198:(industry) develops and, together with thus, the number of circulating goods increases, and with them the needs become more and more diversified. What, with the simple way of life of nations, was done before without great injustices and oppression, turns, thanks to increased needs, into flagrant injustice, into a source of great evils. The buyer tries to take the goods away from the seller; therefore he demands freedom of trade, i.e. freedom for the seller to wander around the markets, freedom not to find a sale for goods and sell them significantly below their value. Therefore, he requires strong competition between manufacturers (
347:
209:) into separate self-sufficient bodies. Each such body, each "closed trading state" will be able to regulate its internal economic relations. It will be able to both extract and process everything that is needed to meet the needs of its citizens. It will carry out the ideal organization of production. Fichte argued for government regulation of industrial growth, writing "Only by limitation does a certain industry become the property of the class that deals with it".
3373:
782:
372:(1819), he insisted on the fact that economic science studied the means of increasing wealth too much, and the use of wealth for producing happiness, too little. Sismondi contrasted the peaceful, simple trade in goods and an age of crisis and mass unemployment. He wrote, "Let us beware of this dangerous theory of equilibrium which is supposed to be automatically established. A certain kind of
404:
242:
429:... in his works prior to 1848, waged an untiring campaign of exposure against the prevalent capitalism, against those who praised it for its unproblematic progressiveness, and against the mendacious theory that this progress served the interest of the working people." Carlyle contrasted the ordered and purposeful
504:" depicts with harrowing realism the tumultuous transition of France from feudalism to capitalism and the sorrows these bring to many peoples and classes of people, together with the joys they bring to others. In sympathy with the victims of capitalism, Balzac presents the executors of the judgment, the
394:
stated that "the reactionary point of view of the
Romantic Sismondi lies not at all in the fact that he wanted to return to the Middle Ages, but in the fact that he compared the present with the past, and not with the future, that he proved the eternal needs of society through ruins and not through
197:
and unrestrained capitalist industrial growth, stating: "There is an endless war of all against all ... And this war is becoming more fierce, unjust, more dangerous in its consequences, the more the world's population grows, the more acquisitions the trading state makes, the more production and art
535:
makes the following remark on the
Romantic perspective: "It is as ridiculous to yearn for a return to that original fullness as it is to believe that with this complete emptiness history has come to a standstill. The bourgeois viewpoint has never advanced beyond this antithesis between itself and
321:
thought in Müller's writings, which agreed so little with the spirit of the times, prevented his political ideas from exerting a more notable and lasting influence on his age, while their religious character prevented them from being justly appreciated. However, Müller's teachings had long-term
297:
of Adam Smith, he emphasizes the ethical element in national economy, the duty of the state toward the individual, and the religious basis which is also necessary in this field. Müller's importance in the history of political economy is acknowledged even by the opponents of his religious and
174:), Fichte argues, should not allow any of its "subjects" to engage in this or that production, failing to pass the preliminary test, not certifying government agents in their professional skills and agility. According to Vladimir Mikhailovich Shulyatikov, "this kind of demand was typical of
146:
109:
distinguished between "revolutionary
Romanticism", which rejected capitalism and was striving towards the future, and Romantic criticism of capitalism from the point of view of the past. They also differentiated between the Romantic writers who idealized the
289:) political economy, or the so-called industry system. He censures Smith as presenting a one-sidedly material and individualistic conception of society, and as being too exclusively English in his views. Müller is thus also an adversary of
186:, hoping by creating artificial barriers to stop the victorious march of big capital and thus save themselves from inevitable death. The same demand was imposed on the state, as is evident from Fichte's treatise, by the German "factory" (
263:
550:) of the second half of the 19th century to be a representation of economic Romanticism, writing: "The economic doctrine of the Narodniks is only a Russian variety of general European Romanticism".
492:
in his political convictions, he described everyday life in the period of France's transition from feudalism to capitalism from a position close to that of the
Romantic economists. In novels like "
456:'s economic ideas for supporting Black Emancipation by arguing that Blacks' socio-economic status depended on economic opportunities rather than heredity. Carlyle's racist justification for
3059:
797:
421:
as "one of the most astute and insightful critics of the emerging capitalist relations of production, highlighting its destructive influence over old forms of social organization in his
368:, whose theories are known as "economic Romanticism". As an economist, Sismondi represented a humanitarian protest against the dominant orthodoxy of his time. In his principal work,
254:
was the first intellectual from within the ranks of the German
Romantic movement to publish comprehensive studies on economics and the state, influenced by Fichte. Müller was a
306:, p. 763), "is not blind or hostile, but is important, and often truly helpful." Some of his ideas, freed from much of their alloy, are reproduced in the writings of the
1378:
1368:
894:
167:
had a profound influence on the economic theories of German
Romanticism. In it, Fichte argues the need for the strictest, purely guild-like regulation of industry.
417:, a promoter of German Romantic literature in Britain, was before 1848 a leading representative of the Romantic economic criticism of capitalism, characterized by
754:
675:
62:, ultimately tracing its roots back to the Romantic movement of the early 19th century, but acquiring a new impetus in the latter part of the 19th century.
802:
1893:
380:, in protesting against laissez faire and invoking the state "to regulate the progress of wealth" he was an interesting precursor of the German
205:
The only means that could save the modern world, which would destroy evil at the root, is, according to Fichte, to split the "world state" (the
72:). Their recognition of the contradictions of capitalism places them above the blind optimists who deny the existence of these contradictions."
98:
age of each nation, and that corresponds to the socialist tendency, although these learned men have no idea that the two have any connection."
3318:
971:
843:
3402:
2989:
130:
1411:
212:
Vladimir
Mikhailovich Shulyatikov considers the economics of German idealists and Romantics as representing the compromise of the German
1816:
365:
350:
78:
in 1868 also considered
Romanticism to have been the first historical trend of opposition to capitalism, to be followed by the trend of
32:
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449:
1200:
1042:
1796:
1791:
1088:
422:
612:"The Reactionary Character of Romanticism, in: A Characterisation of Economic Romanticism (Sismondi and Our Native Sismondists)"
3333:
1852:
1502:
1497:
299:
58:
in a 1984 article called "Figures of
Romantic Anti-capitalism". Romantic anti-capitalism was a wide spectrum of opposition to
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who present the bill, as monsters. Insofar as the industrialists appear at all, they are categorized as productive labor in
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125:, and criticized the "reactionary Romantics", whose sympathies for the past amounted to a defense of the interests of the
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this romantic viewpoint, and therefore the latter will accompany it as legitimate antithesis up to its blessed end."
376:, it is true, is reestablished in the long run, but it is after a frightful amount of suffering." While he was not a
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1995:
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with the division of labour and an age of anarchy in modern capitalism, and found the Middle Ages to be better.
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633:
539:
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65:
48:
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578:. New York: Duke University Press for the Cornell University Department of German Studies. pp. 42–92.
258:
writer whose vision of the state was one of an absolute power, in contrast to theorists who emphasized the
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1970:
1965:
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1004:
267:
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had written already in 1897 that "the wishes of the romanticists are very good (as are those of the
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1980:
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95:
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229:
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75:
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16:
Economic theories by Adam Müller, Simonde de
Sismondi, Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Thomas Carlyle
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1934:
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bound up with it was naturally to see everything as mediaeval and Romantic, even people like
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787:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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129:. Marx and Engels were especially fond of the works of such revolutionary romantics as
94:
are not free from this. The second reaction is to look beyond the Middle Ages into the
91:
40:
28:
228:!" On the other hand, the German capitalists of the 1800s, whose ideologists were the
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879:
Illiberal Reformers: Race, Eugenics, and American Economics in the Progressive Era
942:. Translated by Sdobnikov, Yuri & Hanna, George. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
833:
621:. Translated by Sdobnikov, Yuri & Hanna, George. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
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119:
24:
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904:. Translated by Weber Nicholsen, Shierry. New York: Columbia University Press.
528:
290:
282:
278:
194:
59:
3004:
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79:
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55:
52:
20:
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126:
806:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 159.
241:
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877:
638:
Marx-Engels Correspondence 1868, in: Collected Works of Marx and Engels
461:
430:
183:
101:
Considering Romanticism as a reflection of the age beginning after the
47:
and Robert Sayre first formulated their thesis about Romanticism as an
591:
571:
468:"intelligent social engineering" promoted early on by the progressive
322:
effects in that they were taken up again by 20th century theorists of
1261:
513:
336:
Der wahre Staat. Vorlesungen über Abbruch und Neubau der Gesellschaft
122:
817:
Lukács, György (1980). "Marx and the Problem of Ideological Decay".
583:
821:. Translated by Fernbach, David. London: Lawrence and Wishart Ltd.
517:
402:
345:
240:
144:
23:
theories of the first half of the 19th century were influenced by
232:, professed a belief in the saving effect of government tutelage.
1217:
565:
563:
953:
298:
political point of view. His reaction against Adam Smith, says
190:), more precisely, the manufacture of the early 19th century".
949:
360:
capitalism from a standpoint not decidedly feudal, was the
923:. Translated by Nicolaus, Martin. London: Penguin Press.
114:
social system: they valued those whose works concealed
216:
of the early 19th century with the monarchical State:
741:Оправдание капитализма в западноевропейской философии
512:
fashion. The parasites and bloodsuckers are only the
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2014:
1958:
1907:
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1825:
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1721:
1591:
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1392:
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1188:
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987:
768:Eastern Europe: An Historical Geography, 1815-1945
730:
728:
726:
651:
649:
647:
105:and its inherent social contradictions, Marx and
542:considered the economic theories of the Russian
917:"Grundrisse: Notebook I – The Chapter on Money"
882:(Reprint ed.). Princeton University Press.
921:Grundrisse der Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie
965:
708:
706:
704:
8:
605:
603:
601:
735:Shulyatikov, Vladimir Mikhailovich (1908).
689:Marx, Karl & Engels, Friedrich (1976).
2175:
1308:
972:
958:
950:
862:Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question
753:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
674:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
634:"Letter from Marx to Engels In Manchester"
570:Löwy, Michael & Sayre, Robert (1984).
662:Great Soviet Encyclopedia, ed. 1, vol. 49
118:and critical elements under a veneer of
835:Britain and Transnational Progressivism
559:
395:the tendencies of recent development".
370:Nouveaux principes d'économie politique
277:is defined by his strong opposition to
746:
667:
413:British philosopher and mathematician
308:historical school of German economists
3319:Romanticism and the French Revolution
695:Marx and Engels On Literature and Art
572:"Figures of Romantic Anti-Capitalism"
7:
452:. In particular, Carlyle criticised
448:were an important inspiration for
293:. In contrast with the economical
82:: "The first reaction against the
27:, most notably those developed by
14:
876:Leonard, Thomas C. (2016-01-12).
798:Sismondi, Jean Charles Leonard de
440:Carlyle's attacks on the ills of
384:, on whose theories the European
3372:
3371:
934:Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (1972) .
780:
713:Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (1800).
610:Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (1972) .
304:Geschichte der National-Ökonomik
170:The "exemplary rational state" (
388:of social benefits were based.
719:. Translated by Blunden, Andy.
697:. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
640:. London: Progress Publishers.
382:Historical school of economics
1:
3342:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
902:Notes to Literature, Volume 1
470:American Economic Association
3403:History of economic thought
893:Adorno, Theodor W. (1958).
716:The Closed Commercial State
488:in his writing style and a
281:'s system of materialistic-
224:proclaimed the principle: "
165:The Closed Commercial State
3419:
3259:Coleridge's theory of life
936:"The Heritage We Renounce"
163:'s 1800 economic treatise
3351:
3314:Romanticism and economics
1329:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
940:Collected Works, Volume 2
832:Gutzke, D. (2016-04-30).
737:"Фихте, Шеллинг, Гегель."
619:Collected Works, Volume 2
1094:German historical school
1741:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
803:Encyclopædia Britannica
656:Vishnevsky, A. (1941).
88:period of Enlightenment
3324:Romanticism in science
3279:Middle Ages in history
3274:List of Romantic poets
1986:Josiah Gilbert Holland
410:
353:
248:
234:
161:Johann Gottlieb Fichte
152:
150:Johann Gottlieb Fichte
141:Johann Gottlieb Fichte
37:Johann Gottlieb Fichte
3294:Romantic epistemology
3284:Opium and Romanticism
1853:Stojadinović-Srpkinja
1079:Counter-Enlightenment
406:
349:
244:
218:
148:
3358:Age of Enlightenment
1000:England (literature)
915:Marx, Karl (1973) .
632:Marx, Karl (1942) .
527:In a passage of the
356:The first critic of
3309:Romantic psychology
1104:Hudson River School
1048:Sweden (literature)
1033:Russia (literature)
576:New German Critique
446:classical economics
366:Simonde de Sismondi
351:Simonde de Sismondi
342:Simonde de Sismondi
230:objective idealists
178:, the German petty
33:Simonde de Sismondi
1294:White Mountain art
1235:Historical fiction
1043:Spain (literature)
498:" and especially "
495:La Comédie humaine
411:
354:
249:
202:) and merchants."
153:
3385:
3384:
3299:Romantic medicine
3269:List of romantics
2708:
2707:
2359:Felix Mendelssohn
2354:Fanny Mendelssohn
2165:
2164:
1879:Rosalía de Castro
1817:Soares dos Passos
1165:Transcendentalism
1129:Nazarene movement
1089:Düsseldorf School
859:Carlyle, Thomas.
845:978-0-230-61497-0
819:Essays on Realism
501:Illusions perdues
460:evolved into the
450:U.S. progressives
442:industrialisation
427:French Revolution
338:, Vienna, 1921).
275:political economy
103:French Revolution
84:French Revolution
3410:
3375:
3374:
3334:Evolution theory
2176:
1309:
1170:Ukrainian school
974:
967:
960:
951:
944:
943:
931:
925:
924:
912:
906:
905:
899:
895:"Reading Balzac"
890:
884:
883:
873:
867:
866:
856:
850:
849:
829:
823:
822:
814:
808:
807:
786:
784:
783:
777:
771:
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759:
758:
752:
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732:
721:
720:
710:
699:
698:
686:
680:
679:
673:
665:
653:
642:
641:
629:
623:
622:
616:
607:
596:
595:
567:
482:Honoré de Balzac
458:economic statism
454:John Stuart Mill
273:His position in
3418:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3380:
3369:
3361:
3347:
3304:Romantic poetry
3289:Romantic ballet
3264:German idealism
3247:
3213:Lacoue-Labarthe
3139:
2886:
2704:
2653:
2622:
2603:Rimsky-Korsakov
2546:
2495:
2444:
2403:
2312:
2256:
2220:
2161:
2010:
1954:
1903:
1862:
1821:
1775:
1717:
1658:Maria Edgeworth
1594:
1587:
1466:
1388:
1298:
1277:Romantic genius
1207:Gesamtkunstwerk
1184:
1145:Sturm und Drang
1052:
983:
978:
948:
947:
933:
932:
928:
914:
913:
909:
897:
892:
891:
887:
875:
874:
870:
858:
857:
853:
846:
831:
830:
826:
816:
815:
811:
796:, ed. (1911). "
792:
781:
779:
778:
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766:
762:
745:
734:
733:
724:
712:
711:
702:
688:
687:
683:
666:
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645:
631:
630:
626:
614:
609:
608:
599:
569:
568:
561:
556:
478:
401:
344:
328:corporate state
239:
193:Fichte opposed
182:, the class of
143:
49:anti-capitalist
17:
12:
11:
5:
3416:
3414:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3390:
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3306:
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3255:
3253:
3252:Related topics
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3195:
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3007:
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2987:
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2980:Gallen-Kallela
2977:
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2962:
2957:
2955:David d'Angers
2952:
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2896:
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2892:Visual artists
2888:
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2117:Oehlenschläger
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1953:
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1947:
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1932:
1927:
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1917:
1911:
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1827:
1823:
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1814:
1809:
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1799:
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1787:Castelo Branco
1783:
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1565:
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1513:Brothers Grimm
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1465:
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1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1215:
1213:Gothic fiction
1210:
1203:
1201:British Marine
1198:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1099:Gothic revival
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
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985:
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962:
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946:
945:
926:
907:
885:
868:
851:
844:
824:
809:
794:Chisholm, Hugh
772:
760:
722:
700:
681:
643:
624:
597:
584:10.2307/488156
558:
557:
555:
552:
540:Vladimir Lenin
522:industrialists
510:Saint-Simonian
506:finance people
480:French author
477:
474:
433:labour in the
415:Thomas Carlyle
408:Thomas Carlyle
400:
399:Thomas Carlyle
397:
392:Vladimir Lenin
386:welfare states
343:
340:
330:, for example
238:
235:
142:
139:
66:Vladimir Lenin
53:anti-modernist
41:Thomas Carlyle
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3415:
3404:
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3399:
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2723:
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2717:
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2711:
2701:
2698:
2696:
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2400:
2397:
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2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Nikolai Gogol
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
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1788:
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1784:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1769:
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1764:
1762:
1759:
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1754:
1752:
1749:
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1744:
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1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:P. B. Shelley
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:Mary Robinson
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
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1634:
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1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
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1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1412:Chateaubriand
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1241:Mal du siècle
1238:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
992:
990:
986:
982:
975:
970:
968:
963:
961:
956:
955:
952:
941:
937:
930:
927:
922:
918:
911:
908:
903:
896:
889:
886:
881:
880:
872:
869:
864:
863:
855:
852:
847:
841:
837:
836:
828:
825:
820:
813:
810:
805:
804:
799:
795:
790:
789:public domain
776:
773:
769:
764:
761:
756:
750:
742:
738:
731:
729:
727:
723:
718:
717:
709:
707:
705:
701:
696:
692:
685:
682:
677:
671:
663:
659:
652:
650:
648:
644:
639:
635:
628:
625:
620:
613:
606:
604:
602:
598:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
566:
564:
560:
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:
497:
496:
491:
487:
484:, although a
483:
475:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:György Lukács
416:
409:
405:
398:
396:
393:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
358:laissez-faire
352:
348:
341:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
296:
295:individualism
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
260:rights of man
257:
253:
247:
243:
236:
233:
231:
227:
226:Laissez faire
223:
217:
215:
210:
208:
207:global market
203:
201:
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:Vernunftstaat
168:
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46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3340:
3313:
3060:Porto-Alegre
2714:Philosophers
2598:Rachmaninoff
2047:Chavchavadze
2037:Baratashvili
1797:João de Deus
1766:Wincenty Pol
1558:Küchelbecker
1286:
1252:Noble savage
1239:
1205:
1180:Wallenrodism
1157:
1143:
1074:Coppet group
1008:(literature)
939:
929:
920:
910:
901:
888:
878:
871:
861:
854:
838:. Springer.
834:
827:
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812:
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763:
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694:
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627:
618:
575:
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526:
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479:
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412:
390:
369:
355:
335:
332:Othmar Spann
312:
303:
272:
256:conservative
250:
219:
211:
204:
199:
192:
187:
180:middle class
175:
171:
169:
164:
159:philosopher
154:
100:
74:
64:
45:Michael Löwy
18:
3398:Romanticism
3050:Michałowski
2882:Wackenroder
2847:F. Schlegel
2842:A. Schlegel
2618:Tchaikovsky
2507:Bortkiewicz
2379:R. Schumann
2374:C. Schumann
2339:Kalkbrenner
2308:Saint-Saëns
1613:Anne Brontë
1498:Eichendorff
1483:B. v. Arnim
1478:A. v. Arnim
1288:Weltschmerz
1247:Medievalism
1196:Blue flower
1124:Nationalist
1069:Bohemianism
981:Romanticism
658:"Романтизм"
435:Middle Ages
374:equilibrium
324:corporatism
319:feudalistic
315:reactionary
285:(so-called
264:Montesquieu
252:Adam Müller
246:Adam Müller
237:Adam Müller
222:physiocrats
220:The French
214:bourgeoisie
200:Fabrikanten
176:Mittelstand
120:reactionary
29:Adam Müller
25:Romanticism
3392:Categories
2925:Chassériau
2900:Aivazovsky
2608:Rubinstein
2593:Mussorgsky
2542:Wieniawski
2527:Paderewski
2369:Moszkowski
2152:Vörösmarty
2142:Shevchenko
1996:Longfellow
1920:Batyushkov
1915:Baratynsky
1884:Espronceda
1751:Mickiewicz
1746:Malczewski
1713:Wordsworth
1698:M. Shelley
1653:de Quincey
1518:Günderrode
1402:Baudelaire
1282:Wanderlust
1119:Lake Poets
554:References
529:Grundrisse
520:, not the
490:monarchist
466:eugenicist
364:economist
291:free trade
279:Adam Smith
195:free trade
116:democratic
60:capitalism
3365:Modernism
3025:Kiprensky
2985:Géricault
2970:Friedrich
2960:Delacroix
2935:Constable
2915:Bonington
2905:Bierstadt
2857:Senancour
2832:Schelling
2787:Lamennais
2782:Khomyakov
2747:Coleridge
2742:Chaadayev
2649:Stanković
2644:Mokranjac
2563:Balakirev
2522:Moniuszko
2471:Donizetti
2466:Cherubini
2364:Meyerbeer
2349:Marschner
2324:Beethoven
2237:Moscheles
2171:Musicians
2157:Wergeland
2122:Orbeliani
2077:Grundtvig
1981:Hawthorne
1950:Zhukovsky
1945:Vyazemsky
1930:Lermontov
1889:Gutiérrez
1848:Radičević
1812:Herculano
1736:Krasiński
1678:Radcliffe
1648:Coleridge
1623:E. Brontë
1618:C. Brontë
1548:Jean Paul
1543:Hölderlin
1432:Lamartine
1369:Magalhães
1359:Guimarães
1267:Pantheism
1257:Nostalgia
1109:Indianism
1057:Movements
988:Countries
749:cite book
743:. Moscow.
691:"Preface"
670:cite book
664:. Moscow.
548:Narodniks
544:populists
533:Karl Marx
378:socialist
287:classical
96:primitive
80:socialism
76:Karl Marx
70:Narodniks
56:worldview
3377:Category
3193:Dahlhaus
3178:Blanning
3145:Scholars
3115:Tropinin
3110:Tidemand
3100:Stattler
3095:Scheffer
2995:Głowacki
2965:Edelfelt
2920:Bryullov
2862:Snellman
2837:Schiller
2827:Rousseau
2807:Michelet
2752:Constant
2722:Belinsky
2695:Sibelius
2639:Konjović
2613:Scriabin
2583:Lyapunov
2517:Lipiński
2486:Spontini
2476:Paganini
2420:Goldmark
2211:Thalberg
2206:Schubert
2186:Bruckner
2147:Topelius
2137:Runeberg
2127:Prešeren
2097:Leopardi
2062:Frashëri
2052:Eminescu
2032:Andersen
1940:Tyutchev
1925:Karamzin
1899:Zorrilla
1894:Saavedra
1792:Castilho
1780:Portugal
1771:Słowacki
1673:Polidori
1603:Barbauld
1538:Hoffmann
1493:Brentano
1407:Bertrand
1228:Romantic
1064:Ancients
1038:Scotland
423:writings
326:and the
268:Rousseau
262:such as
184:artisans
157:idealist
127:nobility
86:and the
21:economic
19:Several
3218:Lovejoy
3153:Abraham
3075:Richard
3065:Préault
2990:Girodet
2872:Thoreau
2817:Novalis
2802:Mazzini
2797:Maistre
2772:Hazlitt
2757:Emerson
2737:Carlyle
2727:Berchet
2670:Berwald
2665:Bennett
2634:Hristić
2588:Medtner
2568:Borodin
2558:Arensky
2481:Rossini
2456:Bellini
2435:Joachim
2408:Hungary
2389:Strauss
2317:Germany
2283:Berlioz
2252:Voříšek
2247:Smetana
2225:Czechia
2179:Austria
2112:Maturin
2107:Manzoni
2082:Heliade
2057:Foscolo
2027:Alfieri
2022:Abovian
1976:Emerson
1935:Pushkin
1874:Bécquer
1807:Garrett
1761:Potocki
1708:Southey
1668:Maturin
1638:Carlyle
1595:Britain
1568:Novalis
1523:Gutzkow
1471:Germany
1437:Mérimée
1422:Gautier
1349:Barreto
1344:Azevedo
1324:Alencar
1304:Writers
1223:Byronic
1159:Purismo
1013:Germany
995:Denmark
791::
518:usurers
514:bankers
486:realist
462:elitist
444:and on
431:artisan
425:on the
300:Roscher
283:liberal
155:German
135:Shelley
123:utopias
3243:Wellek
3223:de Man
3208:Janion
3198:Ferber
3173:Berlin
3168:Beiser
3163:Barzun
3158:Abrams
3135:Wiertz
3120:Turner
3070:Révoil
3055:Palmer
3045:Martin
3040:Leutze
3015:Janmot
2975:Fuseli
2930:Church
2822:Quinet
2812:Müller
2767:Goethe
2762:Fichte
2685:Franck
2627:Serbia
2578:Glinka
2551:Russia
2537:Tausig
2532:Stolpe
2512:Chopin
2500:Poland
2461:Busoni
2425:Heller
2394:Wagner
2329:Brahms
2303:Onslow
2293:Halévy
2261:France
2242:Reicha
2232:Dvořák
2201:Mahler
2196:Hummel
2191:Czerny
2087:Isaacs
2067:Geijer
2001:Lowell
1991:Irving
1971:Cooper
1966:Bryant
1908:Russia
1843:Njegoš
1838:Kostić
1833:Jakšić
1826:Serbia
1756:Norwid
1731:Fredro
1723:Poland
1693:Seward
1583:Uhland
1573:Schwab
1563:Mörike
1553:Kleist
1508:Goethe
1503:Fouqué
1452:Nodier
1447:Nerval
1442:Musset
1394:France
1384:Varela
1379:Taunay
1364:Macedo
1312:Brazil
1262:Ossian
1189:Themes
1028:Poland
1023:Norway
1005:France
842:
785:
592:488156
590:
476:Others
188:Fabrik
112:feudal
107:Engels
3329:Bacon
3238:Rosen
3233:Ricks
3228:Nancy
3188:Blume
3183:Bloom
3105:Stroy
3090:Saleh
3085:Runge
3035:Lampi
3020:Jones
3010:Hayez
2945:Corot
2910:Blake
2877:Tieck
2867:Staël
2792:Larra
2777:Hegel
2732:Burke
2690:Grieg
2680:Field
2675:Elgar
2658:Other
2491:Verdi
2449:Italy
2440:Liszt
2430:Hubay
2415:Erkel
2399:Weber
2384:Spohr
2344:Loewe
2334:Bruch
2298:Méhul
2288:Fauré
2278:Auber
2273:Alkan
2132:Raffi
2102:Mácha
2092:Lenau
2042:Botev
2015:Other
1867:Spain
1802:Dinis
1688:Scott
1663:Keats
1643:Clare
1633:Byron
1628:Burns
1608:Blake
1593:Great
1578:Tieck
1533:Heine
1528:Hauff
1462:Vigny
1457:Staël
1417:Dumas
1339:Assis
1334:Alves
1319:Abreu
1272:Rhine
1175:Ultra
1018:Japan
898:(PDF)
615:(PDF)
588:JSTOR
362:Swiss
131:Byron
92:Grimm
3203:Frye
3130:Ward
3125:Veit
3080:Rude
3030:Koch
3005:Gude
3000:Goya
2950:Dahl
2940:Cole
2268:Adam
2216:Wolf
1959:U.S.
1858:Zmaj
1488:Beer
1427:Hugo
1374:Reis
1354:Dias
1218:Hero
1153:Post
1114:Jena
1084:Dark
840:ISBN
755:link
676:link
516:and
464:and
317:and
313:The
266:and
133:and
51:and
39:and
2700:Sor
2573:Cui
2006:Poe
1139:Pre
1134:Neo
800:".
770:p23
580:doi
3394::
3355:←
938:.
919:.
900:.
751:}}
747:{{
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725:^
703:^
693:.
672:}}
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646:^
636:.
617:.
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586:.
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3368:→
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