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703:(big head, green coat). By 1900 dark blue had become standard, although the style and headdress still varied according to the race of the police officer. The conical hat of Chinese personnel disappeared after the 1920s, and similar khaki drill (summer) and navy blue uniforms (winter) were worn by all personnel. Both Chinese and European officers wore the same black peaked caps with silver badges. The Sikhs however continued to be distinguished by red turbans. White tunics were worn by police bandsmen and senior officers for ceremonial occasions.
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of grip in both public and private sectors, and officials with strong values and
Victorian concepts of management and discipline were sent to raise standards. Strong leadership, both of Hong Kong and of the force, began to pay dividends towards the latter part of the 19th century, and business prospered accordingly. Piracy on the seas was a constant challenge for the Water Police.
36:
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476:. The 1950s saw the start of Hong Kong's forty-year rise to global eminence. Throughout this period, the Hong Kong Police had successfully tackled many issues that had challenged the city's stability. Between 1949 and 1989, for example, Hong Kong experienced several huge waves of immigration from mainland China, most notably the period from 1958 to 1962.
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arrived in Hong Kong, putting considerable strain on police resources – first for the marine police who intercepted them, then for the officers who processed them and manned the dozens of camps in the territory, and lastly for those who had to repatriate unsuccessful asylum applicants
343:
For several decades, Hong Kong was a 'rough-and-tumble' port with a 'wild west' attitude to law and order. Consequently, many members of the force were equally rough individuals. As Hong Kong began to flourish and make its place in the world, Britain began to take a dim view of the government's lack
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in 1974 was the prime one. After teething troubles, including a mass walkout by officers in 1977, by the early '80s a combination of the ICAC, firm police management, better emoluments and an amnesty had succeeded in destroying the overall culture, removing powerful figures, educating against greed
534:
Corruption emerged as a prominent issue in Hong Kong in the 1960s; the Hong Kong Police—as did almost every government department—experienced this and it peaked between 1962 and 1974, involving officers of all ranks and ethnicities. Motives and opportunities for corruption were many and varied, but
463:
Chinese were recruited as constables, and this went on until the early 1960s. The last
European inspectorate officers joined in 1994. The first female inspector joined in 1949, followed by the first intake of Woman Police Constables in 1951 - currently about 14 percent of the force is female, being
706:
While cap badges and other insignia changed with the ending of
British rule, the basic khaki drill and navy blue uniforms of the colonial period remained in use. Up until about 2020, when a year-round blue uniform was adopted, the Hong Kong Police continued to wear two seasonal uniforms - a khaki
420:
After the war, the mechanism of government in Hong Kong was in shambles; no men or equipment, devastated buildings and important resources like intelligence files, fingerprints, criminal records and personnel documents all lost or destroyed. The Water Police had four barely serviceable launches.
535:
mainly included poor pay and worries about China invading and abolishing pensions, while opportunities resulted from the vibrant growth in economic progress and its industrious, self-starting people were forming thousands of small street-level businesses all ripe for "protection."
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sparked by labour disputes, instability in China and
Japanese militarism. When war came again in 1941, an unknown number of police officers and reserves - Chinese, Indian, European and Eurasian - had their lives taken by the Japanese during both the main conflict and the
455:. Moreover, doubts about the willingness of the Hong Kong people to accept Indian officers who had worked, and often abused their authority under the Japanese administration (December 1941 until August 1945) forced authorities to wind down the Sikh contingent. Instead,
651:
In July 2022, for the flag raising ceremony marking the 25th anniversary of the handover, the Hong Kong Police Force and all Hong Kong
Disciplined Services, ceased to use the parade drills and English verbal commands inherited from their colonial past. Instead, the
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For months, cadets and officers had practiced at
Fanling Police College under the supervision of Chinese soldiers of the PLC stationed in Hong Kong. It was also noted that the bagpipers from the Hong Kong Police Band did not take part in any ongoing ceremony.
443:, and through his wartime internment, he worked secretly to draft a conceptual plan for the reorganisation of the force, presenting his plan in July 1946. Although he was not to head the force after the war, his plans were both sound and progressive.
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The Hong Kong Police was officially established by the colonial government on 1 May 1844, and the duties of the magistrate and head of police were separated. At the time of its establishment, the police force consisted of thirty-two men. The
620:'s appointment as the Commissioner of Police in November 2019, the police force changed its motto from "We serve with pride and care", which had been used for more than 20 years, to "Serving Hong Kong with honour, duty and loyalty."
479:
The most serious challenge to the force has been civil disorder. In 1956, supporters of the China
Nationalist movement defied government regulations providing the pretext for the eruption of conflict with
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thereby generating the foundation of today's structure and philosophy. The proposals included equality in recruitment and promotion for local officers and the cessation of recruitment of
European
641:, charged with investigating and arresting offenders for NSL violations. Edwina Lau, Deputy Commissioner of Police (National Security), is tasked to head the unit. The department's number 2,
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49:
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Responsibility for the city's prisons passed out of the control of the police in 1879. The 1890s brought challenges, both operational and organisational - there were outbreaks of
707:
drill summer uniform (tan for women officers) and a navy blue uniform for winter, with constables and sergeants wearing blue shirts and more senior staff wearing white ones.
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998:
645:, was caught by colleagues during an anti-vice raid on an unlicensed massage parlour in April 2021. The police later cleared him of "wrongdoing" but he remains on leave.
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In
November 2020, the Hong Kong Police Force launched a hotline where residents can report breaches of the national security law that China imposed earlier in the year.
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technology and biometric identification products feature in the arrangement, and will be utilized in 32 city police force branches and three immigration locations.
562:
On 1 July 1997, when China resumed sovereignty over Hong Kong, the "Royal" prefix was removed from the force's title, changing it to "Hong Kong Police Force". The
716:
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320:. Policemen from different ethnic groups were assigned a different alphabetical letter before their batch numbers: "A" for Europeans, "B" for Indians, "C" for
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income to boost their meagre wages. Members of the police were offenders with the highest profile and took most opprobrium. It took the determined stance of
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During this time, the police, along with members of departments like Public Works, Fire, Transport and others, all had their own distinct methods of earning
1101:
1024:
610:
546:, together with Commissioner Charles Payne Sutcliffe, to instigate the firmest of measures to eradicate syndicated corruption—and the establishment of the
847:... the Force changed its title on 1 July 1997 to the 'Hong Kong Police Force' and adopted a new crest, replacing the royal crown with a bauhinia emblem.
55:
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512:. For its determined and successful efforts in suppressing this lengthy insurrection, the Hong Kong Police were granted the "Royal" prefix in 1969.
141:
113:
301:
785:
656: » of the People Liberation Army of the PRC was used. Officials stated that this was a way to "show patriotism to the motherland".
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Nevertheless, the situation presented an opportunity to "start from scratch" and after the 'British
Military Administration', during which
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1025:"Trio launch court action against Hong Kong police over failure to display identification numbers during anti-government protests"
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in 1997, the Hong Kong Police Force (formerly the Royal Hong Kong Police Force) has since been responsible for serving the city.
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In August 2022, the Public Relations Wing announced that it would monitor public opinion online and fight "fake news".
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1102:"Hong Kong Police Arrest 4 for Alleged National Security Breach Under New Law | Voice of America - English"
601:. The Hong Kong Police Force has faced allegations of misconduct, including the use of excessive force, in both
280:
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609:, leading to several lawsuits filed in October 2019 against the HKPF for allegations of misconduct. A range of
594:
473:
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From 1942 to 1945, Japan occupied Hong Kong and the HKPF was temporarily disbanded and replaced by Japanese
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workers instigated long and bloody riots. The Hong Kong Police lost ten men during the turmoil which saw a
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1142:"Top national security police officer found in suspected Wan Chai vice den cleared after internal probe"
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On 30 April 1841, twelve weeks after the British had landed in Hong Kong, orders were given by Captain
288:
754:(in Chinese (Hong Kong) and English). Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. 2012
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activists and sympathisers - serious disorder was suppressed by the force with assistance from the
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The headgear worn during the 19th century varied according to ethnicity: European officers wore
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Police officers in summer uniform. Everything, except for the shorts, was used until about 2005.
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355:(an additional 356sq.miles of land) in 1898–99, created difficult, but surmountable problems.
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256:(HKPF) was officially established by the British colonial government, the same year that the
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headed the force, Hong Kong was in a position to stand on its own feet again in May 1946.
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745:
799:"Chapter 4 Changes to the Policing Model and the Return of Hong Kong to China 1994–1999"
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Kam C. Wong. Policing in Hong Kong: History and Reform (CRC: Taylor and Francis, 2015)
17:
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composition of the inaugural force consisted of mixed Chinese, European nationals or
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to establish a police force in the new colony. The first chief of police was Captain
999:"police failed to display ID numbers, as security chief says uniform has 'no room'"
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826:"4) Changes to the Policing Model and the Return of Hong Kong to China 1994–1999"
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380:. In the 1920s and 1930s, Hong Kong's general peace was punctuated by bouts of
912:"Police fire tear gas and baton charge thousands of Occupy Central protesters"
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left the force's popularity plunging after 2014, but even more so after 2019.
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In April 2012, the Hong Kong Police Force publicly confirmed a ten-year
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Hong Kong Police Swaping British Footdrills in Favour of PLA Goose Step
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In the 2010s, the police force played a prominent role in handling the
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represented in all ranks between constable and assistant commissioner.
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broadly supported them, and they were implemented under Commissioner
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to become the Commandant General of the Royal Hong Kong Police.
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A group of Hong Kong native policemen in the late 19th century.
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29:
965:"Hong Kong Protesters Clash With Police Inside Shopping Mall"
938:"Hong Kong police fight with protesters amid rising tensions"
772:
Carroll, John Mark. (2007). A concise history of Hong Kong.
488:. In 1966, Communist groups fanned the flames of discontent:
1206:"Police launch new mechanism to fight disinformation - RTHK"
860:"Hong Kong Police Force awards ten-year biometrics contract"
496:. Following this, in the spring of 1967, at the time of the
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in 1914 saw many European officers enlist and return to the
27:
History of the police force under British and Chinese rule
1160:"Hong Kong: People invited to snitch on their neighbours"
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passed out of the duties of the Hong Kong Police Force.
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suggested that this change would curry favour with the
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ten-month campaign of insurrection, bombing and murder
244:
Emblem of the Royal Hong Kong Police Force (1969─1997)
264:. While changes have been implemented throughout the
695:. All of them, however, shared the same olive green
566:was also changed, replacing the royal crown with a
472:In 1945, firefighting responsibilities passed to a
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
721:Kam C. Wong, Policing in Hong Kong (Ashgate, 2012)
548:Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC)
372:in 1911 brought civil unrest, and the start of
1051:"From Asia's Finest to Hong Kong's Most Hated"
717:Historic police station buildings in Hong Kong
304:, who also served as the Captain of the Chief
284:Hong Kong police officer, early 20th century.
8:
551:and increasing instances of accountability.
886:"Police fired at least 3 teargas canisters"
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
582:with the 3M Cogent company to develop the
699:in winter - giving rise to the nickname,
554:In the 1970s and 1980s, large numbers of
351:in 1893–94; whilst the annexation of the
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
203:of all important aspects of the article.
1069:"New top cop spells out plan of action"
740:
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110:"History of the Hong Kong Police Force"
1049:Sataline, Suzanne (1 September 2019).
199:Please consider expanding the lead to
637:in mid-2020, the force established a
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1116:"National security body established"
99:adding citations to reliable sources
492:broke out over a price rise on the
611:controversies involving the police
435:Hong Kong on 8 December 1941, the
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413:, which was headquartered at the
45:This article has multiple issues.
1120:Hong Kong Government news portal
1023:Lau, Chris (16 September 2019).
523:In 1961, the responsibility for
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1090:. 23 November 2019. p. 24.
635:Hong Kong national security law
250:history of the Hong Kong Police
191:may be too short to adequately
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
201:provide an accessible overview
1:
866:. AVISIAN, Inc. 11 April 2012
324:, and "D" for recruited from
252:originates in 1841, when the
997:Cheng, Kris (20 June 2019).
691:, and Chinese officers wore
639:National Security Department
415:Legislative Council Building
328:. "E" was later assigned to
268:(PRC) since the transfer of
628:central government of China
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599:2019–20 Hong Kong protests
529:customs, and excise duties
468:Second half of the century
266:People's Republic of China
963:Qin, Amy (14 July 2019).
586:arm of the organization.
1029:South China Morning Post
916:South China Morning Post
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633:With the passage of the
595:2014 Hong Kong protests
516:was appointed by Queen
445:Governor Sir Mark Young
1253:Hong Kong Police Force
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1258:History of Hong Kong
1146:Hong Kong Free Press
1003:Hong Kong Free Press
788:. p 123-125, p 129.
95:improve this article
1075:. 20 November 2019.
918:. 29 September 2014
498:Cultural Revolution
401:Model of Hong Kong
969:The New York Times
693:conical Asian hats
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544:Governor MacLehose
514:Princess Alexandra
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405:officer in uniform
364:Early 20th century
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1166:. 5 November 2020
1086:"Borrowed time".
786:978-0-7425-3422-3
607:the 2019 protests
603:the 2014 protests
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338:Russian Civil War
332:who arrived from
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1194:. 1 July 2022.
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747:警队历史：历史-第壹个壹百年
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920:. Retrieved
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894:. Retrieved
892:(in Chinese)
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88:verification
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890:Apple Daily
864:ThirdFactor
841:25 November
837:. p. 2
810:25 November
525:immigration
431:When Japan
426:C.H. Sansom
374:World War I
270:sovereignty
1247:Categories
1170:5 November
1126:18 January
729:References
654:goose step
618:Chris Tang
616:Following
494:Star Ferry
453:constables
387:occupation
336:after the
306:Magistrate
121:newspapers
50:improve it
1215:16 August
1192:BLoomberg
1034:2 October
1008:2 October
977:0362-4331
588:Live scan
584:biometric
506:left-wing
482:Communist
457:Pakistani
411:Kempeitai
403:Kempeitai
322:Cantonese
262:Hong Kong
209:June 2011
193:summarize
151:June 2011
56:talk page
1164:BBC News
711:See also
570:emblem.
568:bauhinia
461:Shandong
982:15 July
948:15 July
870:22 June
758:21 June
689:turbans
652:«
540:illicit
433:invaded
423:Colonel
334:Siberia
318:Indians
258:British
135:scholar
975:
784:
776:
697:tunics
314:ethnic
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
829:(PDF)
752:香港警务处
564:crest
502:China
490:Riots
142:JSTOR
128:books
1217:2022
1172:2020
1128:2022
1036:2019
1010:2019
984:2019
973:ISSN
950:2019
924:2014
898:2014
872:2012
843:2019
812:2019
782:ISBN
774:ISBN
760:2012
685:Sikh
605:and
597:and
480:pro-
459:and
439:was
248:The
114:news
500:in
97:by
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