348:
818:, the Bavarian Army had an effective strength of 87,214 men including 4,089 officers, physicians, veterinarians and officials; and 83,125 NCOs and other ranks, plus 16,918 horses. With the beginning of mobilisation on 1 August 1914, the supreme command of the Bavarian field army passed from the 4th Army Inspectorate to the German Emperor. Units in Bavaria remained under the command of the Bavarian War Ministry. The Bavarian Army — consisting of the three Bavarian Army Corps, the Bavarian Cavalry Division — was bolstered by the addition of the XXI Corps (of two divisions, recruited largely in the
166:
178:
455:, the army consisted of eight infantry, two dragoon and three cuirassier regiments, and a brigade of artillery. In 1757, one of the cuirassier regiments was disbanded and its men distributed among the other regiments, while only one company of dragoons in each regiment was mounted. Infantry regiments consisted of two battalions with four Füsilierkompanien (each of 130 men) and one infantry company (100 men) as well as two four-Pounder
142:
33:
893:
1542:
550:, reformed the army along French lines, and it soon became the most modern in Germany, and the first in Germany to abolish flogging. The field army was based largely on compulsory military service. A national guard with three classes was also developed (1st class: Reserve battalions of the Line regiments; 2nd class: Territorial army; 3rd class: Citizen levy).
1157:
The
Bavarian Army had a smaller proportion of aristocratic officers than the Prussian Army: in 1832 there were 1.86 common officers for every one noble; by 1862 it was 2.34 commoners for every noble and by the outbreak of the First World War 5.66. Since the dissolution in 1826 of the Lifeguard unit,
647:
In 1815, the 7th (National) Light
Cavalry regiment was formed into two Cuirassier regiments. The Hussars and Uhlans were disbanded in 1822. Following the recommendations of the Military Savings Commission in 1826, one infantry regiment was converted into two Jäger battalions, and the Grenadier Guard
429:, the Bavarian Army ceased to exist as a coherent fighting force, though small remainders continued to fight until the end of the war. Bavaria was occupied by Austrian forces during the war, which led to a rising of the people, bloodily put down at the so-called "Murderous Christmas of Sendling" (
1179:
The
Bavarian NCO Corps consisted of long-serving and career soldiers, usually recruited from those completing military service. There was a strict career separation between officers and NCOs. This led to substantial social problems during World War I, because qualified NCOs were blocked from
797:, its own troops, War Ministry and military justice system, but it was also excluded from the Empire-wide regimental re-numbering of the army regiments and would only come under Imperial control in times of war. Bavaria also kept its light-blue infantry uniforms, the
519:
found the army in abject condition on his accession to the throne in 1799: hardly any of the units were at full strength, the
Rumford uniforms were unpopular and impractical, and the troops were badly-trained. The young Prince-Elector, who had served under the
402:. The traditional mid-blue colour was already in wide use among the Bavarian infantry and would be used throughout from 1684. The cuirassiers and artillery wore light grey tunics, while the dragoons wore red or blue tunics. The army distinguished itself under
704:(parliament), and to the military leadership. Thanks to constant cuts in the military budget, the Bavarian war ministry did not see itself in a position to accomplish manoeuvres above the brigade level. Apart from Prince Karl, and General von
459:. The nominal strength of approximately 1,800 men for each regiment was never reached in the field. While the Lifeguard regiment had three battalions, only two stood in the field. Ten battalions of infantry were made available to the
1444:
510:
1790 brought a fundamental reform of the
Bavarian Army. All field troops received an identically-cut uniform, including a leather helmet with a horsehair plume, known as the "Rumford Casket" after the then Minister for War
486:
is often known as the "Potato War" due to the amount of time and effort the sides expended in securing food supplies and denying them to the enemy, and the war actually passed relatively uneventfully for the
Bavarian army.
541:
battalions. The cavalry consisted of three regiments of light cavalry and two each of dragoons and cuirassiers. The infantry returned to their traditional light blue and, in 1801, all branches of service introduced the
1253:
The bulk of the
Bavarian Army was housed in fortresses, secularised monasteries and former castles. The first co-ordinated programme of barracks-building took place in 1806 (such as the New Isar Barracks), and after a
627:
ended in a narrow defeat for his Austro-Bavarian corps. The campaign of 1814 began badly for the Allies, but Wrede made up for his earlier defeat with valuable victories over his former allies at the battles of
329:
dynasty with sufficient scope of action, in the context of effective alliance politics, to transform
Bavaria from a territorially-disjointed small state to the second-largest state of the German Empire after
639:
In 1814, the
Bavarian Army consisted of a Grenadier Guard regiment, 16 regiments of Line Infantry, two battalions of Jäger, seven regiments of light cavalry (of which one was territorial), one regiment of
1437:
1430:
676:
868:
and the confusion surrounding its overthrow and the defeat of its "Red Army" persuaded the drafters of the
Bamberg Constitution of 1919 to relinquish military sovereignty to the
648:
regiment into an Infantry lifeguard regiment. The Garde du Corps became the 1st Cuirassier Regiment, and the former 1st Cuirassier Regiment was merged into the 2nd Regiment.
803:(until 1886), the Light Cavalry and some other peculiarities. The officers and men of the Bavarian Army continued to swear their oaths to the King of Bavaria and not the
709:
325:) of Bavaria into that of the German State in 1919. The Bavarian Army was never comparable to the armies of the Great Powers of the 19th century, but it did provide the
284:
738:
led to a worsening in relations between Prussia and France in 1870, von Prankh mobilised the two Bavarian army corps on 14 July. The Bavarian Army Corps fought in the
1338:
1412:
607:, the Bavarian army suffered terrible losses - of about 33,000 men (including following reinforcements) who marched in 1812, only 4,000 returned. Pressed by the
565:'s advancing army and to prepare the counter-attack, which took place quickly, methodically and thoroughly. 30,000 Bavarian troops took part in the successful
1168:
789:, Bavaria was able to secure for itself extensive rights, in particular regarding military sovereignty. Not only did the army retain, like the kingdoms of
872:. At any rate, the regular Bavarian troops had been demobilised after the war to the extent that most of the fighting against the Red Army was done by
347:
437:). By 1701, the composition of the army was the same as that during the Turkish wars, only now with three regiments each of cuirassiers and dragoons.
403:
807:. Nevertheless, the uniform cut, equipment and training was standardised to the Prussian model. When field-grey uniforms were introduced, only the
1158:
there was no specific Guard regiment. Only in the following units was the proportion of aristocratic officers considerably higher than average:
849:
in 1916 largely on account of his outstanding ability; however, after Frontiers, the units under his command came largely from outside Bavaria.
644:, two Hussar regiments, one regiment of Garde du Corps (mounted royal bodyguard), two regiments of foot artillery and one of horse-artillery.
499:
1376:
546:, a helmet with a fore-and-aft horsehair plume, which became characteristic of the Bavarian army. Capable generals, such as Deroy, Wrede and
1627:
1333:
841:, the last time that it fought together as a single unit: the exclusive Bavarian command of Bavarian forces began to be diluted from the
1223:
In 1809, after the French model, the territorial forces were converted into a national guard, which from 1814 to 1868 was known as the
831:
573:, the Bavarians secured the flanks and supply lines of Napoleon's army and in 1806-7 they forced several Prussian forts to surrender.
1617:
1495:
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116:
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1038:
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line added eight regiments to the infantry in 1777, and the Palatine troops brought with them a lighter blue tunic colour. The
441:
1371:]. Schriftenreihe zur bayerischen Landesgeschichte (in German). Vol. 175. Munich: C.H.Beck. pp. 35–39, 134–139.
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in 1809, which could only be put down with French assistance. When Austria attacked Bavaria once more that same year in the
97:
1525:
1192:. The system offered the possibility for men to buy exemption from conscription by means of paying a substitute, called an
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1090:
1085:
1080:
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743:
615:, King Maximilan I Josef turned with a heavy heart away from the French and changed to the Allied camp shortly before the
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372:
364:
227:
69:
1612:
672:
1568:
1556:
1208:
971:
965:
948:
939:
919:
913:
747:
728:
675:. The rapid Prussian advance meant that Karl was unable to link up with the western forces of the Confederation under
554:
1580:
1562:
1058:
1053:
1048:
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76:
1211:
abolished the use of substitutes, introduced compulsory conscription for three years, and instituted the {{lang|de|
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power-politics. At a field camp in Schwabing on 12 October 1682, the newly recruited troops, under the command of
43:
1622:
1021:
794:
762:
604:
691:(of which only the fortress and part of the city could be held). On 1 August, a Prussian reserve corps occupied
1134:
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reorganisations in Autumn 1914 onwards. Rupprecht held command for the duration of the war and was promoted to
827:
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547:
464:
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272:
83:
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1321:
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In 1785, the infantry's uniform changed to white, and the cuirassiers abandoned their traditional armour.
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to War Minister von Lüder, and contributed crucially to the modernisation of the Bavarian Army with his
304:
171:
1489:
708:, no Bavarian general had ever commanded a division before. The newspapers also criticised the role of
1231:
of the Kingdom of Bavaria. During the 1868 reforms, the older classes of reserves became known as the
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1309:
842:
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was initially successful, but the campaign ended once again with an Austrian occupation of Bavaria.
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739:
652:
608:
561:, they found a powerful army. The Bavarians initially retreated, but only in order to link up with
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The line infantry was reduced to ten regiments, which were made up to their full strength. The two
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according to Bavaria's Imperial military obligations. They fought unsuccessfully at Schweidnitz,
426:
308:
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183:
543:
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Im Kampf an der Seite Napoleons. Erfahrungen bayerischer Soldaten in den Napoleonischen Kriegen
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1st Royal Bavarian Heavy Cavalry Regiment "Prince Karl of Bavaria" (formerly 1st Cuirassiers).
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223:
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was forced to abdicate, Bavaria retained its military sovereignty. However, the rise of the
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90:
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243:
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Bavaria placed at first two and later three army corps in the army of the German Empire:
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In the fight at Napoleon's side. Experiences of Bavarian soldiers in the Napoleonic Wars
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of 1866 was only concluded on 22 June, by which time the Prussian Army was almost in
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316:
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During World War I, around 200,000 soldiers of the Royal Bavarian Army were killed.
723:
as the new War Minister on 1 August. Von Prankh already had political experience as
367:. Moreover, the establishment of a standing army was increasingly seen as a sign of
146:
Flag of a Royal Bavarian Army Infantry Regiment bearing King Ludwig's royal monogram
1189:
557:, but in 1805 when Austria attacked Bavaria for the third time in 100 years in the
368:
17:
1262:). In 1838, Bavaria maintained seven fortresses, with another under construction:
596:, predominantly Bavarian, which led the early campaigning against Austria. At the
1320:
The museum for the Bavarian Army was moved from the Hofgarten in Munich into the
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outbreak in 1881, modern buildings with married quarters were built (such as the
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1188:
According to the Constitution of 1808, recruitment was according to a system of
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and a blue-and-white lozenge edging to the collar distinguished Bavarian units.
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1401:] (in German). Vol. 1. Freiburg im Breisgau. 1854. pp. 441–444.
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The difficulties of the Bavarian Army were attributed mainly to the Bavarian
659:. The war went very badly for the Bavarians. The Bavarian Commander-in-Chief
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In 1800, Bavaria reluctantly fought on Austria's side against France in the
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1204:("Stand-In"), to serve in their place (which had to be for a longer time).
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Bavaria also maintained troops in the German Confederation fortresses of
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1st Royal Bavarian Uhlan Regiment "Emperor Wilhelm II, King of Prussia"
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also took responsibility for supervising the veterans' associations.
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908:
641:
422:
213:
777:. Over 5,000 Bavarian soldiers died during the Franco-Prussian War.
600:, the contribution of Bavarian forces was decisive to the outcome.
1339:
Quartermaster Generals and Chiefs of the General Staff of the Army
891:
746:(the I Army Corps under von der Tann, and the II Army Corps under
580:
as a reward, but unrest erupted into a full-blown rebellion under
497:
399:
346:
1308:. The fortress of Germersheim was de-fortified according to the
203:
1426:
1305:
343:
1682–1790: From the first standing army to the Napoleonic Wars
26:
530:
regiment, made the reconstruction of the army a priority.
319:
of Bavaria until the merger of the military sovereignty (
671:
when he heard of the Hanoverians' surrender after the
506:
from the 2nd Light Infantry Battalion Dietfurth, 1806.
494:
1790–1871: The Napoleonic Wars until the German Empire
379:, were officially taken into Bavarian service. Seven
351:
Uniforms of the Bavarian cavalry regiments, 1682–1726
876:
units and other German troops from outside Bavaria.
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1458:
683:. After fierce fighting, the Bavarians withdrew to
266:
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57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
619:. The attempt by Wrede to stop the victory of the
363:of 1681 obliged Bavaria to provide troops for the
569:and the consequent liberation of Bavaria. At the
478:The unification between the Wittelsbachs and the
663:, who also commanded the southern forces of the
1453:Standing German armies in the Holy Roman Empire
1213:Einjährig-Freiwilliger}} ("One Year Volunteer")
826:), and transported to the Western Front as the
719:appointed the battle-hardened veteran General
1438:
576:Bavaria was awarded the Austrian province of
129:Army of the Electorate and Kingdom of Bavaria
8:
1240:
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1193:
896:Structure of the Royal Bavarian Army in 1914
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734:When the candidacy to the Spanish throne of
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430:
356:
320:
1169:Royal Bavarian Infantry Lifeguards Regiment
1445:
1431:
1423:
1411:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
140:
404:Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1355:
1404:
588:, Napoleon's army was concentrated in
444:to gain the Imperial crown during the
131:
679:, so the Bavarian troops withdrew to
651:The mobilisation of the army for the
7:
1334:Ministry of War (Kingdom of Bavaria)
55:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
787:Constitution of the German Empire
667:, was hurrying to the aid of the
537:regiments were divided into four
1540:
1296:Germersheim (under construction)
837:The Bavarian Army fought at the
761:and took part in the Battles of
471:in 1757, as well as at Troppau,
421:, Bavaria fought on the side of
176:
164:
31:
1059:16th Bavarian Infantry Division
1054:15th Bavarian Infantry Division
1049:14th Bavarian Infantry Division
1044:12th Bavarian Infantry Division
1039:11th Bavarian Infantry Division
1034:10th Bavarian Infantry Division
1005:XV Royal Bavarian Reserve Corps
1000:II Royal Bavarian Reserve Corps
736:Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern
42:needs additional citations for
1399:Herder's Conversations Lexicon
1123:6th Bavarian Landwehr Division
1118:2nd Bavarian Landwehr Division
1113:1st Bavarian Landwehr Division
1101:39th Bavarian Reserve Division
1096:30th Bavarian Reserve Division
995:I Royal Bavarian Reserve Corps
744:Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm
742:as part of the III Army under
524:in France as a colonel in the
484:War of the Bavarian Succession
446:War of the Austrian Succession
315:. It existed from 1682 as the
240:War of the Bavarian Succession
232:War of the Austrian Succession
1:
1593:Army of the Holy Roman Empire
1394:Herders Conversations-Lexikon
1091:9th Bavarian Reserve Division
1086:8th Bavarian Reserve Division
1081:6th Bavarian Reserve Division
1076:5th Bavarian Reserve Division
1071:1st Bavarian Reserve Division
419:War of the Spanish Succession
228:War of the Spanish Succession
1180:promotion to officer ranks.
858:German Revolution of 1918–19
781:1871–1918: The German Empire
715:Due to this criticism, King
1628:German Army (German Empire)
888:Pre and early World War One
748:Jakob Freiherr von Hartmann
592:, and it was troops of the
555:War of the Second Coalition
440:The attempt by the Elector
395:were set up, along with an
1644:
1586:
1282:Rothenberg bei Schnaittach
594:Confederation of the Rhine
586:War of the Fifth Coalition
559:War of the Third Coalition
425:. Following defeat at the
410:, particularly during the
1550:Armies of the Electorates
1538:
1459:Imperial and state armies
1363:Lintner, Philipp (2021).
1022:Bavarian Cavalry Division
984:Raised during World War I
677:Prince Alexander of Hesse
371:and an important tool of
139:
1618:Former armies by country
1135:Bavarian Ersatz Division
866:Bavarian Soviet Republic
451:At the beginning of the
433:Sendlinger Mordweihnacht
1260:Prince Leopold Barracks
839:Battle of the Frontiers
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1225:
1200:
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832:Crown Prince Rupprecht
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377:Hannibal von Degenfeld
359:Reichskriegsverfassung
357:
352:
321:
895:
830:under the command of
673:Battle of Langensalza
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350:
307:(1682–1806) and then
172:Electorate of Bavaria
1502:Mecklenburg military
1484:Hesse-Darmstadt Army
1310:Treaty of Versailles
1279:Rosenberg ob Kronach
843:Imperial German Army
814:At the beginning of
753:The Bavarians under
721:Siegmund von Pranckh
665:German Confederation
571:Battle of Austerlitz
303:was the army of the
51:improve this article
1613:Military of Bavaria
1291:Marienberg Fortress
740:Franco-Prussian War
653:Austro-Prussian War
475:and Neiße in 1758.
387:, two regiments of
285:Ludwig von der Tann
252:Franco-Prussian War
248:Austro-Prussian War
18:Royal Bavarian Army
1107:Bavarian Landwehr:
1028:Bavarian infantry:
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755:Jakob von Hartmann
669:Kingdom of Hanover
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427:Battle of Blenheim
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289:Oskar von Xylander
281:Jakob von Hartmann
184:Kingdom of Bavaria
1600:
1599:
1490:Hesse-Kassel Army
1378:978-3-406-10790-0
1065:Bavarian reserve:
1016:Bavarian cavalry:
617:Battle of Leipzig
412:Siege of Belgrade
408:Great Turkish War
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224:Great Turkish War
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16:(Redirected from
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539:light infantry
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931:II Army Corps
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854:German Empire
852:Although the
850:
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847:Field Marshal
844:
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681:Bad Kissingen
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582:Andreas Hofer
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522:Ancien Régime
518:
517:Maximilian IV
514:
513:Count Rumford
505:
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398:
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365:Imperial army
361:
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349:
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337:
335:
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328:
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318:
317:standing army
314:
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306:
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301:Bavarian Army
296:Military unit
290:
286:
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273:Maximilian II
271:
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135:Bavarian Army
133:
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110:
107:December 2022
99:
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92:
89:
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78:
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71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
1583: |
1577: |
1571: |
1565: |
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1528: |
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1508:Münster Army
1504: |
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1398:
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1190:conscription
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988:
987:
972:6th Division
968:in Nuremberg
966:5th Division
949:4th Division
940:3rd Division
920:2nd Division
914:1st Division
905:I Army Corps
899:
878:
856:fell in the
851:
836:
813:
784:
752:
733:
714:
710:von der Tann
697:
650:
646:
638:
634:Bar-sur-Aube
621:Grande Armée
611:and General
609:Crown Prince
602:
575:
567:Siege of Ulm
552:
532:
525:
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489:
477:
450:
439:
416:
354:
300:
298:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1293:in Würzburg
1184:Recruitment
951:in Würzburg
860:, and King
816:World War I
795:Württemberg
759:Wissembourg
685:Schweinfurt
661:Prince Karl
515:. However,
417:During the
406:during the
393:cuirassiers
391:and two of
327:Wittelsbach
256:World War I
220:Engagements
210:Garrison/HQ
1607:Categories
1587:See also:
1575:Palatinate
1520:Saxon Army
1466:Baden Army
1350:References
1344:Hartschier
1322:New Castle
1270:Ingolstadt
1147:Alpenkorps
976:Regensburg
862:Ludwig III
824:Westphalia
800:Raupenhelm
544:Raupenhelm
480:Palatinate
373:absolutist
322:Wehrhoheit
305:Electorate
269:commanders
262:Commanders
190:Allegiance
77:newspapers
1407:cite book
1266:Forchheim
1249:Garrisons
1235:Landsturm
1195:Einsteher
1175:NCO corps
1011:Divisions
961:Nuremberg
916:in Munich
883:Structure
874:Freikorps
820:Rhineland
717:Ludwig II
693:Nuremberg
461:Habsburgs
397:artillery
381:regiments
155:1682–1919
1526:Würzburg
1328:See also
1286:Wülzburg
1242:Landwehr
1227:Landwehr
1219:Landwehr
1215:system.
935:Würzburg
924:Augsburg
773:and the
767:Beaumont
757:stormed
725:adjutant
689:Würzburg
563:Napoleon
389:dragoons
385:infantry
1569:Cologne
1557:Hanover
1256:typhoid
809:cockade
785:In the
729:reforms
701:Landtag
657:Bohemia
603:In the
504:schütze
469:Leuthen
465:Breslau
338:History
332:Prussia
313:Bavaria
309:Kingdom
267:Notable
160:Country
91:scholar
1375:
1316:Museum
1302:Landau
1239:. The
944:Landau
909:Munich
791:Saxony
642:Uhlans
473:Olmütz
423:France
214:Munich
200:Branch
181:
169:
152:Active
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1581:Trier
1563:Mainz
1397:[
1367:[
989:Corps
771:Sedan
763:Wörth
613:Wrede
590:Spain
578:Tyrol
548:Triva
535:Jäger
400:corps
98:JSTOR
84:books
1591:and
1413:link
1373:ISBN
1304:and
1207:The
822:and
793:and
687:and
632:and
467:and
355:The
299:The
204:Army
70:news
1306:Ulm
974:in
959:in
942:in
933:in
922:in
907:in
750:).
383:of
53:by
1609::
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1405:{{
1312:.
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731:.
712:.
695:.
636:.
502:A
414:.
334:.
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1381:.
120:)
114:(
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105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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