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408:. Wood shakes are typically longer and thicker than wood shingles. The main difference is in how they are made, with shingles always being sawn and shakes normally being split, at least on one side. A wood shake is often more textured, as it is split following the natural grain of the wood rather than sawn against it like the shingle. Untreated wood shingles and shakes have long been known as a fire hazard and have been banned in various places, particularly in urban areas where exterior, combustible building materials contribute to devastating fires known as
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Composite or synthetic shingles are a relatively new type of shingle material that are made from a blend of materials, including asphalt, fiberglass, and other polymers. These shingles are designed to mimic the look of natural materials such as wood, slate, or clay and aim to increase the durability,
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Eventually the loss of the oils causes asphalt shingle fibers to shrink and wood shingles to rot, exposing the nail heads under the shingles. Once the nail heads are exposed, water running down the roof can seep into the building around the nail shank, resulting in rotting of underlying roof building
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The protective nature of paper and fiberglass asphalt shingles primarily comes from the long-chain petroleum hydrocarbons, while wood shingles are protected by natural oils in the cellulose structure. Over time in the hot sun, these oils soften and when rain falls the oils are gradually washed out of
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Metal shingles are a type of roofing material that offers the appeal of traditional shingles, such as wood, tile, and slate, while providing high fire resistance and durability. They are crafted from durable heavy-gauge aluminum and designed to emulate the classic appearance of traditional slate,
465:
The primary means of failure in a slate roof is when individual slates lose their peg attachment and begin to slide out of place. This can open up small gaps above each slate. A secondary mode of failure is when the slates themselves begin to break up. The lower parts of a slate may break loose,
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do not allow the use of shingles with less than a class-A fire rating to be used on some types of buildings. Due to increased fire hazard, wood shingles and organic-based asphalt shingles have become less common than fiberglass-based asphalt shingles. No shingles are water-tight so the minimum
462:, the usual name outside the US. Slate roof shingles are relatively expensive to install but can last 80 to 400 years depending on the quality of the slate used, and how well they are maintained. The material itself deteriorates only slowly, and may be recycled from one building to another.
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Where slates are particularly heavy, the roof may begin to split apart along the roofline. This usually follows rot developing and weakening the internal timbers, often as a result of poor ventilation within the roof space. An important aspect to slate roofs is the use of a metal
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are typically made from 95% recycled material from a variety of sources including recycled tires. They last twice as long as asphalt shingles but are about twice the price as asphalt. They are more quiet than most roofs, hail resistant, and a high wind rating if there is a
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Cedar shingles are resistant to rot and commonly available in lengths of 18 and 24 inches (460 and 610 mm). These fade gradually from natural wood colored to a silver-like tone. Types include hand-split resawn shakes, tapersplit shakes or tapersawn shakes.
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Flagstone shingles are a traditional roofing material. Some stone shingles are fastened in place but some simply are held by gravity, so the roof pitch cannot be too steep or the stones will slide off the roof. Sandstone has also been used to make shingles.
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giving a gap below a slate. Commonly the small and stressed area above the nail hole may fail, allowing the slate to slip as before. In the worst cases, a slate may simply break in half and be lost altogether. A common repair to slate roofs is to apply '
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covering consisting of individual overlapping elements. These elements are typically flat, rectangular shapes laid in courses from the bottom edge of the roof up, with each successive course overlapping the joints below. Shingles are held by the roof
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consisting of boards, copper, or lead sheeting. An asphalt shingle roof has flexible asphalt shingles as the ridge cap. Some roof shingles are non-combustible or have a better fire rating than others which influence their use, some
200:, which still dominate in Europe and some parts of Asia, are still usually called tiles. Roof shingles may deteriorate faster and need to repel more water than wall shingles. They are a very common roofing material in the
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roof shingles or tile strips, and are much less common. They are easy to install, relatively affordable, last 20 to 60 years and are recyclable in some areas. Asphalt shingles come in numerous styles and colors.
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Plastic has been used to produce imitation slate shingles. These are lightweight and durable, but combustible. Also, they are very lightweight and are one of the cheapest shingles to have installed.
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strength, and resistance to weather elements relative to these natural materials. Some examples of manufacturers of synthetic or composite roof shingles are DaVinci
Roofscapes or Unified Steel.
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to prevent leaks even from wind driven rain and snow and ice dams in cold climates. At the ridge the shingles on one side of the roof simply extend past the ridge or there is a
390:, Finland. It was completed in 1755 and built most likely by August Sorsa. Close-up of the wooden shingle roof. The patterning is said to originate from Islamic architecture.
553:, the use of which has been banned since the 1980s, for health reasons. The removal of shingles containing asbestos requires extra precautions and special disposal methods.
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In the United States, fiberglass-based asphalt shingles are by far the most common roofing material used for residential roofing applications. In Europe, they are called
470:', a mortar fillet underneath the slates, attaching them to the battens. This may apply as either a repair, to hold slipping slates, or pre-emptively on construction.
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Severe shrinkage resulting in tearing away of entire tabs. Note the exposed nail heads. Water running down the roof can seep around the nails into the interior space.
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meaning a roofing slate. Shingles historically were called tiles, and shingle was a term applied to wood shingles, as is still mostly the case outside the US.
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the shingles. During rain, more water is channeled along eaves and complex rooflines, and these are subsequently more prone to erosion than other areas.
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buildings, are typically of a material locally available. The type of shingle is taken into account before construction because the material affects the
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and the edge seams offset to avoid leaks. Many shingle installations benefit from being placed on top of an underlayment material such as asphalt
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which will last as long as the slates. Slate shingles may be cut in a variety of decorative patterns and are available in several colors.
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731:"The Bitumen Roofing Industry – A Global Perspective: Production, Use, Properties, Specifications and Occupational Exposure"
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The use of wooden roof shingles has existed in parts of the world with a long tradition of wooden buildings, especially
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cedar shingles, and other materials. Metal shingles are extremely fire resistant, so are used in fire prone areas.
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Handbook of technical terms used in architecture and building and their allied trades and subjects
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Example of faster asphalt shingle wear along eaves due to channeled water running down the roof.
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Roof shingles are almost always highly visible and so are an important aspect of a building's
412:. Modern pressure-impregnated fire retardant treated wood shakes and shingles can achieve a
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Fibre cement shingles are often known by their manufacturer's name, such as
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802:"Mastering Roof Inspections: Wood Shakes and Shingles, Part 1 - InterNACHI"
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recommended roof pitch is 4:12 without additional underlayment materials.
293:. All shingle roofs are installed from the bottom upward beginning with a
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Slate roofers guild emblem as an ornament made with slate roof shingles,
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720:. Student ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1998. 177. Print.
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781:"Installation, Care, and Maintenance of Wood Shake and Shingle Roofs"
694:. vol 7. New York: Century Co., 1901. 5574. Print. Accessed 1/11/2014
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were built with wood, and roof shingles were extensively employed in
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148:(1½ acres), it was one of the largest wooden shingle roofs in Europe.
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materials and causing moisture damage to ceilings and paint inside.
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Japanese roof with shingles partly laid and the nail box.
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def. 1. Whitney, William Dwight, and
Benjamin E. Smith.
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fitting at the front edge of the rubber shingle design.
503:, Germany. Note the hip shingles act as a ridge cap.
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where others need solid sheathing (sheeting) on the
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for a slate roof. The ridge is often covered with a
707:,. London: Scott, Greenwood, and Co.;, 1904. Print.
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
431:. Nearly all the houses and buildings in colonial
878:"Rubber Roofing Shingles | 2023 Cost Guide"
549:. Often, the fiber in the cement material was
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760:"What Color To Paint House With Green Roof?"
400:Two basic types of wood shingles are called
229:from its neighbors. The first course is the
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285:method: Some shingles can be installed on
164:and are made of various materials such as
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
892:"Possibly THE MOST Hail Resistant Roof!"
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788:United States Department of Agriculture
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27:Overlapping plates for covering a roof
692:The Century dictionary and cyclopedia
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569:Metal shingles on St John's Church,
531:A dry laid stone roof in Switzerland
58:adding citations to reliable sources
718:Graphic guide to frame construction
212:Shingle is a corruption of German
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386:Heinola Rural Parish church, in
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716:Kang, Kaffee, and Rob Thallon.
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573:, Netherlands 20307447 - RCE
515:A typical flagstone roof in
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208:Etymology and nomenclature
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233:and the last being a
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619:Rubber shingle roofs
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54:improve this article
826:"Qualified Roofers"
613:Rubber shingle roof
414:Class B fire rating
186:composite materials
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860:. Retrieved
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852:"Roof Tiles"
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834:. Retrieved
832:. 2021-05-11
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110:January 2014
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52:Please help
47:verification
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862:3 September
460:slate tiles
421:Scandinavia
146:6000 m
923:Roof tiles
912:Categories
836:2024-01-23
811:2018-06-14
766:2023-12-25
744:22 October
672:References
641:Metal roof
636:Roof tiles
517:Kastanitsa
299:felt paper
279:roof pitch
275:vernacular
271:aesthetics
261:material.
259:ridge vent
198:roof tiles
196:. Ceramic
80:newspapers
688:"Shingle"
519:, Greece.
501:Meerbusch
303:ridge cap
291:roof deck
243:ridge cap
174:flagstone
666:Shingles
630:See also
551:asbestos
547:Transite
476:flashing
468:torching
402:shingles
265:Overview
215:Schindel
188:such as
138:Zakopane
897:YouTube
543:Eternit
425:Central
388:Heinola
363:bitumen
223:courses
182:plastic
162:rafters
94:scholar
433:Chiloé
423:, and
406:shakes
347:Right:
227:offset
184:, and
155:are a
142:Poland
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918:Roofs
858:. CME
850:CME.
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343:Left:
253:, or
251:piece
247:board
178:metal
170:slate
101:JSTOR
87:books
864:2019
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571:Tzum
427:and
404:and
287:lath
281:and
255:roll
192:and
166:wood
157:roof
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