Catholic school - Knowledge (XXG)

1166:", meaning that they receive the majority of their running costs from the central government via the local authority and do not charge fees to students. In contrast to other types of a maintained school, only 90% of the capital costs of a voluntary aided school are met by the government. The foundation contributes the rest of the capital costs, owns the school's land and buildings, and appoints a majority of the school governors. The governing body runs the school, employs the staff, and decides the school's admission arrangements, subject to rules imposed by the central government. Pupils follow the National Curriculum, except that faith schools may teach Religious Education according to their faith. Within the maintained sector in England, approximately 22% of primary schools and 17% of secondary schools are voluntary aided, including all Catholic schools and the schools of non-Christian faiths. 1038:, however, allowed all schools to be free, compulsory, and secular, disallowing the public funding of Catholic schools. In the early 1970s, increasing rolls and funding constraints saw Catholic schools accumulating large amounts of debt or being run down. The government, concerned that the state system could not cope with an influx of students if the Catholic schools folded, enacted the Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975. The Act allowed Catholic schools and other private schools to 'integrate' with the state system, receiving public funding and keeping their Catholic character, in exchange for being subject to the conditions of being a state school, such as teaching the nationally set curriculum. The first Catholic schools were integrated in August 1979, and by 1984, all Catholic schools in New Zealand had integrated. 440:(CCMS) is the advocate for the Catholic Maintained Schools sector in Northern Ireland. CCMS represents trustees, schools, and governors on issues such as raising and maintaining standards, the school's estate, and teacher employment. As the largest employer of teachers in Northern Ireland (8500 teachers), CCMS plays a central role in supporting teachers through its welfare service or in working parties such as the Independent Inquiry into Teacher Pay and Conditions of Service. According to the latest figures from the Department of Education, N.I. Statistics Branch 2006/2007, the number of pupils registered at school in Northern Ireland is 329,583. The number of pupils attending Catholic managed schools is 148,225. 1048:' for funding purposes, meaning that teachers' salaries, learning materials, and operations of the school (e.g., power and gas) are publicly funded but the school property is not. New Zealand Catholic schools are built on land owned by the diocese; if the government were to fund Catholic school property maintenance and capital works above the entitlement of any other private property owner, it would be transferring wealth to the bishop, breaking the separation of church and state. Instead, parents of students at Catholic schools pay "attendance dues" to the proprietors to fund property costs: these are typically 383: 1071: 799: 3476: 70: 693: 1235:

of some poor may contradict the Catholic schools' core principles. There is an apparent contradiction when wealthier Catholic schools receive better resources and are more privileged than those in areas of low-income. This is also being experienced in Latin America and other national settings where financial constraints in serving the poor create obstacles, and there is a lack of support from state aid or other subsidies.

5998: 3351: 623: 550: 5987: 3915: 1276: 664:. Due to the close link between religion and language during this period in Canada, the Schools Question represented a deeper issue of French survival as a language and culture in Western Canada. The secular system was upheld, with the guarantee of French instruction later revoked in 1916, leaving English as the only official language in use in the province until it was reinstated in 1985. 960: 3361: 1205:

probability of completing high school or commencing college by 13%. Similarly, an experiment conducted by Williams and Carpenter (1990) of Australia through comparing the previous examination by private and public schools concluded that students in private education outperform those from government schools on all educational, social and economic indicators.

3340: 719:

and 8 French-language Catholic school boards (in addition to 31 English-language secular school boards, 4 French-language secular school boards, and one English-language Protestant school board). Originally, most of the province's secular school boards were Protestant-based. However, it was gradually

496:

since 1989. The educational system of each language community is organized in a different manner. The Dutch-, the French- and the German-speaking part of Belgium can organize its own educational system. This is the immediate reason why Catholic schools are also managed in a different way in each part

168:

Like other Christian-affiliated institutions, Catholic schools are generally nondenominational, in that they accept anyone regardless of religion or denominational affiliation, sex, race or ethnicity, or nationality, provided the admission or enrollment requirements and legal documents are submitted,

1234:

The expensive cost and necessity to provide high salary levels contribute to the difficulty of maintaining Catholic schools. Many Catholic schools in the United States in inner America which have traditionally served the most are being forced to close at an increasing rate. This apparent abandonment

845:

school attendance and 12% of all school-age children in school (K-12) in the USA. The number of religious (priests, brothers, and sisters) was at its highest, allowing schools to offer qualified teachers at minimal costs, meaning that most children in the 1940s and 1950s attended their parish school

672:

also operated separate schools for several Christian denominations, including Catholics, prior to 1997. This school system emerged before Newfoundland entered into Confederation in 1949 and continued until 1997 when the province established a secular public system. The absence of Catholic-Protestant

523:

In 2016 the pedagogical project of the ‘dialogue schools’ was introduced. At the crossroads of education, Church and society, this type of Catholic school admits everyone, whatever his or her religious or ideological background may be. The Catholic dialogue school is first and foremost a pedagogical

1204:

Empirical evidence in the United States and Australia indicates that education performance and attendance are greater in Catholic schools in contrast to its public counterparts. Evans and Schwab (1998) in their experiment found that attendance at Catholic schools in the United States increases the

1132:

In some countries, Catholic schools are funded by the state. These are institutions that requires assistance from the government. This is the same in public schools where government who mandate schools pay for the needs of schools whether in whole or in part, by taxes of the population. Australian

973:

In Australia, Catholic schools have been operating for over 200 years. The arrival of the first European fleet brought the first Irish Catholics to Australia, predominantly by the transport of convicts. Catholics consisted of one-tenth of the convicts settling in Australia, mostly Irish, while the

484:

In the past there were conflicts between state schools and Catholic schools (de schoolstrijd), and disputes regarding whether the Catholic schools should be funded by the government. The 1958 School Pact was an agreement by the three large political parties (the Christian Democratic, Socialist and

1147:

Private schools, also known as independent schools, are not managed by local, state, or national governments. They instead may select their students and are funded in whole or in part by the tuition fees charged to students, rather than relying on the government as public schools do. Students may

519:

region. Catholic Education Flanders is the biggest educational player in Flanders. It oversees education for approximately 935 000 pupils and students through its 2,200 maintained schools. In addition, the organization includes 10 education centers for adults, 11 colleges and a university.

457:

guaranteed the rights of Scottish Catholics to educate their children in local Catholic schools and protected the rights of Catholic schools to preserve their religious character. During the 1920s, ownership of most Catholic schools transferred from the Dioceses or the resident order to the state

935:

A noticeable decline in enrollment has stemmed from economic downturn from world events such as COVD-19. Since the pandemic's origin in 2020, the Catholic School system faced a 6.4% decrease in enrollment as well as the closures or mergers of over 200 schools across the nation. Negative economic

215:

older than 55 were asked to retire with immediate effect, creating vacancies for lay teachers to take over. Any new brother wanting to join the teaching profession in Malaysia must be in the civil service and share the same status as lay teachers. Many Lasallian traditions such as inter-La Salle

996:

As with other non-government schools in Australia, Catholic schools receive funding from the Commonwealth Government. As this does not constitute the establishment of a church, nor the restriction of the free exercise of religion, nor does it create a religious test for public office, it is not

890:

students also finds that, regardless of demographic, students who attend Catholic schools exhibit less disruptive behavior and greater self-control than students in other private or public schools, suggesting the benefit that these kinds of environments can have for students of all backgrounds.

614:

of the Constitution. It gives provinces power over education but with restrictions designed to protect minority religious rights. These restrictions resulted from the significant debate between Protestants and Catholics in Canada over whether schools should be parochial or nondenominational. As

820:

system in the United States. In 2010, 2 million students attended 6,980 schools. Three hundred thirty-one of these are private (not affiliated with a particular parish or diocese). They were first established in the United States during the 19th century with the arrival of English immigrants.

642:. Retention of separate school boards with public funding was a significant issue, chiefly due to ethnic and religious tension between Canada's (primarily French-speaking) Catholic population and the (primarily English-speaking) Protestant majority. The issue was a subject of debate at the 143:

in the Elizabethan Religious settlements of 1558–63. Anti-Catholicism in this period encouraged Catholics to create modern Catholic education systems to preserve their traditions. The Relief Acts of 1782 and the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 later increased the possibility to practice

169:

and rules & regulations are obeyed for a fruitful school life. However, non-Catholics, whether Christian or not, may need to participate in or be exempted from required activities, particularly those of a religious nature. These are in keeping with the spirit of social inclusiveness.

1221:. For example, Catholic schooling of girls in Malta indicates: "...evidence of remarkable commitment to the full development of girls in a global society." Similarly, all-girl schools in Japan have also contributed powerfully to the "personal and educational patriarchal society". 650:

with a proposal to preserve the separate school systems in Quebec and Ontario. The agreement was written into the Constitution to the effect that the condition of education in each colony (or territory) when it entered Confederation would be constitutionally protected after that.

667:

In the province of Quebec, publicly funded Catholic and Protestant schools were maintained until 1997, when the system was replaced by a linguistic-based secular school system, after passing a constitutional amendment that exempted Quebec from certain conditions of Section 93.

524:

project inspired by the Catholic tradition where dialogue is central. Dialogue with each other, with the context, with tradition, with God, with other worldviews. By engaging in dialogue, the project aims to re-contextualize the Christian tradition in the contemporary context.

926:

In 2015, the Inner-city Scholarship Fund run by the Archdiocese of New York announced the largest-ever gift of private money to Catholic schooling. Christine and Stephen Schwarzmann gave $ 40 million to an endowment that will provide 2,900 children per year with scholarships.

197:; Catholic education at the college level and, to a lesser degree, at secondary school level is associated with a higher number of children, even when accounting for the confounding effect that higher religiosity leads to a higher probability of attending religious education. 1183:

in regards to Catholic social teaching centered on the poor: "First and foremost, the Church offers its educational services to the poor, or those who are deprived of family help and affection or those who are far from faith...." These changes have led to instances in

854:

of education and the rise of the Catholic middle-class." In the United States, Catholic schools are accredited by independent or state agencies, and teachers are generally certified. Schools are supported through tuition payments, donations, and fundraising charities.

165:. The leaders, teachers, and students must focus on four fundamental rules initiated by the Church and school. This includes the Catholic identity of the school, education in regards to life and faith, the celebration of life and faith, and action and social equality. 1133:

Catholic schools fall under this category, where the Australian government fund Catholic schools as well as state schools. Non-independent Catholic schools in Scotland is another example where the institutions are fully funded by the Scottish Government.

756:

is plenary, and is not subject to Charter attack. They also noted it was the product of a historical compromise crucial to Confederation and formed a comprehensive code for denominational school rights that cannot be enlarged through the operation of the

210:

Catholic schools in Malaysia have been important to the country's formal education. Catholic schools have undergone many changes since independence in the late 50s and early 60s. The education policy in Malaysia is very centralized. In 1988, all Catholic

289:

oversaw a denationalization program from 1985 to 1995, and the Government of Punjab began a similar program in 1996. In 2001, the Federal Government and the courts ordered the provincial governments to complete the denationalization process.

659:

was a political crisis in the 1880s and 1890s, revolving around publicly funded separate schools for Catholics and Protestants in Manitoba. The crisis eventually spread to the national level, becoming one of the critical issues in the

343:

Education gained in these schools is equal to education gained in public schools. The purpose of Catholic schools—besides education and upbringing—is to give alternative content of education and upbringing, new methods and forms.

448:

Like in England and Wales, Catholic schools in Scotland are either independent or state-run and overseen by the Scottish Catholic Education Service, established in 1972 as part of the Catholic Education Commission to assist the

985:(1042). Catholic schools are those run by the diocesan Catholic Department of Education; some independent schools are owned and run by Catholic religious orders. In addition, there is at least one school operating within the 776:

regarding Canada's fifth periodic report under the Covenant. The Committee observed that Canada had failed to "adopt steps in order to eliminate discrimination on the basis of religion in the funding of schools in Ontario."

148:

in England openly and to create charitable institutions by the Church. This led to the development of numerous native religious congregations which established schools, hospitals, orphanages, reformatories, and workhouses.

902:

Encouraging and supporting efforts in Catholic education by fostering the distribution and implementation of both universal Church documents on education as well as related documents developed by the bishops of the United

189:

In Catholic schools, teachers teach a Religious Education Program provided by the Bishop and Superintendent. The teacher Pastor, and Bishop therefore, contribute to the planning and teaching Religious Education Lessons.

654:

Despite the compromise, the debate over separate Catholic schools continued to be an issue in the new country. Manitoba's adoption of a single, secular school system in 1890 resulted in a national political crisis. The

139:, a major historical driver for the establishment of Catholic schools was Irish immigration. Historically, the establishment of Catholic schools in Europe encountered various struggles following the creation of the 3569: 4674: 4511: 637:

Section 93 was the result of constitutional negotiations in the 1860s. Pre-existing rights for tax-funded minority Catholic and Protestant schools had become a significant point for negotiations surrounding

1588: 1251:

are suspicious of what Catholic schools are teaching. The moral and social teachings by Catholic schools may be seen as "continuation of Colonial cultural dominance of the society," still being felt in

3586: 224:, compulsory or elective Bible lessons today are limited only to those of the Catholic faith. The missionaries who opened schools in Malaysia gave a solid education framework. Today, there are 68 1927: 363:

Church groups in Ireland privately own most primary and secondary schools. Evidence indicates that approximately 60% of secondary schools pupils attend schools owned by religious congregations.

4266: 5681: 2221: 862:

has made more significant achievements in poor areas than wealthier areas. For example, Holy Angels has become one of the strongest academic institutions in the country; it serves the

846:

free of charge. Since then, despite American Catholics' widely favorable views of these institutions, there has been a large decline in enrollment predominantly believed to be due to "

1436: 4296: 1348: 696: 574:. Most schools in Canada were operated under the auspices of one Christian body or another until the 19th century. Currently publicly supported Catholic schools operate in three 245: 5601: 2503: 978: 769: 410:(CES) oversees education for approximately 840,000 pupils each year through its 2,300 maintained schools. In addition, some 130 independent schools have a Catholic character. 4699: 493: 458:

sector. They are known as "denominational schools" and are open to pupils who meet the specified prerequisites regardless of financial situation. A select few, most notably

56:. In 2016, the church supported 43,800 secondary schools and 95,200 primary schools. The schools include religious education alongside secular subjects in their curriculum. 1552: 743:

The near-exclusive public funding for a single religious denomination in the province of Ontario has garnered controversy in the last few decades. The controversy led to a

415:"promote Catholic interests in education; safeguard Catholic interests in education; and, contribute to Christian perspectives within educational debate at national level." 1041:

As of July 2013, 65,700 students attended Catholic schools in New Zealand, making up 8.6 percent of the total student population. The majority are New Zealand Europeans.

5166: 3637: 922:

Bringing to Catholic education the perspectives and concerns of other cultures and people with special pastoral needs through collaboration with other committees/offices

80: 3952: 1962:

Cattaro, Gerald M.; Cooper, Bruce S. (2007), "Developments in Catholic schools in the USA: Politics, policy & prophecy", in Grace, Gerald; O'Keefe, Joseph (eds.),

989:, Catholic traditionalists in irregular canonical status with Rome (Their current canonical status is being resolved in Rome presently): St Thomas Aquinas College in 5487: 5879: 5666: 4669: 4006: 3632: 3397: 3732: 1592: 4549: 1481: 895: 740:). Publicly funded Catholic separate schools are also present in Alberta and Saskatchewan. However, they are not as prevalent as in the province of Ontario. 2322:

Grace, Gerald; O'Keefe, Joseph (2007), "Catholic schools facing the Challenges of the 21st century: An overview", in Grace, Gerald; O'Keefe, Joseph (eds.),

936:

fluctuation is noted as a major reason for these declining numbers, as families have struggled to balance finances with uncertainty in employment statuses.

5218: 4961: 4499: 825:, which has played a critical role in shaping and developing American culture. Enrollment and development of Americans in Catholic schools increased after 4903: 5874: 4806: 3596: 2161: 1075: 1938: 906:

Supporting educational efforts in the Church in the United States by developing policies, guidelines, and resources for use by bishops in their dioceses

244:

is active in education, managing leading schools in addition to its spiritual work. The Catholic Church runs 534 schools, 53 hostels, 8 colleges, and 7

5701: 4619: 3258: 781: 413:

The CES interact on behalf of all bishops with the government and other national bodies on legal, administrative, and religious education matters to:

4214: 3531: 3514: 2898: 2810: 2018: 5786: 4880: 437: 307: 515:

are organized by Catholic Education Flanders (Katholiek Onderwijs Vlaanderen), a membership organization of Catholic schools in Flanders and the

275: 2247: 2121: 4114: 4109: 3498: 372: 3794: 2225: 912:

Collaborating with the Committee on Evangelization and Catechesis regarding evangelization and catechesis in Catholic schools and universities

386:

A sign for a Catholic school in Oxford, with the coat-of-arms of the Archdiocese of Birmingham and the logo of the Oxfordshire County Council.

5818: 5766: 4398: 2846: 2347: 2298: 2206: 1987: 1648: 1396: 1333: 1101:. Over 80% in Hispanic countries and some 65%-70% in Brazil consider themselves Catholic. Catholic educational practices were brought to the 793: 467: 391: 1444: 5756: 5492: 4010: 3945: 3209: 1623:

Gutiérrez, Angelina L. V. (2007), "Catholic school in the Philippines: Beacons of hope in Asia", in Grace, Gerald; O'Keefe, Joseph (eds.),

479: 4281: 974:

rest were English and Scottish. By 1803, 2,086 convicts of Irish descent and majority being Catholics had been transported to Botany Bay.

271: 1052:

390 to $ 430 per year for primary school students (ages 5–12), and NZ$ 730 to $ 860 per year for secondary school students (ages 13–18).

5796: 5626: 4534: 3894: 3642: 3558: 3525: 2851: 1459: 1196:

where the contributions has led to "a new way of being in school" by including the disadvantaged and people in poor areas to education.

1044:

The Catholic schools are owned by a proprietor, typically by the diocese bishop. Currently, Catholic schools in New Zealand are termed '

575: 360:. Not all costs of operating, building, and maintenance are provided by the central government. Local communities raise funds, as well. 5839: 5455: 4952: 4561: 4286: 450: 5438: 5040: 4687: 4521: 3972: 3711: 3537: 3390: 2429: 1838: 1533: 110: 1717: 187:"the distinct but complementary aspect of the school's religious dimension of liturgical and prayer life of the school community." 5952: 5500: 5253: 5198: 5063: 4798: 4794: 4539: 4324: 4271: 3273: 1783: 802: 459: 1556: 5961: 5303: 5278: 5243: 5238: 5203: 5083: 4682: 4566: 4156: 4119: 4002: 3982: 3938: 3622: 3433: 2003: 968: 915:

Providing support and advocacy in federal public policy on behalf of Catholic educational institutions from pre-school through

712: 330:

in the world. The university was established by the Order of Preachers, also known as the Dominican Order, on April 28, 1611.

5899: 5611: 5298: 5268: 5248: 5188: 4978: 4694: 4232: 4224: 4136: 3997: 3977: 3686: 3627: 2856: 1034:

population and the new settlers. From 1853 to 1875, the provincial governments financed grants for the Catholic schools. The

758: 661: 615:

opposed to the provinces, the right to separate schools is protected in the three federal territories by the federal Acts of

554: 1688: 5273: 5263: 4589: 4460: 4358: 4055: 3268: 194: 2046: 5854: 5825: 5808: 5716: 5328: 5293: 5283: 4861: 4842: 4704: 4455: 4368: 3383: 2615: 2146: 1747: 3475: 4614: 4482: 4351: 3664: 3520: 3508: 2273:

Pell, George (2007), "Religion and culture: Catholic schools in Australia", in Grace, Gerald; O'Keefe, Joseph (eds.),

2071: 252: 241: 225: 5864: 279: 2095: 5781: 5579: 5233: 4885: 4851: 4810: 3675: 3364: 3149: 2544: 1061: 544: 407: 382: 2158: 1485: 1070: 6027: 5971: 5917: 5588: 5538: 5228: 5183: 4291: 3553: 3438: 2554: 2457: 1663: 1299: 1065: 669: 656: 647: 533: 323: 35: 1810:"Scottish Catholic Education Service | SCES | supporting and promoting Catholic education in Scotland" 322:

indicating that 83% of the population identify themselves as Catholics. The oldest existing university in Asia,

6001: 5937: 5859: 5830: 5450: 5445: 5323: 5223: 5208: 5193: 5035: 4856: 4746: 4664: 4488: 4465: 4416: 4089: 3443: 2876: 2792: 2564: 2181:

Wanden, Kevin; Birch, Lyn (2007), "Catholic schools in New Zealand", in Grace, Gerald; O'Keefe, Joseph (eds.),

1016: 949: 403: 31: 3748: 2032: 5922: 5554: 5515: 5482: 4928: 4908: 4776: 4654: 4604: 4383: 4184: 4124: 3784: 3754: 3324: 2944: 2911: 2690: 1304: 1045: 1006: 909:

Providing consultation on educational issues when requested, including advising and representing the bishops

773: 744: 737: 720:

transformed into a secular public system. Public funding of Catholic schools was initially provided only to

643: 627: 1570: 5991: 5932: 5927: 5561: 5367: 5288: 5213: 5093: 4771: 4659: 4599: 4276: 4164: 3738: 3606: 3154: 2732: 2685: 1928:"Sustaining Urban Catholic Elementary Schools: An Examination of Governance Models and Funding Strategies" 1180: 1157: 945: 821:

American Catholic schools wield great significance in the country as they were instrumental in professing

765: 752: 639: 631: 611: 259: 255:

is the arm of the Catholic Church in Pakistan, responsible for education. Each diocese has its own board.

6022: 5696: 5523: 4948: 4729: 4594: 4440: 4146: 4084: 4043: 4028: 3681: 3354: 2991: 2828: 2737: 2725: 2422: 591: 506: 418: 145: 4179: 1508: 558:

is a private Catholic school. Founded in 1639, it is one of the oldest active schools in North America

5100: 5069: 4966: 4847: 4761: 4641: 4544: 4261: 4256: 4129: 4060: 4038: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3831: 3617: 3164: 3159: 3018: 3003: 2971: 2956: 2939: 2818: 2805: 2700: 2559: 2549: 2251: 2125: 986: 747: 686: 616: 92: 1411: 1213:

Catholic schooling has indicated a large impact in the changing role of women for countries such as

181:

as a core subject is a vital element of the curriculum where individuals are to develop themselves:

5889: 5791: 5584: 5568: 5088: 4998: 4449: 4393: 4341: 4242: 4204: 3779: 3460: 3406: 3236: 3179: 2710: 2705: 2642: 2526: 798: 725: 327: 286: 178: 1113:

was established in the 19th century resulting in a temporary alienation between church and state.

610:. The constitutional protection enjoyed by separate schools in Canadian provinces is enshrined in 5909: 5726: 4584: 4576: 4319: 4020: 3987: 3919: 3658: 3249: 3219: 3184: 3118: 2934: 2866: 2757: 2630: 2605: 2574: 2382: 1281: 1102: 1035: 1020: 982: 871: 607: 454: 212: 48:

pre-primary, primary and secondary educational institutions administered in association with the

3899: 216:

games or sports are now integrated into other more extensive government-funded programmes. With

1389:

International Handbook of Catholic Education: Challenges for School Systems in the 21st Century

5869: 5105: 4430: 4310: 4077: 4033: 3816: 3564: 3548: 3189: 3169: 3023: 3013: 2976: 2871: 2680: 2652: 2534: 2485: 2448: 2343: 2324: