512:, often interposed his men between the Indians and the settlers. In October 1855, he took Indian women and children into the fort for their own safety; but a mob of settlers raided their village, killing 27 Indians. The Indians killed 27 settlers expecting to settle the score, but the settlers continued to attack Indian camps through the winter. On May 27, 1856, Captain Smith arranged the surrender of the Indians to the US Army, but the Indians attacked the soldiers instead. The commander fought the Indians until reinforcements arrived the next day; the Indians retreated. A month later, they surrendered and were sent to reservations.
384:, it passed through the Rogue and Bear Creek valleys and crossed the Cascade Range between present-day Ashland and south of Upper Klamath Lake. From 90 to 100 wagons and 450 to 500 emigrants used the new trail later in 1846, passing through Rogue tribe's homelands between the headwaters of Bear Creek and the future site of Grants Pass and crossing the Rogue about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) downstream of it. Despite fears on both sides, violence in the watershed in the 1830s and 1840s was limited; "Indian seemed interested in speeding whites on their way, and they were happy to get through the region without being attacked."
1614:
106:
443:
308:
1208:
521:
launched an all-day assault on the remaining natives, the war ended at Big Bend (at RM 35 or RK 56) on the lower river. By then, fighting had also ended near the coast, where, before retreating upstream, a separate group of natives had killed about 30 whites and burned their cabins near what later became Gold Beach.
280:'s travel to Oregon in 1834. His party murdered several natives and buried their bodies on the island where the party was camped. These bodies were later discovered by the local tribe. They retaliated the next year, attacking an American fur trapping party that passed through. Four of the eight European-Americans were killed;
467:, the new territorial governor, negotiated a new treaty with some but not all of the Indian bands, removing them from Bear Creek and other tributaries on the south side of the main stem. At about the same time, more white emigrants, including families with women and children, were settling in the region. By 1852, about 28
48:
566:
The
Massacre at Hungry Hill, also known as the Battle of Grave Creek Hills or Battle of Bloody Springs, was the largest massacre of the Rogue River Wars. It occurred on October 31, 1855. The Native Americans were camped with their women and children on the top of a hill, with the soldiers located
520:
in
October 1855. After a volunteer militia attacked them, killing 23 men, women, and children, they fled downriver, attacking whites from Gold Hill to Galice Creek. Confronted by volunteers and regular army troops, the Indians at first repulsed them; however, after nearly 200 volunteers
345:
made the first direct contact between the
European and the inland Rogue River inhabitants when he crossed the Siskiyou Mountains to look for beaver for the fur trade. Friction between indigenous tribes and European was relatively minor during these early encounters. In 1834, however, an HBC
507:
of the
Washington Territory clashed with the U.S. Army over Indian policy: Stevens wanted to displace Indians and take their land, but the army opposed land grabs. White settlers in the Rogue River area began to attack Indian villages, and Captain Smith, commandant of
192:. The conflict designation usually includes only the hostilities that took place during 1855–1856, but there had been numerous previous skirmishes, as early as the 1830s, between European American settlers and the Native Americans, over territory and resources.
272:
and later in eastern Oregon. Larger groups of settlers and miners entered the area, consuming without restrictions the natural resources on which the
Indians relied for survival, competing for game and fish, and chopping down entire forests of oak trees.
2132:
454:
for gold in the watershed, including a Bear Creek tributary called
Jackson Creek, where they established a mining camp in 1851 at the site of what later became Jacksonville. Indian attacks on miners that year led to
482:
across the river from the federal Fort Lane. As the white population increased and Indian losses of land, food sources, and personal safety mounted, bouts of violence upstream and down continued through 1854–1855.
259:
The interaction of the Rogue River
Indians and the first European-American settlers traveling through the area was relatively peaceful. However, the situation changed drastically with the opening of the
2157:
1036:
299:
when Gay shot and killed a native boy in revenge for earlier attacks against whites. The local
Indians raided the cattle drive, but killed or drove off only a few cattle.
1500:
1093:
1126:
2152:
931:
1060:
1613:
541:
1801:
1192:
177:
1531:
1493:
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Suffering from cold, hunger, and disease on the Table Rock
Reservation, a group of Takelma returned to their old village at the mouth of
1119:
234:. While the tribes originally spoke 10 distinct languages here, the surviving native language in the 21st century is Siletz Deen-ni, an
403:
to fight indigenous people. Tensions intensified among the settlers passing through the Rogue River Valley in 1848 at the start of the
2167:
2162:
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The number of
Europeans settlers entering the Rogue River watershed greatly increased after 1846, when a party of 15 men led by
2172:
2091:
1452:
1020:
741:
in 1854, but in response to opposition from Rogue River settlers, changed it back to Rogue River a year later. See: Roger Dorband,
1680:
1603:
1222:
567:
across a narrow ravine about 1,500 feet deep. Two hundred of the Native Americans were in the mountains southwest of present-day
536:
tribes, such as the Tillamook, the Siletz, and the Clatsop. To protect 400 natives still in danger of attack at Table Rock,
517:
1010:
2073:
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252:
1982:
1897:
1546:
1227:
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734:
285:
326:, about 30 miles (48 km) north of the mouth of the Rogue River, and native people visited the ship in canoes. In 1826,
427:. It promised protection of Indigenous rights and safe passage through the Rogue Valley for European miners and settlers. (
2137:
2060:
1633:
589:
479:
1842:
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In 1855, this friction culminated in open conflict, which lasted into 1856, and is now called the Rogue River War. The
2038:
1957:
1771:
935:
631:
415:
basin. After native people attacked a group of miners returning along the Rogue in 1850, former territorial governor
2067:
2046:
1962:
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460:
2127:
1638:
1167:
1147:
600:
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Most of the Rogue River Indians were removed in 1856 to reservations further north. About 1,400 were sent to the
350:
was reported to have murdered 11 Rogue River natives, and shortly thereafter a party led by an American trapper,
327:
292:
2147:
2142:
575:, bows, and arrows and managed to hold off a group of "more than 300 ... dragoons, militiamen and volunteers".
318:
The first known contact between these groups of indigenous people and Europeans occurred when British explorer
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1806:
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2017:
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496:
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134:
39:
1987:
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181:
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between Indians and the combined forces of professional soldiers and volunteer miner militias.
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1997:
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1972:
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381:
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231:
380:; the new trail was used by emigrants headed for the Willamette Valley. Later called the
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raised fears among European settlers throughout the region. They formed large volunteer
27:
1855-56 conflict between Native American tribes and U.S. soldiers and settlers in Oregon
2007:
1907:
1852:
1756:
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1706:
1669:
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335:
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1977:
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2002:
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1061:"Hungry Hill, the Lost Site of Historic Indian Battle in Southern Oregon, is Found"
572:
533:
475:
377:
261:
223:
914:
2022:
1967:
1947:
1942:
1927:
1887:
1832:
1766:
1741:
1716:
1334:
709:
Uncertain Encounters: Indians and explorers at Peace and War in Southern Oregon.
537:
451:
416:
351:
277:
1104:
1658:
1232:
1187:
584:
420:
392:
269:
1685:
1157:
1037:"Lost Oregon Indian Battlefield Discovery Attributable to ‘Detective Work'"
724:
Seventh edition. Portland: Oregon Historical Society Press, 2003; pg. 822.
1100:
Guide to the Rogue River Wars (ca. 1855–1857) at the University of Oregon.
1339:
1294:
1237:
143:
442:
1419:
1404:
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was apparently derived from French fur trappers, who called the river
1414:
1394:
1364:
1096:—Fort Lane was an important base for the US Army during this conflict
915:"Guide to the Cayuse, Yakima, and Rogue River Wars Papers, 1847–1858"
334:(HBC) led an overland expedition from HBC's regional headquarters in
211:
200:
189:
74:
493:
Guide to the Cayuse, Yakima, and Rogue River Wars Papers 1847–1858
1289:
441:
306:
250:
932:"Where Living Waters Flow: Place & People: War & Removal"
2133:
Wars involving the indigenous peoples of North America in Oregon
656:
Third Edition. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2009; pg. ???
251:
1482:
1108:
711:
Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press, 2002; pp. 11–19.
276:
The first recorded hostilities were caused by the American
214:, and about 20 other tribes were placed with Tolowa at the
203:
and other tribes to reservations in Oregon and California.
698:
Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997; pp. 20–25.
295:, Bailey, Gay and others were herding cattle north to the
1081:
The Rogue River Indian War and Its Aftermath, 1850–1980.
696:
The Rogue River Indian War and Its Aftermath, 1850–1980.
172:
were an armed conflict in 1855–1856 between the
532:. They were placed with other Indians who were from
446:
Joel Palmer, Oregon Superintendent of Indian Affairs
411:
passed through the Rogue Valley on their way to the
2158:
Wars between the United States and Native Americans
2082:
2031:
1815:
1699:
1621:
1514:
1443:
1282:
1256:
1215:
1140:
652:Carl Waldman, "Takelma and Tututni Resistance," in
195:Following conclusion of the war, the United States
544:, ordered their removal to the newly established
180:tribes commonly grouped under the designation of
857:
855:
1083:Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997.
314:encountered inland Rogue River natives in 1827.
32:
1494:
1120:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1009:Project, Federal Writers' (31 October 2013).
971:The Rogue River Indian War and Its Aftermath,
821:The Rogue River Indian War and Its Aftermath,
365:because they regarded the natives as rogues (
255:Hoxie Simmons, a Rogue River Indian, c. 1870.
8:
690:
688:
686:
680:End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center.
476:Table Rock Treaty with the Rogue River tribe
934:. Oregon Historical Society. Archived from
1501:
1487:
1479:
1127:
1113:
1105:
745:Portland, OR: Raven Studios, 2008; pg. 58.
625:
623:
621:
46:
29:
1453:Native American peoples of Oregon history
1012:The WPA Guide to Oregon: The Beaver State
925:
923:
917:, Eugene, OR: University of Oregon, 2010.
720:Lewis A. McArthur and Lewis L. McArthur,
176:, local militias and volunteers, and the
52:Rogue River Valley in the state of Oregon
376:developed a southern alternative to the
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
617:
542:Oregon Superintendent of Indian Affairs
1509:Pioneer history of Oregon (1806–1890)
1193:Western Oregon Indian Termination Act
930:Atwood, Kay; Gray, Dennis J. (2003).
528:in central Oregon, later renamed the
354:, shot and killed at least two more.
7:
2153:Indian wars of the American Old West
471:had been filed in the Rogue Valley.
654:Atlas of the North American Indian,
474:Further clashes in 1853 led to the
913:Rose M. Smith and Barrett Codieck
341:In 1827, an HBC expedition led by
25:
1094:The Fort Lane Archaeology Project
1612:
1547:Oregon & California Railroad
1206:
438:Mining in the Rogue River valley
407:, when hundreds of men from the
104:
2074:Oregon Steam Navigation Company
743:The Rogue: Portrait of a River.
499:summarizes the war as follows:
459:intervention and fighting near
419:negotiated a peace treaty with
206:In central coastal Oregon, the
188:area of what today is southern
735:Oregon Territorial Legislature
632:"Rogue River War of 1855-1856"
338:to as far south as the Rogue.
230:, about 15 miles northeast of
1:
1634:Russo-American Treaty of 1824
590:Table Rock Indian Reservation
480:Table Rock Indian Reservation
119:local militias and volunteers
64:October 8, 1855 to June, 1856
1135:Indigenous peoples in Oregon
1015:. Trinity University Press.
395:in what became southeastern
222:, located on land along the
1043:Media Network, 7 Nov. 2012.
634:. Oregon Historical Society
2189:
1163:Northern Kalapuya language
595:Upper and Lower Table Rock
559:
2168:1856 in the United States
2163:1855 in the United States
1681:Constitutional Convention
1639:Willamette Cattle Company
1610:
1204:
1168:Oregon Penutian languages
1148:Central Kalapuya language
1025:– via Google Books.
678:Oregon's Historic Trails.
601:The Battle of Rogue River
328:Alexander Roderick McLeod
293:Willamette Cattle Company
218:. It is now known as the
149:
128:
97:
56:
45:
37:
2173:Native American genocide
722:Oregon Geographic Names.
546:Grande Ronde Reservation
291:In 1837, as part of the
216:Coast Indian Reservation
1807:Willamette Trading Post
1664:Donation Land Claim Act
1552:Oregon boundary dispute
556:Massacre at Hungry Hill
363:La Riviere aux Coquins,
2092:Native peoples history
1792:Thomas and Ruckle Road
1604:Provisional Government
1059:Kimberly A.C. Wilson,
550:Yamhill County, Oregon
514:
503:Throughout the 1850s,
447:
315:
256:
129:Commanders and leaders
18:Rogue River Indian War
1868:Abigail Scott Duniway
997:Uncertain Encounters,
984:Uncertain Encounters,
958:Uncertain Encounters,
902:Uncertain Encounters,
889:Uncertain Encounters,
876:Uncertain Encounters,
863:Uncertain Encounters,
847:Uncertain Encounters,
834:Uncertain Encounters,
808:Uncertain Encounters,
795:Uncertain Encounters,
782:Uncertain Encounters,
756:Uncertain Encounters,
562:Battle of Hungry Hill
501:
478:that established the
445:
431:Battle of Evans Creek
310:
254:
228:Central Coastal Range
150:Casualties and losses
89:United States Victory
2138:Rogue River (Oregon)
1542:Hudson's Bay Company
1522:American Fur Company
1041:Indian Country Today
737:changed the name to
675:"Ewing Young Route,"
497:University of Oregon
469:donation land claims
405:California Gold Rush
332:Hudson's Bay Company
288:were two survivors.
155:33 volunteers killed
135:Andrew Jackson Smith
40:American Indian Wars
1988:Eliza Hart Spalding
1599:Pacific Fur Company
1567:Oregon missionaries
1532:Executive Committee
238:related to Tolowa.
236:Athabaskan language
182:Rogue River Indians
159:44 civilians killed
123:Rogue River Indians
1933:Morton M. McCarver
1923:David Thomas Lenox
1787:Philip Foster Farm
1691:Great Gale of 1880
1527:Columbian exchange
1223:Bridge of the Gods
1173:Salishan languages
607:Battle of Big Bend
530:Siletz Reservation
518:Little Butte Creek
448:
423:, a leader of the
348:Michel Laframboise
346:expedition led by
316:
257:
220:Siletz Reservation
186:Rogue River Valley
162:around 100+ killed
157:17 regulars killed
139:Robert C. Buchanan
2115:
2114:
1998:William Vandevert
1893:Cornelius Gilliam
1873:Thomas Lamb Eliot
1848:William H. Boring
1843:François Blanchet
1772:Methodist Mission
1644:Champoeg Meetings
1476:
1475:
1198:Yoncalla language
1178:Shastan languages
526:Coast Reservation
343:Peter Skene Ogden
312:Peter Skene Ogden
303:Cultural conflict
297:Willamette Valley
282:William J. Bailey
166:
165:
93:
92:
16:(Redirected from
2180:
2128:Rogue River Wars
2018:Geo. H. Williams
2013:Narcissa Whitman
1823:George Abernethy
1797:Tualatin Academy
1782:Oregon Institute
1676:Rogue River Wars
1654:Whitman massacre
1616:
1579:Oregon Territory
1573:Oregon Spectator
1503:
1496:
1489:
1480:
1248:Rogue River Wars
1210:
1129:
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1115:
1106:
1079:E. A. Schwartz,
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694:E. A. Schwartz,
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627:
505:Governor Stevens
413:Sacramento River
409:Oregon Territory
389:Whitman massacre
320:George Vancouver
170:Rogue River Wars
110:
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58:
57:
50:
30:
21:
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2177:
2148:1850s in Oregon
2143:1850s conflicts
2118:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2102:Pioneer history
2097:History to 1806
2078:
2027:
1973:Osborne Russell
1953:James D. Miller
1938:John McLoughlin
1828:Jesse Applegate
1811:
1802:Whitman Mission
1712:Applegate Trail
1695:
1617:
1608:
1510:
1507:
1477:
1472:
1463:Pioneer history
1458:History to 1806
1439:
1380:Northern Paiute
1278:
1252:
1243:Missoula Floods
1228:Kalapuya Treaty
1211:
1202:
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1074:Further reading
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630:Schwartz, E.A.
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382:Applegate Trail
374:Jesse Applegate
305:
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232:Newport, Oregon
178:Native American
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33:Rogue River War
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2107:Modern history
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2084:Oregon history
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2061:Colonel Wright
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2032:Transportation
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2028:
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2020:
2015:
2010:
2008:Marcus Whitman
2005:
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1993:Henry Spalding
1990:
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1908:Joseph Kellogg
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1853:Elijah Bristow
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1757:French Prairie
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1747:Fort Vancouver
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1732:Elliott Cutoff
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1670:Holmes v. Ford
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1649:Star of Oregon
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1629:Treaty of 1818
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1557:Oregon Country
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1468:Modern history
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1445:Oregon history
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36:
31:
19:
2066:
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2053:
2047:Lot Whitcomb
2045:
2039:
2003:Elijah White
1903:Chief Joseph
1883:Peter French
1752:Fort William
1737:Fort Astoria
1675:
1668:
1594:Organic Laws
1584:Oregon Trail
1571:
1274:Mount Mazama
1269:Celilo Falls
1264:Fort Clatsop
1247:
1080:
1064:
1040:
1031:
1011:
1004:
996:
991:
986:pp. 157–158.
983:
978:
973:pp. 146–149.
970:
965:
960:pp. 150–153.
957:
952:
940:. Retrieved
936:the original
909:
901:
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888:
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875:
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862:
846:
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833:
828:
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815:
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742:
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729:
721:
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708:
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695:
677:
653:
648:
636:. Retrieved
599:
565:
523:
515:
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492:
490:
473:
449:
428:
386:
378:Oregon Trail
371:
366:
362:
358:
356:
340:
317:
290:
275:
268:in northern
262:Oregon Trail
258:
224:Siletz River
205:
194:
169:
167:
98:Belligerents
2023:Ewing Young
1968:Joel Palmer
1948:Ezra Meeker
1943:Joseph Meek
1928:Asa Lovejoy
1888:Joseph Gale
1833:Ira Babcock
1777:Oregon City
1767:Meek Cutoff
1742:Fort Dalles
1717:Barlow Road
1183:Thunderbird
904:pp. 124–32.
771:, pp. 14–15
571:armed with
538:Joel Palmer
452:prospecting
417:Joseph Lane
359:Rogue River
352:Ewing Young
324:Cape Blanco
278:Ewing Young
266:gold rushes
2122:Categories
1983:Levi Scott
1958:John Minto
1913:H.A.G. Lee
1898:David Hill
1838:Sam Barlow
1659:Cayuse War
1233:Cayuse War
969:Schwartz,
865:pp. 76–77.
849:pp. 78–80.
836:pg. 68–69.
819:Schwartz,
810:pp. 66–68.
739:Gold River
585:Cayuse War
461:Table Rock
429:see also:
421:Apserkahar
397:Washington
393:Cayuse War
286:George Gay
270:California
247:Background
1918:Jason Lee
1762:Linn City
1686:Modoc War
1410:Tillamook
1375:Nez Perce
1370:Multnomah
1350:Klickitat
1320:Clackamas
1158:Longhouse
1153:Chinookan
995:Douthit,
982:Douthit,
956:Douthit,
900:Douthit,
887:Douthit,
874:Douthit,
861:Douthit,
845:Douthit,
832:Douthit,
823:pp. 26–27
806:Douthit,
780:Douthit,
613:Footnotes
510:Fort Lane
457:U.S. Army
357:The name
208:Tillamook
184:, in the
174:U.S. Army
116:U.S. Army
73:Southern
2040:Columbia
1727:Champoeg
1425:Umatilla
1340:Kalapuya
1330:Coquille
1295:Atfalati
1238:Potlatch
891:pg. 106.
793:Douthit,
754:Douthit,
638:June 28,
579:See also
569:Roseburg
401:militias
391:and the
264:and the
144:Tecumtum
69:Location
38:Part of
2068:Gazelle
2054:Canemah
1722:Canemah
1537:Ferries
1430:Umpquat
1420:Tututni
1405:Takelma
1400:Siuslaw
1385:Santiam
1355:Latgawa
1345:Klamath
1325:Clatsop
1315:Chinook
1300:Bannock
942:May 18,
878:pg. 80.
797:pg. 63.
784:pg. 60.
758:pg. 58.
495:at the
425:Takelma
367:coquins
330:of the
242:History
226:in the
197:removed
1816:People
1707:Albina
1700:Places
1622:Events
1515:Topics
1415:Tolowa
1395:Siletz
1390:Shasta
1365:Molala
1310:Chetco
1305:Cayuse
1283:People
1257:Places
1216:Events
1188:Wapato
1141:Topics
1019:
769:et al.
540:, the
212:Siletz
201:Tolowa
190:Oregon
109:
86:Result
75:Oregon
1360:Modoc
1290:Alsea
767:Loy,
1335:Coos
1017:ISBN
944:2009
733:The
640:2018
284:and
199:the
168:The
61:Date
548:in
487:War
369:).
2124::
1063:,
1048:^
1039:,
922:^
854:^
685:^
661:^
620:^
552:.
434:)
210:,
77:,
1502:e
1495:t
1488:v
1128:e
1121:t
1114:v
946:.
642:.
20:)
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