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Rollin Turner Woodyatt

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diabetes which Woodyatt himself introduced in the 1930s. He never wrote a paper on the subject but contemporaries understood it to refer to excessive fluctuations of blood sugar which could not be explained by patient or physician errors; the cardinal feature was unpredictability and unexpected hypoglycaemic reactions. Also in the 1930s, practitioners of the newly formed psychosomatic movement took an interest in the effect of emotional factors on the course of diabetes and, in particular, patients who were ‘difficult’ or ‘refractory’. What marked ‘difficult’ patients was that they did not follow their doctor’s instructions or had recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis. By the 1950s the question was whether there were two distinct groups of patients; one whose lability could be cured by adjusting insulin, diet, and exercise, and another whose lability had an emotional origin. Did proponents of the organic school have patients (unreported) in whom lability had an obvious emotional cause or, conversely, were the psychosocial problems which the psychiatrists unearthed a consequence rather than a cause of the instability?
220:(1881–1960) and a paper R. T. Woodyatt "presented a detailed theory of antiketogenesis, the underlying principle being that the ketones are formed in the course of the normal metabolism and are completely oxidized, provided that they come into contact with a sufficient quantity of glucose which is itself in the process of oxidation. In the absence of this "oxidizing" glucose they accumulate in the tissues. Both Shaffer and Woodyatt ... published formulas by which to estimate ketogenic balance." 1812: 126:. Upon his return to the United States, Woodyatt worked at Presbyterian Hospital under Frank Billings (1854–1932) and James B. Herrick but became increasingly devoted to laboratory work on "the chemistry and physiology of carbohydrate metabolism and experimental forms of diabetes." Woodyatt was a perfectionist and disliked teaching undergraduates. In 1916 he gave one of the Harvey Lectures of the 152:
Before insulin became available commercially, Woodyatt was one of the early specialists asked to develop insulin after its discovery by Canadians Charles H. Best and Frederick G. Banting. He worked to perfect insulin for patient use and began to produce it in his laboratory, becoming one of the first
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In 1934 the Chicago physician R.T. Woodyatt suggested that ‘The history of diabetes has been marked by recurrence of certain ideas which decline and disappear; only to go through a similar cycle again in an altered form in a new generation’. This has been particularly true of the concept of brittle
103:. At Chicago's Presbyterian Hospital, after completing his internship, he joined the hospital staff as an assistant in medicine and later became an attending physician. At Rush Medical College, he also served as a clinical professor and eventually became the chair of the department of medicine. 224:
published in 1924 his findings concerning the Woodyatt formula as it pertained to diabetic patients undergoing dietary treatments in the pre-insulin era. Using the ideas of Shaffer and Woodyatt, Clarence Dean Withrow (1927–2006) published in 1980 a new formula for the ketogenic ratio (which is
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Woodyatt's father, William Henry Woodyatt (1846–1880), was a Canadian-born, American-educated physician who practiced medicine in Chicago and became a professor of ophthalmology and otology. R. T. Woodyatt was helped by his uncle, the architect
1186: 662: 67:(3 June 1878 – 17 December 1953) was an American physician, known for his contribution to the field of diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Woodyatt advocated a 122:. Woodyatt studied at European laboratories from 1906 to 1908, where he studied for a year in Vienna and then in Munich, where he was profoundly influenced by 84:, whose sister Clara (1850–1939) was widowed by W. H. Woodyatt's early death from diphtheria. R. T. Woodyatt's brother Ernest (1874–1922) became an architect. 182: 168:
During the early 1930s, leading laboratories in diabetology were Woodyatt's laboratory in Chicago, Russell M. Wilder's laboratory at the Mayo Clinic, and
317:"Extra sugar during ether and nitrous oxide narcosis in fully phlorhizinized dogs: Sources of error in existing methods for the study of gluconeogenesis" 1846: 1856: 1876: 1866: 688: 1861: 1179: 1280: 983: 186: 921: 1871: 1851: 137: 1815: 1172: 161:
in 1924, Woodyatt, as an expert on endocrinology, testified as a witness for the state of Illinois against the defense led by
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in 1902 and from 1902 to 1904 was a medical intern at Chicago's Presbyterian Hospital, which became part of
1789: 1734: 1521: 1386: 237:"The Action of Glycol Aldehyd and Glycerin Aldehyd in Diabetes Mellitus and the Nature of Antiketogenesis" 119: 1546: 1526: 1195: 804: 107: 68: 1841: 1836: 1653: 1571: 1506: 1481: 1376: 1225: 96: 1693: 1275: 1581: 1566: 1541: 1511: 1486: 1456: 1446: 1431: 1411: 1056: 995: 970:
Tattersall, R. B. (1997). "Brittle Diabetes Revisited: The Third Arnold Bloom Memorial Lecture".
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Woodyatt, Rollin T. (1927). "Psychic and Emotional Factors in General Diagnosis and Treatment".
1119:"Ketogenic ratio determines metabolic effects of macronutrients and prevents interpretive bias" 1739: 1461: 1381: 1315: 1150: 1099: 987: 932: 917: 888: 873: 830: 704: 684: 632: 559: 316: 189:, and in 1941 to the Institute of Medicine of Chicago (established in 1915 by Frank Billings, 169: 145: 133: 928: 882:
The Harvey Lectures, delivered under the auspices of the Harvey Society of New York 1915–1916
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Raulston, B. O.; Woodyatt, R. T. (March 28, 1914). "Blood Transfusion in Diabetes Mellitus".
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defined as the ratio of the sum of ketogenic factors to the sum of antiketogenic factors).
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Woodyatt, R. T.; Spetz, Marseille (1942). "Anticipation in the Inheritance of Diabetes".
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Woodyatt was elected to the presidencies of three learned societies: in 1916 to the
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Studies from the Otho S.A. Sprague Memorial Institute: Collected Reprints, Volume 4
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Quarterly Bulletin. Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.). Medical School
262:"The Use of Blood Charcoal as a Clearing Agent for Urine Containing Glucose" 1154: 1103: 1085: 1055:(quote from p. 932, which also has the explicit Woodyatt formula in grams) 834: 636: 563: 332: 991: 287:"Studies on the Theory of Diabetes I: Sarcolactic Acid in Diabetic Muscle" 1164: 984:
10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199702)14:2<99::AID-DIA320>3.0.CO;2-I
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History of Medicine and Surgery, and Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago
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Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association
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Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association
470: 418: 397: 261: 236: 197:, and 26 other prominent physicians). Woodyatt was awarded the 1948 681:
The Doc and the Duchess: The Life and Legacy of George H. A. Clowes
444:"An Improved Volumetric Pump for Continuous Intravenous Injections" 130:
of New York. During WW I, he served as a major in the U.S. Army.
398:"Prolonged and Accurately Timed Intravenous Injections of Sugar" 321:
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
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Woodyatt, Rollin T. (1937). "The Prevention of Diabetic Coma".
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changed the direction of Woodyatt's research in diabetology.
856:"Descendants of Thomas Woodyatt , Taylor — Third Generation" 417:
Balcar, J. O.; Sansum, William D.; Woodyatt, R. T. (1919).
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Woodyatt, R. T.; Sansum, William D.; Wilder, R. M. (1915).
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The Presbyterian Hospital of the City of Chicago Bulletin
732:. Vol. 31, no. 7. July–August 1939. p. 4. 723:"In Memoriam. Mrs. Clara Burnham Woodyatt (1850–1939)" 573:
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
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JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
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Greer, J.R.; Witzemann, E.J.; Woodyatt, R.T. (1914).
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providers of insulin for Chicago diabetes patients.
54: 42: 30: 23: 95:from 1897 to 1898. He graduated with an M.D. from 110:, where he studied carbohydrate metabolism under 850: 848: 846: 844: 1031:Richardson, Henry B.; Ladd, William S. (1924). 891:Studies on Intermediate Carbohydrate Metabolism 876:Studies on intermediate carbohydrate metabolism 174: 150: 1180: 260:Woodyatt, R. T.; Helmholz, H. F. (May 1911). 8: 402:Journal of the American Medical Association 350:Journal of the American Medical Association 241:Journal of the American Medical Association 183:American Society for Clinical Investigation 1608: 1210: 1203: 1187: 1173: 1165: 1117:Zilberter, Tanya; Zilberter, Yuri (2018). 106:He graduated with a B.S. in 1906 from the 20: 1144: 1134: 1093: 1048: 946:"Some aspects of carbohydrate metabolism" 824: 753: 751: 749: 747: 745: 743: 741: 739: 698: 696: 656: 654: 652: 650: 648: 646: 626: 553: 459: 419:"Fever and the Water Reserve of the Body" 386: 302: 799: 797: 795: 793: 140:'s successful isolation in July 1921 of 683:. Indiana University Press. pp. 92-94. 598: 667:Rush University Medical Center Library 661:Wheaton, Nathalie (November 3, 2020). 604: 602: 809:"A tribute to Rollin Turner Woodyatt" 235:Woodyatt, R. T. (December 17, 1910). 7: 487:10.1001/archinte.1921.00100140002001 435:10.1001/archinte.1919.00090240119009 278:10.1001/archinte.1911.00060050020002 371:"Studies on the Theory of Diabetes" 944:Murlin, John R. (September 1933). 187:Association of American Physicians 14: 1068:Thomson, A. P. (March 15, 1924). 705:"William H. Woodyatt (1846–1880)" 71:high-fat diet to treat diabetes. 1847:20th-century American physicians 1811: 1810: 1018:Institute of Medicine of Chicago 703:Chicago Medical Society (1922). 585:10.1001/jama.1942.02830430024007 517:Medical Clinics of North America 508:10.1001/jama.1927.02690130001001 410:10.1001/jama.1915.02580240023006 362:10.1001/jama.1914.02560380020007 253:10.1001/jama.1910.04330250005003 87:Woodyatt graduated in 1897 from 1857:Low-carbohydrate diet advocates 1037:Journal of Biological Chemistry 448:Journal of Biological Chemistry 375:Journal of Biological Chemistry 291:Journal of Biological Chemistry 910:Sellers, Alvin Victor (2003). 101:Rush University Medical Center 89:Chicago Manual Training School 65:Rollin Turner "Woody" Woodyatt 1: 1392:Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin 1070:"The clinical use of insulin" 1050:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)85347-9 916:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. 679:Clowes, Alexander W. (2016). 529:10.1016/S0025-7125(16)37220-0 475:Archives of Internal Medicine 461:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)87192-7 423:Archives of Internal Medicine 388:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)88452-6 304:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)88591-X 266:Archives of Internal Medicine 203:American Diabetes Association 1877:University of Chicago alumni 1867:Rush Medical College faculty 611:"Dr. Rollin Turner Woodyatt" 208:He was a lifelong bachelor. 1862:Rush Medical College alumni 953:The Ohio Journal of Science 758:Colwell, Arthur R. (1954). 538:"On the Theory of Diabetes" 1893: 315:; Woodyatt, R. T. (1914). 1806: 1202: 884:. 1917. pp. 326–345. 172:'s laboratory in Boston. 1780:Slimming for the Million 760:"Rollin Turner Woodyatt" 536:Woodyatt, R. T. (1940). 469:Woodyatt, R. T. (1921). 442:Woodyatt, R. T. (1920). 285:Woodyatt, R. T. (1913). 1872:Physicians from Chicago 1852:American diabetologists 1689:The Cruise Control Diet 1517:William Heneage Ogilvie 1362:Frederick Madison Allen 1136:10.3389/fnut.2018.00075 1074:British Medical Journal 218:Philip Anderson Shaffer 114:and also studied under 91:in 1897 and studied at 1577:Rollin Turner Woodyatt 1522:Frederick William Pavy 1387:Apollinaire Bouchardat 1196:Low-carbohydrate diets 1123:Frontiers in Nutrition 1086:10.1136/bmj.1.3298.457 893:by Dr. R. T. Woodyatt" 860:woodyatt.bravehost.com 805:Graham, Evarts Ambrose 333:10.3181/00379727-11-98 179: 155: 120:William Draper Harkins 25:Rollin Turner Woodyatt 1547:Vilhjalmur Stefansson 1527:Mynie Gustav Peterman 913:The Loeb-Leopold Case 229:Selected publications 108:University of Chicago 1730:Calories Don't Count 1654:Modified Atkins diet 1572:Russell Morse Wilder 1507:Louis Harry Newburgh 1482:John Fletcher Little 1377:James Lomax Bardsley 1226:Richard K. Bernstein 776:10.2337/diab.3.2.164 609:Root, H. F. (1955). 157:During the trial of 146:islets of Langerhans 124:Friedrich von Müller 97:Rush Medical College 1735:Drinking Man's Diet 1694:Wahls Protocol Diet 216:In 1921 a paper by 1582:Cecil Webb-Johnson 1567:Walter L. Voegtlin 1542:James H. Salisbury 1512:Felix von Niemeyer 1487:Richard Mackarness 1457:Kenneth C. Hutchin 1447:Francis W. E. Hare 1432:Carlton Fredericks 1412:Blake F. Donaldson 878:by R. T. Woodyatt" 313:Sansum, William D. 93:Cornell University 16:American physician 1824: 1823: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1740:Eat and Grow Thin 1600: 1599: 1462:Elliott P. Joslin 1382:Franklin Bicknell 1316:Mauro Di Pasquale 1080:(3296): 457–460. 972:Diabetic Medicine 689:978-0-253-02042-0 247:(25): 2109–2112. 222:Arthur P. Thomson 185:, in 1936 to the 170:Elliott P. Joslin 134:Frederick Banting 62: 61: 1884: 1814: 1813: 1790:Strong Medicine​ 1750:Hal Huggins diet 1699:Wheat Belly diet 1674:South Beach Diet 1649:Lectin-free diet 1619:Bulletproof diet 1609: 1587:Isaac Burney Yeo 1492:Michel Montignac 1321:David Perlmutter 1256:Andreas Eenfeldt 1211: 1204: 1189: 1182: 1175: 1166: 1159: 1158: 1148: 1138: 1114: 1108: 1107: 1097: 1065: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1028: 1022: 1021: 1010: 1004: 1003: 967: 961: 960: 950: 941: 935: 927: 907: 901: 900: 885: 870: 864: 863: 852: 839: 838: 828: 801: 788: 787: 755: 734: 733: 727: 719: 713: 712: 700: 691: 677: 671: 670: 658: 641: 640: 630: 606: 588: 567: 557: 532: 511: 490: 465: 463: 438: 413: 392: 390: 365: 344: 308: 306: 281: 256: 212:Woodyatt formula 195:William A. Pusey 159:Leopold and Loeb 116:Julius Stieglitz 69:low-carbohydrate 46:17 December 1953 21: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1883: 1882: 1881: 1827: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1794: 1745:Grapefruit diet 1708: 1684:The 4-Hour Body 1596: 1557:Herman Tarnower 1502:Bernhard Naunyn 1477:Victor Lindlahr 1437:John M. Freeman 1422:Wilhelm Ebstein 1407:Eustace Chesser 1402:Arnaldo Cantani 1372:William Banting 1350: 1266:David Gillespie 1241:Maryanne Demasi 1198: 1193: 1163: 1162: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1030: 1029: 1025: 1012: 1011: 1007: 969: 968: 964: 948: 943: 942: 938: 924: 909: 908: 904: 887: 872: 871: 867: 854: 853: 842: 803: 802: 791: 757: 756: 737: 725: 721: 720: 716: 702: 701: 694: 678: 674: 660: 659: 644: 608: 607: 600: 595: 570: 535: 514: 493: 468: 441: 416: 395: 368: 356:(13): 996–999. 347: 311: 284: 259: 234: 231: 214: 163:Clarence Darrow 77: 50: 47: 38: 35: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1890: 1888: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1829: 1828: 1822: 1821: 1819: 1818: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1775:Scarsdale diet 1772: 1770:Salisbury diet 1767: 1765:Montignac diet 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1679:Sugar Busters! 1676: 1671: 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1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1552:Herman Taller 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1467:Lelord Kordel 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1442:Vince Gironda 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1367:Robert Atkins 1365: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1301:Robert Lustig 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1281:Ronald Krauss 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1271:Steven Gundry 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1251:Michael Eades 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 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Enig 1417:Dan Duchaine 1296:Max Lugavere 1291:David Ludwig 1286:Frank Lipman 1246:Pierre Dukan 1231:Jorge Cruise 1214:Contemporary 1126: 1122: 1112: 1077: 1073: 1063: 1057:1925 reprint 1040: 1036: 1026: 1017: 1008: 975: 971: 965: 956: 952: 939: 912: 905: 896: 890: 881: 875: 868: 859: 816: 812: 767: 763: 729: 717: 708: 680: 675: 666: 618: 614: 576: 572: 545: 541: 523:(1): 11–21. 520: 516: 502:(13): 1013. 499: 495: 478: 474: 451: 447: 426: 422: 404:(24): 2067. 401: 378: 374: 353: 349: 324: 320: 294: 290: 269: 265: 244: 240: 215: 207: 180: 175: 167: 156: 151: 144:from canine 138:Charles Best 132: 105: 86: 78: 64: 63: 18: 1842:1953 deaths 1837:1878 births 1760:Kordel diet 1720:Atkins diet 1659:Pioppi Diet 1592:John Yudkin 1532:Karl Petrén 1472:John Latham 1452:Hal Huggins 1346:Terry Wahls 1336:Gary Taubes 1331:Barry Sears 1221:Dave Asprey 548:: 160–172. 34:3 June 1878 1831:Categories 1713:Historical 1629:Dukan Diet 1537:John Rollo 1355:Historical 1341:Jeff Volek 1311:Tim Noakes 1276:Mark Hyman 1261:Jason Fung 621:: liv–lv. 593:References 579:(8): 602. 481:(2): 125. 55:Occupation 1704:Zone diet 1207:Advocates 1014:"History" 341:102248736 75:Biography 58:Physician 1816:Category 1155:30214902 1104:20771503 1000:45238747 835:13359651 807:(1956). 784:87791581 764:Diabetes 637:13256563 564:21407616 1755:Kimkins 1639:KE diet 1146:6125377 1095:2304003 992:9047086 899:. 1916. 826:3803526 628:2248917 555:2242203 429:: 116. 201:of the 142:insulin 49:Chicago 37:Chicago 1153:  1143:  1129:: 75. 1102:  1092:  998:  990:  933:p. 306 931:& 920:  833:  823:  782:  687:  635:  625:  562:  552:  339:  1605:Diets 996:S2CID 949:(PDF) 929:p. 39 780:S2CID 726:(PDF) 337:S2CID 1151:PMID 1100:PMID 988:PMID 918:ISBN 831:PMID 685:ISBN 633:PMID 560:PMID 136:and 118:and 43:Died 31:Born 1141:PMC 1131:doi 1090:PMC 1082:doi 1045:doi 980:doi 821:PMC 772:doi 623:PMC 581:doi 577:120 550:PMC 525:doi 504:doi 483:doi 456:doi 431:doi 406:doi 383:doi 358:doi 329:doi 299:doi 274:doi 249:doi 1833:: 1149:. 1139:. 1125:. 1121:. 1098:. 1088:. 1076:. 1072:. 1041:58 1039:. 1035:. 1016:. 994:. 986:. 976:14 974:. 957:33 955:. 951:. 895:. 880:. 858:. 843:^ 829:. 817:30 815:. 811:. 792:^ 778:. 766:. 762:. 738:^ 728:. 707:. 695:^ 665:. 645:^ 631:. 619:66 617:. 613:. 601:^ 575:. 558:. 546:56 544:. 540:. 521:21 519:. 500:89 498:. 479:28 477:. 473:. 452:41 450:. 446:. 427:24 425:. 421:. 400:. 379:16 377:. 373:. 354:62 352:. 335:. 325:11 323:. 319:. 295:14 293:. 289:. 268:. 264:. 245:55 243:. 239:. 205:. 193:, 165:. 1188:e 1181:t 1174:v 1157:. 1133:: 1127:5 1106:. 1084:: 1078:1 1053:. 1047:: 1020:. 1002:. 982:: 926:. 889:" 874:" 862:. 837:. 786:. 774:: 768:3 669:. 639:. 587:. 583:: 566:. 531:. 527:: 510:. 506:: 489:. 485:: 464:. 458:: 437:. 433:: 412:. 408:: 391:. 385:: 364:. 360:: 343:. 331:: 307:. 301:: 280:. 276:: 270:7 255:. 251::

Index

low-carbohydrate
Daniel Burnham
Chicago Manual Training School
Cornell University
Rush Medical College
Rush University Medical Center
University of Chicago
John Ulric Nef
Julius Stieglitz
William Draper Harkins
Friedrich von Müller
Harvey Society
Frederick Banting
Charles Best
insulin
islets of Langerhans
Leopold and Loeb
Clarence Darrow
Elliott P. Joslin
American Society for Clinical Investigation
Association of American Physicians
Ludvig Hektoen
William A. Pusey
Banting Medal
American Diabetes Association
Philip Anderson Shaffer
Arthur P. Thomson
"The Action of Glycol Aldehyd and Glycerin Aldehyd in Diabetes Mellitus and the Nature of Antiketogenesis"
doi
10.1001/jama.1910.04330250005003

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