1446:
402:
20:
1056:
448:, armed only with sabres, rifles and hand grenades charged an Allied column which included armoured vehicles. They passed unhurt through the Allied force who were caught unaware. Guillet then turned to charge again. In the meantime however, the Allies had organised themselves and fired horizontally with their howitzers, inflicting heavy losses on the Italian-led troops and their horses. This was the last cavalry charge
278:
1789:
142:. In January 1941, Commonwealth and Free French forces invaded Italian-occupied Ethiopia and the majority of the newly recruited Ethiopian Ascaris serving with the Italian Army in East Africa deserted. Most of the Eritrean Ascaris however remained loyal until the Italian surrender four months later.
89:
Except for the German parachute division in Italy and the
Japanese in Burma no enemy with whom the British and Indian troops were matched put up a finer fight than those Savoia battalions at Keren (Eritrea). Moreover, the Colonial troops, until they cracked at the very end, fought with valour and
455:
Guillet's
Eritrean ascaris suffered losses of about 800 in little more than two years. In March 1941 his forces found themselves stranded outside the Italian lines. Guillet began a private war against the Allies. Hiding his uniform near a farm owned by Italian colonists, he conducted guerrilla
269:(staff-sergeants) were the senior Eritrean non-commissioned officers and were chosen according to their fighting performance in battle. All of the commissioned officers of the Eritrean Ascari were Italian, who wore similar uniforms and insignia to their counterparts in the regular Italian Army
174:
In 1885 the
Italian colonel Tancredi Saletta, commanding officer of the Italian troops during the conquest of Eritrea, brought the Basci Buzuks (with their armaments and families) into Italian service as irregular auxiliaries. In 1889 the first four regular battalions of Eritrean soldiers were
354:(1935–1936) the veteran Eritrean Ascaris, with their high morale and aggressive spirit, played a key role, often taking the lead during attacks. About 60,000 Eritreans served in both regular ascari units and in irregular bands. Nearly 5,000 Eritrean Ascaris were killed in this war.
502:
for nearly 140,000 Eritrean Ascari who had served in the
Italian Colonial Army. Even if the amount was minimal (the equivalent of $ 100 yearly), this was paid through the Italian Embassy in Asmara and was of some value in the underdeveloped economy of Eritrea after World War II.
225:
service with the Ascari had become the main source of paid employment for the indigenous male population of
Eritrea. During the expansion required by the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1936, 40% of eligible Eritreans were enrolled in these colonial troops.
245:
with coloured tufts and waist sashes that varied according to each unit. As examples, the 17th
Eritrean Battalion had black and white tufts and vertically striped sashes; while the 64th Eritrean Battalion wore both of these items in scarlet and purple.
615:
580:"The cavalry of the Gruppo Bande were recruited from all over Ethiopia and were Amharic speaking, hence the name. But the NCOs were Eritrean, and the officers were Italians, hand-picked by Amedeo himself" Along with this, the unit contained
510:, an elderly Ascari joined an Italian unit with his original uniform and rifle, stating that he had sworn a lifetime oath to "Italy, to the King and to the Duce." By the end of the mission he had been given the rank of marshal.
439:
advance from the North-West. His
Eritrean ascaris had some success in doing this but suffered many casualties. Guillet's most important battle happened towards the end of January 1941 at CherĂą when he decided to attack enemy
347:
on 1 March 1896. Of these, 2,000 ascari were killed and 800 were captured and mutilated by having their right hands and left feet amputated by the victorious
Ethiopians, who considered them to be traitors.
1012:
619:
2307:
1305:
1792:
The
Italian empire before WWII is shown in red. Pink areas were annexed/occupied for various periods between 1940 and 1943. Italian concessions and forts in China are not shown.
1005:
296:. They were accordingly widely employed in other Italian colonial possessions in Africa. Eritrean NCOs were seconded to newly raised Somali and Ethiopian units after 1936.
1434:
2312:
1045:
1510:
998:
1073:
1412:
513:
In 1993, 1,100 Ascari were still living in
Eritrea. By 2006 only 260 were known to still be alive. One surviving ascari, Beraki Ghebreslasie, lives in
1966:
1219:
867:
2251:
1609:
72:
1285:
979:
642:
456:
raids with his remaining askaris against Allied forces for almost eight months. He was one of the most famous Italian "guerrilla officers" in
2214:
1427:
760:
507:
2343:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1137:
124:
238:
clothing was subsequently adopted for active service and ordinary duties, though the white uniforms were retained for ceremonial duties.
2082:
1818:
2338:
1886:
2062:
2266:
2133:
1559:
1505:
1381:
944:
789:
691:
461:
374:
1918:
64:
495:
in 1947, the Italian government had created organizations dedicated to the welfare of former Ascaris living in Italy and Eritrea.
90:
resolution, and their staunchness was a testimony to the excellence of the Italian administration and military training in Eritrea
2353:
2246:
1420:
2317:
2179:
1871:
1391:
1300:
526:
1537:
2204:
2158:
1856:
1366:
40:
112:
815:
2241:
2231:
2226:
1876:
1744:
1718:
1713:
1650:
1517:
1484:
1376:
1371:
1193:
2022:
1942:
1934:
1881:
1866:
1813:
1734:
1522:
1474:
1211:
1203:
1188:
1035:
855:
831:
485:
728:
717:
670:
2236:
1861:
1693:
1178:
351:
120:
603:
288:
The Eritrean Ascari were considered the best of Italy's colonial soldiers, with a reputation similar to that of the
1542:
1132:
130:
Out of a total of 256,000 Italian troops serving in Italian East Africa in 1940, about 182,000 were recruited from
2287:
2117:
2112:
2087:
1833:
1739:
1532:
1295:
1127:
413:
333:
63:
These regular troops played an important role in the initial conquest of the various colonial possessions of the
234:
Until 1915 Eritrean units wore white uniforms comprising long coats and loosely cut trousers for all occasions.
2348:
2297:
1626:
1315:
1310:
1260:
313:
99:. These troops comprised infantry, cavalry and some light artillery units. They were recruited initially from
2292:
2077:
2067:
1926:
1527:
1173:
1152:
492:
449:
394:
One of the most famous Italian officers who commanded groups of Eritrean Ascari in Ethiopia and Eritrea was
303:
1059:
Eritrea Italiana. Red points are the new borders of Eritrea, enlarged in 1936 in the Governorate of Eritrea
974:
706:
157:
is the Arab word for "soldier". The Eritrean Ascari originated from a mercenary Arab group employed by the
2174:
2107:
2092:
1986:
1386:
1234:
436:
378:
215:
1554:
339:
About six thousand Eritrean Ascaris, serving in both infantry and artillery units, were present at the
171:
adventurer Sagiak Hassan, who worked for local Eritrean tribes in the second half of the 19th century.
1828:
1769:
1658:
249:
The Eritrean Ascari had the following ranks, from simple soldier to senior non commissioned officer:
1991:
1961:
1848:
1678:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1320:
1265:
1112:
739:
639:
465:
401:
116:
96:
2097:
1971:
1764:
1616:
1582:
950:
Volterra, Alessandro. "Sudditi coloniali< Ascari eritrei 1935-1941". FranAngeli, Milano, 2005
556:
48:
19:
1976:
1823:
1774:
1683:
1663:
1631:
1621:
1479:
1466:
1345:
1330:
1255:
1239:
1117:
940:
917:
909:
785:
756:
687:
536:
477:
323:
2282:
2221:
2072:
2027:
1891:
1673:
1637:
1547:
1445:
1290:
1280:
1168:
1147:
1122:
1040:
362:
329:
211:
2261:
1838:
1577:
1361:
1142:
1107:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1055:
1021:
819:
646:
424:. This force was primarily a cavalry one, but also included camel mounted troops and some
282:
135:
131:
1270:
183:. They were successfully used in battle by the Italians, for the first time, against the
990:
476:
Many Eritrean Ascari fought for the independence of Eritrea after WWII. Among these was
2199:
2143:
2042:
2017:
2001:
1996:
1688:
1569:
1450:
1401:
1340:
1335:
1229:
1198:
561:
551:
441:
405:
395:
370:
361:
a number of Eritrean Ascari were awarded the Gold Medal for Military Honor at both the
340:
293:
184:
179:. Those Eritrean troops were incorporated into the Italian colonial Army with the name
158:
68:
277:
2332:
2256:
2148:
2102:
1981:
1668:
1325:
1224:
1183:
203:
104:
206:
called "meharisti" had been added. Those Eritrean camel units were also deployed in
2153:
2138:
1091:
984:
499:
358:
163:
868:""Viva il Duce, viva il Re". l'Onore di Scirè, l'ascari ancora fedele all'Italia"
1587:
959:
880:
812:
317:
307:
235:
222:
95:
The Italian Army made extensive use of locally recruited indigenous soldiers in
76:
616:"Original Video of Eritrean Ascari in British Somaliland conquest (in Italian)"
1788:
801:
432:
366:
202:) and mountain artillery batteries were subsequently raised. By 1922 units of
835:
964:
921:
242:
100:
2184:
1396:
546:
67:. They subsequently acted as garrison and internal security forces in the
1705:
969:
421:
344:
195:
139:
107:, with Italian officers and some non-commissioned officers. The Italian
2037:
1494:
1275:
775:
Raffaele Ruggeri, "Le Guerre Coloniali Italiane 1885/1900", Milano 1988
531:
457:
168:
108:
32:
930:
Italian colonialism in Eritrea 1882-1941 (Politics, Praxis and Impact)
2302:
2194:
2032:
581:
541:
452:
forces faced and the last but one in the history of Italian cavalry.
382:
289:
176:
154:
36:
299:
Notable events in the history of Italy's Eritrean Ascaris included:
2189:
431:
At the end of 1940 the Allied forces faced Guillet on the road to
425:
400:
276:
207:
188:
18:
514:
1416:
994:
813:
British article on Guillet's life and his Gruppo Bande tigray
784:
David Nicole , "The Italian Invasion of Abyssinia 1935-36",
435:
close to CherĂą. He was charged with the task of slowing the
2308:
Postage stamps and postal history of Italian East Africa
1306:
Postage stamps and postal history of Italian East Africa
369:. Some of the remaining Ascari fought with lieutenant
987:
Collection of about 200 pictures listed by categories
856:
Photo of Hamid Idris Awate as Eritrean Ascari officer
412:
At the beginning of World War II the Italian Viceroy
167:. This irregular force was created in Eritrea by the
420:, an irregular unit made up mainly of recruits from
416:
gave lieutenant Guillet command of the 2,500 strong
281:
Graves of unknown Ascaris killed in 1941 during the
241:
Eritrean regiments in Italian service wore high red
2275:
2167:
2126:
2055:
2010:
1954:
1911:
1904:
1847:
1806:
1799:
1727:
1704:
1649:
1568:
1493:
1464:
1457:
1354:
1248:
1161:
1100:
1066:
1028:
914:Eastern Epic: September 1939 – March 1943 Defence
198:battalions, although Eritrean cavalry squadrons (
71:, and finally served in large numbers during the
2313:Postage stamps and postal history of Oltre Giuba
1046:List of governors-general of Italian East Africa
16:Italian colonial soldiers recruited from Eritrea
2002:Lighthouse "Francesco Crispi" (Cape Guardafui)
1428:
1006:
390:Amedeo Guillet and his "Gruppo Bande Eritrea"
194:Initially the Eritrean Ascari comprised only
8:
916:. Vol. I. London: Chatto & Windus.
604:Postcards showing Eritrean Ascari battalions
802:http://www.amedeoguillet.com/ww2-in-africa/
729:Ascari: the brave Italian soldiers of color
684:The Italian Army 1940-45 (2) Africa 1940-43
671:Ascari: the brave Italian soldiers of color
1908:
1803:
1461:
1435:
1421:
1413:
1013:
999:
991:
498:In 1950 the Italian authorities created a
1719:Concessions & Forts of Italy in China
881:Beraki and old Ascari photos (in Italian)
138:and the just recently occupied (1935–36)
1967:Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, Asmara
1787:
1220:Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, Asmara
1054:
1036:King & Emperor Vittorio Emanuele III
975:Website dedicated to the Eritrean Ascari
718:The Eritrean Ascari against the Dervisci
484:because he fired the first shots of the
640:History of Eritrean Ascari (in Italian)
596:
573:
508:UN Intervention in the Somali civil war
408:and his "Gruppo Bande a Cavallo Amhara"
29:Royal Corps Of Eritrean Colonial Troops
2252:Italian Somali Divisions (101 and 102)
428:infantry led by Eritrean Ascari NCOs.
73:Italian conquest of British Somaliland
1750:Tentative to occupy French Somaliland
1022:Eritrea italiana (Colonia Primigenia)
751:McLachlan, Sean (20 September 2011).
740:Ascari del tenente Indro (in Italian)
682:Jowett, Philip S. (25 January 2001).
7:
2118:History of Italian colonial railways
932:. Uppsala University. Uppsala, 1987.
898:. Uppsala University. Uppsala, 2000.
381:after the Italian Army surrender in
800:WW2 in Africa, Sebastion O'kelly,
472:Eritrean Ascari after World War II
343:where they fought against 120,000
14:
753:Armies of the Adowa Campaign 1896
460:and northern Ethiopia during the
2267:Italian guerrilla units (A.O.I.)
2247:Italian Libyan Colonial Division
1444:
1382:Italian guerrilla units (A.O.I.)
980:Ascari in Rome 1937 (in Italian)
903:Italian Foreign Policy 1870–1940
2318:Postage stamps of Italian Libya
2180:Bands (Italian Army irregulars)
1041:Prime Minister Benito Mussolini
937:Encyclopedia of African History
896:Eritrea: The making of a Nation
527:Bands (Italian Army irregulars)
55:) during the period 1889–1941.
45:Regio Corpo di Truppe Coloniali
2205:Royal Corps of Colonial Troops
2043:Addis Abeba under Italian rule
1714:Italian concession of Tientsin
1367:Royal Corps of Colonial Troops
491:After the official end of the
464:, a failed attempt to prevent
41:Royal Corps of Colonial Troops
31:were indigenous soldiers from
1:
2242:2nd Libyan Division Pescatori
2232:Italian 2nd Eritrean Division
2227:Italian 1st Eritrean Division
2063:Mogadishu–Villabruzzi Railway
1377:Italian 2nd Eritrean Division
1372:Italian 1st Eritrean Division
1194:Massaua International Airport
970:Institute of Eritrean Culture
210:after 1932. During the 1930s
2023:Mogadishu under Italian rule
1523:Independent State of Croatia
1301:Banca per l'Africa Orientale
1189:Asmara International Airport
1074:Italian Governors of Eritrea
486:Eritrean War of Independence
352:Italian conquest of Ethiopia
2344:Military history of Eritrea
2237:1st Libyan Division Sibille
2083:Railway stations in Eritrea
1943:Asmara Presidential Palace
1694:Southern Military Territory
1555:Italian Province of Lubiana
1321:Football in Italian Eritrea
1281:Italian language in Eritrea
1212:Asmara Presidential Palace
1179:Railway stations in Eritrea
939:. CRC Press. London, 2005.
707:Ascari:the lions of Eritrea
121:Second Italo-Abyssinian War
2370:
1770:Ticino, Valais and Grisons
1543:Principality of the Pindus
1276:Massaua under Italian rule
1133:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2339:Military history of Italy
2288:Italian East African lira
2088:Rail transport in Somalia
1785:
1560:Governorate of Montenegro
1296:Italian East African lira
1271:Asmara under Italian rule
1128:First Italo-Ethiopian War
1052:
965:Photos of Eritrean Ascari
113:First Italo–Ethiopian War
2298:Italian Somaliland rupia
1800:Settlers and Irredentism
1627:Galla-Sidamo Governorate
1316:Italian Eritrean cuisine
1311:Eritrean Catholic Church
1078:Governorate of Eritrea:
960:The Museum of the Ascari
488:against the Ethiopians.
314:Second Battle of Agordat
23:Eritrean Ascaris in 1889
2354:Italian colonial troops
2293:Italian Somaliland lira
2113:Libyan Railway stations
2078:Asmara-Massawa Cableway
2068:Ethio-Djibouti Railways
1286:Liceo Marconi di Asmara
1174:Asmara-Massawa Cableway
1153:Eritrea (colonial ship)
304:First Battle of Agordat
35:, who were enrolled as
2175:Italian African Police
2108:Italian Libya Railways
1987:Fiat Tagliero Building
1807:Settlers and colonists
1793:
1387:Italian African Police
1235:Fiat Tagliero Building
1060:
468:from being dissolved.
409:
285:
103:and subsequently from
93:
79:campaign of 1940-41 .
24:
2276:Currencies and Stamps
1877:Istria-Venezia Giulia
1791:
1518:Islands of the Aegean
1138:East African Campaign
1058:
462:Italian guerrilla war
404:
292:in the forces of the
280:
273:Performance in battle
218:units to the Ascari.
125:East African Campaign
86:
22:
935:Shillington, Kevin.
657:Mackenzie, Compton.
418:Gruppo Bande Eritrea
414:Amedeo Duke of Aosta
2168:Police and military
1962:Mogadishu Cathedral
1605:Somalia Governorate
1600:Eritrea Governorate
1595:Italian East Africa
1475:Southeastern France
1266:Italian East Africa
1113:Eritrea Governorate
506:During the 1992-93
466:Italian East Africa
334:First Ethiopian War
261:(lance-sergeant) -
146:Development of the
117:Italian-Turkish War
97:Italian East Africa
2127:Political concepts
2098:Via della Vittoria
1972:Benghazi Cathedral
1935:Governor's Palace
1927:Governor's Palace
1919:Governor's Palace
1794:
1617:Amhara Governorate
1610:British Somaliland
1583:Italian Somaliland
1204:Governor's Palace
1061:
910:Mackenzie, Compton
905:. Routledge. 2002.
818:2011-07-21 at the
645:2009-05-04 at the
557:Hamid Idriss Awate
446:Gruppo Bande Tigre
410:
286:
230:Uniforms and ranks
123:and World War II (
49:Royal Italian Army
25:
2326:
2325:
2103:Linea dell'Impero
2051:
2050:
1977:Tripoli Cathedral
1900:
1899:
1783:
1782:
1728:Planned expansion
1684:Benghazi Province
1632:Scioa Governorate
1622:Harar Governorate
1410:
1409:
1346:Vincenzo DiMeglio
1256:Italian Eritreans
1184:Linea dell'Impero
1118:Battle of Kassala
985:Ascari of Eritrea
928:Negash, Tekeste.
832:"Amedeo Guillett"
762:978-1-84908-457-4
537:Italian Eritreans
482:Father of Eritrea
478:Hamid Idris Awate
385:in November 1941.
375:Italian guerrilla
324:Battle of Kassala
2361:
2283:Eritrean tallero
2222:Ascari del Cielo
2144:New Roman Empire
2073:Eritrean Railway
2028:Italian Benghazi
1946:
1938:
1930:
1922:
1909:
1804:
1679:Misrata Province
1674:Tripoli Province
1638:Italian Ethiopia
1462:
1449:
1448:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1414:
1291:Eritrean tallero
1249:Related articles
1215:
1207:
1169:Eritrean Railway
1148:Red Sea Flotilla
1123:Battle of Dogali
1029:Main authorities
1015:
1008:
1001:
992:
925:
883:
878:
872:
871:
864:
858:
853:
847:
846:
844:
843:
834:. Archived from
828:
822:
810:
804:
798:
792:
782:
776:
773:
767:
766:
748:
742:
737:
731:
726:
720:
715:
709:
704:
698:
697:
679:
673:
668:
662:
655:
649:
637:
631:
630:
628:
627:
618:. Archived from
612:
606:
601:
585:
578:
480:, nicknamed the
363:Battle of Cheren
330:Battle of Coatit
267:Sciumbasci-capos
265:(sergeant). The
212:Benito Mussolini
65:Kingdom of Italy
2369:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2349:Italian Eritrea
2329:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2271:
2262:Legione Redenta
2210:Eritrean Ascari
2163:
2122:
2047:
2038:Italian Massaua
2018:Italian Tripoli
2006:
1950:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1920:
1896:
1843:
1795:
1779:
1723:
1700:
1645:
1578:Italian Eritrea
1564:
1489:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1411:
1406:
1362:Eritrean Ascari
1355:Colonial troops
1350:
1244:
1213:
1205:
1162:Infrastructures
1157:
1143:Battle of Keren
1108:Italian Eritrea
1101:General History
1096:
1088:Vincenzo De Feo
1084:Alfredo Guzzoni
1080:Pietro Badoglio
1062:
1050:
1024:
1019:
956:
908:
894:Bereketeab, R.
891:
886:
879:
875:
866:
865:
861:
854:
850:
841:
839:
830:
829:
825:
820:Wayback Machine
811:
807:
799:
795:
783:
779:
774:
770:
763:
750:
749:
745:
738:
734:
727:
723:
716:
712:
705:
701:
694:
681:
680:
676:
669:
665:
656:
652:
647:Wayback Machine
638:
634:
625:
623:
614:
613:
609:
602:
598:
594:
589:
588:
579:
575:
570:
523:
474:
392:
326:- (Mahdist War)
283:Battle of Keren
275:
232:
151:
136:Italian Somalia
132:Italian Eritrea
85:
61:
59:Characteristics
17:
12:
11:
5:
2367:
2365:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2056:Infrastructure
2053:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:Italian Asmara
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1997:Asmara Theatre
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1915:
1913:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1689:Derna Province
1686:
1681:
1676:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1570:Horn of Africa
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1548:Ionian Islands
1545:
1540:
1538:Hellenic State
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1499:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1451:Italian Empire
1442:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1341:Asmara Brewery
1338:
1336:Asmara circuit
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1261:Imperial Italy
1258:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1240:Asmara's Opera
1237:
1232:
1230:Cicero Stadium
1227:
1222:
1217:
1209:
1201:
1199:Otumlo Airport
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1003:
995:
989:
988:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
955:
954:External links
952:
948:
947:
933:
926:
906:
899:
890:
887:
885:
884:
873:
859:
848:
823:
805:
793:
777:
768:
761:
755:. p. 23.
743:
732:
721:
710:
699:
692:
674:
663:
650:
632:
607:
595:
593:
590:
587:
586:
572:
571:
569:
566:
565:
564:
562:Amedeo Guillet
559:
554:
552:Italian Empire
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
522:
519:
493:Italian Empire
473:
470:
444:. At dawn the
442:armoured units
406:Amedeo Guillet
396:Amedeo Guillet
391:
388:
387:
386:
371:Amedeo Guillet
355:
348:
341:Battle of Adwa
337:
327:
321:
311:
294:British Empire
274:
271:
231:
228:
200:Penne di Falco
159:Ottoman Empire
150:
144:
111:fought in the
84:
81:
69:Italian Empire
60:
57:
53:Regio Esercito
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2366:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:Maletti Group
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2215:Somali Ascari
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:Spazio vitale
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:Greater Italy
2132:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:Cinema Impero
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1669:Italian Libya
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1467:Mediterranean
1463:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1225:Cinema Impero
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1002:
997:
996:
993:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
953:
951:
946:
945:1-57958-245-1
942:
938:
934:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
904:
900:
897:
893:
892:
888:
882:
877:
874:
869:
863:
860:
857:
852:
849:
838:on 2009-05-03
837:
833:
827:
824:
821:
817:
814:
809:
806:
803:
797:
794:
791:
790:1-85532-692-2
787:
781:
778:
772:
769:
764:
758:
754:
747:
744:
741:
736:
733:
730:
725:
722:
719:
714:
711:
708:
703:
700:
695:
693:1-85532-865-8
689:
686:. p. 6.
685:
678:
675:
672:
667:
664:
660:
654:
651:
648:
644:
641:
636:
633:
622:on 2011-07-07
621:
617:
611:
608:
605:
600:
597:
591:
583:
577:
574:
567:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
520:
518:
516:
511:
509:
504:
501:
496:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
471:
469:
467:
463:
459:
453:
451:
447:
443:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
407:
403:
399:
397:
389:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
353:
349:
346:
342:
338:
335:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
315:
312:
309:
305:
302:
301:
300:
297:
295:
291:
284:
279:
272:
270:
268:
264:
260:
257:(corporal) -
256:
252:
247:
244:
239:
237:
229:
227:
224:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
204:camel cavalry
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
172:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
149:
145:
143:
141:
137:
133:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
92:
91:
82:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
58:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
2209:
2154:Fourth Shore
2139:Mare Nostrum
1921:(Mogadishu)
1912:Governmental
1905:Architecture
1659:Tripolitania
1636:
1511:World War II
1458:Subdivisions
1092:Luigi Frusci
949:
936:
929:
913:
902:
895:
889:Bibliography
876:
862:
851:
840:. Retrieved
836:the original
826:
808:
796:
780:
771:
752:
746:
735:
724:
713:
702:
683:
677:
666:
659:Eastern Epic
658:
653:
635:
624:. Retrieved
620:the original
610:
599:
576:
512:
505:
500:pension fund
497:
490:
481:
475:
454:
450:Commonwealth
445:
430:
417:
411:
393:
377:against the
359:World War II
298:
287:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
248:
240:
233:
220:
216:armored cars
199:
193:
180:
173:
164:Basci Buzuks
162:
152:
147:
129:
94:
88:
87:
77:East African
62:
52:
44:
28:
26:
1992:Marble Arch
1887:Switzerland
1849:Irredentism
1588:Oltre Giuba
1506:World War I
901:Lowe, C.J.
870:. May 2017.
365:and at the
318:Mahdist War
308:Mahdist War
236:Khaki drill
223:World War I
214:added some
175:created in
161:and called
2333:Categories
2159:Third Rome
2093:Via Balbia
1929:(Tripoli)
1819:Dodecanese
1331:GS Melotti
842:2009-03-27
626:2011-07-07
592:References
433:Amba Alagi
367:Amba Alagi
345:Ethiopians
263:Sciumbasci
259:Bulukbasci
1945:(Asmara)
1937:(Asmara)
1664:Cyrenaica
1326:GS Asmara
1214:(Asmara)
1206:(Asmara)
1067:Governors
221:Prior to
153:The name
101:Eritreans
47:) of the
2011:Urbanism
1955:Civilian
1872:Dalmatia
1829:Ethiopia
1706:Far East
1528:Dalmatia
1502:Albania
1465:Western
922:59637091
912:(1951).
816:Archived
643:Archived
584:infantry
521:See also
422:Hamasien
196:infantry
185:Dervisci
169:Albanian
140:Ethiopia
75:and the
1857:Corsica
1839:Somalia
1824:Eritrea
1814:Albania
1775:Tunisia
1745:Majorca
1495:Balkans
1485:Corsica
532:Eritrea
458:Eritrea
373:in his
357:During
350:In the
290:Gurkhas
155:"ascar"
109:Askaris
105:Somalis
83:History
39:in the
37:askaris
33:Eritrea
2303:Somalo
2200:Spahis
2195:Savari
2185:Zaptié
1735:Adalia
1533:Greece
1480:Monaco
1402:Spahis
1397:Zaptié
943:
920:
788:
759:
690:
582:Yemeni
547:Zaptié
542:Dubats
437:Allied
426:Yemeni
383:Gondar
379:Allies
255:Muntaz
251:Ascari
243:fezzes
181:Ascari
177:Asmara
148:Ascari
119:, the
115:, the
2190:Dubat
1892:Corfu
1882:Malta
1867:Savoy
1834:Libya
1765:Malta
1760:Sudan
1755:Kenya
1740:Egypt
1651:Libya
1392:Bands
568:Notes
208:Libya
189:Sudan
1862:Nice
941:ISBN
918:OCLC
786:ISBN
757:ISBN
688:ISBN
661:p.61
515:Rome
27:The
332:- (
316:- (
306:- (
187:in
127:).
2335::
1090:,
1086:,
1082:,
517:.
398:.
253:-
191:.
134:,
1436:e
1429:t
1422:v
1014:e
1007:t
1000:v
924:.
845:.
765:.
696:.
629:.
336:)
320:)
310:)
51:(
43:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
