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305:(equivalent to 15 million 2021 euros). There was a drop in membership in 1929, the result of partisan fighting. In 1932, the Rote Hilfe helped 9,000 political prisoners, 20,000 family members and 50,000 people on the left with preliminary investigations and trials. Its central committee was connected with the KPD's "juridical central office" and also worked with the Berlin MOPR.
266:
The chapters of the Rote Hilfe consisted of factory and neighborhood cells and were led by district chairmen who worked under a central chairman. An "auditing commission" was adjunct to the
Central Committee and monitored compliance with applicable law. Each chapter had a "relief commission", which
186:
In the beginning, the organization was active with the campaign, "Rote Hilfe for the victims of war and work", part of an international campaign to support war victims and those disabled at work. The main emphasis of the work was the support of arrested members of the
402:
was especially well known for his activity with the Rote Hilfe. In a series of major political trials during the mid-1920s and into the early 1930s, he doggedly pursued justice for the leftist victims of the growing Nazi terror, once summoning even
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community drew active support by about 600 notable individuals from democratic and leftist intellectual circles. Their campaigns, such as the amnesty for political prisoners in 1928, for freedom in the arts, or in favor of liberalizing the law on
422:
veterans were able to continue till the end of 1941 as lay lawyers.) Other lawyers were also affected by the law for reasons of
Communist activity, many becoming corporate lawyers after losing their license to practice in court.
414:
During the period of its activity, some 330 attorneys worked for the Rote Hilfe. Of these, 60% were of Jewish background, a fact that had special significance after 7 August 1933, when the
415:
215:
In March 1930, the Rote Hilfe took part in the founding of a German section of the "International
Juridical Union", which dealt with penal, popular, constitutional and labor rights.
139:
from 5 October - 12 November 1922, called for "the creation of organizations to render material and moral aid to all captives of capitalism in prison." This effort later became the
294:
In 1933, the Rote Hilfe had 530,000 members, of which 119,000 were also members of the KPD and 15,000 were members of the SPD. There were also 55,600 members who were also in the
983:
988:
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was supposed to also involve local politicians. The Rote Hilfe employed 60-80 people full-time. There were annual national congresses, at which lawyers such as
84:
973:
238:. The organization tried to continue its work through 1934, directed by exiled leadership in Paris. By 1935–1936, the Rote Hilfe had been dissolved by the
407:
to appear as a witness. By the end of the Weimar
Republic, Litten was unable to go out in public without a bodyguard. This was provided by members of the
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998:
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Die Rote Hilfe - Die
Geschichte der internationalen kommunistischen "Wohlfahrtsorganisation" und ihre sozialen Aktivitäten in Deutschland (1921-1941)
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in April 1921 following bloody strikes and communist rebellions in central
Germany in March of that year. It was formed after a decision the
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978:
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Schafft rote Hilfe! Geschichte und
Aktivitäten der proletarischen Hilfsorganisation für politische Gefangene in Deutschland (1919-1938)
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861:
798:
741:
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71:
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Die
Rechtsanwälte der Roten Hilfe Deutschlands: politische Strafverteidiger in der Weimarer Republik; Geschichte und Biografien
108:
and existed between 1924 and 1936. Its purpose was to provide help to those
Communists who had been jailed or were imprisoned.
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530:
771:
301:
From 1924 to March 1929, the Rote Hilfe supported 27,000 people and 16,000 people in prison at a cost of four million
172:
950:
331:, as well. The two homes were managed by a 46-person administrative board, which included such well-known members as
42:
36:
430:. Only a few of the Jewish lawyers who hadn't left Germany by 1942 survived the camps. Two lawyers who moved to the
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208:) to be the "International Day of Aid for Political Prisoners" and observed this day till they were banned by the
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546:, Rote Hilfe Deutschland (February 1936), a compilation of allegations of murder and other crimes at
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151:, was one of the founding members and was elected to the Central Committee. The first chairman was
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438:. Some 30 of the lawyers who went into exile later returned to Germany, nine of them to the
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Die
Wandlung des deutschen Kommunismus. Die Stalinisierung der KPD in der Weimarer Republik
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689:"18. März - Aktionstag für die Freiheit aller politischen Gefangenen und gegen Repression"
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147:(RHD) was founded on 1 October 1924 as an organization affiliated with the KPD. Artist
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242:. Some members continued to work underground to help threatened individuals go into
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810:"Schwieriges Erinnern – die Rote Hilfe Deutschlands in der Geschichtsschreibung"
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840:(PDF) Deutsche Anwalt Verein, Detusche Anwalt Verlag (February 1998) pp. 75-81
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328:
302:
621:
Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern: New, Revised, and Expanded Edition.
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Libertad Online, official website. (March 16, 2010) Retrieved June 26, 2010
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came into effect and many lost their license to practice in German courts. (
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Women and Socialism, Socialism and Women: Europe Between the Two World Wars
201:, unionists, as well as unaffiliated individuals and their family members.
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327:. In 1925, they began also maintaining the MOPR Children's Home in
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Denkmalsfigur. Biographische Annäherung an Hans Litten 1903 - 1938
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Knut Bergbauer, Sabine Fröhlich and Stephanie Schüler-Springorum,
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285:
255:
243:
623:
Hoover Institution Press, Stanford, California (1986), pg. xxviii
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In 1933, the Rote Hilfe was banned, following the issuing of the
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Defense in other trials about "freedom of art", for the SPD and
124:(KPD). In November 1921, a "Berlin Committee" was created as a
21:
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Trial" (February–April 1925) against KPD members accused of
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The Rote Hilfe proclaimed 18 March 1923 (anniversary of the
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According to Josef Schwarz, 22 of its lawyers were sent to
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took over the leadership of the organization from exile in
416:
Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service
852:
Heinz Jürgen Schneider, Erika Schwarz, Josef Schwarz,
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and other lawyers were arrested the very night of the
143:, (also known by its Russian abbreviation, MOPR). The
116:
The Rote Hilfe was first organized as a result of the
619:
Cited in Branko Lazitch and Milorad M. Drachkovitch,
522:" – murder trial resulting from the SA attack of an
179:assumed leadership of the RHD. After the death of
581:. New Haven, Yale University Press. p. 144.
308:Beginning in 1923, the Rote Hilfe maintained the
709:pp. 229-230, Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen (2008)
323:conveyed his property to them for a mere 15,000
92:with a wagon promoting the Rote Hilfe, May 1928
732:in: Helmut Gruber and Pamela M. Graves (eds.)
8:
895:System der NS-Konzentrationslager: 1933-1939
155:, later the first and only president of the
100:("Red Aid") was the German affiliate of the
924:Der Barkenhoff - Kinderheim der Roten Hilfe
984:Organizations based in the Weimar Republic
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783:
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104:. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the
72:Learn how and when to remove this message
989:Non-profit organisations based in Berlin
772:"Hans Litten, Rechtsanwalt (1903 -1938)"
83:
35:This article includes a list of general
823:
821:
675:Sabine Hering, Kurt Schilde (Editors),
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526:colony inhabited by SPD and KPD members
183:that same year, she also led the MOPR.
159:. He was previously the leader of the
898:Akademie Verlag (1993), p. 243.
7:
759:Two reviews. Retrieved June 8, 2010
736:(1998), p. 157. Berghahn Books
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629:
461:Series of trials resulting from the
544:Material über den Hitlerdeutschland
351:were supported by Albert Einstein,
250:, then still an autonomous region.
199:Communist Workers' Party of Germany
195:Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
16:For the group founded in 1975, see
974:Communist organisations in Germany
757:"Neue Forschungen zur Roten Hilfe"
41:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1004:Organizations established in 1924
999:1936 disestablishments in Germany
892:Klaus Drobisch, Günther Wieland,
883:4 May 1925 Retrieved June 8, 2010
290:The Barkenhoff in Worpswede, 2007
131:The Fourth World Congress of the
730:"German Communism and New Women"
492:" on the leftist take-over of a
175:faction of the KPD. After 1925,
26:
856:. Pahl-Rugenstein, Bonn (2002)
391:, Heinrich Vogeler and others.
994:1924 establishments in Germany
922:Siegfried Bresler and others,
906:. Retrieved December 21, 2011
1:
531:Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold
434:later became victims of the
793:. Bonn (2003) pp. 78, 192.
744:Retrieved November 13, 2011
637:"Der Rote Frontkämpferbund"
474:and all political Prisoners
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979:Communist Party of Germany
969:Charities based in Germany
440:German Democratic Republic
161:Juristischen Zentralstelle
157:German Democratic Republic
122:Communist Party of Germany
106:Communist Party of Germany
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951:History of the Rote Hilfe
556:Kemna concentration camps
509:" – involving a murdered
317:Worpswede artists' colony
262:Membership and statistics
940:. Frankfurt am Main 1969
774:Retrieved June 10, 2010
663:Retrieved June 10, 2010
575:Dallin, David J (1955).
428:Nazi concentration camps
283:and other legal issues.
812:Retrieved June 8, 2010
607:Retrieved June 3, 2010
145:Rote Hilfe Deutschlands
56:more precise citations.
876:"Germany: Cheka Trial"
661:Wilhelm Pieck timeline
344:Rote Hilfe Deutschland
291:
93:
289:
220:Reichstag Fire Decree
141:International Red Aid
102:International Red Aid
88:Whitsun gathering of
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926:. Lilienthal (1991)
830:Unvergessener Anwalt
507:Röntgenstraßen Trial
476:" – amnesty campaign
446:Trials and campaigns
118:political repression
490:Weapons Cache Trial
409:Rotfrontkämpferbund
248:Saar (protectorate)
210:National Socialists
190:Rotfrontkämpferbund
90:Rotfrontkämpferbund
836:2011-07-18 at the
679:. VS-Verlag (2003)
465:(January–May 1925)
389:Carl von Ossietzky
292:
181:Julian Marchlewski
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789:Nikolaus Brauns,
728:Atina Grossmann,
373:Magnus Hirschfeld
279:gave lectures on
126:central committee
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269:Kurt Rosenfeld
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605:"Rote Hilfe"
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538:Publications
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488:1931 Saxon "
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432:Soviet Union
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665:(in German)
609:(in German)
400:Hans Litten
395:The lawyers
337:Thomas Mann
303:Reichsmarks
273:Felix Halle
228:Felix Halle
224:Hans Litten
54:introducing
963:Categories
562:References
552:Börgermoor
500:Reichswehr
329:Elgersburg
310:Barkenhoff
98:Rote Hilfe
37:references
587:219289334
472:Max Hoelz
325:goldmarks
212:in 1933.
173:Reichstag
133:Comintern
834:Archived
502:property
498:camp on
451:"German
377:Otto Dix
349:abortion
171:and the
62:May 2021
533:members
485:" Trial
482:Blutmai
315:at the
240:Gestapo
167:of the
165:Landtag
163:of the
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641:dhm.de
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548:Dachau
516:1932 "
505:1932 "
468:1926 "
319:after
193:, the
137:Moscow
112:Origin
39:, but
524:arbor
470:Free
453:Cheka
256:Paris
244:exile
928:ISBN
900:ISBN
858:ISBN
795:ISBN
738:ISBN
711:ISBN
648:2019
583:OCLC
554:and
342:The
335:and
296:MOPR
275:and
96:The
513:man
135:in
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