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241:, wrote poetry that was meant to boil up from serious, contemplative reflection over the interaction of humans with their environment. Although many stress the notion of spontaneity in Romantic poetry, the movement was still greatly concerned with the difficulty of composition and of translating these emotions into poetic form. Indeed, Coleridge, in his essay
406:
age, in that he has a realistic perspective on nature. He believes that nature is not the source of joy and pleasure, but rather that people's reactions to it depend on their mood and disposition. Coleridge believed that joy does not come from external nature, but that it emanates from the human heart.
405:
Shelley was another nature poet, who believed that nature is a living thing and there is a union between nature and man. Wordsworth approaches nature philosophically, while
Shelley emphasizes the intellect. John Keats was another lover of nature, but Coleridge differs from other Romantic poets of his
216:
I have said before that poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin in emotion recollected in tranquility: the emotion is contemplated till, by a species of reaction, the tranquility gradually disappears, and an emotion, kindred to that which was before the subject of
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and the
Transcendentalist movement, itself an offshoot of Romanticism, Whitman's poetry praises nature and the individual human's role in it. However, much like Emerson, Whitman does not diminish the role of the mind or the spirit; rather, he elevates the human form and the human mind, deeming both
982:, proved enormously popular selling over 600,000 copies. In 1956, the Soviet Union became the first country in the world to honour Burns with a commemorative stamp. The poetry of Burns is taught in Russian schools alongside their own national poets. Burns was a great admirer of the
990:. Whether Burns would have recognised the same principles at work in the Soviet State at its most repressive is moot. This didn't stop the Communists from claiming Burns as one of their own and incorporating his work into their state propaganda. The post-communist years of rampant
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Pushkin is considered by many to be the central representative of
Romanticism in Russian literature; however, he can't be labelled unequivocally as a Romantic. Russian critics have traditionally argued that,during the 36 years of his life, Pushkin's works took a path from
803:. It elevated medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be from the medieval period. It also emphasized folk art, nature and an epistemology based on nature, which included human activity conditioned by nature in the form of language, custom and usage.
1045:. The idea of the creative imagination was stressed above the idea of reason, and minute elements of nature, including as insects and pebbles, were now considered divine. Nature was perceived in many different ways by the Spanish Romantics, and Instead of employing
318:, which was the product of intellect and reason, while Romantic poetry is more the product of emotion. Romantic poetry at the beginning of the nineteenth century was a reaction against the set standards, conventions of eighteenth-century poetry. According to
978:, became a symbol for the ordinary Russian people. In Soviet Russia, Burns was elevated as the archetypical poet of the people – not least since the Soviet regime slaughtered and silenced its own poets. A new translation of Burns, begun in 1924 by
245:, sees art as "the mediatress between, and reconciler of nature and man". Such an attitude reflects what might be called the dominant theme of English Romantic poetry: the filtering of natural emotion through the human mind in order to create meaning.
1768:
350:, the imagination is a spiritual force, is related to morality, and they believed that literature, especially poetry, could improve the world. The secret of great art, Blake claimed, is the capacity to imagine. To define imagination, in his poem "
278:
The
Sublime is considered one of the most important concepts in Romantic poetry. In literature, it refers to use of language and description that excites thoughts and emotions beyond ordinary experience. Although it is often associated with
503:
Romantic poetry is the poetry of sentiments, emotions and imagination. Romantic poetry opposed the objectivity of neoclassical poetry. Neoclassical poets avoided describing their personal emotions in their poetry, unlike the
Romantics..
322:, "he Romantic movement was marked, and is always marked, by a strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rule and custom which in science and theology as well as literature, generally tend to fetter the free human spirit."
1249:(1809–1849) is best known for his poetry and short stories, and is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States and American literature as a whole. Poe, however, strongly disliked transcendentalism.
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ideas of the 18th century, and lasted approximately from 1800 to 1850. Romantic poets rebelled against the style of poetry from the eighteenth century which was based around epics, odes, satires, elegies, epistles and songs.
338:, unlike the neoclassical poets. Keats said, "I am certain of nothing but of the holiness of the Heart's affections and the truth of Imagination- What the imagination seizes as beauty must be truth." For Wordsworth and
706: – also the Jena Romantics or Early Romanticism (Frühromantik) – is the first phase of Romanticism in German literature represented by the work of a group centered in Jena from about 1798 to 1804, notably
1321:. However, all of these poets are generally identified with more recent movements -- as feminists, Harlem Renaissance writers, modernists, et cetera -- and only indirectly linked with Romanticism by their critics.
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264:) represents him as a slim, tender and perhaps unhealthy boy. However, he had in reality a strong, robust and muscular body. He was the head(literal) of the Romantic Poetry Age or the Age of Romantic Poetry.
1763:
947:] which may seem Romantic in origin, but are ultimately subversive of all fixed points of view, all single outlooks, including the Romantic" and that "he is simultaneously Romantic and not Romantic".
379:. However, the Romantic poets differed in their views about nature. Wordsworth recognized nature as a living thing, teacher, god, and everything. These feelings are fully developed and expressed in his
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sold in London in a single day. However, Longfellow's popularity rapidly declined, beginning shortly after his death and into the 20th
Century as academics began to appreciate poets like Walt Whitman,
1270:. In the twentieth century, literary scholar Kermit Vanderbilt noted, "Increasingly rare is the scholar who braves ridicule to justify the art of Longfellow's popular rhymings." 20th-century poet
225:
intentionally re-imagined the way poetry should sound: "By fitting to metrical arrangement a selection of the real language of men," Wordsworth and his
English contemporaries, such as Coleridge,
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of German-speaking countries in the late-18th and early 19th centuries. Compared to
English Romanticism, German Romanticism developed relatively late, and, in the early years, coincided with
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came to the fore. Pushkin is credited with both crystallizing the literary
Russian language and introducing a new level of artistry to Russian literature. His best-known work is a novel as
375:
Love for nature is another important feature of
Romantic poetry, as a source of inspiration. This poetry involves a relationship with external nature and places, and a belief in
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and what was seen as the failure of the Analytic of the Sublime to accomplish the task set before it: bridging the gap between pure and practical reason. In a different vein,
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1256:(1807–1882), was the most popular poet of his day. He was one of the first American celebrities and was also popular in Europe, and it was reported that 10,000 copies of
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was a major influence on almost all Russian poets of the Golden Era, including Pushkin, Vyazemsky, Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, Baratynsky, Delvig and, especially, Lermontov.
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epoch of German philosophy and literature, was described as a movement against classical and realistic theories of literature, a contrast to the rationality of the
171:, an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century. It involved a reaction against prevailing
1808:. Excerpted from "Liquid Fire Within Me": Language, Self and Society in Transcendentalism and Early Evangelicalism, 1820-1860, - M.A. Thesis, 1995. Archived from
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concluded "Longfellow was minor and derivative in every way throughout his career nothing more than a hack imitator of the English Romantics." More recently, an
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In the Western cultural context, romanticism substantially contributed to the idea of what a real poet should look like. An idealized statue of a Czech man
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The effect of the romantic movement would continue to be felt in the latter half of the 19th-century in diverse literary developments, such as "realism", "
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is between 1809 and 1830, while in Europe, the period is usually seen as running between 1800 and 1850. The Swedish version was very much influenced by
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1125:. The period started around when several periodicals were published that criticised the literature of the 18th century. The important periodical
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was a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the eastern region of the United States, rooted in English and
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and, in particular, extremes of emotion were given free expression in reaction to the perceived constraints of rationalism imposed by the
524:
630:, literally "Storm and Drive", "Storm and Urge", though conventionally translated as "Storm and Stress") is a proto-Romantic movement in
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was important to the Romantics. John Keats' poetry is full of allusions to the art, literature and culture of Greece, as for example in "
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620:(1772–1805); in contrast to the seriousness of English Romanticism, the German variety of Romanticism notably valued wit, humour, and
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Melancholy occupies a prominent place in romantic poetry, and is an important source of inspiration for the Romantic poets. In '"
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There are elements of Romanticism in many later works of American poetry. The influence of Whitman is evident in the work of
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The literary concept of the sublime became important in the eighteenth century. It is associated with the 1757 treatise by
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Some writers consider romantic poetry a way for a better life. Moreover, as Heidi Thomson mentioned in her article,
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Koster, Donald N. (2002), "Influences of Transcendentalism on American Life and Literature". In Galens, David.
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451:, and Coleridge. They were attracted to exotic, remote and obscure places, and so they were more attracted to
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List Thomson H., Why Romantic Poetry Still Matters. Romanticism. 2020;26(1):38-49. doi:10.3366/rom.2020.0446
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is another important characteristic of romantic poetry, especially in the works of John Keats, for example,
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1121:. During this relatively short period, there were so many great Swedish poets, that the era is called the
1057:. The power of human emotion furthermore is emphasised during this period. Leading Romantic poets include
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from the first half of the century was dominated by Romanticism, which is associated with such authors as
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1441:"Preface to Lyrical Ballads. William Wordsworth (1800). 1909-14. Famous Prefaces. The Harvard Classics"
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has spearheaded a revival of readership and scholarly interest in the life and poetry of Longfellow.
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These years are given by Tigerstedt, E.N., Svensk litteraturhistoria (Tryckindustri AB, Solna, 1971.
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Belief in the importance of the imagination is a distinctive feature of romantic poets such as
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also grappled with similar philosophical issues in a manner different from the Jena circle.
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in their poetry. Samuel Taylor Coleridge is the leading romantic poet in this regard, and "
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1097:(in decadence since its 15th-century Golden Age), with the leading figure in poetry of
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551:. Their influence was felt in theatre, poetry, prose fiction. In a 1983 book about the
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contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the mind.
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was first published in 1855, was influenced by transcendentalism. Influenced by
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1678:Розанов. Байронизм // Словарь литературных терминов. Т. 1. — 1925 (текст)
1613:
Classical Music on CD, SACD, DVD and Blu-ray: Russian Settings of Robert Burns
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792:), a scenic walking path on the nearby Heiligenberg, overlooking Heidelberg.
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1085:, the Romantic movement was a major trigger for the Catalan Renaissance or '
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that took place from the late 1760s to the early 1780s, in which individual
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in 1864. The latter event ushered in a new era in Polish culture known as
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ended their period of association with it by initiating what would become
5023:
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955:
772:). There was a famous circle of poets, the Heidelberg Romantics, such as
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206:'s innovative poetry in his new Preface to the second edition (1800) of
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The movement was a reaction to or protest against the general state of
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294:, though it has earlier roots. The idea of the sublime was taken up by
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Basker, Michael. "Pushkin and Romanticism". In Ferber, Michael, ed.,
1440:
1421:
Romanticism : Introduction – Britannica Online Encyclopedia
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The 19th century is traditionally referred to as the "Golden Era" of
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was a literary, artistic and intellectual period in the evolution of
726:. These thinkers were primarily concerned with the problems posed by
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164:
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or other extraordinary experiences that "take us beyond ourselves."
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423:...................................................for many a time
154:
131:
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1293:; there are echoes of Transcendentalism in poems about nature by
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permitted a flowering of especially poetic talent: the names of
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in 1822. It ended with the suppression of the Polish-Lithuanian
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has been viewed as an early romantic writer with poems such as
27:
Artistic, literary, musical and intellectual genre and movement
1947:
1041:, and the earlier period of this movement overlapped with the
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818:, which began around 1820, coinciding with the publication of
609:
29:
1904:. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas Press, 1986: 33.
1305:; there are strains of Romantic individualism in writing by
1147:
that had centered on the belief in the glory of the Swedish
788:. A relic of Romanticism is the Philosophers' Walk (German:
687:
was also a notable proponent of the movement, though he and
1668:. Heritage.scotsman.com (2005-04-10). Retrieved 2012-06-17.
1541:
From the Theorems of Master Jean de La Ceppède: LXX Sonnets
1025:. During the late 18th century to the late 19th century,
579:, "was forgotten until the Romantics rediscovered him."
1939:
1345:(section Romanticism and the Croatian National Revival)
1049:, as earlier poets had done, these poets tended to use
1744:. American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1961, pp. 143-148.
1089:', which would gradually bring back prestige to the
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1411:. Academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
843:. Some other notable Polish romantic poets include
145:(1889); the group members, from left to right, are
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4979:Early-modern women (England, Wales, Great Britain)
1740:, 2 volums (Stockholm, 1963). First published as
1697:La Renaixença (The Catalan Cultural Renaissance)
1622:. Europadisc (2009-01-26). Retrieved 2012-06-17.
994:in Russia have not tarnished Burns' reputation.
443:Romantic poetry was attracted to nostalgia, and
420:
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901:. An entire new generation of poets including
604:was the dominant intellectual movement in the
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1963:
8:
1940:Contemporary Introductions to Romantic Poets
1765:The Old Norse Element in Swedish Romanticism
1728:, published by the Swedish Institute, 1989.
1135:(1811), presented a romanticised version of
427:Call'd him soft names in many a mused rhyme,
425:I have been half in love with easeful Death,
455:than to their own age. Medieval Englishman
389:. In his poem "The Tables Turn" he writes:
4408:
4394:
4386:
3173:
2306:
1970:
1956:
1948:
1706:. Lletra.UOC.edu. Retrieved on 2019-01-13.
752:Heidelberg was the centre of the epoch of
269:Characteristics of English romantic poetry
433:To cease upon the midnight with no pain.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1902:Visions and Revisions of American Poetry
1513:. Penguin classics. Penguin. p. 2.
431:Now more than ever seems it rich to die,
247:
198:In early-19th-century England, the poet
1430:. Britannica.com. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
1372:
1190:, and the transcendental philosophy of
962:became a "people's poet" in Russia. In
363:Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
1834:. New York: Hill and Wang, 2007: 7–8.
1794:, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
1687:. Feb-web.ru. Retrieved on 2012-06-17.
1472:- first delivered as a lecture in 1818
1397:
1395:
937:through Romanticism and ultimately to
4317:Romanticism and the French Revolution
1832:American Transcendentalism: A History
1634:"Sure way of getting Burns all wrong"
1484:"The Sublime: From A Poet's Glossary"
667:is considered to be the ideologue of
660:, which was first performed in 1777.
429:To take into the air my quiet breath;
7:
951:Influence of British Romantic poetry
495:" is full of supernatural elements.
283:, the sublime may also refer to the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1601:A Companion to European Romanticism
1488:The Sublime: From A Poet's Glossary
650:movements. The period is named for
1389:. Uh.edu. Retrieved on 2012-05-17.
1021:were major influences on Romantic
724:Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
359:To see a world in a grain of sand,
25:
1464:Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1914).
1331:Why Romantic Poetry Still Matters
1151:or Goths. The early 19th-century
1061:(considered the most important),
1010:Romanticism in Spanish literature
5041:
4370:
4369:
1855:, Vol. 1. Detroit: Thomson Gale.
1574:The History of Polish Literature
1252:Another American Romantic poet,
487:Most of the romantic poets used
394:One impulse from the vernal wood
34:
1853:Literary Movements for Students
1762:Benson, Adolph Burnett (1914),
1742:A History of Swedish Literature
1736:, pp. 67-68; Gustafson, Alrik,
1726:A History of Swedish Literature
1507:Rolle, R.; Wolters, C. (1981).
1259:The Courtship of Miles Standish
919:Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy
314:Romantic poetry contrasts with
45:needs additional citations for
1579:University of California Press
1232:(1819–1892), whose major work
970:were so out of touch with the
887:and later that of his protégé
760:) in Germany. The phase after
525:François-René de Chateaubriand
334:, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and
310:Reaction against neoclassicism
186:Romantic literature in English
1:
4340:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
929:followed in Pushkin's steps.
1806:"American Transcendentalism"
1775:(Columbia University Press).
1738:Svenska literature's history
1590:. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
1225:was of particular interest.
1198:. It was also influenced by
974:that Burns, translated into
681:Friedrich Maximilian Klinger
652:Friedrich Maximilian Klinger
361:And heaven in a wild flower,
1380:Introduction to Romanticism
673:Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz
302:poets including especially
5094:
4257:Coleridge's theory of life
1935:Article on Romantic Poetry
1603:. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005.
1254:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
1007:
685:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
683:also significant figures.
396:Can teach you more of man,
183:
5037:
4349:
4312:Romanticism and economics
2327:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
1351:(section Pre-Romanticism)
1243:worthy of poetic praise.
365:And eternity in an hour.
2092:German historical school
1482:mphillips (2014-10-29).
1264:Edwin Arlington Robinson
778:Johann Joseph von Görres
449:La Belle Dame Sans Merci
2739:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
1659:"From Rabbie with love"
1223:Harvard Divinity School
1155:version emphasised the
712:August Wilhelm Schlegel
577:French Wars of Religion
398:Of moral evil and good,
204:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
4322:Romanticism in science
4277:Middle Ages in history
4272:List of Romantic poets
2984:Josiah Gilbert Holland
1317:, and the work of the
1217:. The doctrine of the
1059:Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer
1029:spread in the form of
789:
782:Ludwig Achim von Arnim
774:Joseph von Eichendorff
766:Heidelberg Romanticism
748:Heidelberg Romanticism
436:
403:
368:
265:
219:
157:
143:Louis Edouard Fournier
138:The Funeral of Shelley
4292:Romantic epistemology
4282:Opium and Romanticism
2851:Stojadinović-Srpkinja
2077:Counter-Enlightenment
1900:Turco, Lewis Putnam.
1539:Keith Bosley (1983),
911:Konstantin Batyushkov
831:January 1863 Uprising
812:Romanticism in Poland
586:", and the so-called
529:Alphonse de Lamartine
521:Alexandre Dumas, père
489:supernatural elements
352:Auguries of Innocence
251:
214:
135:
4356:Age of Enlightenment
1998:England (literature)
1640:on December 11, 2004
1552:E.g. H. B. Garland,
1221:church as taught at
1186:, the skepticism of
1153:Romantic nationalist
1063:Manuel José Quintana
865:Józef Bohdan Zaleski
849:Cyprian Kamil Norwid
825:Ballads and Romances
801:Age of Enlightenment
733:Critique of Judgment
477:Ode on a Grecian Urn
416:Ode to a Nightingale
400:Then all sages can.
54:improve this article
5068:Romantic literature
4307:Romantic psychology
2102:Hudson River School
2046:Sweden (literature)
2031:Russia (literature)
1785:"Transcendentalism"
1753:Algulin, pp. 67-68.
1576:, IV, pp. 195–280.
1470:. Harvard Classics.
1343:Croatian literature
1240:Ralph Waldo Emerson
1159:as heroic figures.
1129:, published by the
742:Heinrich von Kleist
738:Friedrich Hölderlin
665:Johann Georg Hamann
591:"decadent" movement
575:cause", during the
316:Neoclassical poetry
4650:Pennsylvania Dutch
2292:White Mountain art
2233:Historical fiction
2041:Spain (literature)
1790:2010-07-11 at the
1771:2016-03-03 at the
1724:Algulin, Ingemar,
1702:2019-01-14 at the
1683:2008-10-24 at the
1664:2011-06-05 at the
1618:2011-10-07 at the
1426:2015-05-04 at the
1407:2011-04-08 at the
1385:2011-03-07 at the
1362:(Hindi literature)
1349:Serbian literature
1272:Lewis Putnam Turco
1176:Biblical criticism
1172:German Romanticism
1111:Swedish literature
1079:José de Espronceda
1077:and Spanish), and
1043:Age of Revolutions
966:times the Russian
907:Yevgeny Baratynsky
877:Russian literature
770:Berlin Romanticism
708:Friedrich Schlegel
689:Friedrich Schiller
602:German Romanticism
557:Jean de La Ceppède
348:Alessandro Manzoni
304:William Wordsworth
266:
200:William Wordsworth
158:
5055:
5054:
5048:Poetry portal
4383:
4382:
4297:Romantic medicine
4267:List of romantics
3706:
3705:
3357:Felix Mendelssohn
3352:Fanny Mendelssohn
3163:
3162:
2877:Rosalía de Castro
2815:Soares dos Passos
2163:Transcendentalism
2127:Nazarene movement
2087:Düsseldorf School
1520:978-1-61025-192-1
1355:Rhine romanticism
1202:, especially the
1168:Transcendentalism
1141:cultural movement
1139:, a 17th-century
1119:German literature
1071:Rosalía de Castro
1039:Western societies
988:French Revolution
986:ethos behind the
903:Mikhail Lermontov
889:Alexander Pushkin
861:Antoni Malczewski
853:Zygmunt Krasiński
693:Weimar Classicism
632:German literature
618:Weimar Classicism
565:Agrippa d'Aubigné
545:Théophile Gautier
513:French literature
254:Karel Hynek Mácha
130:
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69:"Romantic poetry"
16:(Redirected from
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1099:Jacint Verdaguer
1091:Catalan language
915:Nikolay Nekrasov
885:Vasily Zhukovsky
857:Tymon Zaborowski
845:Juliusz Słowacki
822:'s first poems,
786:Clemens Brentano
764:is often called
762:Jena Romanticism
704:Jena Romanticism
699:Jena Romanticism
663:The philosopher
541:Alfred de Musset
533:Gérard de Nerval
473:classical Greece
461:The Fire of Love
418:", Keats wrote:
202:defined his and
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1319:Beat Generation
1287:Langston Hughes
1247:Edgar Allan Poe
1235:Leaves of Grass
1211:intellectualism
1196:German Idealism
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923:Fyodor Tyutchev
893:sonnet sequence
873:
820:Adam Mickiewicz
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669:Sturm und Drang
657:Sturm und Drang
646:and associated
628:Sturm und Drang
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559:, English poet
549:Alfred de Vigny
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243:On Poesy or Art
223:Lyrical Ballads
209:Lyrical Ballads
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184:Main articles:
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2211:Gothic fiction
2208:
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2199:British Marine
2196:
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2099:
2097:Gothic revival
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
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2018:
2013:
2008:
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1995:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1975:
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1967:
1960:
1952:
1943:
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1937:
1930:
1927:
1924:
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1914:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1844:
1823:
1804:Finseth, Ian.
1796:
1777:
1755:
1746:
1717:
1708:
1689:
1670:
1651:
1624:
1605:
1592:
1566:Czesław Miłosz
1558:
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1474:
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1326:
1323:
1291:E. E. Cummings
1184:Schleiermacher
1164:
1161:
1132:Gothic Society
1106:
1103:
1023:Spanish poetry
1008:Main article:
1005:
1002:
980:Samuil Marshak
952:
949:
935:neo-Classicism
872:
869:
835:Russian Empire
816:Polish culture
808:
805:
790:Philosophenweg
749:
746:
700:
697:
598:
595:
555:Catholic poet
537:Charles Nodier
509:
506:
500:
497:
484:
481:
468:
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421:
411:
408:
392:
372:
369:
357:
327:
324:
311:
308:
275:
272:
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190:English poetry
181:
178:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4938:South African
4936:
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4909:
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3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
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3264:
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3257:
3251:
3248:
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3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3070:Nikolai Gogol
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
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3048:
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3041:
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3018:
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2997:
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2987:
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2727:
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2722:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:P. B. Shelley
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2681:Mary Robinson
2679:
2677:
2674:
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2669:
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2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2410:Chateaubriand
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
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2320:
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2308:
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2299:
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2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2239:Mal du siècle
2236:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1910:0-938626-49-3
1907:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1840:0-8090-3477-8
1837:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1734:91-520-0239-X
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1639:
1635:
1631:Peter Henry.
1628:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1588:0-520-04477-0
1585:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1570:"Romanticism"
1567:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1522:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1503:
1500:
1489:
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1478:
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1469:
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1460:
1457:
1446:
1442:
1436:
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1425:
1422:
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1410:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1315:Adrienne Rich
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:Carl Sandburg
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:Immanuel Kant
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1163:United States
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1067:José Zorrilla
1064:
1060:
1056:
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3045:Chavchavadze
3035:Baratashvili
2795:João de Deus
2764:Wincenty Pol
2556:Küchelbecker
2284:
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2006:(literature)
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1917:
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1882:Williams, 23
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5014:Speculative
5004:Performance
4808:Bangladeshi
4455:Azerbaijani
4428:By language
4048:Michałowski
3880:Wackenroder
3845:F. Schlegel
3840:A. Schlegel
3616:Tchaikovsky
3505:Bortkiewicz
3377:R. Schumann
3372:C. Schumann
3337:Kalkbrenner
3306:Saint-Saëns
2611:Anne Brontë
2496:Eichendorff
2481:B. v. Arnim
2476:A. v. Arnim
2286:Weltschmerz
2245:Medievalism
2194:Blue flower
2122:Nationalist
2067:Bohemianism
1979:Romanticism
1864:Bayless, 40
1402:Romanticism
1303:Gary Snyder
1137:Gothicismus
1037:throughout
1027:Romanticism
984:egalitarian
968:aristocracy
927:Afanasy Fet
881:Romanticism
758:Romanticism
563:wrote that
517:Victor Hugo
453:Middle Ages
445:medievalism
439:Medievalism
386:The Prelude
344:Victor Hugo
326:Imagination
274:The Sublime
5062:Categories
5019:Surrealist
4898:Nicaraguan
4798:Australian
4776:or culture
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3606:Rubinstein
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3367:Moszkowski
3150:Vörösmarty
3140:Shevchenko
2994:Longfellow
2918:Batyushkov
2913:Baratynsky
2882:Espronceda
2749:Mickiewicz
2744:Malczewski
2711:Wordsworth
2696:M. Shelley
2651:de Quincey
2516:Günderrode
2400:Baudelaire
2280:Wanderlust
2117:Lake Poets
1644:2009-06-10
1526:2023-05-30
1493:2018-07-13
1450:2017-11-01
1367:References
1360:Chhayavaad
1280:Dana Gioia
1204:Upanishads
1123:Golden Age
1095:literature
1087:Renaixença
1031:philosophy
998:Lord Byron
992:capitalism
840:Positivism
768:(see also
612:, and the
606:philosophy
573:Protestant
493:Kubla Khan
410:Melancholy
332:John Keats
235:Lord Byron
227:John Keats
80:newspapers
4994:Modernist
4974:Anarchist
4913:Pakistani
4828:Bulgarian
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4363:Modernism
4023:Kiprensky
3983:Géricault
3968:Friedrich
3958:Delacroix
3933:Constable
3913:Bonington
3903:Bierstadt
3855:Senancour
3830:Schelling
3785:Lamennais
3780:Khomyakov
3745:Coleridge
3740:Chaadayev
3647:Stanković
3642:Mokranjac
3561:Balakirev
3520:Moniuszko
3469:Donizetti
3464:Cherubini
3362:Meyerbeer
3347:Marschner
3322:Beethoven
3235:Moscheles
3169:Musicians
3155:Wergeland
3120:Orbeliani
3075:Grundtvig
2979:Hawthorne
2948:Zhukovsky
2943:Vyazemsky
2928:Lermontov
2887:Gutiérrez
2846:Radičević
2810:Herculano
2734:Krasiński
2676:Radcliffe
2646:Coleridge
2621:E. Brontë
2616:C. Brontë
2546:Jean Paul
2541:Hölderlin
2430:Lamartine
2367:Magalhães
2357:Guimarães
2265:Pantheism
2255:Nostalgia
2107:Indianism
2055:Movements
1986:Countries
1891:Gioia, 68
1543:, page 4.
1219:Unitarian
1083:Catalonia
972:peasantry
648:aesthetic
584:symbolism
569:epic poet
467:Hellenism
377:pantheism
285:grotesque
110:June 2016
5009:Romantic
4999:National
4984:Feminist
4928:Romanian
4918:Peruvian
4903:Nigerian
4888:Nepalese
4853:Ghanaian
4843:Estonian
4833:Canadian
4803:Austrian
4788:American
4690:Sanskrit
4680:Romanian
4625:Manipuri
4610:Maithili
4580:Kashmiri
4575:Japanese
4540:Gujarati
4500:Croatian
4460:Assamese
4450:Armenian
4440:Albanian
4375:Category
4191:Dahlhaus
4176:Blanning
4143:Scholars
4113:Tropinin
4108:Tidemand
4098:Stattler
4093:Scheffer
3993:Głowacki
3963:Edelfelt
3918:Bryullov
3860:Snellman
3835:Schiller
3825:Rousseau
3805:Michelet
3750:Constant
3720:Belinsky
3693:Sibelius
3637:Konjović
3611:Scriabin
3581:Lyapunov
3515:Lipiński
3484:Spontini
3474:Paganini
3418:Goldmark
3209:Thalberg
3204:Schubert
3184:Bruckner
3145:Topelius
3135:Runeberg
3125:Prešeren
3095:Leopardi
3060:Frashëri
3050:Eminescu
3030:Andersen
2938:Tyutchev
2923:Karamzin
2897:Zorrilla
2892:Saavedra
2790:Castilho
2778:Portugal
2769:Słowacki
2671:Polidori
2601:Barbauld
2536:Hoffmann
2491:Brentano
2405:Bertrand
2226:Romantic
2062:Ancients
2036:Scotland
1816:18 April
1788:Archived
1769:Archived
1700:Archived
1681:Archived
1662:Archived
1616:Archived
1582:, 1983.
1424:Archived
1405:Archived
1383:Archived
1337:See also
1075:Galician
1047:allegory
964:Imperial
956:Scottish
797:Romantik
754:Romantik
654:'s play
300:Romantic
298:and the
281:grandeur
147:Trelawny
4967:By type
4958:Turkish
4943:Swedish
4908:Ottoman
4883:Mexican
4878:Israeli
4848:Finnish
4838:Chicano
4813:Bosniak
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4720:Swedish
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4685:Russian
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4655:Persian
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4590:Kannada
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4570:Italian
4534:Ancient
4515:English
4495:Chinese
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4480:Bosnian
4475:Bengali
4216:Lovejoy
4151:Abraham
4073:Richard
4063:Préault
3988:Girodet
3870:Thoreau
3815:Novalis
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3755:Emerson
3735:Carlyle
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3586:Medtner
3566:Borodin
3556:Arensky
3479:Rossini
3454:Bellini
3433:Joachim
3406:Hungary
3387:Strauss
3315:Germany
3281:Berlioz
3250:Voříšek
3245:Smetana
3223:Czechia
3177:Austria
3110:Maturin
3105:Manzoni
3080:Heliade
3055:Foscolo
3025:Alfieri
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2974:Emerson
2933:Pushkin
2872:Bécquer
2805:Garrett
2759:Potocki
2706:Southey
2666:Maturin
2636:Carlyle
2593:Britain
2566:Novalis
2521:Gutzkow
2469:Germany
2435:Mérimée
2420:Gautier
2347:Barreto
2342:Azevedo
2322:Alencar
2302:Writers
2221:Byronic
2157:Purismo
2011:Germany
1993:Denmark
1194:and of
1157:Vikings
1019:England
1015:Germany
976:Russian
939:Realism
730:in the
716:Novalis
671:, with
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597:Germany
571:of the
567:, "the
180:English
167:of the
163:is the
94:scholar
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4221:de Man
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4043:Martin
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3810:Müller
3765:Goethe
3760:Fichte
3683:Franck
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3576:Glinka
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3510:Chopin
3498:Poland
3459:Busoni
3423:Heller
3392:Wagner
3327:Brahms
3301:Onslow
3291:Halévy
3259:France
3240:Reicha
3230:Dvořák
3199:Mahler
3194:Hummel
3189:Czerny
3085:Isaacs
3065:Geijer
2999:Lowell
2989:Irving
2969:Cooper
2964:Bryant
2906:Russia
2841:Njegoš
2836:Kostić
2831:Jakšić
2824:Serbia
2754:Norwid
2729:Fredro
2721:Poland
2691:Seward
2581:Uhland
2571:Schwab
2561:Mörike
2551:Kleist
2506:Goethe
2501:Fouqué
2450:Nodier
2445:Nerval
2440:Musset
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2377:Taunay
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2187:Themes
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2021:Norway
2003:France
1908:
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1301:, and
1266:, and
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1174:, the
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1105:Sweden
1055:symbol
871:Russia
807:Poland
784:, and
722:, and
622:beauty
608:, the
508:France
262:Prague
260:Park,
258:Petřín
192:, and
165:poetry
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5029:Women
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4948:Swiss
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4640:Oriya
4605:Latin
4565:Irish
4550:Hindi
4530:Greek
4510:Dutch
4421:poets
4417:Lists
4327:Bacon
4236:Rosen
4231:Ricks
4226:Nancy
4186:Blume
4181:Bloom
4103:Stroy
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4083:Runge
4033:Lampi
4018:Jones
4008:Hayez
3943:Corot
3908:Blake
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3790:Larra
3775:Hegel
3730:Burke
3688:Grieg
3678:Field
3673:Elgar
3656:Other
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3447:Italy
3438:Liszt
3428:Hubay
3413:Erkel
3397:Weber
3382:Spohr
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3332:Bruch
3296:Méhul
3286:Fauré
3276:Auber
3271:Alkan
3130:Raffi
3100:Mácha
3090:Lenau
3040:Botev
3013:Other
2865:Spain
2800:Dinis
2686:Scott
2661:Keats
2641:Clare
2631:Byron
2626:Burns
2606:Blake
2591:Great
2576:Tieck
2531:Heine
2526:Hauff
2460:Vigny
2455:Staël
2415:Dumas
2337:Assis
2332:Alves
2317:Abreu
2270:Rhine
2173:Ultra
2016:Japan
1276:essay
1228:Poet
1149:Geats
1127:Iduna
1081:. In
1004:Spain
958:poet
636:music
383:poem
155:Byron
101:JSTOR
87:books
4750:Urdu
4201:Frye
4128:Ward
4123:Veit
4078:Rude
4028:Koch
4003:Gude
3998:Goya
3948:Dahl
3938:Cole
3266:Adam
3214:Wolf
2957:U.S.
2856:Zmaj
2486:Beer
2425:Hugo
2372:Reis
2352:Dias
2216:Hero
2151:Post
2112:Jena
2082:Dark
1906:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1818:2013
1730:ISBN
1584:ISBN
1515:ISBN
1289:and
1213:and
1188:Hume
1182:and
1113:the
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1053:and
1051:myth
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610:arts
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5024:War
4419:of
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2137:Pre
2132:Neo
1278:by
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