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Kolong river, and found large groups of attentive readers who were in great want of books, which he could hardly supply. He came upon a village, one hundred and fifty miles from
Kuruman, where a chief named Mosheu and his people resided. Mosheu had formally visited the Kuruman mission previously. Here Moffat preached three times to this tribe on the first day. At the gatherings Moffat answered questions to a people who reportedly were anxious to learn to read, reciting over and again what they had heard. Mosheu generously had given Moffat and his congregation a sheep the evening before, and the wives of the tribesmen took made efforts to provide milk. To meet their wants Moffat distributed spelling books among them. Moffat made great progress in introducing Christianity to the people in this region. Chief Mosheu brought his daughter to Mrs. Moffat for instruction, and his brother brought his son for the same purpose.
567:, for help and possible use of the government's printing press, which was poorly equipped with only one competent printer, Mr. Van der Zant, at hand. Moffat received the funds necessary for paper and printing from the Bible Society. Having completed this arduous task Moffat had acquired a working knowledge of printing in the process. An impressed John Philips saw the potential in Moffat and the prospect of having the entire Bible printed and distributed in the colony and he promised him an iron printing press, which had just arrived at Cape Town, to be taken back to Kuruman for that purpose. Moffat saw this as the crowning achievement to his effort in having the Bible translated and printed.
291:
387:, for the purpose of doing missionary work and preaching the Gospel among the inhabitants of a wild and desolate region, often subjected to drought and subsequent food shortages, compounded by frequent tribal wars. Before the missionaries arrived the peoples of this region were often subjected to the plights of European sailors and opportunists which overall effected a hatred and mistrust towards any white man (called "hat-wearers" by the inhabitants). Through their persistence the missionaries were in large measure able to overcome such indifference and won their trust through their missionary efforts.
672:
685:
479:. Moffat's task of translating English into Sechwana presented him with its own unique problems. There were no words in Sechwana for “reading” or “‘writing”’ or “book” or “‘pencil’’ or “letter”, and there was nothing in that language on which he could draw parallels. He had to construct totally new words for these ideas, which were hitherto completely foreign to their culture. Moffat's progress along these lines were greater than that of the natives and served to further compound an effort that was already difficult.
483:
201:. Robert received an intermittent education. In 1797 his father received an appointment in the Custom House at Portsoy. In 1806 Moffat's home was at Carronshore, on the Firth of Forth. At this time the family consisted of five sons and two daughters. Moffat's first teacher was William Mitchell, also known as "Wully Mitchell," who was the parish schoolmaster. He was considered a stern teacher and would rap Robert on the knuckles if he slacked off in his schooling. Moffat's first instruction book was
580:, and stayed in England to complete it. Moffat's arduous effort involving thirty years of study and work was finally accomplished, and the knowledge that the Bible was now in the hands of the Bechwana people, and printed in their language, proved to be an accomplishment that was widely acclaimed in the London Bible Society and in many Christian circles. David Livingston once wrote that Moffat’s translations were “a great work and likely to be of permanent benefit to the people" in southern Africa.
355:
She was led to a hillside, carefully removed the rocks, and found the five week old infant crying. Grief-stricken she embraced the infant and brought it home. Her husband Robert, wondering why his wife had not attended services that day, came home to find that Mary had steadfastly adopted the child. Asking what they would name the child, Robert suggested Sarah. Mary added, "and Roby", after the woman who had informed Mary of the infant's plight. The child was subsequently christened, Sarah Roby.
364:
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33:
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184:
589:
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and instruct them how to set up type for printing the
Sechuana language. Having also been urged by his associates he decided to make the move back to England. Near the end of 1838 Moffat went to Cape Town with his family, taking his manuscript and sailed for England. and arrived in London in June 1839. While the printing was underway Moffat began translating of the
596:
Failing health and domestic trouble back in
England persuaded Moffat to finally leave his missionary efforts in Africa and embarked for England on June 10, 1870, where he was warmly received by family, friends and admirers. Now in England, Moffat was honored at a meeting of "an unusually interesting
570:
After years of great effort involved in translating and printing, Moffat was weary and worn out with his work at his simple printing press. He had been away from
England for twenty-two years, while his African born children had never seen Scotland or England. His doctors had warned him that was near
490:
During a tribal war, before learning the
Sechwana language, Moffat intervened and established peace between the two waring tribes, which earned him gratitude among the native peoples and acclaim and notoriety among his missionary colleagues, both in Africa and in England. Moffat journeyed along the
575:
and needed a break.. He was also urged to return home by the
Directors of the Missionary Society in London. Though tired, Moffat was still set on having the complete New Testament translated and printed, and he Bible Society were willing to do the printing if he would bring the manuscript to London
545:
Eager to have his manuscript printed and distributed, Moffat embarked for Cape Town to have it printed, traveling in covered wagon pulled by oxen With him on the journey was his wife Mary and their two young daughters, Mary and Ann, ages nine and seven respectively, who were to be placed in school
255:
and other early missionaries. This is when he received his first aspirations towards a missionary career. The thought and desire of actually going abroad as a missionary, however, did not occur until after his conversion, which occurred when he reached twenty years of age. In 1813 he secured a post
658:
His printing work in
Kuruman was supported by an iron hand press that was brought to Natal in 1825 and taken to Kuruman in 1831. Rev. Moffat used it until 1870 when he retired, after which it was taken over by William Aston and A J Gould and was in use until about 1882. In 1918 it was taken to the
354:
In 1825 Mary had lost an infant son who died at only five days old. Soon after she was informed by one of the native missionary workers that an infant native baby, whose mother had just died, was customarily buried under some rocks at a nearby hillside. Alarmed, Mary demanded, "show me the place".
208:
Moffat began to appreciate a more liberal education, and managed his work schedule as to allow him to attend an evening class, where he began to study Latin, and also acquired a rudimentary knowledge of applied geometry. During this apprenticeship he learned to use blacksmith's tools, which would
440:
people. Here they lived and worked passionately for the missionary cause, enduring many hardships. Once he went for days without water and his mouth became so dry he was unable to speak. Often he bound his stomach to help him endure fasting when he could not find food to eat. During this period,
205:, which contained the alphabet in its title page. At an early age Moffat left school to work on a coasting vessel. He gave up his job at sea and returned to school, and at the age of eleven he took up residence with his older brother Alexander and attended six more months of school.
538:, which were prepared and sent to Cape Town in 1825, but to Moffat's disappointment, they were mistakenly sent to England after they had been printed. Moffat also wrote the first Christian hymn in Sechwana. By 1829 Moffat had translated his first book of the Bible, the
562:
had forwarded a letter of introduction to Cape Town informing them of Moffat's expectations upon his arrival. Moffat arrived at Cape Town on
October 30 and searched far and wide for a printing press with great difficulty. He was thus forced to plead with the governor,
244:, who took Moffat under his wing for a year. Besides his early training as a gardener and farmer, and later as a writer, Moffat developed skills in building, carpentry, printing and as a blacksmith. Moffat also attended the religious services of Reverend
650:
Moffat's fifty-four years of missionary service, which produced the Bible in the
Sechuana language, has been widely acclaimed by the London Bible Society, the predominately Christian population of southern Africa, and in many other Christian circles.
494:
Construction for a place of worship began in 1830 with the laying of a foundation, but Moffat had great difficulty in securing the lumber needed for its construction, and subsequently the church was not completed until several years later.
542:, into the Sechuana language]]. At this time, however, he was also spending much of his time constructing a roof on a very large church structure, and with little free time on his hands, he was finally able to complete the translation.
175:. While in Africa, Moffat devoted much of his time preaching the gospel and discussing the Bible, and also taught many of the natives how to read and write. Moffat's missionary career in Africa spanned a total of fifty-four years.
502:
in four editions over three years. The work comprehensively described the living conditions, hardships, customs of the people, and wild life in southern Africa. Through his work Moffat became the best known missionary in
Britain.
527:, (1747-1811) who was gifted in his ability to learn and translate African languages, and one of the first of three pioneers of the London Missionary Society in southern Africa who learned and translated native languages.
413:, who previously was a notorious bandit and cattle rustler who often terrorized other tribes. Through the appeals and efforts of Moffat, Jager was subsequently baptized and assumed the name of Christian Afrikaner.
263:
627:. On June 9, 1877,. Molfat was given the honor of laying the memorial stone of the Livingstone Memorial Medical Institution in Cowgate, Edinburgh, a ceremony that was attended by a large gathering of admirers.
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character", conducted by the London Missionary Society, held August 1, 1870, attended by veteran missionaries at the Board-room of the London Mission House. Also a guest of honor was
519:
One of Moffat's foremost efforts in his missionary work was spreading the word of the Gospel among the native peoples in southern Africa. To accomplish this feat he had to learn the
612:
in January 1871. For the last twelve years of his life, Robert spoke throughout England, seeking to raise interest in the mission work in African, and overall. He was presented to
2397:
351:. Mary preceded Robert in death in 1870, at home in England where they had returned because of failing health. The couple also adopted children. John Mokoteri and Sarah Roby.
256:
in the gardens of Charles Legh, at High Legh in Cheshire, and after bidding goodbye to his mother, who .made him promise to read a chapter of the Bible morning and evening.
2605:
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later prove to be of value to him. After work he took up practicing and became skilled on the violin, which he would later become known for during his years in Africa.
2580:
847:. Its original publication is considered a rarity. It was also published in 1945 and 1976. Its January 2009 publication and reproduction can be obtained via the
2600:
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upon their arrival to the cape. At Grahamstown, however, he was met with disappointment when he was informed that there was no printer or ship for transport at
406:, arriving in the sweltering heat of January, which was midsummer in South Africa. His fiancée, Mary Smith (1795–1870), was able to join him three years later.
2146:
2620:
2595:
1793:
A Protestant Verdict on the Jesuit Missionary Approach in Africa: David Livingstone and Memories of the Early Jesuit Presence in South Central Africa
475:, although these translations are today sometimes considered less than adequate and relying on many colonial and cultural assumptions about the
2139:
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of India. Here Moffat was commended for his long devoted missionary service in Africa, and in particular, for converting the notorious bandit,
2625:
2487:
2407:
912:, which is the spelling Moffat uses throughout his works, is also spelled "Setwasana" or Twasana", generally spoken by the native peoples in
228:
he experienced difficulties with his employer due to his Methodist sympathies. For a short period, after having applied successfully to the
2472:
1756:
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and worked under John Smith a merchant. Here he met Mary Smith, who would later become his wife. In 1814, whilst employed at West Hall,
2417:
2234:
706:
A Bechuana Catechism, with Translations of the Third Chapter of the Gospel by John, The Lord's Prayer and Other Passages of Scripture
327:), Ann and Robert (who died as an infant). Robert Jr. (who died at the age of 87, leaving an uncompleted, but published, work on the
167:, who often worked with Moffat and his missionary efforts at various stations in southern Africa While doing missionary work at the
2570:
2432:
1665:
559:
2615:
2274:
304:
839:, edited by J.P.R. Wallis Salisbury, National Archives of Rhodesia, which delineates Moffat's travels and experiences while in
290:
2610:
959:
933:
The London Missionary Society was the first British society to enter the South African field. to become an overseas missionary.
623:
to identify the remains, which arrived from Africa months after his passing. Thereafter he attended Livingstone's funeral in
2585:
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language, involving several years of study with the help of various translators .As a translator Moffat was an admirer of
421:
320:
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671:
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861:
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446:
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467:
384:
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1735:
684:
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2314:
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2189:
1709:
955:
879:
391:
1781:
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2349:
2184:
867:
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Residents of High Legh organise a Robert Moffat Memorial 10 km run beginning and ending at his cottage.
482:
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160:
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1869:
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824:
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168:
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1942:
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980:
639:
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2010:
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558:. Having no other recourse he set off to Cape Town, some four-hundred miles east. The Committee of the
1770:
802:
790:
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1972:
967:
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had ten children, two of whom they adopted while in Africa: Their children included their daughter,
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963:
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twice at her request and was presented with a Doctor of Divinity degree from Edinburgh University.
547:
340:
217:
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1812:
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1932:"Lorella Rouster, Testimonies of Faith, "Steady in All Circumstances--Robert and Mary Moffatt".
763:
1264:
Comaroff, Jean and Comaroff, John L. (1989) The colonization of consciousness in South Africa.
642:. A memorial monument, paid for by public subscription, was erected at his birthplace in 1885.
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1832:
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331:), Helen, Elizabeth (who also died as an infant), James, John, Elizabeth and Jean. Their son
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2244:
1911:
1796:
2319:
2304:
2224:
1824:
1791:
Mkenda, Festo (2018). "A Protestant Verdict on the Jesuit Missionary Approach in Africa".
864:— renowned Methodist missionary and later Bishop (1889–1896) in South Africa in the 1860s.
782:
755:
739:
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602:
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476:
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328:
252:
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1952:
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1849:
The "standard-alphabet" problem, or, The preliminary subject of a general phonic system
1746:
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511:
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Robert Moffat made frequent journeys into the neighbouring regions as far north as the
344:
273:
183:
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At the age of sixteen, Moffat found employment in the gardens of the Earl of Moray at
2554:
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1836:
1804:
1720:
1698:
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813:
806:
437:
402:. He made the eight-six day voyage from England to Capt Town aboard the sailing ship
1617:
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In 1817 Moffat earned a name for himself when he managed to convert to Christianity
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2209:
2174:
2053:
1902:
Moffat, Robert: The American Cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge
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840:
688:
In 1972 the former country of Rhodesia issued a 13c postage stamp in Moffat's honor
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399:
380:
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241:
152:
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in Kuruman in 1996. It is back in occasional use printing commemorative documents.
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2021:
1729:. Vol. XXXVIII. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 495–501.
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1997:
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316:
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87:
457:). Whilst in Britain on leave (1839–43) an account of the family's experience,
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417:
233:
148:
555:
472:
221:
588:
2036:. New York: Missionary education movement of the United States and Canada.
1786:. New York: Missionary education movement of the United States and Canada.
1657:
Printing for Africa : the story of Robert Moffat and the Kurman Press
619:
When David Livingston, Moffat's son in law, died in 1873, Moffat went to
1860:
The life of Robert Moffat of South Africa : founded on the biography
951:
943:
921:
844:
225:
198:
194:
142:
659:
Kimberley Public Library where it remained until it was returned to the
171:, Moffat was the first to translate and have the Bible printed into the
947:
917:
609:
376:
336:
1953:"Robert Moffat (1795 - 1883), John Mokoteri and Sarah Roby (b. 1826)"
335:
became an LMS missionary and took over the running of the mission at
1751:. Cape Town, South Africa: Christian Liberty Books. pp. 86–88.
2066:
Life and Labours of Robert Moffat, D.D., Missionary in South Africa
1799:, for the Institute for Advanced Jesuit Studiess. pp. 59–80.
1689:
Moffat of Africa : a zealous missionary & a brave pioneer
815:
The Gospel Among the Bechuanas and Other Tribes of Southern Africa
749:
Lihela tsa tihelo ea Morimo; tse ri kuariloeng mo puong ea Secuana
683:
670:
587:
510:
481:
462:
362:
289:
262:
182:
232:(LMS) he took an interim post as a farmer, at Plantation Farm in
151:
to Africa from 1817–1870. Moffat began his missionary career in
2135:
870:(1873–1963) — Methodist missionary Bishop (1936-1944) in Africa
638:, on 9 August 1883, at the age of eighty-two, and is buried at
530:
Among Moffat's first such efforts were the translation of the
2090:. London Missionary Society: Sold by John Snow & Co. 1890.
445:
country. He communicated the results of these journeys to the
1947:. Vol. XIII. Oxford University Press. pp. 544–548.
515:
Robert Moffat's printing press, used at the Kuruman mission
416:
Moffat and his wife left the Cape in 1820 and proceeded to
1852:. London : Trübner ; Cape Town : J.C. Juta.
251:
Moffat's mother read to him stories of the courage of the
1905:. New York, London, D. Appleton and company. p. 692.
267:
Robert Moffat (1795 - 1883), John Mokoteri and Sarah Roby
2127:
Moffat Mission near Kuruman, Northern Cape, South Africa
1924:
The Dictionary of National Biography, v13: Robert Moffat
886:
The Historical Background to Church Activities in Zambia
1726:
Robert Moffat — Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
987:, covering van der Kemp's twelve years in South Africa.
942:
Today the religion in South Africa, and in neighboring
390:
By September 1816, Moffat was formally commissioned at
2012:
Friend of the chiefs : the story of Robert Moffat
1678:
Friend of the chiefs : the story of Robert Moffat
461:(1842) was published. He translated the whole of the
394:
in London as a missionary of LMS (on the same day as
2087:
The Chronicle of the London Missionary Society, 1890
1891:
The Chronicle of the London Missionary Society, 1890
1881:
The Chronicle of the London Missionary Society, 1870
717:
Evangelia kotsa mahuku a molemo a kuariloeng ki Luka
2527:
2506:
2388:
2167:
2077:
Memoir of Robert Moffat, missionary to South Africa
1973:"The Matabele Journals of Robert Moffat, 1829–1860"
1863:. Vol. II. Cincinnati, Ohio: Revivalist Press.
1700:
Robert Moffat : the missionary hero of Kuruman
124:
114:
106:
81:
71:
59:
47:
42:
23:
835:From 1829 to 1860 Moffat kept a journal, known as
1772:Missionary travels and researches in South Africa
1515:
1513:
339:before entering colonial service. Their grandson
1944:Moffat, Robert: Dictionary of American Biography
1927:. Vol. XIII. Messrs. Spottiswoode & Co.
1532:Chronicle of the London Missionary Society, 1870
1021:
1019:
1017:
985:Missionary Labours and Scenes in Southern Africa
765:Missionary Labours and Scenes in Southern Africa
2080:. New York; Chicago: Fleming H. Revell Company.
1899:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1883).
1711:A history of Christian missions in South Africa
882:(1849–1890) — 19th century missionary in Uganga
876:(1814–1880) — 19th century Missionary in Africa
2576:Congregationalist missionaries in South Africa
2117:Friends of West Norwood Cemetery (Word format)
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1051:
1049:
295:Robert Moffat sitting under an almond tree at
2147:
1913:Biographical dictionary of Christian missions
1078:
1076:
1004:
1002:
459:Missionary Labours and Scenes in South Africa
371:Background: In January, 1806, the long
8:
1036:
1034:
155:at the age of twenty-one. He was married to
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
2154:
2140:
2132:
2104:. London : Church Missionary Society.
733:Lihela tsa tuto le puluko tsa Yesu Kereste
486:Moffat preaching at Chief Mosheu's village
31:
20:
1740:. Philadelphia : J.B. Lippincott Co.
1253:Sunday School Times, Summer Quarter, 2006
383:was first crossed by missionaries of the
141:(21 December 1795 – 9 August 1883) was a
2606:19th-century Congregationalist ministers
2004:. Kuruman Moffat Mission Trust, Kuruman.
1481:R.H.V., Dictionary of American Biography
826:The White Foreigners from over the Water
428:) was born. The family later settled at
272:
2581:Scottish Congregationalist missionaries
998:
902:
534:, small portions of Scripture and many
193:Moffat was born of humble parentage in
1820:
1810:
1161:
1025:
891:School of Oriental and African Studies
837:The Matabele journals of Robert Moffat
2408:Australian Baptist Missionary Society
2101:Robert Moffat, one of God's Gardeners
1616:Gilley, Lawrence C. (February 1997).
608:Not long after his wife Mary died at
240:). The job had been found for him by
7:
2601:Scottish Congregationalist ministers
2473:Paris Evangelical Missionary Society
1916:. New York: Macmillan Reference USA.
1874:. New York: George H. Doran company.
795:. Presbyterian Board of Publication.
498:In 1938 Moffat published his work,
2047:. New York: Harper & Brothers.
1971:J. P. R. Wallis. Salisbury (ed.).
1888:London Missionary Society (1890).
1775:. New York: Harper & Brothers.
1531:
1444:
1408:
1149:
1137:
1082:
507:Translating and printing the Bible
14:
2621:19th-century Scottish translators
2433:Christian and Missionary Alliance
1934:Sunday School Times/Gospel Herald
1579:
1456:
1432:
1420:
1337:
1252:
1008:
954:is predominately Christian. See:
2596:Burials at West Norwood Cemetery
2044:Robert Noffat: Pioneer in Africa
1748:The greatest century of missions
1660:. Kuruman Moffat Mission Trust.
1639:Cambridge University Press, 1979
1618:"Letters from Mozambique: Press"
1603:
1567:
1519:
1468:
1384:
1289:
1228:
1183:
1106:
1094:
675:Robert Moffat Monument, Ormiston
128:
54:Ormiston, East Lothian, Scotland
2030:Hubbard, Ethel Daniels (1917).
1871:The missionary heroes of Africa
1838:Lives of Robert and Mary Moffat
1737:Heroes of missionary enterprise
1654:Bradlow, Frank Rosslyn (1987).
1504:
1396:
1372:
1360:
1349:
1325:
1301:
1195:
1067:
960:Freedom of religion in Botswana
818:. American Sunday-School Union.
792:Scenes and Adventures in Africa
500:Scenes and Adventures in Africa
96:
2540:Timeline of Christian missions
1957:National Galleries of Scotland
1591:
1555:
1492:
1313:
1240:
1216:
1173:National Galleries of Scotland
1055:
1040:
1:
2162:Protestant missions to Africa
1936:. Cleveland, OH. Summer 2006.
1879:Mullens, Joseph, ed. (1870).
1708:Du Plessis, Johannes (1911).
1638:
1277:
1125:
979:Moffat wrote at length about
367:Namibia and South Africa maps
2626:British missionary linguists
2310:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
2015:. London: Lutterworth Press.
1975:. Cambridge University Press
1894:. London Missionary Society.
1883:. London Missionary Society.
1719:Elbourne, Elizabeth (2004).
1692:. New York: George H. Doran.
1686:Davidson, Norman J. (1926).
1681:. London: Lutterworth Press.
1620:. Balaza, Maxixe, Mozambique
1543:
1480:
1172:
2250:Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt
2052:Western-Holt, J. C (1954).
1921:Smith, George (1921–1923).
1857:Moffat, John Smith (1915).
1846:Moffat, Robert Jr. (1864).
1783:Livingstone, the pathfinder
1780:Livingstone, David (1912).
862:William Taylor (missionary)
776:Lihela tsa tihélo ea Morimo
2642:
2519:Slavery Abolition Act 1833
2478:Rhenish Missionary Society
2453:Livingstone Inland Mission
2448:Finnish Missionary Society
2265:Christian Ignatius Latrobe
849:Cambridge University Press
447:Royal Geographical Society
303:and their eldest daughter
76:Methodist Episcopal Church
2458:London Missionary Society
2413:Berlin Missionary Society
2122:Robert Moffat biographies
2063:Walters, William (1885).
2041:Northcott, Cecil (1961).
2023:The Story of the L. M. S.
1721:Matthew, Henry Colin Gray
1714:. London: Longmans Green.
1162:Moffat, Robert, Jr., 1864
983:in his 1842 publication,
680:
385:London Missionary Society
230:London Missionary Society
163:and their son-in-law was
30:
2571:People from East Lothian
2498:Wycliffe Global Alliance
2280:Alexander Murdoch Mackay
2215:Daniel Kumler Flickinger
1910:Ross, Andrew C. (1998).
1868:Morrison, James (1922).
1703:. New York: F.H. Revell.
956:Religion in South Africa
880:Alexander Murdoch Mackay
789:—— (1846) .
536:hymns of the Reformation
424:(who was later to marry
392:Surrey Chapel, Southwark
2616:South African explorers
2350:John McKendree Springer
2185:Frederick Stanley Arnot
1745:Hammond, Peter (2002).
1697:Deane, David J (1880).
868:John McKendree Springer
823:—— (1869).
812:—— (1846).
773:—— (1843).
762:—— (1842).
746:—— (1838).
730:—— (1831).
714:—— (1830).
703:Moffat, Robert (1826).
420:, where their daughter
216:. In 1813, he moved to
161:Mary Moffat Livingstone
63:9 August 1883 (aged 87)
2611:South African printers
2535:Christianity in Africa
2438:Church Mission Society
2355:Marion Scott Stevenson
2340:William Henry Sheppard
2260:Margaret Nicholl Laird
2074:Wilder, M. L. (1887).
2009:Clinton, Iris (1958).
2002:Kuruman Moffat Mission
1675:Clinton, Iris (1958).
1328:, pp. 99-100, 279, 279
843:, South Province of
689:
676:
630:Robert Moffat died at
593:
516:
487:
468:The Pilgrim's Progress
432:, to the north of the
398:) and was sent out to
368:
308:
282:
268:
190:
188:Robert and Mary Moffat
2586:Scottish evangelicals
2403:Africa Inland Mission
2240:Joseph Crane Hartzell
2220:Joseph Jackson Fuller
1805:10.1163/j.ctvbqs62t.6
1734:Field, Claud (1908).
981:Johannes van der Kemp
687:
674:
640:West Norwood Cemetery
592:Moffat in later years
591:
532:Westminster Catechism
525:Johannes van der Kemp
514:
485:
366:
293:
276:
266:
203:The Shorter Catechism
186:
179:Family and early life
159:. Their daughter was
118:Missionary in Africa,
2514:Slave Trade Act 1807
2468:Mission to the World
2428:Congo-Balolo Mission
2096:Smith, Edwin William
2058:. London: Oliphants.
2020:Home, C. S. (1894).
968:Religion in Zimbabwe
605:, into a Christian.
565:Galbraith Lowry Cole
560:London Bible Society
238:Mary his future wife
236:(where he first met
66:Leigh, Kent, England
37:Missionary to Africa
2255:Johann Ludwig Krapf
1833:Moffat, John Smith.
1266:Economy and Society
964:Religion in Namibia
341:Howard Unwin Moffat
286:
279:Mary Moffat (Smith)
218:Manchester, England
16:Scottish missionary
2325:Orishatukeh Faduma
1447:, pp. 2-3, 123-126
1411:, pp. 2-3, 124-126
1278:Western-Holt, 1954
690:
677:
594:
517:
488:
369:
309:
283:
269:
191:
169:mission at Kuruman
2591:Bible translators
2548:
2547:
2493:WEC International
2443:Echoes of Service
2423:BMS World Mission
2370:John Denys Taylor
2335:Heinrich Schmelen
2270:David Livingstone
2235:Joseph Hardcastle
1767:Livingston, David
1363:, Chapter II, III
1268:. 18(3): 267-296.
694:
693:
625:Westminster Abbey
521:Sechuana language
426:David Livingstone
359:Missionary career
349:Southern Rhodesia
333:John Smith Moffat
325:David Livingstone
313:
312:
173:Sechuana language
165:David Livingstone
146:Congregationalist
136:
135:
2633:
2275:Mary Livingstone
2245:Johannes Ittmann
2180:William Anderson
2156:
2149:
2142:
2133:
2105:
2091:
2081:
2070:
2059:
2048:
2037:
2026:
2016:
2005:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1948:
1937:
1928:
1917:
1906:
1895:
1884:
1875:
1864:
1853:
1842:
1828:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1797:Brill Publishers
1795:. Vol. 13.
1787:
1776:
1762:
1758:978-0-95845-4919
1741:
1730:
1715:
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1220:
1214:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1150:Du Plessis, 1911
1147:
1141:
1138:Du Plessis, 1911
1135:
1129:
1123:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
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1006:
988:
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907:
830:
819:
807:1844 Publication
803:1843 Publication
799:1842 Publication
796:
780:
769:
753:
737:
721:
710:
667:
666:
375:which traverses
259:
258:
132:
100:
98:
51:21 December 1795
35:
21:
2641:
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2634:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2523:
2502:
2390:
2384:
2320:Martti Rautanen
2305:Helen Roseveare
2225:George Grenfell
2163:
2160:
2113:
2108:
2094:
2084:
2073:
2062:
2051:
2040:
2029:
2019:
2008:
1996:
1992:
1990:Further reading
1987:
1978:
1976:
1970:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1941:R.H.V. (1921).
1940:
1931:
1920:
1909:
1898:
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1867:
1856:
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1831:
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1511:
1503:
1499:
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1487:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1445:Northcott, 1961
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1409:Northcott, 1961
1407:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1383:
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1144:
1136:
1132:
1124:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1083:Northcott, 1961
1081:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1047:
1039:
1032:
1026:J. Moffat, 1885
1024:
1015:
1007:
1000:
996:
991:
978:
974:
941:
937:
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908:
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858:
822:
811:
788:
772:
761:
745:
729:
713:
702:
699:
648:
636:Tunbridge Wells
603:Jager Afrikaner
586:
509:
477:Tswana language
411:Jager Afrikaner
361:
329:Tswana language
307:
281:
246:Robert Caldwell
189:
181:
120:author, teacher
119:
102:
99: 1819)
94:
90:
67:
64:
55:
52:
38:
26:
17:
12:
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5:
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2510:
2508:
2507:Pivotal events
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2463:Mission Africa
2460:
2455:
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2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2418:Bethel Mission
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2398:American Board
2394:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2380:Gottlieb Viehe
2377:
2375:William Taylor
2372:
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2292:
2287:
2285:Joseph Merrick
2282:
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2232:
2230:Carl Hugo Hahn
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2197:
2195:Carl K. Becker
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2111:External links
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540:Gospel of Luke
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2298:
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2055:Robert Moffat
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1667:0-620-11489-4
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1604:Bradlow, 1987
1600:
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1568:Walters, 1885
1564:
1561:
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1537:
1533:
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1521:
1520:Hubbard, 1917
1516:
1514:
1510:
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1501:
1498:
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1469:Clinton, 1958
1465:
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1304:, p., 270-271
1303:
1302:Moffatt, 1846
1298:
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1290:Hammond, 2002
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1128:, pp. 464-465
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1107:Clinton, 1958
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1096:
1095:Hubbard, 1917
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1058:, pp. 544-548
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571:the point of
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58:
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25:Robert Moffat
22:
19:
2365:Hulda Stumpf
2345:Mary Slessor
2330:Alfred Saker
2294:
2210:Daniel Coker
2205:Joseph Booth
2175:Roland Allen
2100:
2086:
2076:
2065:
2054:
2043:
2032:
2022:
2011:
2001:
1998:Butler, Alan
1977:. Retrieved
1960:. Retrieved
1956:
1943:
1933:
1923:
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1890:
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1647:Bibliography
1634:
1622:. Retrieved
1611:
1606:, pp. 11, 35
1599:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1551:
1539:
1527:
1522:, pp.285-286
1505:Mkenda, 2018
1500:
1488:
1476:
1464:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1404:
1397:Moffat, 1844
1392:
1380:
1373:Mkenda, 2018
1368:
1361:Moffat, 1842
1356:
1350:Moffat, 1842
1345:
1333:
1326:Moffat, 1846
1321:
1309:
1297:
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1273:
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1236:
1224:
1196:Moffat, 1846
1191:
1179:
1168:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1102:
1090:
1068:Wilder, 1887
1063:
984:
975:
938:
929:
914:South Africa
909:
905:
874:Alfred Saker
841:Matabeleland
836:
825:
814:
797:
791:
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764:
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732:
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649:
629:
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436:, among the
415:
408:
403:
400:South Africa
389:
381:South Africa
373:Orange River
370:
353:
314:
250:
242:William Roby
211:
207:
202:
192:
153:South Africa
138:
137:
18:
2566:1883 deaths
2561:1795 births
2315:John Philip
2290:Mary Moffat
2200:Samuel Bill
2190:John Arthur
2033:The Moffats
1592:Deane, 1880
1556:Smith, 1921
1544:R.H.V. 1921
1493:Deane, 1880
1471:, pp. 78-79
1314:Deane, 1880
1241:Deane, 1880
1217:Deane, 1880
1198:, pp. 18-19
1186:, pp. 58-59
1056:Smith, 1921
1043:, pp. 18-19
1041:Deane, 1880
893:(in London)
621:Southampton
584:Final years
552:Grahamstown
317:Mary Moffat
315:Robert and
301:Mary Moffat
214:Donibristle
157:Mary Moffat
88:Mary Moffat
2555:Categories
2389:Missionary
1126:Ross, 1998
768:. J. Snow.
573:exhaustion
434:Vaal River
418:Griquatown
234:Dukinfield
149:missionary
115:Occupation
1823:ignored (
1813:cite book
1558:, pp. 547
994:Citations
910:"Sechuana
556:Algoa Bay
473:Bechuanas
343:became a
222:High Legh
125:Signature
2528:See also
2391:agencies
2098:(1925).
2000:(1987).
1979:31 March
1835:(1885).
1769:(1858).
1594:, p. 118
1570:, p. 219
1546:, p. 547
1534:, p. 184
1495:, p. 118
1483:, p. 546
1399:, p. 296
1255:, p. 156
1219:, p. 142
1152:, p. 154
952:Zimbabwe
944:Botswana
922:Botswana
856:See also
845:Zimbabwe
783:Sechwana
756:Sechwana
740:Sechwana
724:Sechwana
443:Matabele
438:Batswana
404:Alacrity
253:Moravian
226:Cheshire
199:Scotland
195:Ormiston
143:Scottish
107:Children
72:Religion
43:Personal
1723:(ed.).
1582:, p.500
1507:, p. 70
1459:, p. 43
1435:, p. 51
1423:, p. 42
1387:, p. 87
1375:, p. 60
1340:, p. 51
1316:, p. 99
1292:, p. 87
1280:, p. 57
1243:, p. 16
1231:, p. 15
1140:, p. 99
1097:, p. 15
1085:, p. 18
1070:, p. 10
1011:, p.495
948:Namibia
918:Namibia
634:, near
610:Brixton
430:Kuruman
377:Namibia
337:Kuruman
297:Kuruman
101:
93:
2168:People
1962:1 July
1803:
1755:
1664:
1624:10 May
1109:, p. 9
805:
801:
646:Legacy
82:Spouse
1801:JSTOR
1028:, p.2
898:Notes
697:Works
632:Leigh
548:Salem
471:into
463:Bible
299:with
197:, in
95:(
91:
2488:USPG
1981:2024
1964:2022
1825:help
1753:ISBN
1662:ISBN
1626:2010
966:and
950:and
920:and
781:(In
754:(In
738:(In
722:(In
465:and
453:and
422:Mary
379:and
321:Mary
305:Mary
60:Died
48:Born
2483:SIM
546:in
347:of
224:in
2557::
1955:.
1817::
1815:}}
1811:{{
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851:.
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2155:e
2148:t
2141:v
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449:(
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