490:
1957, Guérillot was named as one of six ministers—the only
European to be appointed. He was entrusted with the super-portfolio of Economic and Administrative Affairs and was thus effectively Minister of the Interior and Minister of the Economy. Guérillot adopted a paternalistic attitude towards his African ministerial colleagues: he took care of their facilities, organised a car for each of them, chose their residences, and decorated their offices. Most importantly, he made himself an obligatory intermediary between the ministers and Boganda, requiring that any request to meet with the leader of MESAN be addressed to him personally. He seems to have done this without Boganda's knowledge.
464:. When this failed, he changed his position. The movement towards the internal autonomy of the colonies appeared irreversible. The French government was inclined to suppress the double electoral college. In 1955, with the approval of the Europeans of Bangui, Guérillot concluded an accord with Bouganda, leading to the creation of the Ubangi Liberal Inter-Group, of which Guérillot was co-vice-president. As a result, Guérillot became vice-president of the Territorial Assembly of Ubangi-Shari and of the Grand Council of French Equatorial Africa in 1956. He had completely acquired the confidence of Boganda, who in turn named him General Treasurer of his party, the
554:
hectares (250,000 acres) under cultivation between 1958 and 1970 as coffee plantations owned by
African families and to construct 77 new factories to treat the additional 50,000 tonnes (49,000 long tons; 55,000 short tons) of coffee resulting from this programme. Guérillot estimated the cost of this project to be 4 billion Central African CFA francs. This cost would be gradually reimbursed, partially by the new owners of the plantations who were expected to repay around 3.5 billion francs of loans, by training fees, and by the factories. Boganda was convinced of the value of this project and took the presidency of the Committee for Economic Health.
756:"citizenship of the French Union". This union citizenship was not citizenship of the French Republic but granted some freedoms to the native subjects (freedom of assembly, association, movement, and press) and the right to political representation. The union citizenship as distinct from French citizenship and elections in the French colonial territories were organised according to a "double college". The natives (as union citizens) voted for their own representatives separately from and in parallel with the European colonists who were French citizens. This system enabled the colonists to retain control over local politics.
626:, the independent state which Ubangi-Shari became on 1 December 1958. This career began in Paris at the general delegation, where Guérillot obtained the voluntary resignation of Philippe Monin. on 1 January 1961, Guérillot saw his mission redefined as simply a commercial delegate attached to the Central African Republic's embassy in Paris. He continued in this role until 13 February 1962. In the meantime, by a decree of 11 October 1961, he obtained Central African citizenship, which was certainly a preliminary to his appointment in February 1962 as permanent ambassador of the Central African Republic to
592:. Guérillot had justified the existence of the SOM to Abel Goumba as an effective means of ensuring the protection of the ministers and of facilitating Ubangi-Shari's establishment as an independent state, if the French state suffered some sort of disaster. Members of SOM were regularly employed as "controllers" by the Committee for Economic Health. Following complaints from members of SOM about unpaid salaries, an audit of the MESAN treasury revealed that, in addition to emptying the party treasury, Guérillot had been involved in the weapons trade.
520:, presented the projected budget of the council of ministers for 1958 to the Territorial Assembly, which included a tax hike for commercial enterprises which did not re-invest in Ubangi-Shari. At the session of 20 December, Guérillot separated himself from the government denouncing the "asphyxiation" of the Ubangi-Shari economy and suggested the replacement of certain tariffs and taxes by a tax on fuel. This project, called a
613:
297:
445:, a reform of the colonial society of French Equatorial Africa was announced. Guérillot was opposed to the granting of political rights to Africans. As a result, he became hostile to the colonial administration. His engagement with politics was affirmed when he was employed by Uniroute in a society for land transport and joined the
609:
mission was to make contact with French and
European institutions for the benefit of Ubangi-Shari. Guérillot refused to accept the post until he was promised that his salary would remain at the same rate as his old ministerial salary and that he would be appointed a general delegate, not a deputy general delegate.
553:
Guérillot entered into a rivalry with Abel Goumba. In
December 1957, he scuttled the development project focused on education which had been proposed by Goumba in September 1957, in favour of his own project, the committee for economic health. Guérillot's committee sought to put an additional 100,000
498:
In
October 1957, while Ubangi-Shari was in the grip of social protests, some African officials demanded equality with their white colleagues and Guérillot decided to raise their salaries. When it proved impossible to put this promise into practice, the government adopted another of Guérillot's ideas:
680:
Roger Guérillot was among the
European colonists who supported the transfer of the French colonies to self-government by African politicians, out of opportunism or conviction, and who was appointed by the new African governments to ministerial posts. Among the French colonies, there are parallels in
583:
As treasurer of
Boganda's party, Guérillot had organised a security service for MESAN known as SOM. SOM contained sixty groups, many of which were Europeans, who were paid monthly from the party treasury. They trained on the edge of Bangui in the Mamadou Mbaïki district. Among their officers was the
562:
and employed to "motivate" the peasants. Some abuses occurred. The project faced hostility from villagers, village chiefs, and politicians. To pay the "controllers", Guérillot appealed to a "union of capital and labour" in order to obtain capital from the colonists. The colonists were skeptical: the
608:
Although he had lost
Boganda's favour, Guérillot did not resign his public role and he seems to have been feared by the president of MESAN. He was sent far from Bangui to the post of deputy general delegate to France for Ubangi-Shari, under the authority of Philippe Monin, the general delegate. His
599:
for Ubangi-Shari vested in Hector Riviérez. Taking advantage of
Boganda's absence from Bangui, Guérillot had sought the support of members of the Territorial Assembly of Ubangi-Shari and party members of MESAN. This intrigue deeply angered Boganda. Abel Goumba was finally convinced that through the
557:
Experts pointed out that it would not be possible to provide the required number of plants in a short period of time. In the meantime, therefore, Guérillot undertook to develop the general economy by increasing the amount of cotton and peanuts under cultivation, to increase tax revenues. To achieve
489:
in 1956, the 1957 elections led to the formation of a council for local government. Although he had won these elections with a landslide, the council was presided over by the French High
Commissioner, so Boganda refused to enter it. Nevertheless, he personally arranged its composition. On 14 May
563:
project seemed to take little account of the environmental, sociological and economic conditions of the country. The Committee for Economic Health had to be with the limited assistance offered by the French state, from which Ubangi-Shari borrowed a hundred million CFA francs in March 1958.
540:
in the local budget. According to Guérillot, Ubangi-Shari could increase its income by instituting a monopoly on the sale of petrol, given to an authorised company which would pass a levy on petrol to the public treasury. When Guérillot found this project difficult to apply solely within
535:
The idea of a special tax on fuel was most widely considered in the spring of 1958 when Guérillot was focused on the finances necessary to create rural collectives in Ubangi-Shari. Guérillot calculated that their introduction would require an additional 60–85 million
716:
in 1956. On 15 October 1956, the Middle Congo Liberal Intergroup was established by the union of Fulbert Youlou's Democratic Union for the Defense of African Interests and the Union of Middle Congo of colonist Christian Jayle, former director of the cabinet during the
33:
503:
to enable an "extraordinary promotion of African senior officials," while retaining European officials in their roles. The response was negative. In response, Guérillot and Boganda organised a campaign of protest against the administrators of
453:. With this support he was elected as a councillor of the Territorial Assembly of Ubangi-Shari by the European college of voters in 1952. In the same year, he received a seat on the grand council of French Equatorial Africa from his peers.
381:(1957–1958). It was based on conservative ideals but presented as part of the emancipation of the colonies. In general, his political orientation was controversial and he seems to have been guided solely by personal interests.
652:
After the death of Boganda in March 1959, Guérillot retained a certain influence within the Central African political scene. He was among those who suggested to David Dacko, Boganda's successor, the idea of entrusting Captain
1664:
435:
341:
576:
For several reasons, Guérillot lost the support of Boganda. In July 1958, the portfolio of administrative affairs—equivalent to the ministry of the interior—was reassigned to
375:
Guérillot is known mainly for having developed the Committee of Economic Health, a failed project for the expansion of plantations in Ubangi-Shari, under the authority of the
708:
In the AEF, Guérillot promoted the model of the Ubangi Liberal Intergroup in the various territories, with a view to the establishment of an AEF Liberal Intergroup. Only
465:
266:
721:. This union led to Christian Jayle receiving the post of Secretary of State for Information from Youlou in February 1959, a role which he held until April 1960.
505:
410:
in 1928, to work as an engineer in their technical service centre in Paris. The historian Pierre Kalck claims that Guérillot was only a mechanic, dispatched to
1342:
672:, in the suburbs of Brussels. General Bokassa organised his official funeral in Bangui, where he is buried and where a road was renamed in his honour.
403:
276:
595:
Guérillot also came into conflict with Boganda after the latter became aware of his political manoeuvres in spring 1958 to get the seat in the
1634:
1524:
1669:
1615:
1581:
1562:
1543:
1502:
1438:
1413:
1373:
418:
where he worked for the Society of African Mechanics and then the Society for Forestry and Industrial Exploitation. Following the
402:. Until the end of his life, Guérillot used two first names on legal documents, Léon and Charles, He had been a student at the
442:
395:
694:
468:(MESAN). In 1957, he was one of eight Europeans elected in the territorial elections on the MESAN list, on the list in
635:
50:
545:
as a project to be implemented across the whole of French Equatorial Africa. Eventually, the project was abandoned.
537:
1334:
623:
411:
369:
256:
585:
753:
749:
654:
616:
457:
657:
with the task of organising the new national army. Guérillot got on well with Bokassa. The journalist
1659:
1654:
1364:
Pénette, Jean Pierre; Pénette Lohau, Christine (2005). Jean Pierre Pénette (ed.). "Eugène Lechat".
702:
529:
399:
215:
682:
662:
485:
377:
310:
642:. In 1970, in his final appointment, the Central African government relieved him of his role in
1630:
1611:
1577:
1558:
1539:
1520:
1498:
1434:
1409:
1369:
647:
431:
419:
346:
712:
answered this call, following Guérillot's establishment of contact with the local leader,
524:, was inspired by the economic theories developed by the founder of the cosmetics group
1603:
1591:
713:
690:
658:
461:
1648:
600:
fuel tax project, Guérillot had intended to collect a personal commission on petrol.
596:
450:
689:, as well as French Equatorial Africa (AEF). In the AOF, the former French senator,
525:
718:
709:
639:
415:
365:
328:
252:
398:, to a 21-year-old domestic servant, Marie Guérillot, employed by a family of the
414:
in 1928 to work on the steamships. In 1935, Guérillot left Michelin and moved to
1512:
698:
577:
542:
517:
427:
423:
181:
127:
638:. From July 1963 to October 1965, he was simultaneously also the ambassador to
612:
456:
Like the majority of the colonists, Guérillot was hostile to the native député
1290:
1288:
1286:
686:
631:
558:
these objectives, "controllers" were recruited from amongst the unemployed of
460:. In 1954, he proposed the formation of an anti-Bogandist militia to Governor
580:. In December 1958, Guérillot lost the ministry of economic affairs as well.
364:(12th of November 1904 – 31st of October 1971) was a French colonist of
1473:
Studia diplomatica: Biographie des chefs de mission diplomatique à Bruxelles
705:, served as minister of public works continuously from 1959 until May 1972.
661:
reports that Guérillot played a decisive role in Bokassa's fascination with
32:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
668:
On 31 October 1971, Roger Guérillot died of a heart attack in a clinic in
643:
622:
This was the beginning of a long diplomatic career in the service of the
407:
240:
627:
589:
368:
who was involved in the process of independence by which it became the
1335:"Biographies des députés de la IIIe République : Georges Monnet"
559:
500:
469:
446:
1406:
Pour une histoire du Congo-Brazzaville: Méthodologie et réflexions
669:
611:
236:
219:
701:
from 1959 to 1961. In Madagascar, Eugène Lechat, a supporter of
516:
In December 1957, the vice-president of the Government Council,
64:
13 February 1962 – 1 January 1970
1488:(in French). Paris: Université Paris-1 Panthéon-Sorbonne.
499:
demanding that the French government release 400 million
1249:
1247:
1174:
1172:
1170:
436:
Commemorative medal for voluntary service in Free France
1538:(in French) (2 ed.). Paris: Éditions L'Harmattan.
1118:
1116:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1074:
1072:
1059:
1057:
1055:
994:
992:
931:
929:
776:
774:
772:
1497:(in French). Paris: Éditions Grasset & Fasquelle.
1408:(in French). Paris: éditions L'Harmattan. p. 88.
880:
878:
876:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
94:
14 May 1957 – 6 December 1958
1574:
Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic
1157:
1155:
541:
Ubangi-Shari, he proposed it to the Grand Council in
1557:(in French). Saint-Maur-des-Fossés: Éditions Sépia.
1387:
1385:
472:, with Boganda himself as one of his co-candidates.
394:
Roger Guérillot was born on 12 November 1904 in the
494:
Extraordinary promotion of African senior officials
334:
324:
316:
306:
290:
285:
272:
262:
247:
226:
196:
191:
175:
163:
133:
121:
109:
79:
46:
23:
1665:Interior ministers of the Central African Republic
148:14 May 1957 – 1 July 1958
466:Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa
267:Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa
1433:(in French). Paris: éditions L'Harmattan: 157.
584:Czech, Otto Šacher, the future director of the
390:From colonist to African emancipation movement
1429:Moukoko, Philippe (1999). "Jayle Christian".
8:
743:
1536:Histoire centrafricaine des origines à 1966
483:As a result of the entry into force of the
449:Chamber of Commerce, as well as the Bangui
1629:(in French). Paris: Éditions L'Harmattan.
567:Ambassador of the Central African Republic
31:
20:
1576:(3 ed.). Metuchen: Scarecrow Press.
1431:Dictionnaire général du Congo-Brazzaville
1309:
342:Commemorative Voluntary Free France Medal
1486:La décolonisation de l'AEF selon Foccart
867:
1368:(in French). Antananarivo. p. 67.
1294:
768:
735:
697:, served as Minister of Agriculture in
476:The white minister of Ubangi under the
1572:Kalck, P. (2005). "Guérillot, Roger".
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1265:
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1214:
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1190:
1178:
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1034:
1022:
1010:
998:
983:
971:
959:
947:
935:
920:
896:
884:
855:
807:
780:
604:Central African ambassador to the west
430:. For his services he was awarded the
1625:Serre, J. (2007). "Roger Guérillot".
1238:
1226:
1134:
1122:
1107:
1078:
908:
843:
822:
7:
1610:(in French). Paris: Éditions A.B.C.
1366:Le livre d'or de l'aviation malgache
1321:
1460:Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens
1391:
1161:
752:had granted native subjects of the
426:in July 1940, Guérillot joined the
404:École Spéciale des Travaux Publics
14:
1598:(in French). Paris: Alain Moreau.
1345:from the original on 3 March 2016
522:système de détaxation-surtaxation
1495:Bokassa Ier un empereur français
1471:"Roger Léon Charles Guérillot".
295:
1517:Les Mémoires et les Réflexions
47:Central African Ambassador to
1:
646:to appoint him ambassador to
549:Committee for Economic Health
49:Belgium, Luxembourg, and the
1519:(in French). Paris: Ccinia.
1493:Faes, G.; Smith, S. (2000).
1404:Ndinga-Mbo, Abraham (2004).
572:Loss of support from Boganda
396:14th arrondissement of Paris
362:Roger Léon Charles Guérillot
202:Roger Léon Charles Guérillot
1458:"Mort de Roger Guérillot".
636:European Economic Community
134:Minister of Administrative
1686:
1339:www.assemblee-nationale.fr
538:Central African CFA francs
317:Years of service
1627:Biographie de David Dacko
355:
187:
141:
87:
57:
42:
30:
1670:French Equatorial Africa
1608:Le colonisateur colonisé
624:Central African Republic
412:French Equatorial Africa
370:Central African Republic
257:Central African Republic
586:Ngaragba Central Prison
441:In 1944, following the
136:Affairs of Ubangi-Shari
82:Affairs of Ubangi-Shari
754:French Colonial Empire
750:French Fourth Republic
744:
695:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
619:
588:under David Dacko and
443:Brazzaville Conference
406:before being hired by
1310:Faes & Smith 2000
615:
80:Minister of Economic
335:Military awards
1484:Bat, J. P. (2011).
748:of 7 May 1946, the
703:Philibert Tsiranana
693:, who was close to
400:16th arrondissement
277:École Spéciale des
1555:Barthélemy Boganda
1553:Kalck, P. (1995).
1534:Kalck, P. (1992).
683:French West Africa
663:Napoleon Bonaparte
655:Jean-Bédel Bokassa
620:
617:Jean-Bédel Bokassa
486:Loi-cadre Defferre
478:Loi-cadre Defferre
458:Barthélemy Boganda
420:invasion of France
378:Loi Cadre Defferre
311:Free French Forces
1636:978-2-296-02318-5
1526:978-2-915568-07-3
359:
358:
37:Guérillot in 1964
1677:
1640:
1621:
1599:
1587:
1568:
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1530:
1508:
1489:
1480:
1467:
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1395:
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1188:
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1120:
1111:
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1094:
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1038:
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1026:
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1008:
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987:
981:
975:
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951:
945:
939:
933:
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918:
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906:
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894:
888:
882:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
826:
820:
814:
805:
784:
778:
757:
747:
745:Loi Lamine Guèye
740:
648:Washington, D.C.
530:Eugène Schueller
432:Resistance Medal
347:Resistance Medal
301:
299:
298:
286:Military service
280:
233:
213:12 November 1904
212:
210:
203:
192:Personal details
178:
166:
159:
157:
153:
146:
137:
124:
112:
105:
103:
99:
92:
83:
75:
73:
69:
62:
53:
35:
21:
1685:
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1624:
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1602:
1590:
1584:
1571:
1565:
1552:
1546:
1533:
1527:
1511:
1505:
1492:
1483:
1470:
1457:
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1428:
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1423:
1416:
1403:
1402:
1398:
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1383:
1376:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1300:, p. 3348.
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1284:
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842:
829:
821:
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806:
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766:
761:
760:
741:
737:
732:
727:
678:
606:
574:
569:
551:
514:
496:
481:
438:after the war.
392:
387:
351:
296:
294:
279:Travaux Publics
278:
263:Political party
235:
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230:31 October 1971
214:
208:
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201:
176:
164:
155:
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110:
101:
97:
95:
93:
88:
81:
71:
67:
65:
63:
58:
48:
38:
26:
25:Roger Guérillot
17:
16:French colonist
12:
11:
5:
1683:
1681:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1647:
1646:
1642:
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1622:
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1600:
1588:
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1509:
1503:
1490:
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1468:
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1449:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1421:
1414:
1396:
1381:
1374:
1356:
1326:
1324:, p. 102.
1314:
1302:
1282:
1280:, p. 120.
1270:
1268:, p. 121.
1258:
1256:, p. 119.
1243:
1241:, p. 180.
1231:
1229:, p. 158.
1219:
1217:, p. 116.
1207:
1205:, p. 115.
1195:
1193:, p. 118.
1183:
1181:, p. 117.
1166:
1164:, p. 201.
1151:
1139:
1137:, p. 145.
1127:
1125:, p. 310.
1112:
1110:, p. 295.
1095:
1083:
1081:, p. 146.
1068:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1025:, p. 109.
1015:
1013:, p. 107.
1003:
988:
976:
964:
952:
940:
925:
913:
911:, p. 289.
901:
889:
872:
870:, p. 176.
860:
848:
846:, p. 309.
827:
815:
785:
783:, p. 113.
767:
765:
762:
759:
758:
734:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
714:Fulbert Youlou
691:Georges Monnet
677:
674:
605:
602:
573:
570:
568:
565:
550:
547:
513:
510:
495:
492:
480:
474:
462:Louis Sanmarco
391:
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245:
244:
234:(aged 66)
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1504:9782702148327
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1475:(in French).
1474:
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1466:: 3348. 1971.
1465:
1462:(in French).
1461:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1442:
1440:9782738482228
1436:
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1415:9782747556071
1411:
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1397:
1394:, p. 73.
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950:, p. 26.
949:
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937:
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898:
893:
890:
887:, p. 19.
886:
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869:
868:Sanmarco 1983
864:
861:
858:, p. 59.
857:
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597:French Senate
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1338:
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640:West Germany
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366:Ubangi-Shari
361:
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329:World War II
253:Ubangi-Shari
232:(1971-10-31)
177:Succeeded by
170:Post created
169:
143:
123:Succeeded by
116:Post created
115:
89:
59:
18:
1660:1971 deaths
1655:1904 births
1596:Bokassa Ier
1479:: 42. 1982.
1278:Goumba 2007
1266:Goumba 2007
1254:Goumba 2007
1215:Goumba 2007
1203:Goumba 2007
1191:Goumba 2007
1179:Goumba 2007
1147:Goumba 2007
1091:Goumba 2007
1064:Goumba 2007
1047:Goumba 2007
1035:Goumba 2007
1023:Goumba 2007
1011:Goumba 2007
999:Goumba 2007
984:Goumba 2007
972:Goumba 2007
960:Goumba 2007
948:Goumba 2007
936:Goumba 2007
921:Goumba 2007
897:Goumba 2007
885:Goumba 2007
856:Goumba 2007
781:Goumba 2007
699:Ivory Coast
659:Pierre Péan
578:David Dacko
543:Brazzaville
518:Abel Goumba
428:Free French
424:Axis forces
248:Citizenship
216:XIVe Arron.
182:David Dacko
165:Preceded by
128:David Dacko
111:Preceded by
1649:Categories
1513:Goumba, A.
1239:Kalck 1995
1227:Kalck 1995
1135:Kalck 1995
1123:Serre 2007
1108:Kalck 1992
1079:Kalck 1995
909:Kalck 1992
844:Serre 2007
823:Kalck 2005
725:References
687:Madagascar
685:(AOF) and
632:Luxembourg
291:Allegiance
209:1904-11-12
156:1958-07-01
152:1957-05-14
102:1958-12-06
98:1957-05-14
72:1970-01-01
68:1962-02-13
1349:5 January
1322:Péan 1977
764:Footnotes
506:Outre-mer
385:Biography
320:1940–1945
273:Education
243:, Belgium
144:In office
90:In office
60:In office
1606:(1983).
1594:(1977).
1592:Péan, P.
1515:(2007).
1392:Bat 2011
1343:Archived
1162:Bat 2011
644:Brussels
634:and the
512:Fuel tax
434:and the
408:Michelin
251:France,
241:Brussels
222:, France
154: –
100: –
70: –
1296:Marchés
742:By the
628:Belgium
590:Bokassa
526:L'Oréal
150: (
96: (
66: (
1633:
1614:
1580:
1561:
1542:
1523:
1501:
1437:
1412:
1372:
809:Studia
676:Legacy
560:Bangui
501:francs
470:Lobaye
447:Bangui
307:Branch
302:France
300:
730:Notes
670:Uccle
237:Uccle
220:Paris
1631:ISBN
1612:ISBN
1578:ISBN
1559:ISBN
1540:ISBN
1521:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1435:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1370:ISBN
1351:2013
1298:1971
811:1982
325:Wars
227:Died
197:Born
422:by
51:EEC
1651::
1477:35
1464:28
1384:^
1341:.
1337:.
1285:^
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665:.
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207:(
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74:)
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