177:
diabetes which
Woodyatt himself introduced in the 1930s. He never wrote a paper on the subject but contemporaries understood it to refer to excessive fluctuations of blood sugar which could not be explained by patient or physician errors; the cardinal feature was unpredictability and unexpected hypoglycaemic reactions. Also in the 1930s, practitioners of the newly formed psychosomatic movement took an interest in the effect of emotional factors on the course of diabetes and, in particular, patients who were ‘difficult’ or ‘refractory’. What marked ‘difficult’ patients was that they did not follow their doctor’s instructions or had recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis. By the 1950s the question was whether there were two distinct groups of patients; one whose lability could be cured by adjusting insulin, diet, and exercise, and another whose lability had an emotional origin. Did proponents of the organic school have patients (unreported) in whom lability had an obvious emotional cause or, conversely, were the psychosocial problems which the psychiatrists unearthed a consequence rather than a cause of the instability?
220:(1881–1960) and a paper R. T. Woodyatt "presented a detailed theory of antiketogenesis, the underlying principle being that the ketones are formed in the course of the normal metabolism and are completely oxidized, provided that they come into contact with a sufficient quantity of glucose which is itself in the process of oxidation. In the absence of this "oxidizing" glucose they accumulate in the tissues. Both Shaffer and Woodyatt ... published formulas by which to estimate ketogenic balance."
1812:
126:. Upon his return to the United States, Woodyatt worked at Presbyterian Hospital under Frank Billings (1854–1932) and James B. Herrick but became increasingly devoted to laboratory work on "the chemistry and physiology of carbohydrate metabolism and experimental forms of diabetes." Woodyatt was a perfectionist and disliked teaching undergraduates. In 1916 he gave one of the Harvey Lectures of the
152:
Before insulin became available commercially, Woodyatt was one of the early specialists asked to develop insulin after its discovery by
Canadians Charles H. Best and Frederick G. Banting. He worked to perfect insulin for patient use and began to produce it in his laboratory, becoming one of the first
176:
In 1934 the
Chicago physician R.T. Woodyatt suggested that ‘The history of diabetes has been marked by recurrence of certain ideas which decline and disappear; only to go through a similar cycle again in an altered form in a new generation’. This has been particularly true of the concept of brittle
103:. At Chicago's Presbyterian Hospital, after completing his internship, he joined the hospital staff as an assistant in medicine and later became an attending physician. At Rush Medical College, he also served as a clinical professor and eventually became the chair of the department of medicine.
224:
published in 1924 his findings concerning the
Woodyatt formula as it pertained to diabetic patients undergoing dietary treatments in the pre-insulin era. Using the ideas of Shaffer and Woodyatt, Clarence Dean Withrow (1927–2006) published in 1980 a new formula for the ketogenic ratio (which is
79:
Woodyatt's father, William Henry
Woodyatt (1846–1880), was a Canadian-born, American-educated physician who practiced medicine in Chicago and became a professor of ophthalmology and otology. R. T. Woodyatt was helped by his uncle, the architect
1186:
662:
67:(3 June 1878 – 17 December 1953) was an American physician, known for his contribution to the field of diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Woodyatt advocated a
122:. Woodyatt studied at European laboratories from 1906 to 1908, where he studied for a year in Vienna and then in Munich, where he was profoundly influenced by
84:, whose sister Clara (1850–1939) was widowed by W. H. Woodyatt's early death from diphtheria. R. T. Woodyatt's brother Ernest (1874–1922) became an architect.
182:
168:
During the early 1930s, leading laboratories in diabetology were
Woodyatt's laboratory in Chicago, Russell M. Wilder's laboratory at the Mayo Clinic, and
317:"Extra sugar during ether and nitrous oxide narcosis in fully phlorhizinized dogs: Sources of error in existing methods for the study of gluconeogenesis"
1846:
1856:
1876:
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688:
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186:
921:
1871:
1851:
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161:
in 1924, Woodyatt, as an expert on endocrinology, testified as a witness for the state of
Illinois against the defense led by
100:
1391:
202:
1235:
1471:
759:
221:
1366:
1779:
1290:
1265:
663:"From the Rush Archives: Diabetes Awareness Month, Rush's R. T. Woodyatt, MD, and our Historic Diabetes Clinic"
111:
722:
1729:
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1516:
1361:
217:
123:
99:
in 1902 and from 1902 to 1904 was a medical intern at
Chicago's Presbyterian Hospital, which became part of
1789:
1734:
1521:
1386:
237:"The Action of Glycol Aldehyd and Glycerin Aldehyd in Diabetes Mellitus and the Nature of Antiketogenesis"
119:
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804:
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68:
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96:
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1541:
1511:
1486:
1456:
1446:
1431:
1411:
1056:
995:
970:
Tattersall, R. B. (1997). "Brittle
Diabetes Revisited: The Third Arnold Bloom Memorial Lecture".
945:
779:
336:
92:
494:
Woodyatt, Rollin T. (1927). "Psychic and
Emotional Factors in General Diagnosis and Treatment".
1119:"Ketogenic ratio determines metabolic effects of macronutrients and prevents interpretive bias"
1739:
1461:
1381:
1315:
1150:
1099:
987:
932:
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888:
873:
830:
704:
684:
632:
559:
316:
189:, and in 1941 to the Institute of Medicine of Chicago (established in 1915 by Frank Billings,
169:
145:
133:
928:
882:
The Harvey Lectures, delivered under the auspices of the Harvey Society of New York 1915–1916
348:
Raulston, B. O.; Woodyatt, R. T. (March 28, 1914). "Blood Transfusion in Diabetes Mellitus".
1749:
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1130:
1089:
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357:
328:
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273:
248:
194:
158:
115:
225:
defined as the ratio of the sum of ketogenic factors to the sum of antiketogenic factors).
1744:
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1556:
1501:
1476:
1436:
1421:
1406:
1401:
1371:
1240:
162:
88:
855:
571:
Woodyatt, R. T.; Spetz, Marseille (1942). "Anticipation in the Inheritance of Diabetes".
486:
434:
277:
1032:
443:
286:
1774:
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1623:
1561:
1531:
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1118:
1094:
1069:
825:
808:
627:
610:
554:
537:
190:
127:
81:
1049:
528:
460:
387:
370:
303:
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1784:
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1300:
1270:
1250:
584:
507:
409:
361:
340:
312:
252:
198:
999:
783:
181:
Woodyatt was elected to the presidencies of three learned societies: in 1916 to the
1724:
1426:
1416:
1295:
1285:
1245:
1230:
897:
Studies from the Otho S.A. Sprague Memorial Institute: Collected Reprints, Volume 4
911:
1759:
1719:
1658:
1591:
1451:
1345:
1335:
1330:
1220:
1628:
1536:
1340:
1310:
1260:
1033:"Clinical Calorimetry XXXIV. Ketosis and the Respiratory Exchange in Diabetes"
1703:
1135:
813:
Quarterly Bulletin. Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.). Medical School
262:"The Use of Blood Charcoal as a Clearing Agent for Urine Containing Glucose"
1154:
1103:
1085:
1055:(quote from p. 932, which also has the explicit Woodyatt formula in grams)
834:
636:
563:
332:
991:
287:"Studies on the Theory of Diabetes I: Sarcolactic Acid in Diabetic Muscle"
1164:
984:
10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199702)14:2<99::AID-DIA320>3.0.CO;2-I
775:
1754:
1638:
709:
History of Medicine and Surgery, and Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago
141:
615:
Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association
542:
Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association
470:
418:
397:
261:
236:
197:, and 26 other prominent physicians). Woodyatt was awarded the 1948
681:
The Doc and the Duchess: The Life and Legacy of George H. A. Clowes
444:"An Improved Volumetric Pump for Continuous Intravenous Injections"
130:
of New York. During WW I, he served as a major in the U.S. Army.
398:"Prolonged and Accurately Timed Intravenous Injections of Sugar"
321:
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
1168:
1013:
515:
Woodyatt, Rollin T. (1937). "The Prevention of Diabetic Coma".
148:
changed the direction of Woodyatt's research in diabetology.
856:"Descendants of Thomas Woodyatt , Taylor — Third Generation"
417:
Balcar, J. O.; Sansum, William D.; Woodyatt, R. T. (1919).
396:
Woodyatt, R. T.; Sansum, William D.; Wilder, R. M. (1915).
730:
The Presbyterian Hospital of the City of Chicago Bulletin
732:. Vol. 31, no. 7. July–August 1939. p. 4.
723:"In Memoriam. Mrs. Clara Burnham Woodyatt (1850–1939)"
573:
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
496:
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
369:
Greer, J.R.; Witzemann, E.J.; Woodyatt, R.T. (1914).
1712:
1611:
1604:
1354:
1213:
1206:
711:. Biographical Publishing Corporation. p. 136.
471:"Objects and Method of Diet Adjustment in Diabetes"
153:
providers of insulin for Chicago diabetes patients.
54:
42:
30:
23:
95:from 1897 to 1898. He graduated with an M.D. from
110:, where he studied carbohydrate metabolism under
850:
848:
846:
844:
1031:Richardson, Henry B.; Ladd, William S. (1924).
891:Studies on Intermediate Carbohydrate Metabolism
876:Studies on intermediate carbohydrate metabolism
174:
150:
1180:
260:Woodyatt, R. T.; Helmholz, H. F. (May 1911).
8:
402:Journal of the American Medical Association
350:Journal of the American Medical Association
241:Journal of the American Medical Association
183:American Society for Clinical Investigation
1608:
1210:
1203:
1187:
1173:
1165:
1117:Zilberter, Tanya; Zilberter, Yuri (2018).
106:He graduated with a B.S. in 1906 from the
20:
1144:
1134:
1093:
1048:
946:"Some aspects of carbohydrate metabolism"
824:
753:
751:
749:
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745:
743:
741:
739:
698:
696:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
626:
553:
459:
419:"Fever and the Water Reserve of the Body"
386:
302:
799:
797:
795:
793:
140:'s successful isolation in July 1921 of
683:. Indiana University Press. pp. 92-94.
598:
667:Rush University Medical Center Library
661:Wheaton, Nathalie (November 3, 2020).
604:
602:
809:"A tribute to Rollin Turner Woodyatt"
235:Woodyatt, R. T. (December 17, 1910).
7:
487:10.1001/archinte.1921.00100140002001
435:10.1001/archinte.1919.00090240119009
278:10.1001/archinte.1911.00060050020002
371:"Studies on the Theory of Diabetes"
944:Murlin, John R. (September 1933).
187:Association of American Physicians
14:
1068:Thomson, A. P. (March 15, 1924).
705:"William H. Woodyatt (1846–1880)"
71:high-fat diet to treat diabetes.
1847:20th-century American physicians
1811:
1810:
1018:Institute of Medicine of Chicago
703:Chicago Medical Society (1922).
585:10.1001/jama.1942.02830430024007
517:Medical Clinics of North America
508:10.1001/jama.1927.02690130001001
410:10.1001/jama.1915.02580240023006
362:10.1001/jama.1914.02560380020007
253:10.1001/jama.1910.04330250005003
87:Woodyatt graduated in 1897 from
1857:Low-carbohydrate diet advocates
1037:Journal of Biological Chemistry
448:Journal of Biological Chemistry
375:Journal of Biological Chemistry
291:Journal of Biological Chemistry
910:Sellers, Alvin Victor (2003).
101:Rush University Medical Center
89:Chicago Manual Training School
65:Rollin Turner "Woody" Woodyatt
1:
1392:Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
1070:"The clinical use of insulin"
1050:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)85347-9
916:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.
679:Clowes, Alexander W. (2016).
529:10.1016/S0025-7125(16)37220-0
475:Archives of Internal Medicine
461:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)87192-7
423:Archives of Internal Medicine
388:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)88452-6
304:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)88591-X
266:Archives of Internal Medicine
203:American Diabetes Association
1877:University of Chicago alumni
1867:Rush Medical College faculty
611:"Dr. Rollin Turner Woodyatt"
208:He was a lifelong bachelor.
1862:Rush Medical College alumni
953:The Ohio Journal of Science
758:Colwell, Arthur R. (1954).
538:"On the Theory of Diabetes"
1893:
315:; Woodyatt, R. T. (1914).
1806:
1202:
884:. 1917. pp. 326–345.
172:'s laboratory in Boston.
1780:Slimming for the Million
760:"Rollin Turner Woodyatt"
536:Woodyatt, R. T. (1940).
469:Woodyatt, R. T. (1921).
442:Woodyatt, R. T. (1920).
285:Woodyatt, R. T. (1913).
1872:Physicians from Chicago
1852:American diabetologists
1689:The Cruise Control Diet
1517:William Heneage Ogilvie
1362:Frederick Madison Allen
1136:10.3389/fnut.2018.00075
1074:British Medical Journal
218:Philip Anderson Shaffer
114:and also studied under
91:in 1897 and studied at
1577:Rollin Turner Woodyatt
1522:Frederick William Pavy
1387:Apollinaire Bouchardat
1196:Low-carbohydrate diets
1123:Frontiers in Nutrition
1086:10.1136/bmj.1.3298.457
893:by Dr. R. T. Woodyatt"
860:woodyatt.bravehost.com
805:Graham, Evarts Ambrose
333:10.3181/00379727-11-98
179:
155:
120:William Draper Harkins
25:Rollin Turner Woodyatt
1547:Vilhjalmur Stefansson
1527:Mynie Gustav Peterman
913:The Loeb-Leopold Case
229:Selected publications
108:University of Chicago
1730:Calories Don't Count
1654:Modified Atkins diet
1572:Russell Morse Wilder
1507:Louis Harry Newburgh
1482:John Fletcher Little
1377:James Lomax Bardsley
1226:Richard K. Bernstein
776:10.2337/diab.3.2.164
609:Root, H. F. (1955).
157:During the trial of
146:islets of Langerhans
124:Friedrich von Müller
97:Rush Medical College
1735:Drinking Man's Diet
1694:Wahls Protocol Diet
216:In 1921 a paper by
1582:Cecil Webb-Johnson
1567:Walter L. Voegtlin
1542:James H. Salisbury
1512:Felix von Niemeyer
1487:Richard Mackarness
1457:Kenneth C. Hutchin
1447:Francis W. E. Hare
1432:Carlton Fredericks
1412:Blake F. Donaldson
878:by R. T. Woodyatt"
313:Sansum, William D.
93:Cornell University
16:American physician
1824:
1823:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1740:Eat and Grow Thin
1600:
1599:
1462:Elliott P. Joslin
1382:Franklin Bicknell
1316:Mauro Di Pasquale
1080:(3296): 457–460.
972:Diabetic Medicine
689:978-0-253-02042-0
247:(25): 2109–2112.
222:Arthur P. Thomson
185:, in 1936 to the
170:Elliott P. Joslin
134:Frederick Banting
62:
61:
1884:
1814:
1813:
1790:Strong Medicine
1750:Hal Huggins diet
1699:Wheat Belly diet
1674:South Beach Diet
1649:Lectin-free diet
1619:Bulletproof diet
1609:
1587:Isaac Burney Yeo
1492:Michel Montignac
1321:David Perlmutter
1256:Andreas Eenfeldt
1211:
1204:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1159:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1114:
1108:
1107:
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1054:
1052:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1010:
1004:
1003:
967:
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960:
950:
941:
935:
927:
907:
901:
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870:
864:
863:
852:
839:
838:
828:
801:
788:
787:
755:
734:
733:
727:
719:
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641:
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630:
606:
588:
567:
557:
532:
511:
490:
465:
463:
438:
413:
392:
390:
365:
344:
308:
306:
281:
256:
212:Woodyatt formula
195:William A. Pusey
159:Leopold and Loeb
116:Julius Stieglitz
69:low-carbohydrate
46:17 December 1953
21:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1794:
1745:Grapefruit diet
1708:
1684:The 4-Hour Body
1596:
1557:Herman Tarnower
1502:Bernhard Naunyn
1477:Victor Lindlahr
1437:John M. Freeman
1422:Wilhelm Ebstein
1407:Eustace Chesser
1402:Arnaldo Cantani
1372:William Banting
1350:
1266:David Gillespie
1241:Maryanne Demasi
1198:
1193:
1163:
1162:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1030:
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1025:
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1007:
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968:
964:
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942:
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924:
909:
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871:
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644:
608:
607:
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595:
570:
535:
514:
493:
468:
441:
416:
395:
368:
356:(13): 996–999.
347:
311:
284:
259:
234:
231:
214:
163:Clarence Darrow
77:
50:
47:
38:
35:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1890:
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1879:
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1807:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1775:Scarsdale diet
1772:
1770:Salisbury diet
1767:
1765:Montignac diet
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1679:Sugar Busters!
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1644:Ketogenic diet
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1624:Carnivore diet
1621:
1615:
1613:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1562:Vance Thompson
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1497:Michael Mosley
1494:
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1397:Lauder Brunton
1394:
1389:
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1369:
1364:
1358:
1356:
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1351:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1326:Fred Pescatore
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1306:Aseem Malhotra
1303:
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1278:
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1199:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1161:
1160:
1109:
1060:
1043:(3): 931–968.
1023:
1005:
962:
936:
922:
902:
886:reprinted in:
865:
840:
819:(3): 286–289.
789:
770:(2): 164–165.
735:
714:
692:
672:
642:
597:
596:
594:
591:
590:
589:
568:
533:
512:
491:
466:
454:(3): 315–318.
439:
414:
393:
381:(4): 455–464.
366:
345:
327:(6): 157–159.
309:
297:(5): 441–451.
282:
272:(5): 598–601.
257:
230:
227:
213:
210:
191:Ludvig Hektoen
128:Harvey Society
112:John Ulric Nef
82:Daniel Burnham
76:
73:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:Stillman diet
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
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1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1669:Rosedale diet
1667:
1665:
1664:Protein Power
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:Hamptons Diet
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
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1552:Herman Taller
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1467:Lelord Kordel
1465:
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1442:Vince Gironda
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1367:Robert Atkins
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1301:Robert Lustig
1299:
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1281:Ronald Krauss
1279:
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1271:Steven Gundry
1269:
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1251:Michael Eades
1249:
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1236:William Davis
1234:
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1027:
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985:
981:
978:(2): 99–110.
977:
973:
966:
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959:(5): 335–358.
958:
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947:
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934:
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923:9781584773382
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199:Banting Medal
196:
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74:
72:
70:
66:
57:
53:
45:
41:
33:
29:
22:
19:
1725:Banting diet
1612:Contemporary
1576:
1427:Mary G. Enig
1417:Dan Duchaine
1296:Max Lugavere
1291:David Ludwig
1286:Frank Lipman
1246:Pierre Dukan
1231:Jorge Cruise
1214:Contemporary
1126:
1122:
1112:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1057:1925 reprint
1040:
1036:
1026:
1017:
1008:
975:
971:
965:
956:
952:
939:
912:
905:
896:
890:
881:
875:
868:
859:
816:
812:
767:
763:
729:
717:
708:
680:
675:
666:
618:
614:
576:
572:
545:
541:
523:(1): 11–21.
520:
516:
502:(13): 1013.
499:
495:
478:
474:
451:
447:
426:
422:
404:(24): 2067.
401:
378:
374:
353:
349:
324:
320:
294:
290:
269:
265:
244:
240:
215:
207:
180:
175:
167:
156:
151:
144:from canine
138:Charles Best
132:
105:
86:
78:
64:
63:
18:
1842:1953 deaths
1837:1878 births
1760:Kordel diet
1720:Atkins diet
1659:Pioppi Diet
1592:John Yudkin
1532:Karl Petrén
1472:John Latham
1452:Hal Huggins
1346:Terry Wahls
1336:Gary Taubes
1331:Barry Sears
1221:Dave Asprey
548:: 160–172.
34:3 June 1878
1831:Categories
1713:Historical
1629:Dukan Diet
1537:John Rollo
1355:Historical
1341:Jeff Volek
1311:Tim Noakes
1276:Mark Hyman
1261:Jason Fung
621:: liv–lv.
593:References
579:(8): 602.
481:(2): 125.
55:Occupation
1704:Zone diet
1207:Advocates
1014:"History"
341:102248736
75:Biography
58:Physician
1816:Category
1155:30214902
1104:20771503
1000:45238747
835:13359651
807:(1956).
784:87791581
764:Diabetes
637:13256563
564:21407616
1755:Kimkins
1639:KE diet
1146:6125377
1095:2304003
992:9047086
899:. 1916.
826:3803526
628:2248917
555:2242203
429:: 116.
201:of the
142:insulin
49:Chicago
37:Chicago
1153:
1143:
1129:: 75.
1102:
1092:
998:
990:
933:p. 306
931:&
920:
833:
823:
782:
687:
635:
625:
562:
552:
339:
1605:Diets
996:S2CID
949:(PDF)
929:p. 39
780:S2CID
726:(PDF)
337:S2CID
1151:PMID
1100:PMID
988:PMID
918:ISBN
831:PMID
685:ISBN
633:PMID
560:PMID
136:and
118:and
43:Died
31:Born
1141:PMC
1131:doi
1090:PMC
1082:doi
1045:doi
980:doi
821:PMC
772:doi
623:PMC
581:doi
577:120
550:PMC
525:doi
504:doi
483:doi
456:doi
431:doi
406:doi
383:doi
358:doi
329:doi
299:doi
274:doi
249:doi
1833::
1149:.
1139:.
1125:.
1121:.
1098:.
1088:.
1076:.
1072:.
1041:58
1039:.
1035:.
1016:.
994:.
986:.
976:14
974:.
957:33
955:.
951:.
895:.
880:.
858:.
843:^
829:.
817:30
815:.
811:.
792:^
778:.
766:.
762:.
738:^
728:.
707:.
695:^
665:.
645:^
631:.
619:66
617:.
613:.
601:^
575:.
558:.
546:56
544:.
540:.
521:21
519:.
500:89
498:.
479:28
477:.
473:.
452:41
450:.
446:.
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425:.
421:.
400:.
379:16
377:.
373:.
354:62
352:.
335:.
325:11
323:.
319:.
295:14
293:.
289:.
268:.
264:.
245:55
243:.
239:.
205:.
193:,
165:.
1188:e
1181:t
1174:v
1157:.
1133::
1127:5
1106:.
1084::
1078:1
1053:.
1047::
1020:.
1002:.
982::
926:.
889:"
874:"
862:.
837:.
786:.
774::
768:3
669:.
639:.
587:.
583::
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531:.
527::
510:.
506::
489:.
485::
464:.
458::
437:.
433::
412:.
408::
391:.
385::
364:.
360::
343:.
331::
307:.
301::
280:.
276::
270:7
255:.
251::
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