1532:
1546:
1207:, making the tone predictable for words starting with those consonants. In Roman Dzongkha, tone is only indicated when it is unpredictable, that is, when a word starts with a
765:
1778:
723:
1827:
1675:
1645:
1615:
1945:
1745:
285:
226:
186:
166:
147:
610:
579:
599:
206:
1951:
1438:
1013:
1002:
35:
1820:
982:
1785:
1086:
1075:
1064:
745:
539:
519:
1353:
only occurs in literary words and names borrowed from
Classical Tibetan. It's always dropped in native Dzongkha words.
2015:
1044:
1024:
847:
664:
624:
505:
483:
472:
384:
344:
324:
305:
265:
245:
1813:
1137:
962:
942:
644:
559:
1909:
2025:
2020:
1117:
1097:
734:
494:
703:
364:
107:
87:
1492:
665:
611:
506:
385:
306:
227:
148:
1937:
1564:
1753:
1684:
1654:
1624:
816:
127:
1283:
1219:
683:
1531:
1979:
1192:
796:
1962:
1859:
1848:
1757:
1323:
sometimes appears at the end of a syllable, even though it is not present in
Tibetan script.
1984:
1915:
1701:
1671:
1641:
1611:
1551:
1212:
2010:
1966:
1920:
1864:
1215:
1721:
1989:
1941:
1890:
1559:
1188:
827:
776:
2004:
1895:
1869:
1710:. Thimphu, Bhutan: Dzongkha Development Commission of the Royal Government of Bhutan.
1683:. Thimphu, Bhutan: Dzongkha Development Commission (DDC). p. 64. Archived from
1901:
1874:
1653:. Thimphu, Bhutan: Dzongkha Development Commission (DDC). p. 7. Archived from
1623:. Thimphu, Bhutan: Dzongkha Development Commission (DDC). p. 6. Archived from
1420:
1261:
170:
Alveolar-palatal, unaspirated. No direct equivalent in
English, but similar to the
23:
583:
Alveolo-palatal, unaspirated. No direct equivalent in
English, but similar to the
1705:
190:
Alveolar-palatal, aspirated. No direct equivalent in
English, but similar to the
1853:
1537:
1257:
1545:
1527:
1238:
210:
Alveolar-palatal, voiced. No direct equivalent in
English, but similar to the
1507:
The
Protector who reigns over the realm of spiritual and secular traditions,
1234:
1200:
897:
871:
59:
1974:
1588:
1584:
1429:
1265:
1227:
1204:
1184:
893:
882:
39:
27:
47:
43:
31:
1805:
1208:
914:
1378:
is sometimes dropped in Roman
Dzongkha. This is not predictable.
1809:
1515:
May the sun of peace and happiness shine over all people.
1511:
May His being remain unchanging, and the
Kingdom prosper,
1471:
1199:, certain consonants are always followed by either a
1505:
In the
Kingdom of Bhutan adorned with cypress trees,
1961:
1929:
1883:
1841:
1722:"Bhutan: The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan"
1513:May the teachings of the Enlightened One flourish,
1509:He is the King of Bhutan, the precious sovereign.
896:vowel by default, but can also be followed by a
1450:
1821:
1419:The lyrics to the national anthem of Bhutan (
1268:dialects are not indicated in Roman Dzongkha.
8:
1454:དཔལ་ལུགས་གཉིས་བསྟན་སྲིད་𝄆སྐྱོང་བའི་མགོན་𝄇༎
1828:
1814:
1806:
1458:སྐུ་འགྱུར་མེད་བརྟན་ཅིང་𝄆ཆབ་སྲིད་འཕེལ་𝄇༎
1425:
1276:
919:
64:
1677:Guide to Official Dzongkha Romanization
1647:Guide to Official Dzongkha Romanization
1617:Guide to Official Dzongkha Romanization
1603:
1576:
7:
1155:Note: vowels are always long before
675:, but followed by a murmured vowel.
464:, but followed by a murmured vowel.
395:, but followed by a murmured vowel.
316:, but followed by a murmured vowel.
237:, but followed by a murmured vowel.
158:, but followed by a murmured vowel.
1462:འབངས་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཉི་མ་𝄆ཤར་བར་ཤོག་𝄇༎
1479:Ku gyûme tencing 𝄆 chap si phe 𝄇
913:Roman Dzongkha uses the following
58:Roman Dzongkha uses the following
14:
1475:Pä lu’nyi tensi 𝄆 kyongwä gin 𝄇
1460:ཆོས་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས་༎
1456:འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་༎
1452:འབྲུག་ཙན་དན་བཀོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་༎
1544:
1530:
1241:immediately preceding the word:
16:Romanization scheme for Dzongkha
1952:Modern Standard Tibetan grammar
1483:Bang deki nyima 𝄆 shâwâsho. 𝄇
1196:
1175:do not occur in that position.
36:Dzongkha Development Commission
1472:
38:in 1991 and represents modern
1:
1443:Official English translation
1481:Chö sanggä tenpa dâzh°ing gä
1406:corresponds to the particle
1473:Dru tsend°en kepä gäkhap na
42:pronunciation as spoken in
30:, the national language of
2042:
901:
34:. It was developed by the
1451:
922:
881:are always followed by a
870:are always followed by a
67:
1910:Joyig, Monyig and Lhoyig
1779:"Constitution of Bhutan"
1477:Dru gäpo ’ngada rinpoche
1707:The Grammar of Dzongkha
523:Unaspirated. Like the
1565:Wylie transliteration
1264:tones of the central
1754:Government of Bhutan
1589:Dzongkha § Phonology
543:Aspirated. Like the
1791:on 5 September 2014
1413:in Tibetan script.
1319:In Roman Dzongkha,
1237:is indicated by an
1230:is always unmarked.
332:, like in English s
253:, like in English s
95:, like in English s
2016:Phonetic alphabets
1195:. As mentioned in
974:ther, but longer.
352:, like in English
273:, like in English
115:, like in English
1998:
1997:
1963:Tibetic languages
1946:THL Transcription
1860:Classical Tibetan
1849:Tibetic languages
1746:"National Anthem"
1702:Driem, George van
1672:van Driem, George
1642:van Driem, George
1612:van Driem, George
1521:
1520:
1417:
1416:
1399:look (imperative)
1153:
1152:
863:
862:
441:A combination of
423:A combination of
405:A combination of
2033:
1898:(Drutsa, Bêtsug)
1891:Tibetan alphabet
1836:Tibetan language
1830:
1823:
1816:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1790:
1784:. Archived from
1783:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1756:. Archived from
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1682:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1652:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1622:
1608:
1592:
1581:
1554:
1552:Languages portal
1549:
1548:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1498:
1485:
1484:
1464:
1463:
1426:
1409:
1385:
1360:
1330:
1301:
1277:
1109:t, but shorter.
920:
891:
880:
869:
667:
613:
508:
387:
308:
229:
150:
65:
22:is the official
2041:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2026:Ruby characters
2021:Phonetic guides
2001:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1967:Tibetan plateau
1957:
1936:Transcription:
1925:
1879:
1837:
1834:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1763:
1761:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1728:
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1719:
1715:
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1657:
1650:
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1639:
1635:
1627:
1620:
1610:
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1605:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1435:Roman Dzongkha
1407:
1402:Syllable-final
1383:
1374:Syllable-final
1358:
1349:Syllable-final
1328:
1299:
1275:
1181:
1036:, but shorter.
994:t, but longer.
928:Roman Dzongkha
911:
889:
878:
867:
174:in English chur
73:Roman Dzongkha
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2039:
2037:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1942:Tibetan pinyin
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1810:
1803:
1802:
1770:
1737:
1713:
1693:
1690:on 2015-09-23.
1663:
1660:on 2015-09-23.
1633:
1630:on 2015-09-23.
1602:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1560:Tibetan pinyin
1556:
1555:
1541:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1503:
1501:
1490:
1488:
1469:
1467:
1448:
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1444:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1415:
1414:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1344:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:Roman Dzongkha
1286:
1281:
1280:Tibetan Script
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1254:
1231:
1189:tonal language
1180:
1177:
1151:
1150:
1149:, but longer.
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
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1058:
1057:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:
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1011:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:
984:
980:
976:
975:
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956:
955:
944:
940:
936:
935:
932:
929:
925:
924:
910:
907:
906:
905:
888:Consonants in
886:
877:Consonants in
875:
866:Consonants in
861:
860:
849:
845:
841:
840:
829:
825:
821:
820:
818:
814:
810:
809:
798:
794:
790:
789:
778:
774:
770:
769:
767:
763:
759:
758:
747:
743:
739:
738:
736:
732:
728:
727:
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721:
717:
716:
705:
701:
697:
696:
685:
681:
677:
676:
669:
662:
658:
657:
646:
642:
638:
637:
626:
622:
618:
617:
615:
608:
604:
603:
601:
597:
593:
592:
581:
577:
573:
572:
567:in English loa
561:
557:
553:
552:
541:
537:
533:
532:
521:
517:
513:
512:
510:
503:
499:
498:
496:
492:
488:
487:
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481:
477:
476:
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466:
465:
458:
455:
451:
450:
439:
437:
433:
432:
421:
419:
415:
414:
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401:
397:
396:
389:
382:
378:
377:
366:
362:
358:
357:
346:
342:
338:
337:
326:
322:
318:
317:
310:
303:
299:
298:
287:
283:
279:
278:
267:
263:
259:
258:
247:
243:
239:
238:
231:
224:
220:
219:
208:
204:
200:
199:
194:in English pun
188:
184:
180:
179:
168:
164:
160:
159:
152:
145:
141:
140:
129:
125:
121:
120:
109:
105:
101:
100:
89:
85:
81:
80:
77:
74:
70:
69:
55:
52:
20:Roman Dzongkha
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2038:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1897:
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1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1873:
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1857:
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1852:
1850:
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1840:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1787:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1760:on 2012-02-09
1759:
1755:
1751:
1750:Bhutan Portal
1747:
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1570:
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1465:
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1437:
1434:
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1424:
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1398:
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1377:
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1362:
1357:
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1214:
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1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1178:
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1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1148:
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1140:
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1136:
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1128:
1124:
1120:
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1116:
1113:
1112:
1108:
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1100:
1098:
1096:
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1092:
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1082:
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1078:
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1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
989:
985:
983:
981:
978:
977:
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858:
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850:
848:
846:
843:
842:
838:
834:
830:
828:
826:
823:
822:
819:
817:
815:
812:
811:
807:
804:in English so
803:
799:
797:
795:
792:
791:
787:
783:
779:
777:
775:
772:
771:
768:
766:
764:
761:
760:
756:
752:
748:
746:
744:
741:
740:
737:
735:
733:
730:
729:
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724:
722:
719:
718:
714:
710:
706:
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702:
699:
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623:
620:
619:
616:
614:
609:
606:
605:
602:
600:
598:
595:
594:
590:
587:in English pu
586:
582:
580:
578:
575:
574:
570:
566:
562:
560:
558:
555:
554:
550:
547:in English ba
546:
542:
540:
538:
535:
534:
530:
527:in English pi
526:
522:
520:
518:
515:
514:
511:
509:
504:
501:
500:
497:
495:
493:
490:
489:
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1793:. Retrieved
1786:the original
1773:
1762:. Retrieved
1758:the original
1749:
1740:
1729:. Retrieved
1726:www.wipo.int
1725:
1716:
1706:
1696:
1685:the original
1676:
1666:
1655:the original
1646:
1636:
1625:the original
1616:
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1579:
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1491:
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1421:Druk Tsenden
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1126:
1125:in English b
1122:
1106:
1105:in English b
1102:
1053:
1052:in English b
1049:
1033:
1032:in English b
1029:
991:
990:in English l
987:
971:
970:in English f
967:
951:
950:in English f
947:
934:Description
912:
856:
852:
836:
832:
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754:
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712:
708:
692:
688:
672:
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392:
391:Unaspirated
373:
369:
353:
349:
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329:
328:Unaspirated
313:
312:Unaspirated
294:
290:
274:
270:
254:
250:
249:Unaspirated
234:
215:
211:
195:
191:
175:
171:
155:
154:Unaspirated
136:
132:
116:
112:
96:
92:
91:Unaspirated
79:Description
57:
24:romanization
19:
18:
1854:Old Tibetan
1538:Asia portal
1197:#Consonants
1145:in French t
900:vowel (see
855:in English
835:in English
784:in English
753:in English
711:in English
691:in English
652:in English
632:in English
372:in English
293:in English
214:in English
135:in English
68:Consonants
2005:Categories
1908:Regional (
1795:18 October
1764:2011-10-29
1731:2018-10-27
1599:References
1364:lto tshang
1239:apostrophe
348:Aspirated
269:Aspirated
111:Aspirated
54:Consonants
1980:Sikkimese
1950:Grammar (
1432:original
1389:blta shig
1335:char gzhi
1235:high tone
1191:with two
1183:Standard
1141:Like the
1121:Like the
1101:Like the
1048:Like the
1028:Like the
986:Like the
966:Like the
946:Like the
917:symbols:
898:high tone
892:follow a
872:high tone
851:Like the
831:Like the
800:Like the
780:Like the
749:Like the
707:Like the
687:Like the
648:Like the
628:Like the
563:Like the
368:Like the
289:Like the
131:Like the
62:symbols:
60:consonant
1975:Dzongkha
1965:outside
1916:Numerals
1842:Language
1704:(1992).
1674:(1991).
1644:(1991).
1614:(1991).
1585:Help:IPA
1524:See also
1430:Dzongkha
1384:བལྟ་ཤིག་
1329:འཆར་གཞི་
1273:Examples
1266:Dzongkha
1228:low tone
1205:low tone
1185:Dzongkha
894:low tone
883:low tone
40:Dzongkha
28:Dzongkha
1985:Ladakhi
1921:Braille
1884:Scripts
1865:U-tsang
1359:ལྟོ་ཚང་
1305:sa khra
1291:Meaning
1262:falling
923:Vowels
656:ipper.
48:Punakha
44:Thimphu
2011:Bhutan
1930:Others
1858:
1371:friend
1368:totsha
1294:Notes
1258:rising
1253:, etc.
1213:voiced
954:ther.
909:Vowels
902:#Tones
885:vowel.
879:purple
874:vowel.
715:ater.
636:nake.
178:yard.
32:Bhutan
1990:Balti
1938:Wylie
1902:Uchen
1870:Khams
1789:(PDF)
1782:(PDF)
1688:(PDF)
1681:(PDF)
1658:(PDF)
1651:(PDF)
1628:(PDF)
1621:(PDF)
1571:Notes
1300:ས་ཁྲ་
1284:Wylie
1220:glide
1218:or a
1216:nasal
1209:vowel
1193:tones
1187:is a
1179:Tones
1159:, so
915:vowel
868:green
839:ake.
788:ame.
757:ake.
695:ear.
671:Like
460:Like
376:oat.
356:art.
336:ace.
297:ate.
277:ake.
233:Like
218:eep.
139:oal.
119:iss.
99:ill.
1875:Amdo
1797:2014
1587:and
1583:See
1411:shig
1408:ཤིག
1313:thra
1260:and
1256:The
1233:The
1226:The
1201:high
1171:and
931:IPA
890:pink
859:at.
607:zh°
536:tsh
502:dr°
480:thr
454:bj°
418:pch
257:op.
76:IPA
46:and
1896:Umê
1439:IPA
1423:):
1343:zhi
1339:cha
1316:map
1203:or
1129:t.
813:ny
793:ng
762:lh
731:hr
661:z°
596:zh
576:sh
556:dz
531:a.
516:ts
491:dr
469:tr
436:bj
400:pc
381:b°
341:ph
302:d°
262:th
223:j°
198:y.
183:ch
144:g°
104:kh
26:of
2007::
1944:,
1940:,
1752:.
1748:.
1724:.
1404:sh
1395:sh
1393:ta
1376:ng
1309:sa
1251:'y
1249:,
1247:'n
1245:,
1243:'a
1222:.
1211:,
1167:,
1163:,
1157:ng
1134:ü
1127:oo
1123:oo
1114:û
1107:oo
1103:oo
1094:u
1083:ö
1072:ô
1061:o
1056:.
1054:ee
1050:ee
1041:î
1034:ee
1030:ee
1021:i
1010:ê
999:e
979:ä
959:â
939:a
904:).
844:h
824:m
808:.
806:ng
802:ng
773:n
742:l
720:r
700:w
680:y
641:z
621:s
591:.
589:sh
585:sh
571:.
569:ds
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551:.
549:ts
545:ts
529:zz
525:zz
462:pc
457:~
449:.
445:+
431:.
429:ch
427:+
413:.
409:+
361:b
321:p
282:d
242:t
203:j
196:ch
192:ch
176:ch
172:ch
163:c
124:g
84:k
50:.
1954:)
1912:)
1829:e
1822:t
1815:v
1799:.
1767:.
1734:.
1591:.
1351:r
1341:r
1333:'
1321:p
1311:p
1173:û
1169:î
1165:ê
1161:â
1147:u
1143:u
992:e
988:e
972:a
968:a
952:a
948:a
857:h
853:h
837:m
833:m
786:n
782:n
755:l
751:l
713:w
709:w
693:y
689:y
673:s
666:~
654:z
650:z
634:s
630:s
612:~
507:~
447:j
443:b
425:p
411:c
407:p
393:p
386:~
374:b
370:b
354:p
350:p
334:p
330:p
314:t
307:~
295:d
291:d
275:t
271:t
255:t
251:t
235:c
228:~
216:j
212:j
156:k
149:~
137:g
133:g
117:k
113:k
97:k
93:k
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