135:
420:), and then as deputy director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency, sharing responsibility for managing a $ 270 million per year program of research and development. In July 1966 he became Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research and Development, responsible for all Navy programs of research, development, engineering, test and evaluation averaging $ 2.5 billion annually. From January 1973 to July 1975, Frosch served as assistant executive director of the
27:
428:
401:. Frosch was first associate and then director of the laboratories, where he managed 300 employees, two ocean-going research vessels, and a $ 3.5 million annual budget for fundamental research and engineering. During this period he was also technical director of
424:. With the rank of assistant secretary general of the United Nations, he was responsible for substantive global program activities of the United Nations system and other international activities related to environment matters.
1533:
147:
1523:
485:. After retiring, he remained active in scientific and technical policy activities; as a senior research fellow at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, and a guest investigator at
1508:
377:
Between
September 1951 and August 1963, Frosch worked as a research scientist and director of research programs for Hudson Laboratories of Columbia University in
1009:
1518:
1498:
1543:
1513:
963:
1528:
644:
Oral history interview transcript with Robert Frosch on 15 September 1981, American
Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
600:
486:
421:
302:
718:
650:
Oral history interview transcript with Robert Frosch on 6 October 1981, American
Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
638:
Oral history interview transcript with Robert Frosch on 19 August 1981, American
Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
413:
1538:
632:
Oral history interview transcript with Robert Frosch on 23 July 1981, American
Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
626:
Oral history interview transcript with Robert Frosch on 10 July 1981, American
Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
656:
Oral history interview transcript with Robert Frosch on 28 May 1998, American
Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
1002:
409:
298:
110:
44:
1503:
1379:
91:
477:
63:
48:
533:
431:
Assistant
Secretary of the Navy for Research and Development meets the Commanding Officer of Naval Undersea Warfare Station.
472:
446:
995:
883:
457:
70:
493:
234:
464:
77:
37:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
463:
Frosch left NASA with the change of administrations in
January 1981 to become vice president for research at the
1065:
440:
382:
655:
59:
1041:
868:
711:
595:
134:
1340:
1140:
1113:
1454:
1430:
919:
840:
733:
481:. In 1996, his leadership at GM was recognized once more by IRI with the presentation of their official
468:
378:
435:
While at NASA, Frosch was responsible for overseeing the continuation of the development effort on the
1493:
1488:
1227:
858:
511:
1352:
1293:
1233:
1168:
1125:
1021:
863:
822:
696:
556:
371:
288:
265:
249:
1162:
1059:
791:
704:
678:
350:(May 22, 1928 – December 30, 2020) was an American scientist who was the fifth administrator of
1311:
1287:
1269:
1101:
771:
756:
671:
560:
398:
180:
84:
1466:
1391:
1218:
1131:
1095:
835:
776:
741:
417:
1251:
1119:
853:
801:
751:
402:
786:
1442:
1367:
1245:
1239:
1194:
1188:
968:
894:
796:
766:
688:
394:
192:
1482:
1460:
1448:
1373:
1305:
1209:
1156:
1077:
1035:
947:
942:
873:
845:
781:
746:
507:
436:
1424:
1409:
1385:
1299:
1263:
1152:
1146:
390:
355:
168:
319:
1436:
1403:
1397:
1358:
1281:
1257:
937:
932:
806:
439:
program. During his tenure, the project underwent testing of the first orbiter,
26:
427:
1317:
1203:
1083:
927:
830:
549:
1346:
1275:
908:
564:
482:
367:
260:
366:
Born in New York City, Frosch was educated in the public school system in
976:
568:
370:. He earned undergraduate and graduate degrees in theoretical physics at
987:
453:
408:
In
September 1963, Frosch went to Washington, D.C., to work with the
313:
426:
386:
347:
270:
148:
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
1018:
496:, on December 30, 2020, at the age of 92, after a long illness.
351:
306:
991:
700:
20:
581:
Frosch, Robert A. "R&D Choices and Technology Transfer,"
405:, a very large experimental active sonar system development.
1534:
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
467:
Research Laboratories. In 1985, he was the recipient of the
385:. Until 1953, he worked on problems in underwater sound,
354:. He was the administrator from 1977 to 1981 during the
1524:
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
1327:
1178:
1028:
956:
882:
815:
732:
312:
294:
284:
256:
245:
224:
207:
202:
186:
174:
164:
145:
125:
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
551:Magnetic hyperfine structure in diatomic molecules
548:
416:, serving as director for nuclear test detection (
320:Magnetic hyperfine structure in diatomic molecules
727:Administrators and deputy administrators of NASA
1003:
712:
8:
585:, Vol. 27, No. 3 (May–June 1984), pp. 11-14.
1010:
996:
988:
719:
705:
697:
660:
122:
160:June 21, 1977 – January 20, 1981
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1509:American officials of the United Nations
475:for a paper published in IRI's journal,
381:, an organization under contract to the
528:
526:
524:
520:
506:Portions of this article are based on
7:
601:Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
487:Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
422:United Nations Environmental Program
303:United Nations Environmental Program
49:adding citations to reliable sources
1519:Columbia College (New York) alumni
452:He was appointed an International
14:
410:Advanced Research Projects Agency
1499:20th-century American physicists
133:
25:
1544:American theoretical physicists
1514:Carter administration personnel
36:needs additional citations for
16:American scientist (1928–2020)
1:
1529:Harvard Kennedy School people
473:Industrial Research Institute
447:Dryden Flight Research Center
957:Acting deputy administrators
547:Frosch, Robert Alan (1952).
458:Royal Academy of Engineering
494:South Hadley, Massachusetts
235:South Hadley, Massachusetts
1560:
414:U.S. Department of Defense
1539:Scientists from the Bronx
685:
676:
668:
663:
338:
334:
330:
277:
241:
198:
153:
141:
132:
1066:Walter Ransom Gail Baker
449:in southern California.
383:Office of Naval Research
1215:Shigeru Yonezawa (1982)
1185:Edward W. Herold (1976)
1137:Morris D. Hooven (1970)
1042:Alfred Norton Goldsmith
869:Robert M. Lightfoot Jr.
1504:Administrators of NASA
1341:Thomas Eugene Everhart
1114:Elmer William Engstrom
432:
1455:John Brooks Slaughter
1431:N. R. Narayana Murthy
1364:Toshiharu Aoki (2006)
1224:Koji Kobayashi (1984)
920:James R. Thompson Jr.
884:Deputy administrators
841:William Robert Graham
816:Acting administrators
469:Maurice Holland Award
430:
379:Dobbs Ferry, New York
356:Carter administration
1415:James Plummer (2015)
859:Frederick D. Gregory
45:improve this article
1353:Mildred Dresselhaus
1294:Norman R. Augustine
1234:George H. Heilmeier
1126:Patrick E. Haggerty
864:Christopher Scolese
664:Government offices
583:Research Management
557:Columbia University
478:Research Management
372:Columbia University
289:Theoretical Physics
266:IEEE Founders Medal
250:Columbia University
1163:Lawrence A. Hyland
1060:Raymond A. Heising
792:Michael D. Griffin
679:NASA Administrator
596:"Robert A. Frosch"
433:
345:Robert Alan Frosch
127:Robert Alan Frosch
60:"Robert A. Frosch"
1476:
1475:
1312:Benjamin M. Rosen
1288:Malcolm R. Currie
1270:Roland W. Schmitt
1102:Andrew McNaughton
985:
984:
924:Frederick Gregory
772:James C. Fletcher
757:James C. Fletcher
695:
694:
686:Succeeded by
672:James C. Fletcher
534:"List of Fellows"
399:marine geophysics
342:
341:
279:Scientific career
228:December 30, 2020
181:James C. Fletcher
121:
120:
113:
95:
1551:
1467:Tsu-Jae King Liu
1392:James F. Gibbons
1335:Robert A. Frosch
1219:Joseph M. Pettit
1200:Hanzo Omi (1979)
1169:John G. Brainerd
1132:E. Finley Carter
1096:Frederick Terman
1012:
1005:
998:
989:
836:Alan M. Lovelace
777:Richard H. Truly
762:Robert A. Frosch
742:T. Keith Glennan
721:
714:
707:
698:
669:Preceded by
661:
613:
612:
610:
608:
592:
586:
579:
573:
572:
554:
544:
538:
537:
530:
326:
231:
217:
215:
203:Personal details
189:
177:
158:
137:
123:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1323:
1252:Ivan A. Getting
1174:
1120:Harvey Fletcher
1024:
1016:
986:
981:
973:Daniel Mulville
952:
878:
854:Daniel Mulville
811:
802:Jim Bridenstine
752:Thomas O. Paine
728:
725:
691:
682:
674:
622:
617:
616:
606:
604:
594:
593:
589:
580:
576:
546:
545:
541:
532:
531:
522:
502:
492:Frosch died in
403:Project Artemis
364:
324:
305:
301:
269:
264:
246:Alma mater
233:
229:
219:
213:
211:
187:
175:
159:
154:
128:
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1557:
1555:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1443:Jen-Hsun Huang
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1368:Anita K. Jones
1365:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1246:Ian Munro Ross
1243:
1240:James B. Owens
1237:
1231:
1228:William Norris
1225:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1195:Donald G. Fink
1192:
1189:Jerome Wiesner
1186:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1022:Founders Medal
1017:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1000:
992:
983:
982:
980:
979:
974:
971:
969:John R. Dailey
966:
960:
958:
954:
953:
951:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
922:
917:
914:
913:William Graham
911:
906:
903:
900:
897:
895:Robert Seamans
892:
888:
886:
880:
879:
877:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
825:
819:
817:
813:
812:
810:
809:
804:
799:
797:Charles Bolden
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
767:James M. Beggs
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
738:
736:
734:Administrators
730:
729:
726:
724:
723:
716:
709:
701:
693:
692:
689:James M. Beggs
687:
684:
675:
670:
666:
665:
659:
658:
653:
647:
641:
635:
629:
621:
620:External links
618:
615:
614:
587:
574:
539:
519:
518:
517:
516:
501:
498:
465:General Motors
412:(ARPA) in the
395:marine geology
363:
360:
340:
339:
336:
335:
332:
331:
328:
327:
316:
310:
309:
296:
292:
291:
286:
282:
281:
275:
274:
258:
254:
253:
247:
243:
242:
239:
238:
232:(aged 92)
226:
222:
221:
209:
205:
204:
200:
199:
196:
195:
193:James M. Beggs
190:
184:
183:
178:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
151:
150:
143:
142:
139:
138:
130:
129:
126:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1556:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1461:Rodney Brooks
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1449:Henry Samueli
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:Craig Barrett
1378:
1375:
1374:Steven Sample
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1306:Alan W. Rudge
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:James Hillier
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1157:David Packard
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:Haraden Pratt
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1036:David Sarnoff
1034:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
999:
994:
993:
990:
978:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
959:
955:
949:
948:Pamela Melroy
946:
944:
943:James Morhard
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
923:
921:
918:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:Alan Lovelace
904:
901:
898:
896:
893:
890:
889:
887:
885:
881:
875:
874:Steve Jurczyk
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:Richard Truly
849:
847:
846:Dale D. Myers
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
818:
814:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
782:Daniel Goldin
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
747:James E. Webb
745:
743:
740:
739:
737:
735:
731:
722:
717:
715:
710:
708:
703:
702:
699:
690:
681:
680:
673:
667:
662:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
640:- Session III
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
623:
619:
603:
602:
597:
591:
588:
584:
578:
575:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
552:
543:
540:
535:
529:
527:
525:
521:
515:
513:
509:
508:public domain
504:
503:
499:
497:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
479:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
443:
438:
437:Space Shuttle
429:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
361:
359:
357:
353:
349:
346:
337:
333:
329:
322:
321:
317:
315:
311:
308:
304:
300:
297:
293:
290:
287:
283:
280:
276:
272:
267:
262:
259:
255:
252:(BS. MA, PhD)
251:
248:
244:
240:
236:
227:
223:
220:New York City
210:
206:
201:
197:
194:
191:
185:
182:
179:
173:
170:
167:
163:
157:
152:
149:
144:
140:
136:
131:
124:
115:
112:
104:
101:February 2021
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
1425:Takeo Kanade
1418:
1410:Eric Schmidt
1386:Paul E. Gray
1334:
1328:2001–present
1300:Gordon Moore
1264:Irwin Dorros
1153:Bill Hewlett
1147:Masaru Ibuka
1107:
1089:
1071:
1053:
1047:
899:Thomas Paine
827:Thomas Paine
787:Sean O'Keefe
761:
677:
634:- Session II
605:. Retrieved
599:
590:
582:
577:
567:– via
550:
542:
505:
491:
476:
462:
451:
445:, at NASA's
441:
434:
418:Project VELA
407:
391:oceanography
376:
365:
344:
343:
318:
295:Institutions
278:
230:(2020-12-30)
218:May 22, 1928
188:Succeeded by
169:Jimmy Carter
155:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1494:2020 deaths
1489:1928 births
1437:Robin Saxby
1404:Leo Beranek
1398:F. C. Kohli
1359:Eugene Wong
1282:Akio Morita
1258:Erich Bloch
1141:Ernst Weber
964:Aaron Cohen
938:Dava Newman
933:Lori Garver
891:Hugh Dryden
823:Hugh Dryden
807:Bill Nelson
628:- Session I
176:Preceded by
1483:Categories
1318:Bob Galvin
1204:Simon Ramo
1084:Ralph Bown
928:Shana Dale
916:Dale Myers
902:George Low
831:George Low
683:1977–1981
607:January 3,
510:text from
500:References
442:Enterprise
214:1928-05-22
71:newspapers
1347:Ray Stata
1276:Ken Olsen
1179:1976–2000
1029:1953–1975
909:Hans Mark
555:(Ph.D.).
471:from the
460:in 1989.
368:The Bronx
362:Biography
261:IRI Medal
165:President
156:In office
1419:No award
1108:No award
1090:No award
1072:No award
1054:No award
1048:No award
977:Lesa Roe
569:ProQuest
565:35805315
146:5th
456:of the
85:scholar
1469:(2024)
1463:(2023)
1457:(2022)
1451:(2021)
1445:(2020)
1439:(2019)
1433:(2018)
1427:(2017)
1421:(2016)
1412:(2014)
1406:(2013)
1400:(2012)
1394:(2011)
1388:(2010)
1382:(2009)
1376:(2008)
1370:(2007)
1361:(2005)
1355:(2004)
1349:(2003)
1343:(2002)
1337:(2001)
1320:(2000)
1314:(1999)
1308:(1998)
1302:(1997)
1296:(1996)
1290:(1995)
1284:(1994)
1278:(1993)
1272:(1992)
1266:(1991)
1260:(1990)
1254:(1989)
1248:(1988)
1242:(1987)
1236:(1986)
1230:(1985)
1221:(1983)
1212:(1981)
1206:(1980)
1197:(1978)
1191:(1977)
1171:(1975)
1165:(1974)
1159:(1973)
1149:(1972)
1143:(1971)
1134:(1969)
1128:(1968)
1122:(1967)
1116:(1966)
1110:(1965)
1104:(1964)
1098:(1963)
1092:(1962)
1086:(1961)
1080:(1960)
1074:(1959)
1068:(1958)
1062:(1957)
1056:(1956)
1050:(1955)
1044:(1954)
1038:(1953)
563:
454:Fellow
397:, and
325:(1952)
323:
314:Thesis
285:Fields
273:(1989)
268:(2001)
263:(1996)
257:Awards
237:, U.S.
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
483:Medal
387:sonar
348:FREng
271:FREng
92:JSTOR
78:books
1155:and
1019:IEEE
646:- IV
609:2022
561:OCLC
512:NASA
352:NASA
307:NASA
299:ARPA
225:Died
208:Born
64:news
652:- V
47:by
1485::
598:.
559:.
523:^
489:.
393:,
389:,
374:.
358:.
1011:e
1004:t
997:v
720:e
713:t
706:v
611:.
571:.
536:.
514:.
216:)
212:(
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
