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depending upon such matters, and to focus upon the status of the injured party as a trespasser, licensee, or invitee in order to determine the question whether the landowner has a duty of care, is contrary to our modern social mores and humanitarian values. The common law rules obscure rather than illuminate the proper considerations which should govern determination of the question of duty.
222:, which explained that common law distinctions between an invitee, licensee, and trespasser traditionally determined the duty of care owed by a possessor of land to a plaintiff. A duty of care to warn about the dangerous condition of an area is owed to invitees and licensees under the distinctions but not to trespassers.
225:
The majority considered the classifications to be an unhelpful shortcut to determine negligence, and that a general duty of care should be owed to all visitors to land. The summary judgment for the defendant was reversed because the defendant should have warned the plaintiff of the broken handle.
237:
A man's life or limb does not become less worthy of protection by the law nor a loss less worthy of compensation under the law because he has come upon the land of another without permission or with permission but without a business purpose. Reasonable people do not ordinarily vary their conduct
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The plaintiff, James Davis
Rowland, Jr., was a guest in the apartment of the defendant, Nancy Christian. The plaintiff requested to use the bathroom and a water faucet handle broke off in his hand, leaving him with severed tendons and nerve damage.
246:
had inspired appellate courts in at least nine other U.S. states and the
District of Columbia to completely abandon the traditional distinctions between invitees, licensees, and trespassers, while 14 other U.S. states were persuaded by
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concurred. Burke argued that the majority had unnecessarily thrown away centuries of clear precedent for a future of "potentially unlimited liability." He felt that such a dramatic change in the law should come from the legislature.
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The defendant had complained to the landlord about the broken handle but did not warn the plaintiff. The trial judge granted
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owed by a possessor of land to the people on the land. It replaced the classifications with a general duty of care.
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James David
Rowland, Jr., Plaintiff and Appellant, v. Nancy Christian, Defendant and Respondent.
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to any visitor, even if the visitor is trespassing. Trial court reversed.
334:
Hall v. Cagle, 773 So. 2d 928, 932 (Miss. 2000) (McRae, J., concurring).
436:
170:
263:
wrote a dissenting opinion in which fellow conservative
Justice
394:
27:
300:"The Hegemony of the Reasonable Person in Anglo-American Law"
659:
Redbox
Automated Retail LLC v. Universal City Studios LLLP
1144:
Indiana Harbor Belt
Railroad Co. v. American Cyanamid Co.
351:, 69 Cal. 2d 108, 443 P.2d 561 (1968) is available from:
201:
on behalf of the defendant, and the plaintiff appealed.
1340:
State Farm Mutual
Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell
1086:
Spur
Industries, Inc. v. Del E. Webb Development Co.
1301:
1260:
1240:
1233:
1153:
1126:
1117:
1095:
1077:
1068:
1009:
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880:
846:
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Tarasoff v. Regents of the
University of California
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620:
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534:
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306:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 45–80.
140:
136:
Peters, joined by
Traynor, Tobriner, Mosk, Sullivan
132:
127:
97:
87:
82:
68:
56:
46:
41:
20:
288:Aspen Publishers, New York, NY: 2007. p. 223-227
917:Seong Sil Kim v. New York City Transit Authority
864:Farwell v. Boston & Worcester Railroad Corp.
235:
584:Sioux City & Pacific Railroad Co. v. Stout
304:Oxford Studies in Private Law Theory: Volume 1
229:The most "rhetorically powerful passage" from
406:
302:. In Miller, Paul B.; Oberdiek, John (eds.).
8:
1199:Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson
785:Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital
509:intentional infliction of emotional distress
1292:American Motorcycle Ass'n v. Superior Court
1137:Alwin v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co.
639:Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.
251:to modify and simplify those distinctions.
1237:
1123:
1074:
1011:Negligent infliction of emotional distress
695:
432:
413:
399:
391:
17:
556:CompuServe Inc. v. Cyber Promotions, Inc.
74:An occupant of a property owes a general
577:United Zinc & Chemical Co. v. Britt
277:
1055:Molien v. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals
1000:Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc.
771:Union Pacific Railway Co. v. Botsford
7:
1376:Supreme Court of California case law
737:Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co.
1048:Miller v. National Broadcasting Co.
723:Jablonski by Pahls v. United States
471:Picard v. Barry Pontiac-Buick, Inc.
286:The Torts Process, Seventh Edition.
1312:BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore
169:. It eliminated the categories of
14:
1319:Liebeck v. McDonald's Restaurants
1206:Geier v. American Honda Motor Co.
1178:Friend v. Childs Dining Hall Co.
910:United States v. GlaxoSmithKline
26:
924:United States v. Johnson (1987)
744:Mexicali Rose v. Superior Court
1371:1968 in United States case law
1171:Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories
871:Vance v. Ball State University
1:
1251:Walt Disney World Co. v. Wood
1104:Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co.
678:United States defamation law
1366:United States tort case law
1242:Joint and several liability
945:Yount v. City of Sacramento
525:Hustler Magazine v. Falwell
298:Simons, Kenneth B. (2020).
167:Supreme Court of California
34:Supreme Court of California
1397:
993:Ultramares Corp. v. Touche
730:Kerans v. Porter Paint Co.
1213:Chysky v. Drake Bros. Co.
896:Boub v. Township of Wayne
857:Albro v. Agawam Canal Co.
478:Sheridan v. United States
73:
25:
1333:Honda Motor Co. v. Oberg
1128:Ultrahazardous activity
830:Hitaffer v. Argonne Co.
144:Burke, joined by McComb
1262:Comparative negligence
1034:Archibald v. Braverman
422:United States tort law
240:
42:Decided August 8, 1968
650:Tortious interference
570:Intel Corp. v. Hamidi
1271:Li v. Yellow Cab Co.
1164:Thomas v. Winchester
549:Rowland v. Christian
540:Trespass to chattels
349:Rowland v. Christian
152:Rowland v. Christian
21:Rowland v. Christian
952:Pearson v. Callahan
755:Medical malpractice
122:Raymond L. Sullivan
1381:1968 in California
1185:Loop v. Litchfield
986:Ybarra v. Spangard
881:Public Authority,
823:Cahoon v. Cummings
814:Loss of consortium
624:, Publicity rights
604:Haslem v. Lockwood
563:Dougherty v. Stepp
284:Henderson et al.
265:Marshall F. McComb
255:Dissenting opinion
102:Marshall F. McComb
98:Associate Justices
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1229:
1228:
1155:Product liability
1113:
1112:
1064:
1063:
1041:Thing v. La Chusa
887:Negligence per se
848:Common employment
799:Scott v. Bradford
764:Landeros v. Flood
716:Trimarco v. Klein
685:
684:
464:Vosburg v. Putney
450:Garratt v. Dailey
429:Intentional Torts
216:Raymond E. Peters
181:to determine the
148:
147:
106:Raymond E. Peters
1388:
1326:Pearson v. Chung
1303:Punitive damages
1285:Hoffman v. Jones
1278:Knight v. Jewett
1238:
1124:
1119:Strict liability
1075:
1020:Krouse v. Graham
931:Martin v. Herzog
903:Briscoe v. LaHue
837:Werling v. Sandy
778:Mohr v. Williams
709:Brown v. Kendall
696:
611:Popov v. Hayashi
536:Trespass to land
518:Snyder v. Phelps
498:Hartman v. Moore
489:Abuse of process
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92:Roger J. Traynor
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18:
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1220:Devlin v. Smith
1149:
1109:
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1005:
979:Summers v. Tice
964:
959:Saucier v. Katz
938:Tedla v. Ellman
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749:
681:
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644:
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530:
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457:Katko v. Briney
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1192:Losee v. Clute
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1027:Dillon v. Legg
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632:Taus v. Loftus
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325:(At p. 49.)
317:. Retrieved
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242:As of 2000,
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183:duty of care
151:
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114:Stanley Mosk
76:duty of care
50:
32:
15:
319:December 3,
57:Citation(s)
1360:Categories
691:Negligence
670:Defamation
595:Conversion
272:References
218:wrote the
189:Background
179:trespasser
970:Causation
1070:Nuisance
347:Text of
259:Justice
214:Justice
205:Decision
175:licensee
133:Majority
1234:Damages
1096:Private
622:Privacy
441:Battery
437:Assault
249:Rowland
244:Rowland
231:Rowland
171:invitee
141:Dissent
69:Holding
1078:Public
538:&
439:&
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383:Leagle
380:
377:
374:Justia
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177:, and
676:See
321:2023
308:ISBN
163:case
1362::
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414:e
407:t
400:v
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