Rose window - Knowledge (XXG)

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spaces, without resorting to large windows offering external visibility. They rarely form a dominant visual element to either the façade or the interior as do the great Gothic windows. However, there are some notable exceptions, in particular the glorious burst of light which pours through the oval alabaster window depicting the

1047:, the transepts roses follow the style of the original 12th-century rose, elaborating on the theme of contrasting forms. The south rose combines the wheel with circles and semicircles, while the north rose introduces square lights which, rotating around the centre, are all set at different angles, creating a 494: 1821:

The first rose windows that used dividing pieces and adornments first appeared basically at the same time in Italy at San Zeno at Verona, in Tuscany and in France at Saint-Denis and Saint-Etienne at Beauvais. At this time it was just as much of a useful structure tailored for interior drama as it was

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This began the revolution of rose windows, in the sense that no Gothic church or cathedral, was complete without one. Rose Windows became a standard part of Gothic architecture. With the overwhelming desire to have rose windows everywhere, came the mixed reviews of craftsmanship and design, compared

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saw much greater use of ocular windows, which were not always circular, but frequently oval or of a more complex shape. They were untraceried or crossed by mullions of very simple form but were often surrounded by ornate carving. The purpose of such windows was the subtle illumination of interior

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The name "wheel window" is often applied to a window divided by simple spokes radiating from a central boss or opening, while the term "rose window" is reserved for those windows, sometimes of a highly complex design, which can be seen to bear similarity to a multi-petalled rose. Rose windows are

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A product already have been invented in the Middle Ages, stained glass only had appeared in the rose window at the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis. However, it started to become more popular around the earlier part of the 1200s, often the money for the glass, being donated by the wealthy.

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and may be seen in all the major Gothic cathedrals of Northern France. Their origins are much earlier than Gothic architecture, however, and rose windows may be seen in various forms throughout the Medieval period. Their popularity was revived, with other medieval features, during the

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Notre-Dame was considered a great architectural accomplishment in many ways including the rose window. The west rose window is nearly 33 ft in diameter with a spider web like frame for great support. It also has one of the highest ratio of glass and stone of any other rose

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The most important identifying thing about the oculi style was that a technically, in the traditional sense, wasn't a window. This was due to the fact that, there was no glass separating the inside of the building from the outside. Sometimes they would have metal grate bars in

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The last step in evolution of the Gothic style was to set the rose into a tier of vertical lights, of staggered height and surmount it by a tapering pointed light so that it became the centre of a vast window composition, covering the whole end of the transepts, as in

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The wheel window style refers to when architects started to putting glass within the oculi structure creating an actual window. This was due to when architects tried increasing the diameter of the oculi to let in more light, the problem of wind and rain became very

1538:". However, the specific association of Mary with the rose window is unlikely during the Medieval period, because the term "rose window" was not coined until the 17th century, a time when few such windows were being constructed. However, with the revival of the 159:

of spokes radiating either from a central boss or from a central roundel. Popular during the Romanesque period and Gothic Italy, they are found across Europe but particularly Germany and Italy. They also occur in Romanesque Revival buildings of the 19th and 20th

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Around 1205 the Laon Cathedral's choir was upgraded to also house a large rose window which was subdivided by mullions (slender dividing bars). Along with some other tall windows this was considered one of the greatest examples of Gothic art from the early 13th

208:: The style is marked by S-curves in the tracery causing each light to take on a flamelike or "flamboyant" shape. Many windows are composed of fairly regularly shaped lights the richness of design dependent on the multiplicity of parts. Good examples are at 2479: 1086:

The rose window was often placed above a row of vertical lights as the apex of the composition, the small corner "spandrels" between the rose and lower tier being filled by smaller lights of rose form, as in the transepts of St Denis and Notre Dame.

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France has a great number of medieval rose windows, many containing ancient glass. In northern France, a rose window is usually the central feature of the facade. The transept facades commonly contain rose windows as well. Examples can be seen at

548: 845:, is the 12th- and 13th-century Romanesque style Basilica of St Procopius with apsidal windows similar to those at Worms, but in this case the openings are filled with tracery of a Gothic form, clearly marking the transition to a new style. 976:

Suger's original rose window in the prototype Gothic façade of St Denis probably pre-dates many of the remaining circular windows in Romanesque buildings such as those in England, at Trebic and Spoleto and that in the façade at Speyer.

738:, is the earliest known example of an axially placed oculus with tracery. Several such windows of different sizes exist, and decoration of both Greek Cross and scalloped petal-like form occur, prefiguring both wheel and rose windows. 530: 1642:

Some were elaborately decorated with carved ornament and symbols of the Evangelist. Also it was common for them to be decorated with images of lions, bulls, eagles, and angels. With that being said, most had little-to-no

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In the facades of St Denis, Chartres, Mantes, Laon and Paris, the rose was put under a circular arch. The next important development in its use for the Gothic style was to put it under a pointed arch, as was done in the

514: 1003:. This remarkable window combines a large roundel at the centre with the radiating spokes of a wheel window, surrounded by a ring of smaller “plate tracery” lights with scalloped borders. The window, depicting the 166:: Rose windows with pierced openings rather than tracery occur in the transition between Romanesque and Gothic, particularly in France and most notably at Chartres. The most notable example in England is the north 2354: 2467: 1798:“Plate” refers to a technique that came about in the 5th and 6th century in Syria, where when carving designs, an artist would take a single flat slab or piece of stone and carve one complete design with it. 795:

churches and cathedrals, particularly in Germany and Italy where the style existed for a prolonged period, overlapping the development of Gothic in France and its arrival with French architects in England.

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Small circular windows such as that at S. Agnese and Torcello as well as unglazed decorative circular recesses continued to be used in churches in Italy, gaining increasing popularity in the later

1022:(which also, unusually, has a rose window in its eastern end as well as in it transept ends). These windows have large lights contained in tracery of a semicircular form, like overlapping petals. 198:

and other such shapes. Many of the largest rose windows in France are of this type, notably those at Paris and in the transepts of St Denis. An example in England is that in the north transept of

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1180–90 marked the date for the two transept large rose windows which were made up of several juxtaposed multi-foils. These stood out in particular for their importance in interior lighting.

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in Baños de Cerrato. The scarcity and the brittleness of the vestiges of this time does not make it possible to say that complete rose window in tracery did not exist in early Middle Ages.

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brought the design of this attractive window to Europe, introducing it to churches. But the decorative pattern for rose and, independently, the tracery, are very present in vestiges of the

597: 305: 2370: 662: 216:, Paris. Some Late Gothic rose windows are of immense complexity of design, often using elements of the Gothic style in unexpected ways. A magnificent example is that of the façade of 1795:“Tracery” refers to the pattern within the window itself. Over the course of time tracery will evolve and change into three different distinct patterns: geometric, flower, and flame. 613: 3263: 194:: The rose windows are divided by mullions radiating from a central roundel, overlapping in a complex design, each light terminating in a pointed arch and often interspersed with 2436: 707:

in Spain are several churches of the late 9th and early 10th century which display a remarkable array of windows containing the earliest examples of roses windows outside the

184:, Italy and England. This style of window is popular in Gothic Revival architecture for the similarity that it has to a flower and is also utilised with specific reference to 365: 1902:

Besides, showing up later in Rhenish art around 1200, the circular window was almost never used in Romanesque architecture and never considered to be important for lighting.

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who was very concerned about the lack of stability of the whole façade, and having restored the towers, was impelled to demolish the northern one when it suddenly subsided.

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made a break with the Gothic style, and a return to the Classical. Plain untraceried oculi were sometimes employed, either in Classical pediments or around domes as at the

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in the 19th and 20th centuries, much stained glass that was installed in rose windows, both in new churches and as restoration in old churches, was dedicated to the

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Cathedral there is a profusion of recessed and traceried oculi surrounding the central features of a rose window set within a square beneath a large mosaic of 1207.

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The reason for this, was the poor architectural advancements at the time. At this point, the heavy stone material that was favored could only support small windows.

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Digital photographs of stained glass windows (Medieval and later) from French cathedrals, taken by Painton Cowen et al. from York Digital Library (YODL) collection

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Cathedral, 1150. As the windows increased in size in the later Romanesque period, wheel windows became a standard feature of which there are fine examples at

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Although, it cannot be known for sure when the rose window got its name, the naming of the window is thought to have occurred around the early 13th century.

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Compared to previous styles, the Curvilinear style is considered to be one of the more abstract, unconventional, design interpretations of the rose window.

2695:, London and New York, 2005 (offers the most complete overview of the evolution and meaning of the form, accompanied by hundreds of colour illustrations.) 1451:

Symbolism: the north rose of Notre Dame, Paris, has at its centre the Blessed Virgin Mary and Christ Child in Majesty, surrounded by prophets and saints.

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In Gothic cathedrals and churches, where a rose is often found above the West Door, the most common subject of the stained glass that it contains is the

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has an example of an Early Gothic wheel window with ten spokes, each light terminating in a cusped trefoils and surrounded by decorative plate tracery.

180:: Rose windows with tracery comprising overlapping arcs like flower petals, circular and square shapes. This form occurs in Northern France, notably at 1059:

From the building of Chartres the dimensions of the rose window began to increase with the development of more elaborate window styles associated with

1818:, was completed in 1144 A.D, as the Gothic period was beginning. It also is the first known church to have stained glass rose windows around 1200 A.D. 290: 1853:

In 1225 Notre-Dame began modifications on its fourth story, instead of a triforium there were rose-shaped oculi which projected light onto the roof.

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Suger's window was not distinctively Gothic in its appearance. It no longer has its original form, but a mid-19th-century drawing by the restorer

2491: 1266:. This unusual plate-tracery window dating from the 1860s has been designed with five double sections like the two-part petals of a simple rose. 1186:

In England, the use of the rose window was commonly confined to the transepts although roses of great span were constructed in the west front of

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Other speculation of its origins, is that it comes from the six-lobed rosettes and octagon, that decorate Hisham's Palace (Built 740–750 A.D.)

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Although, later many were removed in the 19th century, the zodiac symbol also became a recurring design element in rose windows at this time.

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It is believed that the increase in popularity of the Virgin Mary is linked to the rose windows getting their name and gaining favor as well.

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In Spain, the Oviedo vicinity, has some of the earliest examples of rose windows outside of the Byzantine Empire. (9th – early 10th century)

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The rose design itself would often be interpreted very abstractly with stained glass as well as new types of glass such as dalle de verre.

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indicates that it had a very large ocular space at the centre, the glass supported by an iron hoop, and surrounded by simple semicircular

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Shaver-Crandell, Anne. Cambridge Introduction to the History of Art: The Middle Ages. New York City: University of Cambridge Press, 1982.

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of S. Agnese in Rome. The apsidal western end has a central wheel window with smaller oculi in each face. The Church of the Apostles,

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First started in France and around 1260, spread across Europe. The Gothic period was considered to be a "golden age" of architecture.

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lobes cut out of flat stone in a technique known as "plate tracery". The window now has Gothic tracery in it, possibly added by

604: 727:. The church of San Pedro has a rectangular window with a pierced decoration of two overlapping circles, the upper containing a 220:. Although the design usually radiates from a central point, it may not be symmetrical about each axis. This may be seen in the 1214: 969:, between 1130 and 1144, gathered the various newly emerging features of Gothic into a single building, thereby “creating” the 454: 2672: 2033:

The use of voids in the geometrical designing a rose windows is a defining difference between Rayonnant and Famboyant styles.

884:. Oculi were also typically used in the drums supporting domes and as upper lights in octagonal baptisteries such as that at 684:

separated by three oculi. Many semicircular windows with pierced tracery exist from the 6th to the 8th century, and later in

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Practically every rose window contains at least one star. The star can be literal or it can be implied in the design work.

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Created later in the Byzantine period, it was heavily influenced by the Romanesque period that was just about to flourish.

1492: 1421: 1156: 1007:, contains its original scheme of glazing and retains much of the original glass of 1215, despite suffering damage during 90: 1014:

Following the west window of Chartres, more daring Gothic windows were created at the Collegiate Church of Notre-Dame in

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Around the Gothic period the style of window, took a turn from the “wheel” like shape to a more complex flowering shape.

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The Collegiate Church of Mantes which was similar in design but smaller in scale also used oculi windows for lighting.

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The designing of the intricate framework of the rose windows had two basic principles of design during this period:

414:. These large circular openings let in both light and air, the best known being that at the top of the dome of the 2820: 2381: 1358: 1518:

When rose windows are used in the transept ends, then one of those windows is frequently dedicated to Mary as the

731:, the window being divided by the circles and the arms of the cross into numerous sections like tracery "lights". 571:, there are examples of the use of circular oculi. They usually occur either around the drum of a dome, as at the 1894:

Bar tracery allowed for more glass to be used in the windows, creating a more visually stunning piece of artwork.

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Rose windows were also set into square windows, the spandrels being pierced and filled with smaller lights as at

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In 1211, Reims Cathedral became known for being the first Gothic cathedral to use bar tracery with rose windows.

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The German art historian Otto von Simson considered that the origin of the rose window lay in a window with the

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The early 13th-century stained glass in the western rose of Chartres Cathedral is an outstanding extant example

1432: 1063:. By the middle of the 13th century the rose had attained the greatest possible size – the entire width of the 861: 536: 235: 1459:

Symbolism: the north rose of the Abbey of St Denis, Paris, showing God the Creator, surrounded by the Days of

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Common with this style, was the use of circular, oval, and organic complex shapes; not just circular shapes.

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They became the standard for the rose window, becoming the base of which other styles that would be created.

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The styles below refer to the architectural advancements that occurred in the evolution of the Rose window.

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It is speculated that the Modern period of rose windows is a continuation of the Revival period previous.

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A defining characteristic about the Renaissance style is the use of ferramenta instead of stone tracery.

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has an array of both ocular and lobed windows forming decorative features in the gables and beneath the

411: 98: 803:, has wheel windows in the pedimental ends of its nave and gables, very similar to the Early Christian 1929:

From the 12th until the early 13th century, The Last Judgement became a popular theme in rose windows.

202:. This style occurs widely in Gothic churches and is also widely imitated in Gothic Revival buildings. 3040: 3007: 1804: 1531: 1303: 1248: 1206: 1119: 962: 892: 865: 249: 35: 2161:

This began the break of the Gothic style and instead started the renewal of the Classical art style.

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In Italy, the use of circular motifs in various media was a feature of church facades, occurring on

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is shown seated in the centre "light" and within the lights around him are the symbols of the four

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England Lincoln Cathedral, the Bishop's Eye. Fragments of ancient glass in a Flowing Gothic window

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This phenomenon spread across Europe being particularly prevalent in Britain, France, and Germany.

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France, Sens Cathedral, transept, showing Flamboyant window incorporated into a large composition

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Many speculate that the rose window came from the Wheel a Fortune from the northern facade of a,

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There are many things that cause the rose window to spread so rapidly across Europe, such as...

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The style is probably most known for its emphasis on more glass being shown in the rose windows.

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This was a time of restoring, recreating, and creating cathedrals, inspired by older designs.

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has three large rose windows which represent the Creation, Last Judgement, and Glory of God.

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Toman, Rolf, ed. The Art of Gothic: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting. N.p.: Konemann, 1998.

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Stokstad, Marilyn, and Michael W. Cothren. Art History. 5th ed. Vol. 1. N.p.: Pearson, 2014.

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The Gothic period is considered to be the birthplace of the “true” traditional rose window.

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First United Methodist Church in Lubbock, Texas, houses one of the largest rose windows at

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A fine example of a 19th-century Marian rose window exists at St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney.

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Also created by Chambiege and while it is visually spectacular it is not executed as well.

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Cowen, Painton. Rose Windows. Edited by Jill Purce. London, UK: Thames and Hudson, 1974.

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A number of Australia's cathedrals have Gothic Revival rose windows including three by

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The Gothic Cathedral, Origins of Gothic Architecture and the Medieval Concept of Order

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Creating abstract figures within rose windows was particularly prevalent at this time.

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This period is marked by the increase in longitude storytelling with narrative images.

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The tree of Jesus was a popular theme in rose windows through the 12th–13th centuries.

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The transition from the Romanesque style to the Gothic was not clear cut, even at the

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Camille, Michael. Gothic Art: Glorious Visions. New York City: Harry N. Abrams, 1996.

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To create a lighter and area feel, colors such as yellows and greens were often used.

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of the 19th century, so that they are seen in Christian churches all over the world.

1345:. An outstanding example of a rose window is the thirteen-spoked centrepiece of the 825: 2630: 1984:

One of the most exquisite examples of flamboyant style mastered by Martin Chambige.

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In 848, the earliest known example of an axially placed oculus with tracery became

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The belief of the purpose and use, was to have natural light within the structures.

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Cathedrals. This sort of elaborate composition can also be seen at the east end of

1048: 1008: 812: 419: 268: 239: 1399:, Texas, which was founded by the Franciscan Fathers and dates from 1718 to 1731. 3252: 2860:———The Rose Window: Splendor and Symbol. New York, NY: Thames & Hudson, 2005. 3069: 2722:, first published 1896, current edition 2001, Elsevier Science & Technology 2377: 1543: 1527: 1396: 1362: 999:

in England, Germany and Italy, a large late 12th-century window still exists at

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before the Muslim conquest of Spain. But half roses are also known, as with the

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The name refers to the flame like form and design within the patterned tracery.

1455: 1083:. This form probably stemmed from the now destroyed St Nicaise, also in Reims. 2458: 1710:

During the 6th–8th century, semicircular windows were thought to have existed.

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Memorial Rose Window on the east wall of the Union Church of Pocantico Hills,

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which form the upper part of a very large seven-light window in the west end.

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Wagon Wheel Rose Windows of the Medieval Norman Cathedrals of Puglia – Photos

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Australia, the Waratah window, St Bede's, Drummoyne, Sydney, by Alfred Handel

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Stained glass at this point in time was beginning to be much more painterly.

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was not used before the 17th century and comes from the English flower name

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The largest rose window in England is believed to be that installed in the

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appears to have taken as his inspiration the regional floral symbol of the

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England, St Matthias, Richmond. architect G. Scott, glass William Wailes

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Origin of the overall concept is thought to have come from Roman oculus

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Circular windows and decorative circular recesses are a feature of many

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Rose windows gained major popularity in the middle of the 12th century.

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In England there exist five Romanesque wheel windows, notably those at

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Small circular windows were common, and very popular of this period.

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Type of circular window often found in Gothic churches and cathedrals

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Swaan, Wim. The Late Middle Ages, Great Britain: Paul Elek Ltd, 1977

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Grodecki, Louis. Gothic Architecture. Milano: Electa Editrice, 1978

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built in Jordan between 740 and 750 CE. This theory suggests that

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The most common color combination was blue and red color patterns.

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or transept, as seen in the transept roses at St Denis and Paris.

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and well heads and pierced decorations of screens and windows of

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Architectural drawing of the rose window of Strasbourg Cathedral

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Painton Cowen's website, with many good images of rose windows

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The window that is central to the well-known Gothic façade of

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churches, a well-known example being those great circles in

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and the unglazed circular openings of Oriental architecture.

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has a ring of oculi with two in each of the curved faces.

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Germany, the chancel window of Himmelfahrtskirche, Dresden

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in Missale Gothicum, towards 700. The two large roses are

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in which the design takes the form of two ears of wheat.

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The glass had a tenancy to be dark and rich with color.

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In Italy, the rose window was particularly used by the

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marble which complement the central circular window on

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thought, the rose window is often associated with the

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Later windows are to be seen at the nondenominational

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is often used as a generic term applied to a circular

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Germany, Memorial Church (Gedaechtniskirche), Speyer

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A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method

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France, Chartres Cathedral, ancient transept window

2130:Early and High Renaissance (around 1400–1550 A.D.) 407:The origin of the rose window may be found in the 3103:History of Architecture on the Comparative Method 69:. The windows are divided into segments by stone 3189:"Lubbock church's design inspired by Notre Dame" 1402:The largest rose window in the United States is 1391:without tracery or stained glass can be seen at 995:Along with the simple wheel windows of the late 104:Rose windows are particularly characteristic of 3153:Lawrence Lee, George Seddon, Francis Stephens, 2911:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 2756:Lawrence Lee, George Seddon, Francis Stephens, 1414:style and made from more than 10,000 pieces of 93:, who was sentenced to be executed on a spiked 1463:, the Order of the Heavens represented by the 1155:Two examples of rose windows are found in the 522:basilica of Saint Vincent of Lérins of Cordoba 3130:Leonis Baptiste Alberti, Architectural Design 2711:, 1980, Becocci editore Firenze. ISBN unknown 1467:and the Order of Earth as represented by the 556:Church of San Juan Bautista, Baños de Cerrato 520:Visigothic design of roses, preislamic, from 8: 2805:; 7th ed., Penguin Books, 1964, ISBN unknown 2784:Anne Mueller von der Haegen, Ruth Strasser, 2364:, Church of St. John the Baptist (1282–1307) 2095:International Gothic (around 1375–1450 A.D.) 1814:Consider to be the first Gothic church, the 1636:Often used in France and Italy at this time. 1018:and in the dynamically sculptural facade of 449:, Byzantine architecture, and especially in 65:, but is especially used for those found in 46:Interior of the rose at Strasbourg Cathedral 2808:Joseph Rykwert, "Leonis Baptiste Alberti", 1619:Roman mosaic were common for rose patterns. 2739:, 5th edition, Harcourt, Brace and World, 2299:Gallery showing stone mullions and tracery 2226:The Revival (mid-19th–20th centuries A.D.) 2014:The increase in the authority of religion. 1913:Laon Cathedral (12th–13th centuries A.D.) 1530:because one of her titles, referred to by 937:St Denis, Chartres, Mantes, Laon and Paris 314:– Church of San Francesco at Lucera, Italy 1387:feet (8.1 m) in diameter. A Baroque 607:, Rome, 5th century (decoration is later) 554:Visigothic window with stone tracery, of 2597:United States, window over the altar in 1410:in New York City. It is designed in the 1258:, Yorkshire, the 19th-century architect 257:in the Reredos behind the High Altar of 3030:has three fine Gothic Revival examples. 2885: 2408: 2302: 1960:Boyton in Wiltshire (13th century A.D.) 1337:Gothic churches like the Cathedrals of 1114:and also seen in the north transept of 740: 593: 463: 433:which adorned the external wall of the 286: 3220:An example is at the Abbey of St Denis 3088:Bannister Fletcher; James Lees-Milne, 2267:Rose pattern tracery was very popular. 2017:The growth of the economy at the time. 891:Romanesque facades with oculi include 89:also called "Catherine windows" after 2812:, Vol. 49 No. 5–6, Holland St, London 2679:Stained Glass- an Illustrated History 1846:Notre-Dame de Paris (1163–1345 A.D.) 1273:in 1978, with a diameter of 32 feet. 1079:as well as in the later roses of the 170:window, known as the "Dean's Eye" in 7: 3281:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 3253:Tips & Tricks to Gothic Geometry 2646:English Gothic stained glass windows 2457:France, Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, the 2086:Amiens Cathedral (13th century A.D.) 2065:Notre-Dame de Paris (1163–1345 A.D.) 1830:Early Gothic (around 1150–1250 A.D.) 676:A window of the 8th century, now in 504:decoration. Archaeological crypt in 224:window called the "Bishop's Eye" at 3143:An Outline of European Architecture 3132:, Vol 49 No 5–6, Holland St, London 3004:"The Dean's Eye, Lincoln Cathedral" 2803:An Outline of European Architecture 2651:French Gothic stained glass windows 2003:High Gothic (around 1250–1375 A.D.) 1777:Saint-Etienna, Beauvais (1150 A.D.) 1614:Pantheon, Rome (Built 113–125 A.D.) 965:, to the north of Paris, where the 2330:Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi 2080:Lincoln Cathedral (1185–1311 A.D.) 1861:Lincoln Cathedral (1185–1311 A.D.) 25: 3269:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 3187:Media, Sarah Self-Walbrick A.-J. 2828:Architecture in Britain 1530–1830 1571:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s 1231:in London designed in 1838–40 by 1145:St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne 344:– at the ruins of Languidou Abbey 2606: 2590: 2578: 2562: 2550: 2538: 2523: 2505: 2490: 2478: 2466: 2450: 2435: 2423: 2411: 2389: 2369: 2353: 2337: 2321: 2305: 2028:"Right Measure" or "Two to One" 1978:Sainte-Chapelle (1242–1248 A.D.) 1639:Roughly only 6 feet in diameter. 1558: 1408:Cathedral of St. John the Divine 1355:Basilica of St Francis of Assisi 1353:, Molise (1312). Others are the 774: 762: 743: 661: 646: 631: 612: 596: 547: 529: 513: 493: 481: 466: 379: 364: 349: 334: 319: 304: 289: 2905:Dow, Helen J. (December 1957). 2786:Art and Architecture of Tuscany 1217:feature medieval rose windows. 3176:Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres 2701:"Church Stained Glass Windows" 2665:Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres 2083:Beauvais Cathedral (1272 A.D.) 1626:Early Christian (260–525 A.D.) 734:In another of these churches, 389:– Church of Saint Sava, Serbia 67:Gothic cathedrals and churches 1: 3259:Chartres Rose Window Geometry 3255:– How to design a rose window 3072:, Vienna; Brevnov monastery, 2515:, Spain, Santa Maria del Pi, 2405:Gallery showing stained glass 2214:Neoclassical (1760–1830 A.D.) 2173:Seville Cathedral (1536 A.D.) 2149:Pazzi Chapel (1429–1443 A.D.) 1938:to the ones of previous eras. 1422:Washington National Cathedral 1306:(see introductory pictures.) 671:Basilica, Italy, 11th century 155:: These windows had a simple 91:Saint Catherine of Alexandria 2772:Stained and Decorative Glass 1664:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 1406:above the main doors of the 918:On the Romanesque façade of 876:Early Renaissance façade at 573:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 447:early Christian architecture 3028:St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney 2312:Italy, Troia, Cathedral of 1816:Abbey Church of Saint-Denis 1718:Romanesque (1000–1150 A.D.) 1427:In 1954, the French artist 1141:St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney 787:Romanesque Circular windows 781:San Miguel de Lillo, detail 769:San Miguel de Lillo, detail 459:church of San Juan Bautista 222:Flamboyant Decorated Gothic 3327: 3076:; St Bride, Fleet Street, 2821:Princeton University Press 2397:Basilica Cathedral of Lodi 2382:Santa Maria di Collemaggio 1989:Beauvais Cathedral (1500) 1688:Saint-Généroux (950 A.D.) 1359:Santa Maria di Collemaggio 1329:, and in the Cathedral of 1235:FSA; Holy Trinity Church, 3193:Lubbock Avalanche-Journal 2893:Oxford English Dictionary 2533:, the Presidential Palace 1675:Byzantine (330–1453 A.D.) 1471:. In the corners are the 1271:chapel of Lancing College 1190:and in the east front of 1051:effect of great energy. 909:San Zeno Maggiore, Verona 640:Sant'Agnese fuori le mura 585:Sant'Agnese fuori le mura 359:– Meaux Cathedral, France 2895:, s.v. "rose-window" (). 2815:Otto von Simson (1956), 2445:, France, north transept 2274:Modern (1860–1970s A.D.) 2197:Baroque (1600–1725 A.D.) 1951:Origin are from England. 1822:for exterior decoration. 1584:may contain suggestions. 1569:may need to be rewritten 1433:Abby Aldrich Rockefeller 1192:Old St. Paul's Cathedral 1122:, (see pictured above). 537:Merovingian illumination 329:– at Działoszyce, Poland 34:Exterior of the rose at 2253:Flamboyant Gothic style 2124:Flamboyant Gothic style 2073:Flamboyant Gothic style 1968:Flamboyant Gothic style 1532:St Bernard of Clairvaux 1288:Basilica of Saint Denis 1239:, London; St Nicholas, 626:, France, 6-7th century 455:Visigothic architecture 2992:Peterborough Cathedral 2753:, 1963, Batsford, ISBN 2500:, Oscar Frediks Church 2263:Rayonnant Gothic style 2191:Rayonnant Gothic style 2119:Rayonnant Gothic style 2058:Rayonnant Gothic style 1981:Sens Cathedral (1490) 1933:Rayonnant Gothic style 1476: 1452: 1178: 1176:Lancing College chapel 1033: 958: 948: 834: 620:Baptistery of St. John 569:Byzantine architecture 186:Our Lady of the Rosary 55: 47: 39: 3278:Catholic Encyclopedia 2830:, 1977 ed., Pelican, 2461:in Flamboyant tracery 1513:Labours of the Months 1469:Labours of the Months 1458: 1450: 1404:The Great Rose Window 1173: 1075:(after 1241), in the 1028: 954: 944: 828: 699:The windows of Oviedo 53: 45: 33: 3068:Examples are at the 3041:Madonna di S. Biagio 2975:The Gothic Cathedral 2842:The Gothic Cathedral 2810:Architectural Design 2737:Art through the Ages 1805:Strasbourg Cathedral 1304:Strasbourg Cathedral 1249:George Gilbert Scott 1120:Strasbourg Cathedral 893:San Miniato al Monte 757:, Spain. Towards 850 605:Santa Maria Maggiore 299:– Florence Cathedral 259:St. Peter's Basilica 36:Strasbourg Cathedral 3301:Church architecture 3272:"Rose Window" 3101:Banister Fletcher, 2443:Notre-Dame de Paris 2346:Notre-Dame de Paris 2314:Santa Maria Assunta 2238:Plate Tracery style 2181:Plate tracery style 2109:Plate tracery style 2048:Plate tracery style 1839:Plate tracery style 1791:Plate tracery style 1753:, Beauvais in 1072. 1734:(12th century A.D.) 1705:San Miguel de Lillo 1245:St Albans Cathedral 1174:The rose window of 1073:Notre-Dame de Reims 1061:Gothic architecture 1055:Further development 878:Santa Maria Novella 751:San Miguel de Lillo 736:San Miguel de Lillo 703:In the vicinity of 106:Gothic architecture 3306:Glass architecture 3141:Nikolaus Pevsner, 3055:Giovanni Fanelli, 2986:Speyer Cathedral, 2977:, Banister Flether 2959:Florence Cathedral 2788:, 2000, Konemann, 2770:Elizabeth Morris, 2751:English Cathedrals 2707:Giovanni Fanelli, 2699:Eberhard, Robert. 2362:Monterosso al Mare 2248:Wheel Window style 1906:Early Gothic style 1757:Wheel window style 1477: 1453: 1292:Chartres Cathedral 1197:The cathedrals of 1179: 1034: 1001:Chartres Cathedral 959: 949: 946:Chartres Cathedral 901:San Michele, Pavia 835: 654:Torcello Cathedral 589:Torcello Cathedral 506:Valencia Cathedral 488:Roman mosaic. Rome 473:The oculus of the 210:Beauvais Cathedral 56: 48: 40: 3247:therosewindow.com 3119:Banister Fletcher 2988:Orvieto Cathedral 2907:"The Rose-Window" 2745:978-0-15-503752-6 2716:Banister Fletcher 2681:, Bracken Books, 2618:Solsona Cathedral 2599:Boston University 2258:Renaissance style 2243:Bar Tracery style 2186:Bar tracery style 2157:Renaissance style 2114:Bar tracery style 2053:Bar tracery style 2043:Curvilinear style 1947:Curvilinear style 1890:Bar tracery style 1599: 1598: 1573:quality standards 1284:Notre Dame, Paris 1256:Appleton-le-Moors 1254:At Christ Church 1229:Abney Park Chapel 1157:National Basilica 1126:Regional examples 1116:Westminster Abbey 1038:Notre Dame, Paris 963:Abbey of St Denis 956:Notre Dame, Paris 933:parish churches. 693:Romanesque period 439:Khirbat al-Mafjar 226:Lincoln Cathedral 206:Flamboyant Gothic 200:Westminster Abbey 172:Lincoln Cathedral 16:(Redirected from 3318: 3282: 3274: 3230: 3227: 3221: 3218: 3212: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3184: 3178: 3172: 3166: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3128:Joseph Rykwert, 3126: 3120: 3117: 3106: 3099: 3093: 3086: 3080: 3066: 3060: 3053: 3047: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3015: 3006:. Archived from 3000: 2994: 2984: 2978: 2971: 2965: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2917:(3/4): 248–297. 2902: 2896: 2890: 2826:John Summerson, 2819:, 3rd ed. 1988, 2799:Nikolaus Pevsner 2760:, Spring Books, 2704: 2610: 2594: 2582: 2566: 2554: 2542: 2527: 2509: 2494: 2482: 2470: 2454: 2439: 2427: 2415: 2393: 2373: 2357: 2341: 2325: 2309: 1807:(1015–1439 A.D.) 1781:Castle Hedingham 1732:Cefalù Cathedral 1594: 1591: 1585: 1562: 1554: 1393:San Jose Mission 1386: 1385: 1381: 1378: 1300:Amiens Cathedral 1286:(see left), the 1222:Beverley Minster 931:Castle Hedingham 899:, 11th century, 818:. The octagonal 778: 766: 747: 709:Byzantine Empire 665: 650: 635: 616: 600: 551: 533: 517: 497: 485: 470: 383: 368: 353: 338: 323: 308: 293: 218:Amiens Cathedral 192:Rayonnant Gothic 21: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3316: 3315: 3286: 3285: 3268: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3206: 3197: 3195: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3173: 3169: 3164: 3160: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3109: 3100: 3096: 3087: 3083: 3067: 3063: 3054: 3050: 3038: 3034: 3026: 3022: 3013: 3011: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2985: 2981: 2972: 2968: 2963:Siena Cathedral 2957: 2953: 2943: 2941: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2698: 2693:The Rose Window 2691:Painton Cowen, 2667:, Paul Hamlyn, 2659: 2627: 2620: 2611: 2602: 2601:'s Marsh Chapel 2595: 2586: 2583: 2574: 2567: 2558: 2555: 2546: 2543: 2534: 2528: 2519: 2510: 2501: 2495: 2486: 2483: 2474: 2471: 2462: 2455: 2446: 2440: 2431: 2428: 2419: 2416: 2407: 2400: 2394: 2385: 2374: 2365: 2358: 2349: 2342: 2333: 2326: 2317: 2310: 2301: 2296: 2276: 2228: 2216: 2199: 2132: 2097: 2005: 1832: 1772:Worms Cathedral 1720: 1677: 1628: 1595: 1589: 1586: 1576: 1563: 1552: 1520:Mother of Jesus 1473:Fall of Mankind 1445: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1312: 1296:Reims Cathedral 1279: 1233:William Hosking 1184: 1153: 1143:and another at 1137:William Wardell 1133: 1128: 1101:Milan Cathedral 1057: 1030:Reims Cathedral 939: 903:, c. 1117, and 850:Early Christian 801:Worms Cathedral 789: 782: 779: 770: 767: 758: 748: 701: 672: 666: 657: 651: 642: 636: 627: 617: 608: 601: 565:Early Christian 559: 552: 543: 534: 525: 524:, 6–7th century 518: 509: 508:, 6–7th century 498: 489: 486: 477: 471: 451:Merovingian art 405: 400: 395: 394: 393: 390: 384: 375: 369: 360: 354: 345: 339: 330: 324: 315: 309: 300: 294: 283: 282: 214:Sainte-Chapelle 119: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3324: 3322: 3314: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3288: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3237: 3236:External links 3234: 3232: 3231: 3222: 3213: 3204: 3179: 3167: 3158: 3146: 3134: 3121: 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2774:, Doubleday, 2773: 2769: 2767: 2766:0-600-56281-6 2763: 2759: 2758:Stained Glass 2755: 2752: 2749:John Harvey, 2748: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2733:Helen Gardner 2731: 2729: 2728:0-7506-2267-9 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2694: 2690: 2688: 2687:1-85891-157-5 2684: 2680: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2663:Henry Adams, 2662: 2661: 2656: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2641:Stained glass 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2593: 2588: 2581: 2576: 2572: 2565: 2560: 2553: 2548: 2541: 2536: 2532: 2526: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2493: 2488: 2481: 2476: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2453: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2433: 2426: 2421: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2356: 2351: 2347: 2340: 2335: 2331: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2273: 2266: 2265: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2206: 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The term 59:Rose window 3290:Categories 3198:2021-09-13 3090:St Peter's 3014:2007-01-02 2673:0600341828 2657:References 2459:Apocalypse 1666:(335 A.D.) 1660:(298 A.D.) 1656:Chapel of 1534:, is the " 1511:signs and 1361:(1289) in 1319:architects 1264:white rose 1207:Canterbury 927:Barfreston 870:polychrome 854:Romanesque 793:Romanesque 713:sarcophagi 603:Oculus of 502:visigothic 357:Flamboyant 160:centuries. 3165:Wim Swaan 2939:195029297 2881:Footnotes 2844:, Omega, 2614:Catalonia 2517:Barcelona 2513:Catalonia 2294:Galleries 1762:apparent. 1582:talk page 1443:Symbolism 1220:Medieval 1161:cathedral 1131:Australia 1077:transepts 874:Alberti's 638:Oculi of 577:Jerusalem 541:six-lobed 443:crusaders 427:six-lobed 374:– Catania 342:Rayonnant 273:portholes 271:, ship's 139:Donatello 127:alabaster 2625:See also 2571:Mallorca 2378:L'Aquila 2344:France, 1920:century. 1783:churches 1550:Timeline 1524:Catholic 1509:Zodiacal 1497:Prophets 1493:Apostles 1461:Creation 1437:New York 1363:L'Aquila 1323:San Zeno 1321:, as in 1241:Richmond 1097:Beauvais 1045:Chartres 1032:, France 897:Florence 882:Florence 805:Basilica 669:Aquileia 656:, Venice 624:Poitiers 581:pediment 416:Pantheon 281:Examples 168:transept 147:Ghiberti 71:mullions 38:, France 3296:Windows 2636:Mandala 2569:Spain, 2399:, Italy 2376:Italy, 2360:Italy, 2328:Italy, 1850:window. 1382:⁄ 1343:Orvieto 1316:Lombard 1203:Lincoln 1182:England 1151:Ecuador 1118:and at 1112:Spoleto 920:Spoleto 905:Pistoia 886:Cremona 866:Baroque 833:, Spain 809:Cologne 721:Ravenna 717:pulpits 682:lancets 500:Common 437:palace 435:Umayyad 431:octagon 398:History 372:Baroque 261:, Rome. 246:Baroque 157:tracery 143:Uccello 75:tracery 3078:London 3074:Prague 2937: 2931:750783 2929: 2848: 2834: 2792: 2778: 2764: 2743: 2726: 2685: 2671: 2498:Sweden 2384:(1287) 1580:. The 1505:Angels 1501:Saints 1485:Christ 1465:Zodiac 1389:oculus 1351:Larino 1335:Tuscan 1331:Modena 1327:Verona 1277:France 1243:; and 1237:Barnes 1215:Oxford 1211:Durham 1165:Cuenca 1081:facade 1016:Mantes 986:cusped 858:Gothic 839:Třebíč 755:Oviedo 705:Oviedo 686:Greece 678:Venice 453:, and 412:oculus 403:Origin 387:Modern 297:Oculus 265:Modern 248:: The 234:: The 135:Duccio 99:oculus 63:window 2935:S2CID 2927:JSTOR 1647:them. 1602:Note: 1339:Siena 1310:Italy 1108:Paris 1093:Rouen 913:Monza 831:Ávila 816:spire 409:Roman 327:Plate 312:Wheel 123:Oculi 117:Style 3039:See 2946:2020 2846:ISBN 2832:ISBN 2790:ISBN 2776:ISBN 2762:ISBN 2741:ISBN 2724:ISBN 2714:Sir 2683:ISBN 2669:ISBN 2531:Peru 1503:and 1357:and 1341:and 1302:and 1213:and 1199:York 1065:nave 929:and 911:and 864:and 820:dome 723:and 567:and 212:and 145:and 83:rose 73:and 2919:doi 1395:in 1349:in 1325:in 1247:by 1163:in 1139:at 1095:or 1043:At 880:in 837:In 622:of 563:In 422:. 3292:: 3275:. 3191:. 3110:^ 3043:, 2990:, 2961:, 2933:. 2925:. 2915:20 2913:. 2909:. 2801:, 2735:, 2718:, 2616:, 1546:. 1515:. 1499:, 1495:, 1491:, 1439:. 1418:. 1375:26 1365:. 1298:, 1251:. 1209:, 1205:, 1201:, 1103:. 1011:. 973:. 895:, 888:. 860:, 856:, 852:, 841:, 753:, 715:, 695:. 688:. 591:. 575:, 141:, 137:, 101:. 85:. 3201:. 3105:. 3092:. 3059:. 3017:. 2948:. 2921:: 2703:. 1707:. 1592:) 1588:( 1575:. 1475:. 1384:2 1380:1 1377:+ 188:. 149:. 20:)

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