
925:
912:
892:10.1086/346608
886:(2): 188–199.
873:
867:
854:
848:
835:
829:
804:
798:
785:
767:(370): 71–89.
754:
748:
732:
720:
714:
701:
695:
679:
644:
625:
619:
602:
600:
597:
595:
594:
581:
577:English Church
568:
555:
542:
529:
516:
503:
490:
474:
461:
457:English Church
445:
432:
426:Fryde, et al.
416:
412:English Church
400:
377:
359:
340:
322:
309:
307:
304:
301:
300:
294:and father of
282:Also known as
274:
273:
271:
268:
173:
170:
156:following the
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
112:
111:
103:
99:
98:
90:
86:
85:
81:
80:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
34:
30:
29:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1761:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:Richard Frith
1693:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:John Eastaugh
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:Tom Longworth
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1637:John Percival
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1607:John Luxmoore
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1571:Henry Egerton
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1546:Herbert Croft
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1502:William Juxon
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:Robert Bennet
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1472:Robert Parfew
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:Edmund Bonner
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1447:Charles Booth
1445:
1443:
1442:Richard Mayew
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1421:Edmund Audley
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:Thomas Polton
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1356:John Trilleck
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:Late Medieval
1337:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:Robert Foliot
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:High Medieval
1206:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
988:
987:
983:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
947:
941:
940:
935:
928:
926:0-85115-708-4
922:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
880:
874:
870:
868:0-520-05674-4
864:
860:
855:
851:
849:0-7524-3528-0
845:
841:
836:
832:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
805:
801:
799:0-521-56350-X
795:
791:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:
755:
751:
749:0-631-15439-6
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
715:1-85285-183-X
711:
707:
702:
698:
696:0-19-822741-8
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
633:
632:
626:
622:
620:0-582-50236-5
616:
612:
608:
607:Barlow, Frank
604:
603:
598:
591:
585:
582:
578:
572:
569:
565:
559:
556:
552:
551:Anselm of Bec
546:
543:
539:
533:
530:
526:
520:
517:
513:
507:
504:
500:
494:
491:
487:
481:
479:
475:
471:
465:
462:
458:
452:
450:
446:
442:
436:
433:
429:
423:
421:
417:
413:
407:
405:
401:
398:
392:
390:
388:
386:
384:
382:
378:
374:
368:
366:
364:
360:
357:
356:
349:
347:
345:
341:
337:
331:
329:
327:
323:
320:
314:
311:
305:
297:
293:
289:
285:
279:
276:
269:
267:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
222:
221:Domesday Book
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
190:
187:
183:
179:
171:
169:
167:
163:
162:Domesday Book
159:
155:
151:
143:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
113:
110:
104:
100:
97:
91:
87:
82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
43:
35:
31:
28:
24:
17:
1699:
1686:
1647:Linton Smith
1627:Renn Hampden
1561:Philip Bisse
1534:Commonwealth
1531:
1517:Matthew Wren
1430:Early modern
1386:Edmund Lacey
1371:John Gilbert
1346:Adam Orleton
1234:
1036:
1017:
950:
944:
916:
883:
877:
858:
839:
812:
789:
764:
758:
739:
727:
705:
686:
664:. Retrieved
652:
636:. Retrieved
630:
610:
589:
584:
576:
571:
563:
558:
550:
545:
537:
532:
524:
519:
511:
506:
498:
493:
485:
469:
464:
456:
440:
435:
427:
411:
396:
372:
353:
335:
318:
313:
287:
283:
278:
257:
238:
206:
191:
175:
168:to England.
149:
148:
138:Denomination
123:26 June 1095
102:Consecration
44:26 June 1095
1729:1095 deaths
1677:John Oliver
1667:Mark Hodson
1632:James Atlay
1617:Edward Grey
1595:Late modern
1586:John Butler
1581:John Harley
1527:George Coke
1467:John Harley
1452:Edward Foxe
1300:Hugh Foliot
472:pp. 110–111
72:probably a
49:Predecessor
1723:Categories
1482:John Scory
1462:John Skypp
1023:1079–1095
638:26 October
599:References
590:William II
373:William II
232:, who was
89:Ordination
41:Term ended
1215:Æthelstan
1144:Wulfheard
1094:Torhthere
990:Robert 15
975:145470451
908:144942058
677:required)
540:pp. 36–37
497:Chibnall
484:Williams
468:Chibnall
439:Bartlett
414:pp. 63–64
375:pp. 76–77
306:Citations
209:chronicle
59:Successor
33:Appointed
1690:(acting)
1189:Wulfhelm
1174:Cynemund
1159:Cuthwulf
1134:Ceolmund
1124:Aldberht
1099:Walhstod
738:(1986).
726:(1958).
685:(2000).
609:(1979).
202:Lanfranc
178:Lorraine
107:by
94:by
1310:Michael
1250:Reynelm
1225:Ealdred
1220:Leofgar
1184:Tidhelm
1169:Deorlaf
1154:Eadwulf
1089:Tyrhtel
666:28 June
575:Barlow
562:Cantor
549:Vaughn
536:Cantor
455:Barlow
410:Barlow
352:Barrow
1240:Gerard
1199:Athulf
1194:Ælfric
1149:Beonna
1119:Headda
1029:Gerard
1012:Walter
973:
967:235377
965:
923:
906:
900:224707
898:
865:
846:
827:
796:
781:567158
779:
746:
712:
693:
617:
592:p. 139
588:Mason
579:p. 259
501:p. 124
488:p. 149
443:p. 621
430:p. 250
371:Mason
338:p. 197
264:Aachen
251:, the
249:Anselm
230:Osmund
226:abacus
166:abacus
128:Buried
84:Orders
63:Gerard
53:Walter
1245:Roger
1179:Edgar
1164:Mucel
1109:Podda
1084:Putta
971:S2CID
963:JSTOR
904:S2CID
896:JSTOR
777:JSTOR
566:p. 95
527:p. 77
514:p. 32
459:p. 15
270:Notes
182:canon
78:Liège
74:canon
1139:Utel
1129:Esne
1114:Acca
946:Isis
921:ISBN
879:Isis
863:ISBN
844:ISBN
825:ISBN
794:ISBN
744:ISBN
710:ISBN
691:ISBN
668:2008
640:2007
615:ISBN
336:Isis
286:and
247:and
172:Life
120:Died
992:at
955:doi
888:doi
817:doi
769:doi
657:doi
211:of
184:of
76:of
1725::
969:.
961:.
951:86
949:.
902:.
894:.
884:16
882:.
823:.
811:.
775:.
765:94
763:.
651:.
477:^
448:^
419:^
403:^
380:^
362:^
343:^
325:^
236:.
1536:)
1062:e
1055:t
1048:v
977:.
957::
929:.
910:.
890::
871:.
852:.
833:.
819::
802:.
783:.
771::
752:.
718:.
699:.
670:.
659::
642:.
623:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.