1482:, or arrogation, was a particular type of adoption specific to Roman culture. It was a means of ensuring that a particular family line did not become extinct, merely because a man had no children of his own. In order to qualify, the adoptor had to be both childless and incapable of having children, while the adoptee had to be an adult. This process was of particular interest to the patricians, who formed an increasingly small minority of the Roman populus as time passed; normally, the adoptee would receive the status of his adopted father, and thus a patrician adopted into a plebeian gens would normally lose his patrician status; this principle was used by
1005:
578:
217:, and may have had a substantial Etruscan population from the beginning; but certainly there was a considerable Etruscan element in the Roman population by the sixth century BC; the fifth and seventh kings of Rome were Etruscan, and many of Rome's cultural institutions were of Etruscan origin. It may be to this period, rather than the time of Romulus, that the institution of the
489:
1604:), in a counter-clockwise order: Romilia, Voltinia, Voturia, Aemilia, Horatia, Maecia, Scaptia, Pomptina, Falerina, Lemonia, Papiria, Ufentina, Terentina, Pupinia, Menenia, Publilia, Cornelia, Claudia, Camilia, Aniensis, Fabia, Pollia, Sergia, Clustumina, Quirina, Velina, Stellatina, Tromentina, Galeria, Sabatina, Arniensis. This list omits the
1487:
adopted into a patrician gens, and this would also have been of concern to the patricians. There may have been exceptions to the usual rule; a family of the Junii Silani descended from the patrician Manlia gens seems to have retained their patrician status, although adopted into the plebeian Junii; Gaius Junius
Silanus was
1237:
continued to exist until the third century AD, its only remaining functions were symbolic; it took auspices and gave prayer; it conferred the emperor's legislative powers and other authority; and it proclaimed the laws presented to it for approval. But by this time voting was done not by ballot, but
969:
in 312 BC. Those who wished to limit the voting power of the lower social orders, and particularly of freedmen, advocated enrolling them only in the four urban tribes. This effort was largely unsuccessful, except with respect to freedmen, who were nearly always enrolled in one of the urban tribes.
977:
After 241 BC, no further tribes were created. Legislation, passed concurrently by the senate and the people, decreed that citizens created by further territorial annexation would be registered in one of the rural tribes. Before this reform, the tribes had been relatively contiguous units; after
1486:
to pass over to the plebeians, and become eligible to hold office as tribune of the plebs, although in his case the adoption was technically illegal, as his adoptive father was a young man, presumably capable of having children. On the other hand, a plebeian might obtain patrician status by being
224:
Although the theory that the
Romulean tribes represented the city's original ethnic components continues to be represented in modern scholarship, it has never been universally accepted, and this view is rejected by many scholars. This is because "the idea that the three tribes were distinct ethnic
189:
attacked Rome, and successfully entered the city. After fierce fighting, the Sabine women themselves interceded, stepping between their husbands and their fathers to prevent further bloodshed. Peace was concluded, with
Romulus and Tatius ruling jointly, and a large Sabine population relocating to
1150:
would be taken, and the meeting could only proceed if they were favourable. The tribes convened at daybreak, and were obliged to adjourn at sunset. If summoned by one of the tribunes, the tribes had to gather within the city, or within a one-mile radius of the city; this was the boundary of a
1113:
could pass resolutions proposed by the tribunes of the plebs, or by the higher magistrates, on both domestic and foreign matters, such as the making of treaties or concluding of peace. Proposals had to be published before receiving a vote, and were passed or rejected as a whole, without
970:
A similar attempt to limit the power of newly enfranchised citizens followed the end of the Social War. It was also possible for one of the censors to punish an individual by expelling him from one of the rustic tribes, and assigning him to one of the urban tribes; this was known as
568:
and also formed the basis on which the army was levied. Toward the end of the
Republic, the tribe became so important that it became an official part of a Roman's name, usually appearing, in the most formal documents and inscriptions, between a citizen's filiation and any cognomina.
628:
enrolled two more tribes, Maecia (originally Maicia) and
Scaptia. Ufentina (or Oufentina) and Falerina followed in 318, and in 299 Aniensis and Terentina were added. The last two tribes, Quirina and Velina, were established in 241 BC, bringing the number of tribes to thirty-five.
982:, which saw the enfranchisement of Rome's Italian allies and a massive increase in the citizen population, there was a vigorous debate at Rome as to whether further tribes should be created, but it was eventually decided to register the new citizens in the existing thirty-five.
949:
Although the names of the older rural tribes are those of patrician families, the tribes themselves were probably entirely plebeian until 449 BC, after which both patricians and plebeians were enrolled; before this time, many of the powers and responsibilities later held by the
1121:
also decided suits instituted by the plebeian tribunes and aediles, for offenses against the plebs or their representatives. In the later
Republic, these suits typically involved charges of maladministration; the tribunes and aediles were entitled to levy substantial fines.
534:
which coalesced into seventeen rural tribes. The names of the four urban tribes were based on the four regions of the city that they represented, while those of the rural tribes were likely based on the names of families that owned considerable tracts of land in those areas.
1042:, or plebiscites, binding upon the whole Roman people; this law was not ratified by the senate until 286 BC, but even before this its resolutions were considered binding on the plebs. Because all citizens, whether patrician or plebeian, received the same vote in the
1178:, was chosen by lot, and the result of its vote announced. The other tribes would then vote simultaneously, and the results of their votes announced in an order also determined by lot, before the final result was proclaimed. Laws passed by the
31:
201:, these first tribes have often been supposed to represent the major ethnic groups of early Rome with the Ramnes representing Rome's Latin population, the Tities representing the Sabines, and the Luceres probably representing the
1272:
There is no evidence that the
Romulean tribes were ever formally abolished, although they are seldom mentioned in the time of the Republic. However, Livy implies that they still existed, and that members of the college of
1313:
probably derived from the same source, and either the curia was named after the gens, or if this ward was named for one of the Sabine women, perhaps
Accoleia was a matronymic surname, based on an ancient praenomen such as
1838:, p. 353 n. 5. "The popularity of this explanation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries may owe more to the ethnic and nationalist politics of the time than to a plausible reconstruction of early Rome".
344:
were included in voting, and this view now appears to have prevailed; the plebeians were included either from the beginning, or at least from an early date; certainly from the earliest years of the
Republic.
441:, which also elected religious officials, presided over trials affecting the plebeians, and passed resolutions based on legislation proposed by the tribunes of the plebs and various magistrates. The
561:, or tribunes of the treasury, whose responsibility was for the tribe's financial obligations; they were responsible for collecting the war tax, and distributed pay to the tribe's soldiers.
107:
were enrolled in one of these tribes, through which they were entitled to vote on the election of certain magistrates, religious officials, judicial decisions in certain suits affecting the
985:
In imperial times, the enrollment of citizens in tribes along a geographic basis was resumed; for instance, easterners were typically enrolled in the tribes
Collina and Quirina, while in
2901:
2700:
437:, which also presided over certain capital trials, and held the power to declare war, and to pass legislation presented by the senate. Lesser magistrates were elected by the
1403:
means "full of holm oaks." However, it also referred to various places, including a Curia Tifata at Rome, which in another passage Festus explains was named after a certain
2640:
2602:
1182:
took effect as soon as the results were announced. Although the order of voting was determined by lot, there was also an official order of the tribes, known as the
96:
over the countryside, which later became seventeen rural tribes. After the formation of the republic, these tribes were assembled into a popular assembly called the
2695:
1725:
2788:
3330:
2672:
2517:
3372:
3360:
2677:
2617:
1186:. The first four tribes were the urban tribes, in the order: Suburana, Palatina, Esquilina, Collina; the rural tribes followed, concluding with Aniensis.
3419:
2720:
1222:
judicial function, and preserved its power to pass legislation only in form. He filled half of the available magistracies with his own candidates, and
4738:
1114:
modification. Although the senate might review these resolutions, it could only reject them if they had been passed without the proper formalities.
3335:
1343:; they cast the first vote again in 310, but the ill omen came to naught, as the Romans won an important victory over the Etruscans. According to
4707:
3345:
2655:
1174:
After a prayer, unaccompanied by sacrifice, proposals would be read, and the citizens arranged by tribe. The first tribe to vote, known as the
4652:
3340:
3074:
4622:
3447:
2974:
2710:
2485:
2456:
2435:
2414:
2393:
2341:
2260:
83:. Although the curiae continued throughout Roman history, the three original tribes that they constituted gradually vanished from history.
4712:
4587:
3740:
3293:
1054:
was Rome's most democratic assembly. By the end of the Republic, the plebs greatly outnumbered the patricians, and it was through this
590:
2964:
2660:
2645:
625:
450:
4632:
3392:
2959:
2954:
2930:
2781:
2753:
2607:
2542:
2164:
1226:
transferred the comitia's remaining electoral authority to the senate. Although the emperors received many of their powers from the
1030:, or plebeian council; as time passed and the council's authority to pass legislation developed, it was increasingly known as the
4748:
4647:
3320:
2969:
2896:
2705:
2622:
2510:
1387:
is an adjective meaning "abducted" or "captured." In its feminine form, it could well be a reference to one of the Sabine women.
2913:
2846:
2725:
2650:
3667:
3592:
3350:
495:
4163:
632:
The names of the various tribes vary, both due to scribal error and changes in Latin orthography. For example, the tribe
4003:
3607:
3059:
2774:
2667:
2124:
4702:
620:
territory in 358 BC, two more tribes were formed, Pomptina and Publilia (also found as Poblilia). In 332, the censors
221:
belongs; and indeed the names, if not the ethnic character, of all three of the Romulean tribes appear to be Etruscan.
4627:
4386:
3442:
3325:
2871:
2612:
2503:
1340:
392:
might vote. These included the election of a new king, as proposed by the interrex; the passing of a law conferring
2386:
Tribus und Stadt. Die Entstehung der römischen Wahlbezirke im urbanen und mediterranen Kontext (ca. 750–450 v. Chr.)
4662:
4326:
4218:
3988:
3760:
3582:
3490:
3355:
3298:
2715:
979:
958:
While we know the origin of their names, the location of the territories which defined these tribes is uncertain.
461:
also retained the power to decide whether to admit a non-patrician into that order, and to oversee the process of
4682:
3775:
3730:
3657:
3577:
3525:
3515:
3467:
2814:
333:
1335:
was particularly ill-omened, because it had cast the first vote in 390 BC, the year that Rome was sacked by the
100:. As the Roman population and its territory grew, fifteen additional tribes were enrolled, the last in 241 BC.
4283:
4193:
3702:
3682:
3677:
3662:
3615:
3555:
3510:
3312:
550:
coordinated gifts among tribesmen and were regularly implicated in electoral bribery during the late republic.
329:
178:
453:
decided upon by the other two comitia; both of these, however, required the senate to propose them before the
86:
Perhaps influenced by the original division of the people into tribes, as well as the number of thirty wards,
123:, enrollment in a tribe remained an important part of Roman citizenship until at least the third century AD.
4692:
4672:
4612:
4602:
4592:
3998:
3687:
3587:
3567:
3482:
3472:
3177:
3117:
2809:
1483:
621:
288:, undertook the religious obligations of the ward. Each also had its own place of meeting, also known as a
4697:
4687:
4637:
4617:
4431:
4406:
4371:
4253:
3978:
3625:
3387:
2918:
2743:
2139:
2131:
2108:
1798:
1396:
1287:
966:
597:, in 504 BC, he was admitted to the patriciate, and assigned lands in the region around the mouth of the
4733:
4667:
4597:
4421:
4173:
3973:
3968:
3765:
3672:
3597:
3560:
3545:
3520:
3500:
3402:
1572:
Crawford postulates that the rustic tribes were enumerated along the major roads leading from Rome (the
1356:
202:
191:
229:, attributes the popularity of the explanation to nationalist politics of the 19th and 20th centuries.
4677:
4642:
4331:
4321:
4198:
4098:
4023:
3888:
3851:
3227:
2891:
1277:
were traditionally assigned in threes, so that each tribe would be represented by one or more augurs.
1253:
1199:
1071:
605:, which was admitted in 495 BC, during Claudius' consulship, and subsequently enlarged to become the
112:
961:
The enrollment of new citizens in particular tribes became a significant political issue during the
4607:
4456:
4258:
4128:
4078:
3397:
2994:
2567:
1730:
1095:
1004:
1653:
4743:
4657:
4381:
4188:
4043:
3983:
3903:
3846:
3710:
2946:
2925:
2735:
2547:
2526:
1934:
1932:
986:
582:
500:
336:
were admitted meant no more than that they were passive members with no voting rights. However,
4296:
2183:
1058:
that the collective will of the citizens could be exercised without regard to wealth or status.
4291:
4143:
3898:
3858:
3836:
3044:
2584:
2481:
2452:
2431:
2410:
2389:
2337:
2320:
2304:
2288:
2266:
2256:
2170:
2160:
565:
104:
1826:. "The modern theory that represent different ethnic groups... is unfounded and improbable."
372:. It was founded under the kings and survived through to the end of the republic. One of the
4356:
4316:
4248:
4183:
4108:
4103:
3875:
3798:
3745:
3540:
3535:
3424:
3283:
3232:
3192:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3142:
3064:
3011:
3004:
2989:
2984:
2908:
2836:
2577:
2562:
2557:
2473:
2316:
2300:
2284:
2195:
1489:
1303:
1087:
1075:
477:
410:
357:
244:, or wards, the organization of which is unclear. The etymology of the word may derive from
132:
79:
1608:, one of the original Servian tribes, and counts Claudia and Clustumina as separate tribes.
613:. Four more tribes were added in 387 BC: Arniensis, Sabatina, Stellatina, and Tromentina.
577:
4451:
4263:
4243:
4203:
4138:
4088:
4083:
3958:
3908:
3816:
3650:
3630:
3550:
2999:
2824:
2572:
1585:
1156:
1021:
512:
405:
368:
337:
297:
The curiae were said to have been named after thirty of the Sabine Women, but of the nine
160:
87:
58:
194:
and Sabines. After this, traditionally dated to 750 BC, Romulus created the tribes.
544:
who counted and facilitated the votes of tribe members. Another group of officials, the
4506:
4148:
3883:
3831:
3803:
3750:
3735:
3715:
3530:
3505:
3462:
3452:
3278:
3252:
3182:
3167:
3132:
3092:
2853:
2632:
1344:
1168:
63:
1415:
there is some doubt as to whether it was instead a place name; or perhaps it was both.
1134:
was normally summoned by the tribunes themselves. Magistrates could also convene the
4727:
4038:
4008:
3923:
3457:
3434:
3247:
3102:
3087:
3034:
2841:
2594:
1573:
1453:
1428:, like the tribe of the Tities, was named after Titus Tatius; but Poucet disagrees.
1319:
1308:
1211:
1203:
1013:
4516:
4376:
3821:
3770:
3725:
3720:
3572:
3382:
3268:
3212:
3207:
3097:
2979:
2863:
2797:
2687:
2552:
2534:
1597:
962:
422:
186:
163:
referring to the community as a whole. Others say the word instead is derived from
120:
53:
2005:
The voting districts of the Roman Republic: the thirty-five urban and rural tribes
2446:
2425:
2404:
2363:
2352:
2331:
2250:
589:
The dates of the creation of the remaining tribes are all known. When the Sabine
538:
Each tribe was both a territorial and administrative unit, with officials called
4311:
3933:
3755:
3039:
1593:
1589:
1457:
1449:
1372:
1299:
1240:
1160:
1009:
425:. However, between 494 and 449 BC, most of its functions were relegated to the
225:
groups has no support in the ancient sources". Kathryn Lomas, in the 2018 book
4536:
4476:
4441:
4233:
4168:
4158:
4053:
3938:
3826:
3409:
3377:
3122:
3049:
2881:
2876:
2374:
1601:
1581:
1577:
1466:
1404:
1352:
404:; and whether to allow foreigners to be received among the patricians. Under
2270:
2007:(Second ed.). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. pp. 5–6.
56:
people for military, censorial, and voting purposes. When constituted in the
4566:
4561:
4521:
4446:
4416:
4396:
4273:
4213:
4123:
4073:
4068:
3993:
3953:
3841:
3811:
3620:
3495:
3288:
3172:
3147:
3026:
2748:
2199:
2174:
1433:
1302:, on December 21. This may have been a special honour, as Angerona was the
1103:
978:
it, they became geographically fragmented across Roman territory. After the
30:
17:
2467:
2188:
Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
1351:
had also cast the first vote in 477 BC, the year of the destruction of the
1167:. If summoned by one of the magistrates, the comitia typically met on the
1130:
Beginning with the institution of the tribunes of the plebs in 494 BC, the
660:
are used interchangeably. With their usual abbreviations, the tribes were:
301:
whose names are known today, several are of geographical origin. The only
2477:
417:
After the downfall of the Roman monarchy, questions were presented to the
408:, the rights to declare war and to decide appeals were transferred to the
4526:
4511:
4501:
4486:
4401:
4391:
4361:
4351:
4346:
4336:
4238:
4153:
4033:
4018:
3948:
3928:
3918:
3913:
3893:
3692:
3273:
3237:
3127:
3054:
2886:
1295:
1223:
1215:
1164:
465:
particularly when a patrician was being adopted into a plebeian family.
393:
385:
35:
585:, noting that Gaius Cestius was a member of the tribe of Poblilia (POB).
4546:
4541:
4531:
4496:
4491:
4481:
4426:
4411:
4228:
4223:
4208:
4178:
4133:
4113:
4093:
4048:
3780:
3635:
3414:
3222:
3217:
3107:
488:
210:
182:
70:
2766:
1407:
who lived there. Thus, while Festus seems to say in one passage that
1146:, a crier or herald, at least seventeen days before the meeting. The
1034:, or tribal assembly. A law passed in 449 BC made resolutions of the
4556:
4436:
4366:
4306:
4301:
4268:
4028:
4013:
3963:
3943:
3365:
3242:
3137:
2495:
2427:
The Roman Clan: The Gens from Ancient Ideology to Modern Anthropology
1147:
1083:
1079:
617:
507:(abbreviated VOL), into which Gallic citizens were frequently placed.
473:
250:– a gathering of men – with each group electing a leader, known as a
214:
445:
retained the power to confer imperium on magistrates elected by the
62:, the tribes were the voting units of a legislative assembly of the
69:
According to tradition, the first three tribes were established by
4341:
4063:
3790:
3082:
1336:
1274:
1151:
tribune's authority. In the first centuries of the Republic, the
1099:
1003:
576:
487:
400:; whether to declare war; rulings on appeals; matters relating to
341:
290:
206:
108:
29:
1086:. A committee of seventeen tribes, chosen by lot, nominated the
4551:
4118:
4058:
3640:
3016:
2119:
1046:, and because the assembly was much simpler to convene than the
598:
528:) and re-divided the city into four urban tribes and twenty-six
2770:
2499:
3112:
2406:
Cassell's New Compact Latin-English, English-Latin Dictionary
262:, one was selected as head of all the curiae, with the title
663:
131:
According to the ancient Roman tradition, shortly after the
2376:
Harper's dictionary of classical literature and antiquities
2294:
Momigliano, Arnaldo; Cornell, Tim (2012b). "curia (1)". In
2052:
2050:
1951:
Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities
1867:
Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities
1726:
Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities
1650:
Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities
324:
In the past, it was widely believed that membership in the
2278:
Momigliano, Arnaldo; Cornell, Tim (2012a). "comitia". In
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1210:
of the power to declare war or conclude peace; the early
1194:
In the final years of the Republic, participation in the
2310:
Momigliano, Arnaldo; Cornell, Tim (2012c). "tribus". In
380:, and presided over the assembly. Under the kings, the
111:, and pass resolutions on various proposals made by the
1720:
1198:
was quite low, and its acts increasingly the result of
332:, and that statements to the contrary, indicating that
190:
Rome. The nascent city was thus evenly divided between
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1645:
2333:
The rise of Rome: from the Iron age to the Punic wars
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1755:
The Bantam New College Latin & English Dictionary
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
503:, recording the enrollment of Gaius Otacilius in the
1070:
elected all of the lower magistrates, including the
240:
These three tribes were in turn divided into thirty
4575:
4469:
4282:
3874:
3867:
3789:
3701:
3606:
3481:
3433:
3311:
3261:
3200:
3191:
3073:
3025:
2945:
2862:
2823:
2734:
2686:
2631:
2593:
2533:
2136:
Epitome de M. Verrio Flacco de Verborum Significatu
307:
Acculeia, Calabra, Faucia, Foriensis, Rapta, Tifata
1962:
1938:
1847:
1823:
1742:
1464:is an Etruscan woman's praenomen, and there was a
1138:, but only with the consent of the tribunes. The
90:established four tribes dividing Rome and various
1493:, a priestly office restricted to the patricians.
522:), abolished the Romulean tribes (though not the
153:is unclear: it may relate to the word for three (
119:lost most of its legislative functions under the
2379:(2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Brothers.
1514:. Internal letters are also sometimes omitted:
564:Membership in a tribe was prima facie proof of
284:, who assisted by another priest, known as the
77:, or wards, which were the voting units of the
2448:The New College Latin & English Dictionary
135:, Romulus created the first three tribes: the
2782:
2511:
2249:Hornblower, Simon; et al., eds. (2012).
1026:Together, the Servian tribes constituted the
388:, who would present questions upon which the
8:
169:, referring to divisions and distributions.
2218:Momigliano, Arnaldo (1970a). "comitia". In
2077:
1682:
1502:Further tribal name irregularities include
655:
649:
639:
633:
557:, who served as the head of the tribe, and
545:
539:
529:
523:
433:The higher magistrates were elected by the
366:were assembled for voting, they formed the
263:
257:
251:
245:
164:
154:
148:
91:
3871:
3197:
2829:
2789:
2775:
2767:
2518:
2504:
2496:
2227:Momigliano, Arnaldo (1970b). "tribus". In
1794:
1792:
1460:. The origin of the name is obscure; but
601:. These settlers became the basis of the
115:and the higher magistrates. Although the
2255:(4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
2209:Hammond, NGL; Scullard, HH, eds. (1970).
2213:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1771:Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary
2321:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.6555
2305:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1958
2289:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1747
2056:
2029:
2017:
1990:
1978:
1621:
1371:probably refers to the area around the
1339:, and again in 321 BC, the year of the
1265:
2041:
1965:, s.v. "Comitia curiata", citing Cic.
1452:, a ridge in central Rome joining the
1142:was summoned by the proclamation of a
476:, usually under the presidency of the
2236:Treves, Piero. "tribuni aerarii". In
1835:
7:
2469:Roman elections in the age of Cicero
2311:
2295:
2279:
2237:
2228:
2219:
1559:was subsequently enlarged to become
449:, and to confirm alterations in the
2368:(in German). Vol. 2. Weidmann.
2357:(in German). Vol. 1. Weidmann.
2373:Peck, Harry Thurston, ed. (1896).
1318:Various traditions relating to an
593:removed to Rome together with his
511:According to the Roman tradition,
384:was summoned by the king or by an
147:. The etymology of the Latin word
38:of 63 BC: a voter casting a ballot
25:
2182:Crawford, Michael Hewson (2002).
4739:Government of the Roman Republic
515:, the sixth king (traditionally
414:, another legislative assembly.
305:whose names are now known were:
2252:The Oxford classical dictionary
1803:A Commentary on Livy, Books I–V
517:
2430:. Cambridge University Press.
2388:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
1963:Momigliano & Cornell 2012a
1939:Momigliano & Cornell 2012a
1848:Momigliano & Cornell 2012b
1824:Momigliano & Cornell 2012c
1743:Momigliano & Cornell 2012c
209:, the traditional boundary of
1:
2466:Vishnia, Rachel Feig (2012).
2424:Smith, Christopher J (2006).
2184:"Tribus, tessères et régions"
1341:disaster at the Caudine Forks
1306:of Rome itself. There was a
1230:, this was only a formality.
1214:further curtailed its power.
1090:, and coöpted members of the
520: 579 – 534 BC
340:argued convincingly that the
280:was attended by a priest, or
3361:Frontiers and fortifications
2336:. Harvard University Press.
1322:are associated with Romulus.
553:Further officers included a
472:was represented by only one
177:Livy relates that after the
73:; each was divided into ten
3420:Decorations and punishments
2211:Oxford Classical Dictionary
2142:: On the Meaning of Words).
1733:, Editor (1897), "Comitia".
1424:Festus informs us that the
1298:during the festival of the
644:due to its abbreviation as
468:By the late republic, each
4765:
4327:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
2902:historiography of the fall
2003:Taylor, Lily Ross (2013).
1019:
638:must originally have been
355:
27:Grouping of Roman citizens
4708:External wars and battles
2832:
2805:
2445:Traupman, John C (1995).
2362:Mommsen, Theodor (1879).
2351:Mommsen, Theodor (1864).
1941:, s.v. "Comitia curiata".
626:Spurius Postumius Albinus
376:was appointed or elected
2384:Rieger, Michael (2007).
2115:(On the Latin Language).
396:on the king, known as a
179:Rape of the Sabine Women
52:, was a division of the
4749:Historical legislatures
4703:Roman–Iranian relations
3178:Optimates and populares
2330:Lomas, Kathryn (2018).
2200:10.3406/crai.2002.22505
1484:Publius Clodius Pulcher
1331:Livy mentions that the
622:Quintus Publilius Philo
4713:Civil wars and revolts
3979:Sextus Pompeius Festus
3626:Conflict of the Orders
2985:Legislative assemblies
2744:Conflict of the Orders
2157:The beginnings of Rome
2140:Marcus Verrius Flaccus
2132:Sextus Pompeius Festus
2109:Marcus Terentius Varro
1814:Cornell, pp. 114, 115.
1799:Robert Maxwell Ogilvie
1411:was one of the thirty
1032:comitia plebis tributa
1017:
967:Appius Claudius Caecus
954:still belonged to the
656:
650:
640:
634:
586:
546:
540:
530:
524:
508:
398:lex curiata de imperio
264:
258:
252:
246:
165:
159:) or a cognate in the
155:
149:
92:
39:
4422:Simplicius of Cilicia
4174:Quintus Curtius Rufus
3403:Siege in Ancient Rome
3012:Executive magistrates
2478:10.4324/9780203133293
2403:Simpson, D P (1963).
2159:. London: Routledge.
2155:Cornell, Tim (1995).
1072:tribunes of the plebs
1007:
669:The four urban tribes
616:With the addition of
580:
491:
268:. The members of the
113:tribunes of the plebs
33:
4432:Stephanus Byzantinus
4337:Eusebius of Caesaria
4199:Sidonius Apollinaris
3889:Ammianus Marcellinus
3228:Tribune of the plebs
2365:Römische Forschungen
2354:Römische Forschungen
1924:Römische Forschungen
1294:made a sacrifice to
1254:List of Roman tribes
4608:Distinguished women
4259:Velleius Paterculus
4099:Nicolaus Damascenus
4079:Marcellus Empiricus
3468:Republican currency
2661:reforms of Augustus
1731:Harry Thurston Peck
1432:was also a women's
1155:usually met on the
581:Inscription on the
431:comitia centuriata.
328:was limited to the
197:Known as the three
127:The Romulean tribes
4382:Phlegon of Tralles
4189:Seneca the Younger
3663:Naming conventions
3393:Personal equipment
2926:Later Roman Empire
2527:Roman Constitution
2032:, pp. 140–41.
2020:, pp. 120–21.
1729:, Second Edition,
1104:decemviri sacrorum
1048:comitia centuriata
1018:
989:enrollment in the
987:Gallia Narbonensis
587:
583:Pyramid of Cestius
509:
501:Gallia Narbonensis
484:The Servian tribes
451:Roman constitution
447:comitia centuriata
435:comitia centuriata
411:comitia centuriata
205:. Rome lay on the
40:
4721:
4720:
4683:Pontifices maximi
4465:
4464:
4322:Diogenes Laërtius
4144:Pliny the Younger
3899:Asconius Pedianus
3859:Romance languages
3731:Civil engineering
3473:Imperial currency
3346:Political control
3307:
3306:
2941:
2940:
2764:
2763:
2711:(post Diocletian)
2701:(post Diocletian)
2656:reforms of Caesar
2487:978-1-136-47872-7
2458:978-0-553-57301-5
2437:978-0-521-85692-8
2416:978-0-440-31101-0
2395:978-3-89744-237-5
2343:978-0-674-65965-0
2262:978-0-19-954556-8
2148:Secondary sources
2059:, pp. 32–33.
1076:military tribunes
946:
945:
607:tribus Crustumina
566:Roman citizenship
362:When the various
16:(Redirected from
4756:
4673:Magistri equitum
4588:Cities and towns
4581:
4507:Constantinopolis
4317:Diodorus Siculus
4249:Valerius Maximus
4184:Seneca the Elder
4104:Nonius Marcellus
3872:
3425:Hippika gymnasia
3388:Infantry tactics
3294:Consular tribune
3284:Magister equitum
3233:Military tribune
3198:
3158:Pontifex maximus
3153:Princeps senatus
3143:Magister militum
2909:Byzantine Empire
2830:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2768:
2651:reforms of Sulla
2520:
2513:
2506:
2497:
2491:
2462:
2451:. Bantam Books.
2441:
2420:
2399:
2380:
2369:
2358:
2347:
2315:
2299:
2283:
2274:
2241:
2232:
2223:
2214:
2203:
2194:(4): 1125–1136.
2178:
2113:De Lingua Latina
2090:
2087:
2081:
2078:Momigliano 1970a
2075:
2069:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1927:
1920:
1914:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1880:De Lingua Latina
1876:
1870:
1864:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1796:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1768:
1762:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1722:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1683:Momigliano 1970b
1680:
1657:
1647:
1609:
1570:
1564:
1553:
1547:
1500:
1494:
1490:Flamen Martialis
1477:
1471:
1443:
1437:
1422:
1416:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1366:
1360:
1329:
1323:
1304:tutelary goddess
1284:
1278:
1270:
1088:Pontifex Maximus
1080:plebeian aediles
1028:concilium plebis
956:comitia curiata.
936:
929:
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
848:
841:
834:
823:
816:
809:
802:
795:
788:
781:
774:
763:
756:
749:
742:
735:
728:
721:
714:
706:The rural tribes
698:
691:
684:
677:
664:
659:
653:
647:
643:
637:
549:
543:
533:
527:
521:
519:
478:pontifex maximus
457:could act. The
358:Curiate Assembly
267:
261:
255:
249:
168:
158:
152:
133:founding of Rome
95:
21:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4579:
4577:
4571:
4461:
4297:Aëtius of Amida
4278:
4264:Verrius Flaccus
4244:Valerius Antias
4204:Silius Italicus
4139:Pliny the Elder
4084:Marcus Aurelius
3959:Cornelius Nepos
3909:Aurelius Victor
3863:
3785:
3697:
3631:Secessio plebis
3602:
3477:
3429:
3303:
3257:
3187:
3069:
3021:
2937:
2858:
2819:
2801:
2795:
2765:
2760:
2730:
2682:
2627:
2589:
2529:
2524:
2494:
2488:
2465:
2459:
2444:
2438:
2423:
2417:
2402:
2396:
2383:
2372:
2361:
2350:
2344:
2329:
2309:
2293:
2277:
2263:
2248:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2181:
2167:
2154:
2145:
2125:History of Rome
2102:Primary sources
2099:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1937:
1930:
1921:
1917:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1797:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1769:
1765:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1723:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1660:
1648:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1606:tribus Popillia
1571:
1567:
1554:
1550:
1501:
1497:
1478:
1474:
1444:
1440:
1423:
1419:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1367:
1363:
1330:
1326:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1250:
1235:comitia tributa
1228:comitia tributa
1208:comitia tributa
1192:
1132:comitia tributa
1128:
1119:comitia tributa
1068:comitia tributa
1064:
1052:comitia tributa
1044:comitia tributa
1036:comitia tributa
1024:
1022:Tribal Assembly
1002:
999:comitia tributa
993:was preferred.
991:tribus Voltinia
952:comitia tributa
947:
934:
927:
920:
913:
906:
899:
892:
881:
874:
867:
860:
853:
846:
839:
832:
821:
814:
807:
800:
793:
786:
779:
772:
761:
754:
747:
740:
733:
726:
719:
712:
696:
689:
682:
675:
645:
591:Appius Claudius
575:
559:tribuni aerarii
555:curator tribuum
516:
513:Servius Tullius
505:tribus Voltinia
486:
443:comitia curiata
439:comitia tributa
427:comitia tributa
419:comitia curiata
406:Servius Tullius
382:comitia curiata
369:comitia curiata
360:
354:
351:comitia curiata
286:flamen curialis
238:
199:Romulean tribes
175:
161:Iguvine Tablets
129:
117:comitia tributa
98:comitia tributa
88:Servius Tullius
80:comitia curiata
59:comitia tributa
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4762:
4760:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4726:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4149:Pomponius Mela
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3884:Aelius Donatus
3880:
3878:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3852:Ecclesiastical
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3593:Toys and games
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3133:Vigintisexviri
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3093:Cursus honorum
3090:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2892:Western Empire
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2771:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2633:Roman Republic
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2500:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2463:
2457:
2442:
2436:
2421:
2415:
2400:
2394:
2381:
2370:
2359:
2348:
2342:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2307:
2291:
2261:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2233:
2224:
2205:
2204:
2179:
2165:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2129:
2118:Titus Livius (
2116:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2082:
2070:
2061:
2046:
2034:
2022:
2010:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1955:
1943:
1928:
1915:
1911:The Roman Clan
1902:
1893:
1884:
1871:
1852:
1840:
1828:
1816:
1807:
1788:
1786:Livy, i. 9–13.
1779:
1763:
1747:
1735:
1696:
1687:
1658:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1574:Viae Ostiensis
1565:
1557:tribus Claudia
1548:
1495:
1472:
1448:refers to the
1438:
1417:
1389:
1377:
1361:
1345:Licinius Macer
1324:
1292:curia Acculeia
1279:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1191:
1188:
1169:Campus Martius
1127:
1124:
1084:curule aediles
1063:
1060:
1020:Main article:
1008:A view of the
1001:
995:
944:
943:
939:
938:
931:
924:
917:
910:
903:
896:
887:
886:
885:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
843:
836:
827:
826:
825:
818:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
767:
766:
765:
758:
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
702:
701:
700:
693:
686:
679:
662:
603:tribus Claudia
574:
571:
499:13.1029) from
485:
482:
356:Main article:
353:
347:
272:were known as
237:
231:
174:
171:
128:
125:
105:Roman citizens
64:Roman Republic
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4761:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4039:Julius Paulus
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3974:Fabius Pictor
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3711:Amphitheatres
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3448:Deforestation
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:Siege engines
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3331:Establishment
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:Extraordinary
3260:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3248:Promagistrate
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:Twelve Tables
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2792:
2787:
2785:
2780:
2778:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2736:Miscellaneous
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2595:Roman Kingdom
2592:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2489:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2472:. Routledge.
2471:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2166:0-415-01596-0
2162:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2068:Livy, ii. 21.
2065:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1993:, p. 32.
1992:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:C. J. Smith,
1906:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1891:Livy, ix. 38.
1888:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1454:Palatine Hill
1451:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1320:Acca Larentia
1317:
1312:
1310:
1309:gens Accoleia
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1286:According to
1283:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1233:Although the
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:deprived the
1205:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1015:
1014:Palatine Hill
1011:
1006:
1000:
996:
994:
992:
988:
983:
981:
975:
973:
968:
964:
959:
957:
953:
942:
932:
925:
918:
911:
904:
897:
890:
889:
888:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
844:
837:
830:
829:
828:
819:
812:
805:
798:
791:
784:
777:
770:
769:
768:
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
710:
709:
708:
707:
703:
694:
687:
680:
673:
672:
671:
670:
666:
665:
661:
658:
652:
642:
636:
630:
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
584:
579:
572:
570:
567:
562:
560:
556:
551:
548:
542:
536:
532:
526:
514:
506:
502:
498:
497:
490:
483:
481:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
415:
413:
412:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:curio maximus
375:
371:
370:
365:
359:
352:
348:
346:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
292:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
265:curio maximus
260:
254:
248:
243:
236:
232:
230:
228:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
193:
188:
184:
180:
172:
170:
167:
162:
157:
151:
146:
142:
138:
134:
126:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
99:
94:
89:
84:
82:
81:
76:
72:
67:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
47:
46:
37:
32:
19:
4734:Roman tribes
4653:Institutions
4517:Leptis Magna
4470:Major cities
4377:Philostratus
4164:Quadrigarius
3984:Rufus Festus
3847:Contemporary
3645:
3568:Romanization
3491:Architecture
3098:Collegiality
2947:Constitution
2798:Ancient Rome
2706:Constitution
2688:Roman Empire
2646:Constitution
2608:Constitution
2548:Constitution
2535:Ancient Rome
2468:
2447:
2426:
2405:
2385:
2375:
2364:
2353:
2332:
2251:
2210:
2191:
2187:
2156:
2138:(Epitome of
2135:
2123:
2112:
2097:Bibliography
2085:
2073:
2064:
2057:Vishnia 2012
2037:
2030:Vishnia 2012
2025:
2018:Vishnia 2012
2013:
2004:
1998:
1991:Vishnia 2012
1986:
1981:, p. 1.
1979:Vishnia 2012
1974:
1966:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1879:
1874:
1866:
1843:
1831:
1819:
1810:
1802:
1782:
1775:s. v. tribus
1774:
1770:
1766:
1759:s. v. tribus
1758:
1754:
1750:
1738:
1724:
1690:
1649:
1605:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1518:in place of
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1488:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1461:
1445:
1441:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1368:
1364:
1349:curia Faucia
1348:
1333:curia Faucia
1332:
1327:
1315:
1307:
1291:
1282:
1268:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1218:removed the
1207:
1195:
1193:
1184:ordo tribuum
1183:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1163:, or at the
1152:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1091:
1067:
1065:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1025:
998:
990:
984:
976:
972:tribu movere
971:
960:
955:
951:
948:
940:
905:Tromentina (
891:Stellatina (
746:Crustumina (
705:
704:
668:
667:
631:
615:
610:
606:
602:
594:
588:
573:Later tribes
563:
558:
554:
552:
537:
510:
504:
493:
492:Inscription
469:
467:
462:
458:
454:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
423:Roman Senate
418:
416:
409:
401:
397:
389:
381:
377:
373:
367:
363:
361:
350:
325:
323:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
296:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
256:. Among the
241:
239:
234:
227:Rise of Rome
226:
223:
218:
198:
196:
187:Titus Tatius
176:
144:
140:
136:
130:
116:
102:
97:
85:
78:
74:
68:
57:
49:
44:
43:
41:
18:Roman tribes
4648:Geographers
4332:Dioscorides
4312:Cassius Dio
3934:Cassiodorus
3837:Renaissance
3443:Agriculture
3415:Auxiliaries
3356:Engineering
3193:Magistrates
3045:Citizenship
3040:Mos maiorum
2975:Late Empire
2726:Magistrates
2678:Magistrates
2623:Magistrates
2585:Magistrates
2042:Treves 1970
1926:i. 140–150.
1694:Livy, x. 6.
1586:Praenestina
1458:Oppian Hill
1450:Velian Hill
1426:curia Titia
1373:Roman Forum
1357:the Cremera
1300:Angeronalia
1040:plebi scita
1038:, known as
1010:Roman Forum
898:Terentina (
725:Arniensis (
681:Esquilina (
4728:Categories
4537:Mediolanum
4477:Alexandria
4442:Themistius
4407:Porphyrius
4234:Tertullian
4169:Quintilian
4159:Propertius
4054:Lactantius
4004:Fulgentius
3939:Censorinus
3761:Sanitation
3746:Metallurgy
3703:Technology
3668:Demography
3616:Patricians
3583:Spectacles
3541:Literature
3536:Hairstyles
3373:Technology
3123:Praefectus
3075:Government
3065:Litigation
3050:Auctoritas
2995:Centuriate
2882:Principate
2877:Pax Romana
2837:Foundation
2754:Obligation
2721:Assemblies
2673:Assemblies
2618:Assemblies
2568:Centuriate
2558:Assemblies
2312:OCD (2012)
2296:OCD (2012)
2280:OCD (2012)
2238:OCD (1970)
2229:OCD (1970)
2220:OCD (1970)
1953:, "Curio."
1869:, "Curia."
1836:Lomas 2018
1616:References
1561:Crustumina
1467:gens Velia
1399:says that
1241:acclamatio
1200:corruption
1176:principium
1126:Procedures
1102:, and the
1096:pontifices
980:Social War
963:censorship
933:Voltinia (
912:Ufentina (
866:Sabatina (
838:Publilia (
831:Pomptina (
771:Falerina (
753:Cornelia (
718:Aniensis (
695:Suburana (
688:Palatina (
657:Clustumina
651:Crustumina
611:Clustumina
463:arrogatio,
330:patricians
4744:Roman law
4693:Quaestors
4623:Empresses
4613:Dynasties
4603:Dictators
4578:and other
4567:Volubilis
4562:Vindobona
4522:Londinium
4447:Theodoret
4417:Procopius
4397:Polyaenus
4372:Pausanias
4274:Vitruvius
4219:Symmachus
4214:Suetonius
4124:Petronius
4109:Obsequens
4074:Macrobius
4069:Lucretius
3994:Frontinus
3969:Eutropius
3954:Columella
3904:Augustine
3894:Appuleius
3842:Neo-Latin
3817:Classical
3808:Versions
3716:Aqueducts
3658:Patronage
3578:Sexuality
3551:Mythology
3526:Education
3516:Cosmetics
3341:Campaigns
3336:Structure
3289:Decemviri
3148:Imperator
2847:overthrow
2749:Roman law
2271:959667246
2089:Crawford.
1967:Leg. agr.
1922:Mommsen,
1913:, p. 204.
1536:Terentina
1480:Arrogatio
1446:Veliensis
1434:praenomen
1369:Foriensis
1220:comitia's
1159:, in the
1012:from the
926:Veturia (
873:Scaptia (
859:Romilia (
852:Quirina (
845:Pupinia (
840:Pub./Pob.
813:Papiria (
806:Menenia (
801:Mae./Mai.
792:Lemonia (
785:Horatia (
778:Galeria (
739:Claudia (
732:Camilia (
711:Aemilia (
697:Sub./Suc.
674:Collina (
547:divisores
402:arrogatio
342:plebeians
315:Veliensis
203:Etruscans
173:Formation
4698:Tribunes
4688:Praetors
4638:Generals
4618:Emperors
4527:Lugdunum
4512:Eboracum
4502:Carthage
4487:Aquileia
4402:Polybius
4392:Plutarch
4362:Libanius
4352:Josephus
4347:Herodian
4239:Tibullus
4154:Priscian
4129:Phaedrus
4089:Manilius
4034:Jordanes
4019:Hydatius
3949:Claudian
3929:Catullus
3919:Boëthius
3914:Ausonius
3832:Medieval
3804:Alphabet
3776:Theatres
3751:Numerals
3736:Concrete
3726:Circuses
3693:Bagaudae
3683:Adoption
3678:Marriage
3651:Assembly
3556:Religion
3531:Folklore
3511:Clothing
3506:Calendar
3463:Currency
3453:Commerce
3351:Strategy
3313:Military
3299:Triumvir
3279:Dictator
3274:Interrex
3253:Governor
3238:Quaestor
3201:Ordinary
3183:Province
3173:Tetrarch
3163:Augustus
3128:Vicarius
3118:Officium
3055:Imperium
3005:Plebeian
2965:Republic
2887:Dominate
2854:Republic
2815:Timeline
2578:Plebeian
2409:. Dell.
2175:31515793
1598:Flaminia
1544:Voltinia
1532:Teretina
1528:Sabatina
1520:Falerina
1512:Publilia
1508:Poblilia
1504:Poplilia
1456:and the
1296:Angerona
1248:See also
1224:Tiberius
1216:Augustus
1212:emperors
1165:Comitium
1148:auspices
1092:collegia
1082:and the
919:Velina (
880:Sergia (
820:Pollia (
799:Maecia (
618:Volscian
595:clientes
541:tribules
429:and the
394:imperium
386:interrex
374:curiones
334:clientes
276:. Each
274:curiales
259:curiones
247:co-viria
166:tribuere
36:denarius
34:A Roman
4668:Legions
4628:Fiction
4598:Consuls
4593:Climate
4547:Ravenna
4542:Pompeii
4532:Lutetia
4497:Bononia
4492:Berytus
4482:Antioch
4457:Zosimus
4452:Zonaras
4427:Sozomen
4412:Priscus
4387:Photius
4229:Terence
4224:Tacitus
4209:Statius
4194:Servius
4179:Sallust
4134:Plautus
4114:Orosius
4094:Martial
4049:Juvenal
4024:Hyginus
4009:Gellius
3868:Writers
3799:History
3781:Thermae
3771:Temples
3721:Bridges
3688:Slavery
3636:Equites
3608:Society
3588:Theatre
3561:Deities
3521:Cuisine
3501:Bathing
3483:Culture
3458:Finance
3435:Economy
3326:Borders
3321:History
3223:Tribune
3218:Praetor
3108:Legatus
3103:Emperor
2990:Curiate
2960:Kingdom
2955:History
2931:History
2914:decline
2872:History
2842:Kingdom
2825:History
2810:Outline
2696:History
2641:History
2603:History
2563:Curiate
2543:History
1900:Festus.
1878:Varro,
1805:(1965).
1594:Salaria
1590:Valeria
1540:Votinia
1524:Sabatia
1516:Falerna
1413:curiae,
1196:comitia
1190:Decline
1180:comitia
1157:Capitol
1153:comitia
1140:comitia
1136:comitia
1111:comitia
1100:augures
1094:of the
1056:comitia
760:Fabia (
459:comitia
455:comitia
421:by the
390:comitia
338:Mommsen
319:Velitia
219:Luceres
211:Etruria
183:Sabines
145:Luceres
71:Romulus
4678:Nomina
4663:Legacy
4643:Gentes
4580:topics
4576:Lists
4557:Smyrna
4437:Strabo
4367:Lucian
4357:Julian
4307:Arrian
4302:Appian
4292:Aelian
4269:Vergil
4044:Justin
4029:Jerome
4014:Horace
3999:Fronto
3989:Florus
3964:Ennius
3944:Cicero
3924:Caesar
3822:Vulgar
3646:Tribes
3573:Romans
3383:Legion
3366:castra
3243:Aedile
3213:Censor
3208:Consul
3168:Caesar
3138:Lictor
3060:Status
3000:Tribal
2980:Senate
2970:Empire
2864:Empire
2800:topics
2716:Senate
2668:Senate
2613:Senate
2573:Tribal
2553:Senate
2484:
2455:
2434:
2413:
2392:
2340:
2269:
2259:
2173:
2163:
1654:Tribus
1602:Clodia
1582:Latina
1538:, and
1409:Tifata
1405:Curius
1401:tifata
1397:Festus
1385:Raptus
1347:, the
1290:, the
1275:augurs
1204:Caesar
1144:praeco
1078:, the
1074:, the
1062:Powers
1050:, the
941:
641:Maicia
635:Maecia
525:curiae
474:lictor
364:curiae
326:curiae
317:, and
303:curiae
299:curiae
270:curiae
242:curiae
235:curiae
215:Latium
192:Latins
185:under
181:, the
150:tribus
143:, and
141:Tities
137:Ramnes
121:Empire
75:curiae
45:tribus
4342:Galen
4284:Greek
4254:Varro
4064:Lucan
3876:Latin
3791:Latin
3766:Ships
3756:Roads
3741:Domes
3673:Women
3621:Plebs
3546:Music
3088:Forum
3083:Curia
1969:2.31.
1578:Appia
1462:Velia
1430:Titia
1353:Fabii
1337:Gauls
1316:Acca.
1288:Varro
1260:Notes
1161:Forum
875:Scap.
470:curia
311:Titia
291:curia
282:curio
278:curia
253:curio
213:with
207:Tiber
109:plebs
54:Roman
50:tribe
48:, or
4658:Laws
4633:Film
4552:Roma
4119:Ovid
4059:Livy
3827:Late
3641:Gens
3598:Wine
3410:Navy
3378:Army
3017:SPQR
2919:fall
2897:fall
2482:ISBN
2453:ISBN
2432:ISBN
2411:ISBN
2390:ISBN
2338:ISBN
2267:OCLC
2257:ISBN
2171:OCLC
2161:ISBN
2120:Livy
1600:and
1555:The
1542:for
1534:for
1526:for
1510:for
1506:and
1117:The
1109:The
1066:The
997:The
935:Vol.
928:Vet.
921:Vel.
914:Ouf.
907:Tro.
900:Ter.
893:Ste.
882:Ser.
868:Sab.
861:Rom.
854:Qui.
847:Pup.
833:Pom.
822:Pol.
815:Pap.
808:Men.
794:Lem.
787:Hor.
780:Gal.
773:Fal.
762:Fab.
755:Cor.
748:Clu.
741:Cla.
734:Cam.
727:Arn.
720:Ani.
713:Aem.
690:Pal.
683:Esq.
676:Col.
654:and
624:and
599:Anio
531:pagi
349:The
233:The
156:tres
103:All
93:pagi
3812:Old
3496:Art
3269:Rex
3113:Dux
3027:Law
2474:doi
2317:doi
2301:doi
2285:doi
2196:doi
2192:146
2134:,
2122:),
1652:, "
1355:at
1238:by
1202:.
965:of
646:Mai
609:or
496:CIL
313:,
4730::
2480:.
2265:.
2190:.
2186:.
2169:.
2111:,
2049:^
1931:^
1855:^
1801:,
1791:^
1773:,
1757:,
1699:^
1661:^
1656:".
1624:^
1596:,
1592:,
1588:,
1584:,
1580:,
1576:,
1530:,
1522:,
1244:.
1171:.
1106:.
1098:,
974:.
648:;
518:r.
480:.
321:.
309:,
294:.
139:,
66:.
42:A
2790:e
2783:t
2776:v
2519:e
2512:t
2505:v
2490:.
2476::
2461:.
2440:.
2419:.
2398:.
2346:.
2319::
2314:.
2303::
2298:.
2287::
2282:.
2273:.
2240:.
2231:.
2222:.
2202:.
2198::
2177:.
2128:.
2080:.
2044:.
1882:.
1850:.
1777:.
1761:.
1745:.
1685:.
1563:.
1546:.
1470:.
1436:.
1375:.
1359:.
1311:,
1016:.
937:)
930:)
923:)
916:)
909:)
902:)
895:)
884:)
877:)
870:)
863:)
856:)
849:)
842:)
835:)
824:)
817:)
810:)
803:)
796:)
789:)
782:)
775:)
764:)
757:)
750:)
743:)
736:)
729:)
722:)
715:)
699:)
692:)
685:)
678:)
494:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
