38:
116:
teach people to read and to write. He also started to preach, importing translated versions of the Bible in
Portuguese from England. He founded a small hospital and seventeen elementary schools on the island which he personally financed. The Catholic Church started to look with concern on these initiatives, since proselytising was forbidden by the Portuguese
30:
322:
182:. On 13 November 1849 they were met with a heartfelt welcome, and an area of the town became known as "Portuguese Hill". By 1853 there were about 1,000 Portuguese in Jacksonville. In the year after their marriage, Kalley and his wife both visited the settlements in Jacksonville and neighboring Springfield.
343:
After protests by the
Portuguese Governor and Roman Catholic archbishop of Madeira to the authorities in Lisbon, Kalley was charged with heresy and blasphemy in 1843 and eventually, after Protestant meetings had been broken up by mobs organized by the Roman Catholic clergy, forced to leave the island
211:
Despite his previous work as a
Presbyterian, before coming to Brazil he became convinced of the Congregational values, so the first churches he founded were Congregational churches (like the I. E. Fluminense and I. E. Pernambucana) following the Scottish tradition of closed service. Later, after he
115:
in 1838 with his wife
Margaret Crawford, whom he had just married. She was ill with tuberculosis and the move was intended to improve her health. They stayed eight years. Impressed with the poverty, illiteracy and ignorance of the Madeirans, Kalley exercised Medicine gratuituously and decided to
193:, and Catholicism was the country's official religion. The imperial constitution did not prohibit religious freedom, but it did prohibit any king of public religious worship other than those endorsed by Catholicism.
208:, the Igreja Evangélica Pernambucana With his support, Sarah created hymnals in Portuguese. She valued singing as a method of spreading the word and she developed ladies' meetings at their new church.
166:(England) on 14 December 1852. Meanwhile, the Protestants who had been driven out of Madeira to work in Trinidad realised that they needed a better home. 150 moved to New York with funding from the
143:
and had to leave the island in 1846 in disguise, heading for the United States. His followers were also obliged to leave the island and they took the only offer which was to become labourers in
139:
and all the schools he had founded were closed in 1846. Some converts had to face charges of heresy, then still punishable by the death penalty. Kalley sought refuge at the house of the
British
608:
124:
forbade Kalley's religious lectures in 1841. In 1843, the Bibles he had distributed in
Madeira were forbidden, like the meetings at his home. On 8 May 1845 he founded the first
248:
Kalley died at his home, Campo Verde, Tipperlinn Road in western
Edinburgh on 17 February 1888. He was survived by his wife Sarah. Sarah continued their work and supported the
88:, the son of Robert Kalley, a tea merchant. His father died when he was young. His mother remarried but then died herself, so he was raised by his stepfather. He attended
563:
603:
425:
224:. Crista Evangélica churches became one of the strongest denominations in Brazil until the early 1990s specially in the states of São Paulo (having its hub in
583:
578:
573:
568:
459:
446:
KALLEY, ROBERT REID, MD, born 8 September 1809, a teacher and pastor in Rio de
Janeiro and in Pernambuco, Brazil, from 1855 to 1888, died 17 January 1888.
598:
588:
548:
593:
553:
558:
336:
242:
488:
439:
196:
Despite not being the first foreign
Protestant missionary on Brazilian soil, Kalley was the one who was the most fruitful there. In
96:. From 1826 to 1829 he then studied Medicine, graduating MB ChB in Pharmacy and Surgery. He then worked as a ship's doctor in the
386:
117:
358:
217:
128:
of
Portugal, in Funchal, ordaining presbyters and deacons, and celebrating the Lord's Supper for 61 Madeiran converts.
37:
201:
231:
He often had arguments with the Catholic church and was for a while prohibited from preaching on Brazilian soil.
167:
225:
328:
171:
89:
294:
286:
221:
213:
175:
151:
241:
He left Brazil in July 1876 and retired to Edinburgh where his expertise was used as a director of the
543:
538:
511:
159:
101:
125:
65:
235:
190:
93:
484:
435:
332:
73:
57:
480:
479:
The story of Robert Reid Kalley (1809-1888), pioneer missionary, "The Wolf from Scotland" by
391:
197:
112:
532:
253:
69:
72:
in Portugal at a time when the only religion allowed to the Portuguese citizens was
521:
53:
410:
515:
501:
318:
131:
Since Protestantism wasn't allowed for Portuguese citizens, he faced charges of
395:
260:. The grave is flanked by plaques from his parishioners in Madeira and Brazil.
238:, with whom he often argued against slavery and prohibition of public worship.
380:
205:
105:
61:
204:
which is still today the oldest Portuguese speaking church in Brazil, and in
17:
460:"A Legislação do Brasil Império e a estratégia missionária de Robert Kalley"
431:
257:
132:
361:, Erika Holst, 24 September 2015, Illinois Times, Retrieved 6 November 2015
503:
An Account of the Recent Persecutions in Madeira: In a Letter to a Friend
179:
144:
49:
252:
charity. He is buried with his family on the hidden southern terrace of
163:
121:
85:
186:
155:
140:
136:
97:
220:) and adapted to the Brazilian culture, which was called locally as
29:
170:. The Madeira refugees were eventually invited by the people of
462:(in Portuguese). Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
507:
London: John F. Shaw, 27, Southampton Street, Russell Square.
245:
who prioritised medical help as well as missionary zeal.
64:
notable for his efforts to spread Presbyterian views in
189:. Kalley arrived in Brazil in 1854, under the reign of
228:) and Goiás (having its hub in Goiânia and Anápolis).
84:
Kalley was born on 8 September 1809 at 13 Trongate in
313:
311:
379:
324:Anglican Ritualism in Victorian Britain, 1830-1910
234:Kalley became a close friend of Brazil's emperor
108:area before gaining his doctorate (MD) in 1838.
609:Presbyterian missionaries in the Ottoman Empire
434:: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 62.
216:churches with a few doctrinal variations (like
68:-speaking territories and as the introducer of
41:The grave of Robert Reid Kalley, Dean Cemetery
8:
390:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
359:When Springfield took in Portuguese refugees
158:in 1851 where his first wife died. He met
48:(September 1809 – 17 January 1888) was a
373:
371:
369:
367:
354:
352:
36:
28:
387:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
269:
185:Kalley's biggest work, however, was in
564:19th-century Scottish medical doctors
276:Glasgow Post Office Directory 1809-10
7:
604:Presbyterian missionaries in Lebanon
524:: Presbyterian Board of Publication.
243:Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society
584:Protestant missionaries in Portugal
579:Presbyterian missionaries in Europe
574:Presbyterian missionaries in Brazil
569:Scottish Presbyterian missionaries
25:
381:"Kalley, Robert Reid (1809–1888)"
218:SPRINKLED BAPTISM FOR ADULTS ONLY
599:Protestant missionaries in Malta
589:Scottish expatriates in Portugal
549:British people imprisoned abroad
378:Curthoys, M. C. (October 2009).
291:The University of Glasgow Story
92:. From 1823 he studied Arts at
118:Constitutional Charter of 1826
1:
594:British expatriates in Brazil
554:People charged with blasphemy
559:Scottish non-fiction writers
500:Kalley, Robert Reid (1844).
411:UK public library membership
202:Igreja Evangélica Fluminense
424:Dobson, David, ed. (2003).
200:, he and Sarah founded the
168:American Protestant Society
625:
512:Blackburn, William Maxwell
150:Kalley was in the British
178:) to make their home in
329:Oxford University Press
427:Scots in Latin America
396:10.1093/ref:odnb/49010
212:developed and founded
172:Jacksonville, Illinois
90:Glasgow Grammar School
42:
34:
517:The Exiles of Madeira
295:University of Glasgow
152:Crown Colony of Malta
111:Kalley first went to
40:
32:
287:"Robert Reid Kalley"
160:Sarah Poulton Wilson
102:General practitioner
226:São José dos Campos
222:Igreja Evangelical
162:and married her in
126:Presbyterian Church
33:Robert Reid Kalley.
120:and the Bishop of
94:Glasgow University
46:Robert Reid Kalley
43:
35:
458:Medeiros, Pedro.
409:(Subscription or
338:978-0-19-826989-2
74:Roman Catholicism
58:Congregationalist
16:(Redirected from
616:
525:
472:
471:
469:
467:
455:
449:
448:
421:
415:
414:
406:
404:
402:
383:
375:
362:
356:
347:
346:
315:
306:
305:
303:
301:
283:
277:
274:
21:
624:
623:
619:
618:
617:
615:
614:
613:
529:
528:
510:
497:
495:Further reading
476:
475:
465:
463:
457:
456:
452:
442:
423:
422:
418:
408:
400:
398:
377:
376:
365:
357:
350:
339:
331:. p. 144.
317:
316:
309:
299:
297:
285:
284:
280:
275:
271:
266:
250:Help for Brazil
82:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
622:
620:
612:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
531:
530:
527:
526:
508:
496:
493:
492:
491:
474:
473:
450:
440:
416:
363:
348:
337:
307:
278:
268:
267:
265:
262:
214:Congregational
198:Rio de Janeiro
174:(just west of
113:Madeira Island
100:area and as a
81:
78:
52:physician and
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
621:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
536:
534:
523:
519:
518:
513:
509:
506:
504:
499:
498:
494:
490:
489:9780852342565
486:
482:
478:
477:
461:
454:
451:
447:
443:
441:9780806352022
437:
433:
429:
428:
420:
417:
412:
397:
393:
389:
388:
382:
374:
372:
370:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
340:
334:
330:
326:
325:
320:
314:
312:
308:
296:
292:
288:
282:
279:
273:
270:
263:
261:
259:
255:
254:Dean Cemetery
251:
246:
244:
239:
237:
232:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
209:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
127:
123:
119:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
79:
77:
75:
71:
70:Protestantism
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
31:
27:
19:
18:Robert Kalley
522:Philadelphia
516:
502:
464:. Retrieved
453:
445:
426:
419:
399:. Retrieved
385:
342:
323:
319:Yates, Nigel
298:. Retrieved
290:
281:
272:
249:
247:
240:
233:
230:
210:
195:
184:
149:
130:
110:
83:
54:Presbyterian
45:
44:
26:
544:1888 deaths
539:1809 births
256:in western
176:Springfield
533:Categories
481:WB Forsyth
413:required.)
401:31 October
264:References
206:Pernambuco
154:and later
106:Kilmarnock
66:Portuguese
62:missionary
432:Baltimore
258:Edinburgh
133:blasphemy
80:Biography
514:(1860).
483:, 1988,
466:16 March
344:in 1846.
321:(1999).
300:15 March
236:Pedro II
191:Pedro II
180:Illinois
145:Trinidad
56:, later
50:Scottish
164:Torquay
122:Funchal
104:in the
86:Glasgow
487:
438:
407:
335:
187:Brazil
156:Beirut
141:Consul
137:heresy
98:Bombay
485:ISBN
468:2018
436:ISBN
403:2015
333:ISBN
302:2018
135:and
392:doi
535::
520:.
444:.
430:.
384:.
366:^
351:^
341:.
327:.
310:^
293:.
289:.
147:.
76:.
60:,
505:.
470:.
405:.
394::
304:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
