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acting as the town's waterfront police officer. For instance, she created and imposed curfews at the wharves to keep boys' behavior in order. She was the only person responsible for law and order in
Annapolis for a time and is said to be the first female police officer on the American continent. She worked into her 70s.
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The business she founded was continued by family for several generations as a stevedore and cartage company, later led by her grandson-in-law Albert Lewis as the Lewis
Transfer Company, remaining in business until 1960 or 1980. Albert was married to Fortune's granddaughter Amberzene Lewis. Her direct
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She was well known by the town's leaders and she had limited competition due to her reputation. Her strength, trustworthiness, honesty and constant presence on the waterfront led her to become entrusted with safeguarding property and maintaining order on the wharves and warehouses of
Annapolis Royal,
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in 1783. She had at least three children and is thought to have been married twice. At about 50 years of age she began a business transporting luggage in a wheelbarrow from the
Annapolis ferry docks to hotels and houses. By the early 1840s, she was using horse-drawn carriages to convey the luggage.
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When Black
Loyalists, like Fortune, came to Nova Scotia they were subject to racial prejudice, barriers to opportunities, and economic marginalization, in which they did not receive pay commensurate with white people. She was also subject to physical threats as a woman. Fortune became a "respected
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She started her own business when Black
Canadians and especially women were not encouraged to do so. Around 1825, Rose began carting passengers’ luggage between the Saint John-Digby-Annapolis ferry docks and nearby homes and hotels. She also met ferries from Boston. She became a trusted figure for
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who supported the
British during the war and at the end of the war were transported from New York to Nova Scotia, a British territory. In 1783, they relocated to Annapolis Royal, when she was 10 or more years old. She was enumerated under the column "child above ten" on the Annapolis County muster
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Fortune was married several times, as noted in the St. Luke's Church of
England record books. She had two daughters and at least three children. One was Jane Fortune, who married Isaac Godfrey. Her son, John, married the sister of Isaac, Hester Godfrey, on January 13, 1838. Her daughter Margaret
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on April 29, 1773. Fortune and Aminta ran away on April 20. Fortune was thought to have been about 40 years of age (born about 1733), of a slim build, and about six feet tall. He left with warm clothing. Aminta appeared to be Native
American with long black hair and around 30 years of age (born
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about 1743). Besides the clothes she was wearing, she ran away with a quilt. Bradley offered an award of three pounds. Fortune and Aminta were brought to
Virginia from Rhode Island by Captain John Atkinson. Aminta's mother was said to have come to Rhode Island from the
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In 1841, her business became known as Lewis Transfer and that year, or three years later, she used horse-drawn wagons to transport luggage. She woke up guests at inns so that they could meet their ferries on time. One of her regular customers was
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In her later years, she had severe rheumatism and lived near the Union Bank. Rose Fortune died in Nova Scotia on February 20, 1864 at around the age of 90. Her funeral was held at St. Luke's, Church of England, Annapolis Royal. She was buried at
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Newspaper of April 21, 1773, we now know that Rose Fortune had ancestors that came from not only Africa but also South America and Madagascar. Brenda J. Thompson, author from Annapolis Royal, had DNA tests performed on three of Rose Fortune's
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John and Hester Fortune had two children, George who died during childbirth and a daughter Joanna Fortune who married George Moses. John and Hester lived in the Annapolis Royal area. John was dead by 1871. Hester lived to at least
220:... and dressed in a man’s coat and felt hat; she had a small stick in her hand which she applied lustily to the backs of all who did not jump instantly out of the way. Poor old dame! She was evidently a privileged character.
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on July 20, 2019, at the waterfront of Annapolis Royal where Rose once worked. It is mounted on a granite boulder donated by Fred Bailey, one of Fortune's descendants, which came from the family's land in
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Jane's husband, Isaac Godfrey was the son of Edward Godfrey, a Black Loyalist. They were married on December 21, 1830, but had no children. They are buried near the Court House in the Garrison cemetery.
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in 2017. Created by sculptor Brad Hall, it uses a stylized wheelbarrow made of iron and stone to evoke her work and the business she founded on the waterfront. The wheelbarrow forms a memorial bench.
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A scholarship, Peter Butler III–Rose Fortune Scholarship Program, was established by the Association of Black Law Enforcers in memory of the initial black police officers in Canada.
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when they pledged to be loyal to the British Army in exchange for their freedom. At around the age of 10, Rose was among the approximately 3,000 Black Loyalists who sailed from
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Rose Fortune was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania about March 13, 1774, to her parents Fortune and Aminta, of African, Madagascarian, and South American descent.
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As the result of DNA tests of three of Rose Fortune's descendants and as a result of the runaway slave advertisement of Fortune and Aminta placed in the Virginia
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in North America when she instituted and enforced curfews to keep the streets safe at night. Fortune is remembered for her business sense, strength, and courage.
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and prominent member of the community" by making her own opportunities. Now she is known among the African-Canadian community for her strength and pride.
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1048:"Black Loyalist Rose Fortune recognized for historical significance: New plaque unveiled on Annapolis Royal waterfront a lasting legacy"
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Between 1842 and 1856, Margaret and John Francis had six children who were baptised in Digby at the Trinity Church of England.
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roll for her father Fortune in June 1784. Baptismal records of Rev. Roger Veits seem to indicate that Rose was living in
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travellers, helping them find accommodation and ensuring they made their connections to schooners and steamships.
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I was aided in my hasty efforts to quit the abominable inn by a curious old Negro woman, rather stunted in growth
773:"Muster roll of discharged officers, disbanded soldiers and Loyalists taken in Annapolis County 18-24 June 1784"
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A year before her birth, her parents were identified in a runaway slave advertisement in Virginia. Written in
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Rose Fortune is also said to have been born in Virginia, but her parents ran away from Virginia in 1773.
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African Heritage Trail. In May 2015, Rose Fortune's first name was bestowed upon the new ferry, the
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in an unmarked location. A monument was created to commemorate her and installed in the cemetery on
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She was not on any of the lists of ships that carried Black Loyalists to Nova Scotia.
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in 1984, being the first African-Canadian woman in Canada to attain that position.
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892:"What's in a street name? Rose Fortune: Black Loyalist, female cop, entrepreneur"
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Finding Fortune- Documenting and Imagining the Life of Rose Fortune (1774-1864)
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Finding Fortune- Documenting and Imagining the Life of Rose Fortune (1774-1864)
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861:"Rose Fortune, Canada's 1st Female Police Officer, Born On This Day In 1774"
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964:"Good Fortune -- Annapolis Royal honours its most famous Black Loyalist"
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Government of Canada Announces New National Historic Designations
587:"Run away, last night, from the Subscriber - Fortune and Aminta"
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482:. Halifax, Nova Scotia: SSP Publications. pp. 114–116.
808:. The Canadian Encyclopedia. March 25, 2008. Archived from
1010:"Fundy Rose is the name of the new Digby Saint John ferry"
997:. Valley African Nova Scotian Development Association.
917:"The Rose Fortune Peter Butler III police scholarship"
616:. Halifax, Nova Scotia: SSP Publications. p. 37.
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on January 12, 2018. The plaque was installed by the
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The Rose Fortune Peter Butler III police scholarship
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Lieutenant-Colonel Sleigh of the 77th Regiment, 1852
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703:"Rose Fortune (c.1774-1864) - History and culture"
441:She is also said to have died of February 20, 1867
243:Fortune helped other blacks escape slavery on the
555:100 Canadian Heroines: Famous and Forgotten Faces
247:by leading runaways to locations that were safe.
934:"Rose Fortune Monument Unveiling and Dedication"
147:by William Bradley, the ad was published in the
984:, Halifax: Nimbus Publishing (2002), p. 26, 154
240:Fortune married John Francis of Digby by 1842.
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922:. Canadian Association of Black Law Enforcers.
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1334:See also Sierra Leone settlers below
1065:Brenda J. Thompson, "Rose Fortune",
342:, just outside of Annapolis Royal.
962:Powell, Lawrence (July 12, 2017).
515:"Rose Fortune, a special Canadian"
254:Rose Fortune's memorial marker in
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1504:Loyalists who settled Nova Scotia
859:Chandler, D.L. (March 13, 2013).
164:Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres
135:Run Away notice, April 29, 1773,
1067:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
187:, Nova Scotia in the year 1795.
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1489:Canadian women police officers
1074:Famous Canadians: Rose Fortune
748:"Rose Fortune (ca. 1774-1864)"
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1509:Black Canadian businesspeople
1046:Cooke, Alex (July 21, 2019).
890:Ingram, Katie (May 3, 2019).
552:Forster, Merna (2004-11-01).
1499:Businesspeople from Virginia
612:Thompson, Brenda J. (2019).
478:Thompson, Brenda J. (2019).
199:St. George Street, Annapolis
139:regarding Fortune and Aminta
116:She became the first female
593:. April 21, 1773. p. 3
558:. Dundurn. pp. 88–89.
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1286:Port Rosey (now Shelburne)
1179:American Revolutionary War
968:Annapolis County Spectator
677:Annapolis Heritage Society
210:Thomas Chandler Haliburton
176:American Revolutionary War
105:American Revolutionary War
1192:Black Company of Pioneers
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519:African American Registry
364:is the story of her life.
324:Saint John, New Brunswick
303:The Rose Fortune Gate in
28:
1484:Canadian police officers
1246:involved in Emancipation
1232:Petition of Free Negroes
1168:Philipsburg Proclamation
982:Historic Annapolis Royal
331:National Historic Person
56:Province of Pennsylvania
1069:, Volume IX (1861-1870)
362:Rhythm Stick to Freedom
287:, was elected Mayor of
235:Personal life and death
1309:Colonel Stephen Blucke
1162:Dunmore's Proclamation
1141:United Empire Loyalist
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16:Canadian businesswoman
1346:Sierra Leone Settlers
812:on September 30, 2007
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185:Freeport, Long Island
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1365:Sierra Leone Company
1253:General Samuel Birch
1014:Digby County Courier
896:The Chronicle Herald
777:Nova Scotia archives
752:Nova Scotia Archives
591:The Virginia Gazette
329:Fortune was named a
305:Bedford, Nova Scotia
245:Underground Railroad
145:Petersburg, Virginia
1479:Black Nova Scotians
1440:The Book of Negroes
1375:Sierra Leone people
1301:Black Nova Scotians
1126:Slavery in the U.S.
318:to operate between
170:, Nova Scotia, 1781
1197:Ethiopian Regiment
709:. January 11, 2018
349:In popular culture
320:Digby, Nova Scotia
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1324:Richard Pierpoint
1319:Rev. John Marrant
1008:Riley, Jonathan.
623:978-1-989347-04-1
565:978-1-55002-952-9
489:978-1-989347-04-1
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256:Garrison Cemetery
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1474:1864 deaths
1469:1774 births
1403:Boston King
1398:John Kizell
1268:Nova Scotia
1050:. CBC News.
1019:4 September
278:Descendants
174:During the
113:Nova Scotia
103:during the
85:Nationality
78:Nova Scotia
1463:Categories
1446:miniseries
458:References
315:Fundy Rose
272:Canada Day
124:Early life
44:1774-03-13
1276:Birchtown
1234:(Niagara)
1206:Post-war
1136:Loyalists
944:March 23,
901:March 23,
870:March 23,
841:March 22,
816:March 22,
783:March 22,
757:March 22,
713:March 23,
682:March 22,
597:March 23,
524:March 23,
360:The film
268:Fort Anne
1432:In media
1227:Merikins
865:News One
340:Lequille
313:MV
223:—
89:Canadian
392:Gazette
355:Fortune
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369:Notes
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