452:, soon after his 29th birthday, and was buried in the family vault at Ingatestone. His son being but an infant, there was no one else to carry forward his plans for the estates, and his widow then resided at Ingatestone Hall, where she died in 1760. She is the last Dowager Lady Petre who has lived in the old family mansion. At his death, Robert's nurseries contained some 219,925 plants and his personal catalogue, now in the
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figures and calculations, a fine taste for architecture, and drew and designed well himself – a great Ardour for every Branch of
Botanic Science, – whoever sees his vast Plantations and his Catalogue will not doubt it. In his Religious way an Example of great Piety, Charity and Chastity. Strict in his Morals, of great Temperance and Sobriety, no Loose Word, no Double entendre ever dropt from his lips.
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588:(described by Linnaeus as "The greatest natural botanist in the world"), Lord Petre was responsible for the first extensive planting of North American trees in Great Britain. Robert engaged Bartram to send him regular consignments of seed from the New World at five guineas per box. He also used the Dutch botanist
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To the Memory of my great and much honoured FRIEND ROBERT, Lord PETRE Ob. 2 Jul. 1742. Aet suae 29. This stone, ennobled by a PETRE's name
Changes its nature and becomes a gem, Bright with the virtue which appear'd in him: bearing his name, it bears all moral good, And all the ancestry of blood: The
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He was a fine, tall, comely man. Handsome, had the presence of a Prince, but so happily mixt that Love and Au was begat at the same time. The endowments of his mind are not to be described. Few excelled him in the liberal arts and sciences – a great
Mechanic as well as a Mathematician, ready at
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Between 1740 and 1742, some 60,000 trees of at least 50 species were planted at
Thorndon Hall. For the most part, these were arranged in mixed thickets, with dark green foliage contrasting with light green and blue-green with yellow-green, the whole set off by highlights of white bark or leaves with
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The redesign of the estate by his son swept away much of Lord Petre's work, only traces of the plantings, the two mounts adjacent to the present house and the ruins of the ziggurat by the old mill pond can be found today. The menagerie only survives in the name of
Menagerie Plantation. Furthermore,
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and had done much to establish the classical style, and a French surveyor, Sieur
Bourginion, to assist him with the design of the garden. The links between the Petre and Norfolk families endured. In 1763, the Duke of Norfolk stood as sponsor at the baptism of Hon Robert Edward Petre, eldest son of
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Robert's impressive botanic library, including 17 folio volumes of dried specimens, were sold, together with the rest of the family library by the unworldly 13th lord and his mahogany cabinet with 20 drawers stuffed with botanic curiosities was turned into a wardrobe and the contents thrown away.
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compiled by Lord Petre – in large measure from the pressed examples sent by John
Bartram starting in 1740 – can today be found in the Rare Book Collection at the California State Library/Sutro located on the sixth floor of the newly constructed (2012) San Francisco State University Library, San
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The death of the worthiest of men, the Right Hon. Lord Petre, has been the greatest loss that botany or gardening ever felt in this country ... his skill in all liberal arts, particularly architecture, statuary, planning and designing, planting and embellishing his large park and gardens,
566:. The monument represented an angel blowing the last trump causing a stone pyramid to crumble to pieces and the corpse within it to throw aside the grave clothes and prepare to arise "with a mixture of joy and astonishment". The epitaph was written by Mr. Robson, tutor to Petre's children:
468:– not in itself an exceptional honour since peers of the realm had an automatic right to membership but it is a mark of the esteem in which he was already held that his sponsor was John Martin, future professor of botany at Cambridge. Furthermore, less than two years later, a
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bridge. Robert, who had travelled extensively on the
Continent, must have been acutely aware that the appearance of the house was quite out of tune with the classical influence of the day. Although the Renaissance was late coming to England, he must have taken to heart Count
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There were also two other stoves maintained at a slightly lower temperature for more temperate plants, a house 60 feet (18 m) long exclusively for the cultivation of bananas and pineapples and another the same size for storing apples. From these stoves came the first
217:. The old lady herself evidently had a keen interest in horticulture, growing orange trees, 'jesamines' and myrtles in her greenhouses. In 1732 released from guardianship, his mother handed over to him by special permission the family estates. Now in complete control of
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turned horticulturist who was to remain a lifelong friend and colleague. In 1727, when he was 14, he received, as a
Christmas gift from Ralph Howard, one of his mother's suitors, a specially made pruning knife and saw, which, it is recorded, was "well taken".
418:. Mary had her father's remains put in the mausoleum at Thorndon. There is no entry about the funeral in the register; Rector Ewer was then an old man, and there are only four burials entered for that year. Perhaps the burial was secret.
603:). The collection is in a remarkable state of conservation, having been restored (possibly under the direction of Lord Petre), and subsequently by the Sutro staff which has had the collection under its supervision for over 100 years.
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and
Thorndon halls, Robert was able to give full expression to his enthusiasms and immediately embarked on an ambitious plan to remodel both the house and the park, which had been held in trust for him since his father's death.
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By 1762, however, Collinson, on a visit to Thorndon, found a scene of desolation: the house was falling down, the nurseries overgrown and the stoves empty, apart from two date palms, a cactus and a few sickly shrubs.
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No. 189 Petition 53 Catherine, Lady Petre to Robert James Lord Petre her son 29 July 1732 makes over to him "all the fumiture, plate, jewells & books, pictures and other goods and Chattles £8,527".
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in developing the technique of using beds of tanner's bark to achieve safely and efficiently the high soil temperatures required and Robert had adopted the technique to spectacular effect. Writing to
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white undersides. This style of planting was not in itself a new idea but was made, in this case, particularly striking by the variety of effects achieved by the wide range of species including:
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and found in them some species that he, a professional botanist, had never seen before. The raising of exotic species from seed was a particular passion of the time, encouraged by the work of
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University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1999. Especially, Chapter 1: "The Origins of Theatrical Planting" and Chapter 2: "The North American Influx: A Mania for Pines and Magnolias."
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The Great Stove, reputed to be the largest hothouse in the world, was fully 30 feet (9.1 m) high and contained trees and shrubs 10 to 25 feet (7.6 m) tall including specimens of
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Robert's interest in botany and horticulture was practical as well as academic. By 1729, it seems that, at least in part, he had taken over the management of his grandmother's gardens at
627:'s remarks about the house's "tendency rather to the gothic and the rustic than to any chaste style of architecture". Accordingly, in 1732, he engaged a Venetian architect,
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Over the door of the temple, were further verses written by Robson, warning the reader to prepare for death. Robson was Lord Petre's chaplain and tutor to his sons.
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The sympathies of the Petre family may well have been with the old and young Pretenders, but it does not appear that they took any active part in the risings.
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in Nottinghamshire. He was also responsible for the first extensive planting of North American trees in Great Britain. He was elected a fellow of the
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and, on one occasion, culled sufficient seed to raise in his nursery 5,000 new plants. Unfortunately, the principles of plant genetics and cross-
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as a child, and by his teenage years was friends with some of the most eminent botanists, horticulturists and landscapers of the day, including;
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9th Lord Petre. Joseph Spence wrote Petre "understood the colour of every tree, and always considered how he placed them one by another".
170:, the family seat, as his grandmother was still in residence there. As a young man Petre went on a continental tour, returning in 1730.
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John Martin, visiting in 1729, was amazed by what he saw; he confessed he had never witnessed the like of the 'stoves' or
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saint, the friend, philosopher, and peer In all their lustre to your eyes appear Perusing PETRE only written here
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Elizabeth P. McLean, "A Preliminary Report on the 18th Century Herbarium of Robert James, Eighth Baron Petre,"
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Alfred E. Schuyler, and Ann Newbold, "Vascular Plants in Lord Petre's Herbarium Collected by John Bartram,"
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William R. Buck and Elizabeth P. McLean, "'Mosses' in Lord Petre's Herbarium Collected by John Bartram,"
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614:(1686–1773). The plans extended over 1,700 acres (6.9 km) and included some garden buildings, an
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And on the fly leaf of his catalogue of the plants in Thorndon Garden is inscribed this tribute;
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On his death, the following poem, signed by Janus the Younger (probably a pseudonym for
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Nonetheless, there were failures too; Robert was particularly fond of the white
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Lord Petre was responsible in the late 1730s for the layout of the gardens at
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The Flowering of the Landscape Garden: English Pleasure Grounds 1720–1800.
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Penny, Nicholas (1975), "The Macabre Garden at Denbies and Its Monument",
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Lady Katherine Anne Petre (1736–1783), who married George Fieschi Heneage.
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were then little understood; all but twenty of them bore purple blossom.
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Less sentimentally, his friend, Peter Collinson wrote of Petre in 1744;
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410:(1742–1801), who married Anne Howard and, secondly, to Barbara Howard.
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Church cast at Ingatestone, and maintain four missions, at Thorndon,
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Douglas D. C. Chambers, "Painting with living pencils: Lord Petre,"
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Lady Barbara Petre (b. 1738), who married Thomas Giffard, 22nd of
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158:(1697 – 31 January 1785), heiress of the Walmesley family of
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which was housed in the Temple of Death in the country garden of
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and the former Anna Maria Webb. She was a great-granddaughter of
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to flower in England and, in 1739, a gift of bananas sent to Sir
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exclaims, "Such stoves the world never saw, nor may ever again".
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142:. A Caribbean genus of the verbena family was named for him.
654:"Robert James Petre, 8th Baron Petre", The British Museum
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Like his father, Lord Petre succumbed at an early age to
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cane. The walls were hung with trellises covered with
302:(along with "2 uncommon fowls of the widgeon kind").
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As a young couple, the parents took up residence at
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Barbara Radcliffe (1716–1760), only daughter of the
464:When Robert was 18, he was elected a fellow of the
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682:(Summer), The Garden History Society: 58–61,
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397:Lady Juliana Petre (1739–1772), who married
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374:James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
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517:With sweets, with bloom, eternal rise.
278:(a red berry used for edible dye) and
519:To mark the ground where Petre lies.
501:Ye lilies rise, your sweets disclose.
368:, Robert married Lady Henrietta Anna
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513:Spontaneous rise, rise ev'ry flower.
408:Robert Edward Petre, 9th Baron Petre
49:adding citations to reliable sources
610:in Nottinghamshire for his kinsman
124:Robert James Petre, 8th Baron Petre
509:Ye woodbines hung with pearly dew,
505:Vi'lets in fragrant carpet spread,
126:(3 June 1713 – 2 July 1742) was a
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542:Lord Petre was commemorated in a
511:Carnations with your richest hue,
546:monument by the French sculptor
384:. The couple had four children;
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529:exceeds my talent to set forth.
507:Ye amaranths lift up your head,
60:"Robert Petre, 8th Baron Petre"
36:needs additional citations for
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750:no. 51 (1985), p. 17–33.
743:no. 53 (1987), p. 41–43.
736:no. 50 (1984), p. 36–39.
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503:Arise both hyacinth and rose.
152:Robert Petre, 7th Baron Petre
827:Fellows of the Royal Society
515:And form a monumental bower.
448:. He died on 2 July 1742 at
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174:Botany and horticulture
715:vol. 19, no. 1 (1991).
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290:and creeping cereus.
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558:. The garden was at
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784:Robert Edward Petre
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