38:
352:
1287:
506:
Robert's attitude towards the Church had changed noticeably certainly since reinstating his uncle's position as
Archbishop of Rouen. In his attempt to reconcile his differences with the Church, he restored property that he or his vassals had confiscated, and by 1034 had returned all the properties he
404:
When
Richard III died a year later, there were suspicions that Robert had something to do with his death. Although nothing could be proven, Robert had the most to gain. The civil war Robert I had brought against his brother Richard III was still causing instability in the duchy. Private wars raged
471:. After sacking Dol and repelling Alan's attempts to raid Avranches, Robert mounted a major campaign against his cousin Alan III. However, Alan appealed to their uncle, Archbishop Robert of Rouen, who then brokered a peace between Duke Robert and his vassal Alan III. His cousins, the Athelings
655:
II, 270–2, but gives a different opinion. She noted that Robert de
Torigni stated here she was the uterine sister of Duke William "so we might perhaps conclude that she shared both mother and father with the Conqueror." But as Torigni wrote a century after Adelaide's birth
487:, had been living at the Norman Court and at one point Robert, on their behalf, attempted to mount an invasion of England but was prevented in doing so, it was said, by unfavourable winds, that scattered and sank much of the fleet. Robert made a safe landing in Guernsey.
412:
It was also during this time that many of the lesser nobility left
Normandy to seek their fortunes in southern Italy and elsewhere. Soon after assuming the duchy, possibly in revenge for supporting his brother against him, Robert I assembled an army against his uncle,
612:, Ed. & Trans. Elizabeth M.C. Van Houts, Vol. I (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992), pp. 84–5, n. 2. However, it was common in Normandy during the eleventh century to attribute any sudden and unexplained death to poisoning. See: David C. Douglas,
341:). The last is sometimes reckoned a misnomer, as he is not called Robert the Devil in surviving contemporary accounts and the name seems to have been a conflation of the historical figure with a separate fictional one during the late Middle Ages.
420:
Robert also attacked another powerful churchman, his cousin Hugo III d'Ivry, Bishop of Bayeux, banishing him from
Normandy for an extended period of time. Robert also seized a number of church properties belonging to the Abbey of Fecamp.
497:
sent envoys to Duke Robert offering to settle half the
Kingdom of England on Edward and Alfred. After postponing the naval invasion, he chose to also postpone the decision until after he returned from Jerusalem.
533:, decades later his son William sent a mission to Constantinople and Nicaea, charging it with bringing his father's body back to Normandy for burial. Permission was granted but, having travelled as far as
396:. In August 1026, their father Richard II died and Richard III became duke, but soon afterwards Robert rebelled against him, and was subsequently defeated and forced to swear fealty to Richard.
440:, his father-in-law, was persuaded to make peace with his father in 1030 when Duke Robert promised the elder Baldwin his considerable military support. Robert gave shelter to
647:(calling them 'uterine' brothers). Based on this she concludes Adelaide was a daughter of Duke Robert by a different concubine. Kathleen Thompson cites the same passage in
1317:
537:(Italy) on the return journey, the envoys learned that William himself had meanwhile died. They then decided to re-inter Robert's body in Italy.
1070:
1188:
979:(University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964), pp. 380–1 noting she may or may not be Herleva's daughter but probably is
417:, Archbishop of Rouen and Count of Évreux. A temporary truce allowed his uncle to leave Normandy, and live in exile at the Capetian court.
660:
in that same sentence in the GND made a genealogical error, she concludes that the identity of
Adelaide's mother remains an open question.
252:
1249:
568:
414:
244:
240:
635:(one of three mentions in this volume of her being William's sister) calls her in this instance William's 'uterine' sister' (
608:(pt. iii, II, 3212–14) that Robert died of poisoning. William of Malmsebury pointed to a Ralph Mowin as the instigator. See:
1124:
1023:
433:
389:
220:
63:
1277:
1119:
640:
429:
365:
216:
163:
1327:
1063:
460:
449:
572:
452:
to succeed to the French throne after his father Robert II. For his help Henry I rewarded Robert with the French
990:
The
Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant
1322:
1169:
228:
631:
489:
484:
625:
The question of who her mother was seems to remain unsettled. Elisabeth Van Houts makes the argument that
1210:
1134:
1113:
1056:
597:
553:
530:
381:
377:
224:
133:
73:
37:
1312:
1307:
1216:
1204:
1199:
1178:
1040:
564:
472:
260:
138:
1243:
1193:
825:
576:
437:
351:
248:
1266:
1145:
938:
445:
369:
259:. He finally reconciled with his uncle and the church, restoring some property and undertaking a
236:
232:
200:
173:
695:, Vol. II, Books V-VIII, ed. Elisabeth M.C. Van Houts (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995), pp. 40–1
1237:
1107:
1091:
1083:
844:, Ed. & Trans. Elizabeth M.C. Van Houts, Vol. I (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992), pp. 78–80
644:
626:
468:
441:
373:
212:
204:
153:
125:
96:
885:, Ed. & Trans. Elizabeth M.C. Van Houts, Vol. I (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992), pp. 80–5
1291:
1079:
1030:
928:, Ed. & Trans. Elizabeth M.C. Van Houts, Vol. I (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992), p. lxxv
480:
476:
208:
45:
1227:
1140:
1014:
926:
The Gesta
Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni
883:
The Gesta
Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni
842:
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni
693:
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumieges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni
610:
The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni
282:
388:, the Viking who founded Normandy. Before he died, Richard II had decided his elder son
1262:
1161:
1151:
683:, trans. Howard Curtis (Constable & Robinson, Ltd. London, 2008), p. 97 & n. 5.
519:
494:
1301:
197:
436:, whom the younger Baldwin had driven out of Flanders. Baldwin V, supported by king
992:, Vol. I, ed. Vicary Gibbs (The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., London, 1910), p. 351
966:(University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964), p. 15, passim
815:, The History of a Dynasty (Hambledon Continuum, London, New York, 2002), p. 50
424:
Despite his domestic troubles, Robert decided to intervene in the civil war in
393:
898:, trans. Howard Curtis (Constable & Robinson, Ltd. London, 2008), p. 110
511:
405:
between neighbouring barons, which resulted in a new aristocracy arising in
264:
639:) and is of the opinion this is a mistake similar to one he made regarding
522:, reached Jerusalem, fell seriously ill and died on the return journey at
425:
406:
256:
1005:(University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964), p. 380
616:(University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964), p. 411
726:(University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964), p. 32
546:
148:
118:
534:
523:
464:
108:
1048:
797:(Manchester University Press, Manchester and New York, 2000), p. 185
392:
would succeed him while his second son Robert would become Count of
510:
After making his son William his heir, he set out on pilgrimage to
1101:
526:
on 2 July 1035. His son William, aged about eight, succeeded him.
453:
385:
350:
298:
20:
19:
For Robert I's ancestor who took the baptismal name "Robert", see
605:
560:
By Herleva or possibly another concubine, he was the father of:
1052:
223:, against whom he unsuccessfully revolted; and the father of
781:(Hambledon Continuum, London, New York, 2002), pp. 49–50
870:(Constable & Robbinson, Ltd, London, 2008), p. 103
857:(Constable & Robbinson, Ltd, London, 2008), p. 102
752:(Constable & Robbinson, Ltd, London, 2008), p. 100
239:
in 1066. During his reign, Robert quarrelled with the
1275:
467:
and appeared to have designs on the area surrounding
215:
from 1027 until his death in 1035. He was the son of
765:(Hambledon Continuum, London, New York, 2002), p. 49
739:(Hambledon Continuum, London, New York, 2002), p. 48
708:(Hambledon Continuum, London, New York, 2002), p. 46
1226:
1177:
1160:
1090:
916:(Boydell Press, Woodbridge, UK, 2008), p. 159 n. 38
169:
159:
147:
124:
114:
102:
83:
79:
69:
59:
51:
44:
30:
914:Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy: C. 1050–1134
463:began expanding his influence from the area of
1064:
8:
832:(Boydell Press, Woodbridge, UK, 2003), p. 31
507:had earlier taken from the abbey of Fecamp.
336:
324:
312:
939:"William I | Biography, Reign, & Facts"
1071:
1057:
1049:
1010:
878:
876:
36:
27:
908:
906:
904:
651:as did Elisabeth Van Houts, specifically
789:
787:
773:
771:
1282:
807:
805:
803:
672:
589:
293:), although he is sometimes considered
718:
716:
714:
830:A Companion to the Anglo-Norman World
779:The Normans, The History of a Dynasty
763:The Normans, The History of a Dynasty
737:The Normans, The History of a Dynasty
706:The Normans, The History of a Dynasty
7:
277:Robert is generally enumerated as
16:Duke of Normandy from 1027 to 1035
14:
1285:
569:Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu
255:—and meddled in the disorder in
448:, who favoured her younger son
288:
1318:11th-century dukes of Normandy
896:A Brief History of the Normans
868:A Brief History of The Normans
855:A Brief History of The Normans
750:A Brief History of The Normans
681:A Brief History of the Normans
643:and his paternal half-brother
549:of Falaise, he was father of:
545:By his mistress or concubine,
1:
641:Richard II, Duke of Normandy
430:Baldwin V, Count of Flanders
384:and great-great grandson of
227:who became the first Norman
188:– July 1035), also known as
164:Richard II, Duke of Normandy
529:According to the historian
1344:
604:, Vol. i, pp. 211–12) and
461:Alan III, Duke of Brittany
376:. He was also grandson of
193:
18:
1259:
1037:
1028:
1020:
1013:
824:Christopher Harper-Bill;
793:Elisabeth M C Van Houts,
573:Lambert II, Count of Lens
485:Athelred, King of England
374:Conan I, Duke of Brittany
35:
571:. She married secondly,
267:, during which he died.
988:George Edward Cokayne,
943:Encyclopedia Britannica
567:, who married firstly,
518:he travelled by way of
516:Gesta Normannorum Ducum
490:Gesta Normannorum Ducum
409:during Robert's reign.
502:Pilgrimage & death
366:Richard II of Normandy
364:Robert was the son of
356:
337:
325:
320:Robert the Magnificent
313:
305:. He is also known as
286:
190:Robert the Magnificent
1003:William the Conqueror
977:William the Conqueror
964:William the Conqueror
795:The Normans in Europe
724:William the Conqueror
614:William the Conqueror
598:William of Malmesbury
554:William the Conqueror
531:William of Malmesbury
382:William I of Normandy
378:Richard I of Normandy
354:
243:—including his uncle
134:William the Conqueror
1200:Henry the Young King
1179:House of Plantagenet
645:William, Count of Eu
602:Gesta regum Anglorum
565:Adelaide of Normandy
459:In the early 1030s,
444:against his mother,
380:, great-grandson of
326:Robert le Magnifique
182:Robert I of Normandy
139:Adelaide of Normandy
106:1, 2, or 3 July 1035
826:Elisabeth van Houts
596:It was reported by
577:Odo II of Champagne
514:. According to the
479:, sons of his aunt
438:Robert II of France
308:Robert the Generous
1001:David C. Douglas,
975:David C. Douglas,
962:David C. Douglas,
722:David C. Douglas,
357:
297:with his ancestor
237:Battle of Hastings
235:after winning the
174:Judith of Brittany
1328:House of Normandy
1273:
1272:
1231:(French appanage)
1092:House of Normandy
1047:
1046:
1038:Succeeded by
912:William M. Aird,
894:François Neveux,
866:François Neveux.
853:François Neveux.
748:François Neveux.
679:François Neveux,
627:Robert of Torigny
469:Mont Saint-Michel
442:Henry I of France
314:Robert le Libéral
219:; the brother of
205:House of Normandy
179:
178:
97:Duchy of Normandy
1335:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1050:
1031:Duke of Normandy
1021:Preceded by
1011:
1006:
999:
993:
986:
980:
973:
967:
960:
954:
953:
951:
949:
935:
929:
923:
917:
910:
899:
892:
886:
880:
871:
864:
858:
851:
845:
839:
833:
822:
816:
809:
798:
791:
782:
775:
766:
759:
753:
746:
740:
733:
727:
720:
709:
702:
696:
690:
684:
677:
661:
623:
617:
594:
481:Emma of Normandy
340:
338:Robert le Diable
334:
332:Robert the Devil
328:
322:
316:
310:
304:
296:
290:
280:
221:Duke Richard III
187:
94:
92:
46:Duke of Normandy
40:
28:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1323:Norman warriors
1298:
1297:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1267:king of England
1255:
1230:
1228:House of Valois
1222:
1181:
1173:
1164:
1156:
1094:
1086:
1077:
1043:
1034:
1026:
1015:French nobility
1009:
1000:
996:
987:
983:
974:
970:
961:
957:
947:
945:
937:
936:
932:
924:
920:
911:
902:
893:
889:
881:
874:
865:
861:
852:
848:
840:
836:
823:
819:
810:
801:
792:
785:
776:
769:
760:
756:
747:
743:
734:
730:
721:
712:
703:
699:
691:
687:
678:
674:
670:
665:
664:
624:
620:
595:
591:
586:
575:, and thirdly,
556:(c. 1028–1087).
543:
504:
446:Queen Constance
432:and his father
402:
362:
349:
330:
318:
306:
302:
294:
278:
275:
217:Duke Richard II
185:
143:
107:
95:
90:
88:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1341:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1271:
1270:
1263:count of Rouen
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1162:House of Blois
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1088:
1087:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1008:
1007:
994:
981:
968:
955:
930:
918:
900:
887:
872:
859:
846:
834:
817:
811:David Crouch,
799:
783:
777:David Crouch,
767:
761:David Crouch,
754:
741:
735:David Crouch,
728:
710:
704:David Crouch,
697:
685:
671:
669:
666:
663:
662:
632:GND II, p. 272
618:
588:
587:
585:
582:
581:
580:
558:
557:
542:
539:
520:Constantinople
503:
500:
401:
398:
372:, daughter of
361:
358:
348:
345:
274:
271:
194:by other names
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
145:
144:
142:
141:
136:
130:
128:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
104:
100:
99:
85:
81:
80:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1340:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1293:
1283:
1279:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1152:William (III)
1150:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1004:
998:
995:
991:
985:
982:
978:
972:
969:
965:
959:
956:
944:
940:
934:
931:
927:
922:
919:
915:
909:
907:
905:
901:
897:
891:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
863:
860:
856:
850:
847:
843:
838:
835:
831:
827:
821:
818:
814:
808:
806:
804:
800:
796:
790:
788:
784:
780:
774:
772:
768:
764:
758:
755:
751:
745:
742:
738:
732:
729:
725:
719:
717:
715:
711:
707:
701:
698:
694:
689:
686:
682:
676:
673:
667:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
637:soror uterina
634:
633:
628:
622:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
593:
590:
583:
578:
574:
570:
566:
563:
562:
561:
555:
552:
551:
550:
548:
540:
538:
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
501:
499:
496:
492:
491:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
418:
416:
410:
408:
399:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
359:
353:
346:
344:
342:
339:
333:
327:
321:
315:
309:
300:
292:
284:
281:of Normandy (
272:
270:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
207:who ruled as
206:
202:
199:
195:
191:
184:(22 June 1000
183:
175:
172:
168:
165:
162:
158:
155:
152:
150:
146:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
129:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
105:
101:
98:
86:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
1129:
1029:
1002:
997:
989:
984:
976:
971:
963:
958:
946:. Retrieved
942:
933:
925:
921:
913:
895:
890:
882:
867:
862:
854:
849:
841:
837:
829:
820:
812:
794:
778:
762:
757:
749:
744:
736:
731:
723:
705:
700:
692:
688:
680:
675:
657:
652:
648:
636:
630:
621:
613:
609:
601:
592:
559:
544:
528:
515:
509:
505:
493:stated that
488:
458:
423:
419:
411:
403:
363:
343:
331:
319:
307:
291:de Normandie
276:
269:
225:Duke William
189:
181:
180:
87:22 June 1000
25:
1313:1035 deaths
1308:1000 births
1265:• ** Also
1252:(1465–1469)
1246:(1355–1364)
1240:(1332–1350)
1125:Richard III
1024:Richard III
813:The Normans
390:Richard III
355:Family tree
64:Richard III
60:Predecessor
1302:Categories
1205:Richard IV
1135:William II
1120:Richard II
1041:William II
1035:1027–1035
668:References
434:Baldwin IV
360:Early life
301:listed as
261:pilgrimage
249:archbishop
91:1000-06-22
74:William II
1292:Biography
1217:Henry III
1182:1144–1259
1165:1135–1144
1141:Robert II
1114:Richard I
1108:William I
512:Jerusalem
495:King Cnut
295:Robert II
265:Jerusalem
70:Successor
55:1027–1035
1194:Henry II
1189:Geoffrey
1130:Robert I
1095:911–1135
1084:Normandy
948:22 April
428:between
426:Flanders
407:Normandy
303:Robert I
279:Robert I
257:Flanders
213:Normandy
196:, was a
154:Normandy
31:Robert I
1250:Charles
1244:Charles
1170:Stephen
1146:Henry I
629:in the
547:Herleva
394:Hiémois
329:), and
287:Robert
233:England
203:of the
119:Herleva
115:Partner
89: (
1278:Portal
541:Family
535:Apulia
524:Nicaea
477:Alfred
473:Edward
465:Rennes
450:Robert
415:Robert
370:Judith
283:French
245:Robert
241:church
198:Norman
186:
170:Mother
160:Father
109:Nicaea
1261:* As
1102:Rollo
1080:Dukes
584:Notes
454:Vexin
400:Reign
386:Rollo
299:Rollo
253:Rouen
201:noble
149:House
126:Issue
52:Reign
21:Rollo
1238:John
1211:John
950:2020
606:Wace
483:and
475:and
368:and
347:Life
273:Name
229:king
209:duke
192:and
103:Died
84:Born
1082:of
658:and
653:GND
649:GND
317:),
263:to
251:of
231:of
211:of
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952:.
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