Knowledge (XXG)

Robert Creeley

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692:, had some tendencies toward concrete imagery. It was hard for many readers and critics to immediately understand Creeley's reputation as an innovative poet, for his innovations were often very subtle; even harder for some to imagine that his work lived up to the Black Mountain tenet—which he articulated to Charles Olson in their correspondence, and which Olson popularized in his essay "Projective Verse,"—that "form is never more than an extension of content," for his poems were often written in 521: 27: 611: 135: 1931: 566:
seemed to take this responsibility extremely seriously, in both his life and his craft. In his later years, when he became well-known, he would go to lengths to make strangers, who approached him as a well-known author, feel comfortable. In his last years, he used the Internet to keep in touch with many younger poets and friends.
715:("word-count") prosody; the number of words per line varies from three to seven, but the norm is four to six. Another technique to be found in this piece is variable rhyme—there is no set rhyme scheme, but some of the lines rhyme and the poem concludes with a rhymed couplet. All of the stanzas are quatrains, as in the first two: 754:
quoted Creeley's "preoccupation with a personal rhythm in the sense that the discovery of an external equivalent of the speaking self is felt to be the true object of poetry," and went on to say that this speaking self serves both as the center of the poem's universe and the private life of the poet.
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In his later years he was an advocate of, and a mentor to, many younger poets, as well as to others outside of the poetry world. He went to great lengths to be supportive to many people regardless of any poetic affiliation. Being responsive appeared to be essential to his personal ethics, and he
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Creeley has long been aware that he is part of a definable tradition in the American poetry of this century, so long as 'tradition' is thought of in general terms and so long as it recognizes crucial distinctions among its members. The tradition most visible to the general public has been the
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in the 1940s and early 1950s. Parallel to that tradition has been the tradition Creeley identifies with, the Pound-Olson-Zukofsky-Black Mountain tradition, what M. L. Rosenthal calls 'The Projectivist Movement.' This "movement" Rosenthal derives from Olson's essay on "Projective
774:. In Hoffman's opinion, "Creeley has never included ideas, or commitments to social issues, in the repertoire of his work; his stripped-down poems have been, as it were, a proving of Pound's belief in 'technique as the test of a man's sincerity'" (p. 533). 2297: 750:", but most of his forms were strict enough so that it is a question whether it can even be maintained that he wrote in forms of prose. This particular poem is verse-mode, not prose-mode. M. L. Rosenthal in his book 2748: 2290: 2798: 559: 2793: 2176: 2283: 593:
In 2016, a short documentary was made about Robert Creeley's son, Will Creeley, in which Will shared stories of his father's legacy and their relationship. The film was entitled
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in 1955, teaching some courses there as well. After teaching in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Creeley visited San Francisco for two months in the spring of 1956, having heard from
688:, Creeley's first book, was published in 1952, and since then, according to his publisher, barely a year passed without a new collection of poems. The 1983 entry, titled 392:
In a quiet moment I hear Bob pause where I never would have expected it. Such resolve. Such heart. And an ear to reckon with. No truly further American poem without his.
1289:(New York and London: Marion Boyars, 1984; corrected edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985); current edition, Normal: Dalkey Archive Press, 2001, 2084: 2693: 2216: 453:. He said that Martin and Janet Seymour-Smith are represented by Artie and Marge in the novel. During 1954 and 1955, Creeley traveled back and forth between 2783: 2743: 2543: 2758: 2773: 2753: 1998: 2733: 2723: 2306: 2738: 1758: 1706: 1517: 1294: 548: 445:, Charles Olson, and others. Creeley wrote about half of his published prose while living on the island, including a short-story collection, 766:, which he edited, that as he grew older, Creeley's work tended to become increasingly fragmentary in nature, even the titles subsequent to 2778: 2768: 1953: 2104: 1909: 2763: 2057: 555: 2728: 2788: 2718: 2179:" a brief capsule of Creeley's last days at a writer's colony in West Texas where he died in March 2005, already ill with emphysema. 2015: 1979: 1653: 1491: 1478: 1462: 1367: 1213: 1200: 913: 866: 654: 110: 621: 2155:
includes links to over two dozen poems, an extensive bibliography, a perspicacious biography, and suggestions for further reading
2708: 44: 2703: 2076: 823: 509:, in a converted firehouse at the corner of Amherst and East Streets. At the time of his death, he was in residence with the 91: 48: 249:(May 21, 1926 – March 30, 2005) was an American poet and author of more than sixty books. He is usually associated with the 482:; they lived together in a common law marriage until 1975 and had two children, Sarah and Katherine. He dedicated his book 63: 2713: 791:) featuring poems by Creeley set to music, and Creeley later collaborated with Swallow on three further albums, including 2698: 2119: 2111:
transcript included in special Robert Creeley Issue, Journal of American Studies of Turkey (JAST), No. 27, Spring 2008.
1671: 2158: 70: 2536: 1961: 1957: 1941: 636: 2552: 2529: 2130: 902:(New York: Jargon Books in association with Corinth Books, 1959; Fontwell, Arundel, Sussex, England: Centaur, 1960) 783: 490: 438: 346: 632: 337:. He and his sister, Helen, were raised by their mother. At the age of two, he lost his left eye. He attended the 37: 1559: 1280: 2088: 810:
at the beginning of the 1960s. Posthumous publications of Creeley's work have included the second volume of his
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stanzas that break into and out of rhyme as happenstance appears to dictate. An example is "The Hero," from
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From 1951 to 1955, Creeley and his wife, Ann, lived with their three children on the Spanish island of
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and includes selected poems, a multimedia & internet directory, live feeds, and other resources
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and his teaching position at Black Mountain College. He also saw to the printing of some issues of
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Records of Robert Creeley are held by Simon Fraser University's Special Collections and Rare Books
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Despite these obviously formal elements various critics continue to insist that Creeley wrote in "
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and Black Mountain Review on Mallorca, because the printing costs were significantly lower there.
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in 1944–1945. He returned to Harvard in 1946, but eventually earned his BA from
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The Typewriter Is Holy: The Complete, Uncensored History of the Beat Generation
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in 1967. He would stay at this post until 2003, when he received a post at
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Robert Creeley Poetry Reading at Berkeley Poetry Conference, July 22, 1965
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Irving Layton and Robert Creeley: The Complete Correspondence 1953-1978.
1642:, edited by Benjamin Friedlander; (University of California Press, 2008) 1598:"Jacket 26 – October 2004 – Robert Adamson on Robert Creeley, 1926–2005" 1314:(Buffalo: The Poetry/Rare Books Collection, university at Buffalo, 1988) 429:. They went there at the encouragement of their friends, British writer 2370: 2085:
Robert Creeley and Denise Levertov: panel discussion; November 14, 1984
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For my mother: Genevieve Jules Creeley, April 8, 1887 – October 7, 1972
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In an essay titled "Poetry: Schools of Dissidents," the academic poet
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Eliot-Stevens tradition supported by the intellectual probings of the
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Sparrow 40: Was That a Real Poem or Did You Just Make It Up Yourself
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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
1549:"For Will" short (directed by Grayson Goga and Grace Stalley), 2016 995:(Los Angeles: Black Sparrow Press, 1968; New York: Scribners, 1969) 489:
Creeley read at the 1963 Vancouver Poetry Festival and at the 1965
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Contexts of Poetry: Interviews 1961–1971, edited by Donald Allen
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The Robert Creeley Papers at Washington University in St. Louis
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Poet be like God: Jack Spicer and the San Francisco renaissance
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Creeley first received fame in 1962 from his poetry collection
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Charles Olson and Robert Creeley: The Complete Correspondence.
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hinting at the fragmentation of experience in Creeley's work:
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ON WORDS: A Conference on the Life and Work of Robert Creeley
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Robert Creeley: A Biography. McGill-Queen's University Press.
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in founding the Poetics Program at Buffalo. Creeley lived in
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Others on Creeley including retrospectives, essays, tributes
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starting in 1958 until about 1960 or 1961. In 1957, he met
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about a local poetic "renaissance" underway. There he met
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On Words: Reasserting the Power of Robert Creeley's Verse
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Robert Creeley: Profile, Poems, Essay, Audio at Poets.org
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Robert Creeley died in the morning of March 30, 2005, in
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10 vols. (Santa Barbara: Black Sparrow Press, 1980–1996)
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may not follow Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines
1672:"Interview by Alastair Johnston regarding Divers Press" 628: 2223:
Of Accumulation: The Collected Poems of Robert Creeley
1532:(directed by Bruce Jackson and Diane Christian), 1988. 1239:(Knotting, Bedfordshire, England: Sceptre Press, 1980) 1221:(Knotting, Bedfordshire, England: Sceptre Press, 1978) 1183:(Knotting, Bedfordshire, England: Sceptre Press, 1977) 937:(London: John Calder, 1965; New York: Scribners, 1965) 921:(New York: Scribners, 1963; London: John Calder, 1964) 275:
Samuel P. Capen Professor of Poetry and the Humanities
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from 1989 until 1991. He was elected a Fellow of the
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Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
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A Directory of the Beat Generation & Literature
1169:(Santa Barbara, Calif.: Black Sparrow Press, 1976). 528:, during the taping of "Add-Verse", 2004, photo by 229: 219: 208: 200: 181: 164: 144: 125: 51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1690: 1447:, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006) 1251:; Creeley, Robert; Butterick, George F. (editor). 1131:(Santa Barbara, Calif.: Black Sparrow Press, 1976) 764:The Harvard Guide to Contemporary American Writing 2131:20 Questions with Robert Creeley at Milk Magazine 1375:(La Laguna, Canary Islands: Zasterle Press, 1991) 1261:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982). 501:. From 1990 to 2003, he lived with his family in 2794:American Field Service personnel of World War II 1441:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006) 1387:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991) 1332:(Zürich, Switzerland: Bruno Bischofberger, 1989) 1259:The Collected Poems of Robert Creeley, 1945–1975 861:(Palma de Mallorca, Spain: Divers Press, 1954). 717: 673: 390: 2237:Online poetry, poems and artist collaborations 2219:article by Michael Kelleher at Art Voice site. 2073:Robert Creeley and John Wieners: Nov. 15, 1973 1023:(San Francisco: Four Seasons Foundation, 1970) 955:(London: Turret Books/Calder and Boyars, 1967) 874:(Palma de Mallorca, Spain: Divers Press, 1954) 855:(Palma de Mallorca, Spain: Divers Press, 1953) 2537: 2291: 2025:Robert Creeley Poetry Reading, April 18, 1985 1137:(Christchurch, New Zealand: Hawk Press, 1976) 8: 1208:(West Branch, Iowa: Toothpaste Press, 1978) 1125:(Düsseldorf/München, Germany: S Press, 1975) 872:A Snarling Garland of Xmas Verses, anonymous 319:Lannan Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award 1445:Collected Poems of Robert Creeley 1975–2005 1344:(Madras, India and New York: Hanuman, 1990) 1273:(West Branch, Iowa: Toothpaste Press, 1983) 1267:(West Branch, Iowa: Toothpaste Press, 1982) 1193:Hello: A Journal, February 29 – May 3, 1976 558:" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in 2544: 2530: 2522: 2298: 2284: 2276: 2120:"Robert Creeley, The Art of Poetry No. 10" 967:(Mt. Horeb, Wisc.: Perishable Press, 1968) 949:(Mt. Horeb, Wisc.: Perishable Press, 1967) 843:(Columbus, Ohio: Golden Goose Press, 1952) 133: 122: 1980:Learn how and when to remove this message 1017:A Quick Graph: Collected Notes and Essays 1013:(Bolinas, Calif.: Angel Hair Books, 1970) 655:Learn how and when to remove this message 111:Learn how and when to remove this message 2153:Poems by Creeley at PoetryFoundation.org 1510:En la tierra: últimos poemas y un ensayo 1119:(Knotting, England: Sceptre Press, 1975) 1113:(Los Angeles: Black Sparrow Press, 1974) 1107:(Los Angeles: Black Sparrow Press, 1973) 1089:(Los Angeles: Black Sparrow Press, 1973) 1055:(Los Angeles: Black Sparrow Press, 1972) 1043:(Los Angeles: Black Sparrow Press, 1971) 890:(San Francisco: Porpoise Bookshop, 1956) 671:(1978, p. 25) describes the poet, 519: 1752:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter C" 1689:Lewis Ellingham; Kevin Killian (1998). 1571: 1381:(Tarzana, Calif.: Ambrosia Press, 1991) 1095:(Rushden, England: Sceptre Press, 1973) 279:State University of New York at Buffalo 2091:: Poetry Readings and Lectures at the 1336:Robert Creeley: a Selection, 1945–1987 947:The Charm: Early and Uncollected Poems 816:The Selected Letters of Robert Creeley 798:Early work by Creeley appeared in the 341:in New Hampshire. In 1943, he entered 2229:, this appeared in the print journal 2118:and Linda Wagner-Martin (Fall 1968). 1874:, and 4 previously unpublished poems. 1759:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1697:. Wesleyan University Press. p.  1512:(México: Textofilia Ediciones, 2008) 1287:The Collected Prose of Robert Creeley 1225:Was That a Real Poem and Other Essays 549:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 7: 2694:People from Arlington, Massachusetts 2177:Writers' program adds color to Marfa 1338:(New York: Dia Art Foundation, 1989) 1320:(Albuquerque: Hoshour Gallery, 1988) 49:adding citations to reliable sources 2184:Feature: Robert Creeley (1926–2005) 2058:University of Arizona Poetry Center 1070:(New York: Bouwerie Editions, 1973) 814:, which was published in 2006, and 556:Writers and Editors War Tax Protest 405:He was a chicken farmer briefly in 379:. Creeley later met and befriended 2784:20th-century American male writers 2744:Poets Laureate of New York (state) 2064:Audio recordings of Robert Creeley 2050:Audio recordings of Robert Creeley 2037:Audio recordings of Robert Creeley 1999:Audio recordings of Robert Creeley 1393:(New York: Gagosian Gallery, 1993) 1101:(Toronto: Coach House Press, 1973) 1001:(San Francisco: Poets Press, 1969) 935:The Gold Diggers and Other Stories 724:more than that, the fair question, 711:"The Hero" is written in variable 14: 2309:The New American Poetry 1945–1960 2211:Reviews and critical perspectives 2016:Maryland Institute College of Art 1439:On Earth: Last Poems and an Essay 1362:(New York: New Directions, 1990) 1356:(Buffalo: Shuffaloff Press, 1990) 1061:(London: Calder and Boyars, 1972) 1007:(London: Calder and Boyars, 1970) 943:(London: Calder and Boyars, 1966) 726:the onerous burden of the asking. 2759:Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery 1993:Readings and talks (audio files) 1929: 1901:Robert Creeley Papers, 1950–2005 1891:McGill-Queen's University Press. 1435:(New York: New Directions, 2003) 1429:(New York: New Directions, 2001) 1417:(New York: New Directions, 1998) 1411:(New York: New Directions, 1998) 1399:(New York: New Directions, 1994) 1308:(Providence: Burning Deck, 1988) 1302:(New York: New Directions, 1986) 609: 281:. In 1991, he joined colleagues 25: 1350:(Boise: Limberlost Press, 1990) 1141:Mabel, A Story: and Other Prose 965:Divisions and Other Early Poems 560:protest against the Vietnam War 36:needs additional citations for 2774:Fulbright Distinguished Chairs 2754:Deaths from pneumonia in Texas 2077:San Francisco State University 1838:662 pgs, this volume collects 1405:(Kripplebush, NY: Nadja, 1995) 1175:(Paris: Editions de l'Atelier 824:University of California Press 1: 2734:University at Buffalo faculty 2724:Black Mountain College alumni 2159:Kerouac Alley: Robert Creeley 2142:Sites, exhibits, artist pages 2080:Poetry Center Digital Archive 2041:Naropa Poetics Audio Archives 1905:Stanford University Libraries 1540:(directed by Ron Mann), 1982. 1427:Just in Time: Poems 1984–1994 1155:Presences: A Text for Marisol 1037:; San Francisco: Mudra, 1971) 983:(New York: Poets Press, 1968) 731:hero! stepped that gracefully 369:, who had recently completed 2739:People from Waldoboro, Maine 1157:(New York: Scribners, 1976). 961:(London, Cape Goliard, 1967) 908:(New York: Scribners, 1962) 539:. He would go on to win the 317:. He was a recipient of the 2779:American Book Award winners 2769:20th-century American poets 1163:(New York: Scribners, 1976) 1005:The Finger: Poems 1966–1969 733:into his redemption, losing 667:Arthur L. Ford in his book 635:the claims made and adding 466:In 1960, Creeley earned an 345:, but left to serve in the 2815: 2764:Bollingen Prize recipients 2553:Poets Laureate of New York 2136:Interview by Robert Arnold 722:spoke its words, and heard 720:Each voice which was asked 491:Berkeley Poetry Conference 2729:Harvard University alumni 2559: 2316: 1640:Selected Poems, 1945–2005 1560:Robert Creeley Foundation 1484:Selected Poems, 1945–2005 1421:Daybook of a Virtual Poet 906:For Love: Poems 1950–1960 878:All That Is Lovely in Men 772:Words, Pieces, A Day Book 768:For Love: Poems 1950–1960 735:or gaining life thereby. 132: 16:American poet (1926–2005) 2789:Holderness School alumni 2719:Brown University faculty 2191:, with contributions by 2187:this feature, edited by 2105:Robert Creeley Interview 2093:University of Cincinnati 1123:The Door: Selected Poems 554:In 1968, he signed the " 472:University of New Mexico 417:first heard of Creeley. 407:Littleton, New Hampshire 331:Arlington, Massachusetts 158:Arlington, Massachusetts 1730:US State Poets Laureate 1409:So There: Poems 1976–83 1087:Sparrow 6: The Creative 1065:The Class of '47, with 847:The Immoral Proposition 2709:American tax resisters 2060:'s audiovisual archive 2031:"Black Mountain Blues" 1868:If I were writing this 1713:Bobbie Louise Hawkins. 1580:"Robert White Creeley" 1505:Spanish translations: 1433:If I Were Writing This 1423:(Spuyten Duyvil, 1999) 1105:Sparrow 14: Inside Out 1035:Shambhala Publications 777:In 1979, jazz bassist 744: 683: 578:of complications from 532: 394: 359:Black Mountain College 347:American Field Service 190:Black Mountain College 2704:Beat Generation poets 2391:Lawrence Ferlinghetti 2264:: Collaboration with 2255:: Collaboration with 2245:: Collaboration with 2003:Woodberry Poetry Room 1732:. Library of Congress 1654:"Meaning: I Hear You" 1638:from Robert Creeley: 523: 495:University at Buffalo 480:Bobbie Louise Hawkins 313:, where he taught at 2714:Black Mountain poets 2089:The Elliston Project 1950:improve this article 1894:Faas, Ekbert (2001) 1887:Faas, Ekbert (1990) 1629:, 2010), pp. 114–16. 1544:Black Mountain Blues 1470:and Robert Creeley. 1457:(Grove Press, 2001) 1453:and Robert Creeley. 953:Robert Creeley Reads 729:And so the hero, the 329:Creeley was born in 251:Black Mountain poets 247:Robert White Creeley 45:improve this article 2699:American male poets 2018:'s Decker Library, 1962:footnote references 1652:Schlesinger, Kyle. 1029:, illustrations by 975:Black Sparrow Press 781:released the album 524:Robert Creeley and 476:Albuquerque Academy 435:Janet Seymour-Smith 273:. He served as the 2486:Gilbert Sorrentino 2247:Francesco Clemente 2161:this feature is a 2007:Harvard University 1882:Research resources 1602:jacketmagazine.com 1468:Reznikoff, Charles 1455:New American Story 1059:A Sense of Measure 880:(Asheville, N.C.: 853:The Kind of Act Of 620:possibly contains 582:. He is buried in 533: 387:in New York City. 343:Harvard University 238:Robert Frost Medal 186:Harvard University 2671: 2670: 2519: 2518: 2511:Jonathan Williams 2346:Brother Antoninus 2126:. Fall 1968 (44). 2045:Naropa University 1990: 1989: 1982: 1708:978-0-8195-5308-9 1678:on June 29, 2007. 1660:on April 1, 2011. 1518:978-968-9459-02-6 1502: 1501: 1295:978-1-56478-303-5 882:Jonathan Williams 803:literary magazine 665: 664: 657: 622:original research 511:Lannan Foundation 507:Buffalo, New York 447:The Gold Diggers, 433:and his partner, 375:, and befriended 339:Holderness School 333:, and grew up in 287:Charles Bernstein 244: 243: 209:Literary movement 121: 120: 113: 95: 2806: 2664: 2656: 2648: 2645:Yusef Komunyakaa 2640: 2632: 2624: 2616: 2608: 2600: 2592: 2584: 2576: 2568: 2546: 2539: 2532: 2523: 2466:Joel Oppenheimer 2406:Madeline Gleason 2300: 2293: 2286: 2277: 2189:Michael Kelleher 2127: 2124:The Paris Review 2020:Internet Archive 1985: 1978: 1974: 1971: 1965: 1933: 1932: 1925: 1875: 1864:Life & Death 1840:Hello: A Journal 1836: 1830: 1829: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1790: 1784: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1756: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1722: 1716: 1715: 1696: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1674:. 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Archived from 1649: 1643: 1636: 1630: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1594: 1588: 1587: 1576: 1537:Poetry in Motion 1524:Film appearances 1472:The Manner Music 1451:Allen, Donald M. 1415:Life & Death 1403:Loops: Ten Poems 1391:Life & Death 859:The Gold Diggers 835: 742: 660: 653: 649: 646: 640: 637:inline citations 613: 612: 605: 505:neighborhood of 499:Brown University 401: 315:Brown University 291:Raymond Federman 215:, Post-Modernism 171: 154: 152: 137: 123: 116: 109: 105: 102: 96: 94: 60:"Robert Creeley" 53: 29: 21: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2674: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2659: 2653:Alicia Ostriker 2651: 2643: 2635: 2627: 2619: 2611: 2603: 2595: 2587: 2579: 2571: 2563: 2555: 2550: 2520: 2515: 2446:Michael McClure 2436:Denise Levertov 2431:Philip Lamantia 2351:James Broughton 2312: 2304: 2114: 1986: 1975: 1969: 1966: 1947: 1938:This article's 1934: 1930: 1923: 1884: 1879: 1878: 1837: 1833: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1803: 1801: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1777: 1773: 1763: 1761: 1754: 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Creeley in 1972
Arlington, Massachusetts
Odessa, Texas
Harvard University
Black Mountain College
BA
Modernism
Bollingen Prize
Robert Frost Medal
Black Mountain poets
Charles Olson
Robert Duncan
Allen Ginsberg
John Wieners
Ed Dorn
Samuel P. Capen Professor of Poetry and the Humanities
State University of New York at Buffalo
Susan Howe
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