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2005:"By the 1880s, Maggie, like her sister Kate who was now widowed after losing her English husband Jenckens, had become a full-blown alcoholic. In 1888, the sisters confessed that they had faked the ghostly rapping which precipitated the age of spirit contact. They said they had produced knocking sounds by manipulating and cracking the joints in their feet and knees. For a while they made money giving lectures about this "deathblow" to Spiritualism. However, before she died, Maggie recanted the confession, and Kate began conveying spirit messages to close friends once again. Ultimately, trance mediumship brought the sisters neither wealth nor happiness. Both died in penurious circumstances, essentially drinking themselves to death."
1049:
2033:"The Davenports were exposed many times, not only by magicians but by scientists and college students. The latter ignited matches in the dark. The flickering flames disclosed the brothers, with their arms free, waving the instruments which until then had seemed to be floating. The exposures had little effect on that segment of the public which chose to believe the manifestations were genuine. They closed their minds to the truth and sat in awe, sure that spirits had been conjured up in their presence."
1021:, chipboard, or plastic. On the board are a number of symbols, pictures, letters, numbers and/or words. The board is accompanied by a planchette (French for "little board"), which can take the form of a pointer on three legs or magnifying glass on legs; homemade boards may employ a shot glass as a planchette. A most basic Ouija board would contain simply the alphabet of whatever country the board is being used in, although it is not uncommon for whole words to be added.
1040:
whispered voices of spirits to audible range. "Spirit slates" consisted of two chalkboards bound together that, when opened, were said to reveal messages written by spirits. "Séance tables" were special light-weight tables which were said to rotate, float, or levitate when spirits were present. "Spirit cabinets" were portable closets into which mediums were placed, often bound with ropes, in order to prevent them from manipulating the various aforementioned tools.
2234:: "Houdini so strongly opposed the phony spiritualists that he testified against them before a committee of Congress. 'Please understand that, emphatically, I am not attacking a religion,' he said. 'I respect every genuine believer in spiritualism or any other religion ... But this thing they call spiritualism, wherein a medium intercommunicates with the dead, is a fraud from start to finish ... In thirty-five years, I have never seen one genuine medium.'"
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1984:"In the autumn of 1888 Mrs. Kane (Margaretta Fox) and Mrs. Jencken (Catherine Fox) made public, and apparently spontaneous, confession, that the raps had been produced by fraudulent means. Mrs. Kane even gave demonstrations before large audiences of the actual manner in which the toe joints had been used at the early seances. Mrs. Jencken, at any rate, if not also Mrs. Kane, afterwards recanted her confession."
1881:"The unconscious or subconscious mind, according to classical Freudian psychoanalysis, is a 'part' of the mind that stores repressed memories. However, there is no scientific evidence (for) unconscious repression The unconscious mind is also thought by some, such as Jung and Tart, to be a reservoir of transcendent truths. There is no scientific evidence that this is true." Retrieved Nov 25 2007.
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handbell had moved when it had remained stationary and expressed their belief that the fake seances contained genuine paranormal phenomena. The experiments strongly supported the notion that in the seance room, believers are more suggestible than disbelievers for suggestions that are consistent with their belief in paranormal phenomena.
997:
into an altered state of consciousness. These self-called "trance-mediums" often state that, when they emerge from the trance state, they have no recollection of the messages they conveyed; it is customary for such practitioners to work with an assistant who writes down or otherwise records their words.
1134:, or subconscious mechanism, by which a Ouija-user's mind unknowingly guides his hand upon the planchette, hence he will honestly believe he is not moving it, when, in fact, he is. This theory rests on the embedded premise that human beings actually have a "subconscious mind," a belief not held by all.
996:
Mediumship involves an act where the practitioner attempts to receive messages from spirits of the dead and from other spirits that the practitioner believes exist. Some self-ordained mediums are fully conscious and awake while functioning as contacts; others may slip into a partial or full trance or
881:
Mediums who give performances on stage of contacting spirits, with audience members seated before them, are not literally holding a séance, because they themselves are not seated; however, this is still called "séance". One of the foremost early practitioners of this type of contact with the dead was
47:
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Critics of channeling—including both skeptics and believers—state that since the most commonly reported physical manifestations of channeling are an unusual vocal pattern or abnormal overt behaviors of the medium, it can be quite easily faked by anyone with theatrical talent. Critics of spirit board
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churches today, where a greater emphasis is placed on spiritual values versus showmanship. The bible describes necromancy and sorcery as accessing power from the demonic supernatural realm. Leviticus 27:20 and
Deuteronomy 18:11-12 describes Gods judgement for spiritualist’s outside the divine realm.
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The exposures of fraud by tool-using mediums have had two divergent results: skeptics have used historic exposures as a frame through which to view all spirit mediumship as inherently fraudulent, while believers have tended to eliminate the use of tools but continued to practice mediumship in full
820:
In addition to communicating with the spirits of people who have a personal relationship to congregants, some
Spiritual Churches also deal with spirits who may have a specific relationship to the medium or a historic relationship to the body of the church. An example of the latter is the spirit of
1700:
God's World: A Treatise on
Spiritualism Founded on Transcripts of Shorthand Notes Taken Down, Over a Period of Five Years, in the Seance-Room of the William T. Stead Memorial Center (a Religious Body Incorporated Under the Statutes of the State of Illinois), Mrs. Cecil M. Cook, Medium and Pastor.
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when, in fact, it remained stationary. After the seance, approximately one third of the participants incorrectly reported that the table had moved. The results showed a greater percentage of believers reporting that the table had moved. In another experiment the believers had also reported that a
1039:
During the latter half of the 19th century, a number of
Spiritualist mediums began to advocate the use of specialized tools for conducting séances, particularly in leader-assisted sessions conducted in darkened rooms. "Spirit trumpets" were horn-shaped speaking tubes that were said to magnify the
804:
will relate messages from spirit personalities to those here in the physical form. Generally
Spiritualist "message services" or "demonstrations of the continuity of life" are open to the public. Sometimes the medium stands to receive messages and only the sitter is seated; in some churches, the
783:
In the religion of
Spiritualism, and the religion of Divine Metaphysics (a federally recognized religious branch out of Spiritualism in the United States), it is generally a part of services to communicate with living personalities in the spirit world. Usually, this is only called "séance" by
1118:
and spell out messages using the symbols on the board is undermined by the fact that several people have their hands on the planchette, which allows any of them to spell out anything they want without the others knowing. They say that this is a common trick, used on occasions such as teenage
918:, or even smell. It was thought spirits of the dead resided within the realm of dark and shadow, making the absence of light a necessity to invoke them. Skeptics were unwilling to accept this required condition. Saying,"You would not buy an automobile if it was only presented in the dark."
941:, a tradition has grown up of conducting séances outside of any religious context and without a leader. Sometimes only two or three people are involved, and, if they are young, they may be using the séance as a way to test their understanding of the boundaries between reality and the
1311:
have given partial or complete credit for some of their work to spirits that they contacted during seances. Paulina said that "when she painted, she did not have control over her brush, that it moved on its own, and that it was Lacamo (the spirit) who was directing it."
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The board is used as follows: One or more of the participants in the séance place one or two fingers on the planchette which is in the middle of the board. The appointed medium asks questions of the spirit(s) with whom they are attempting to communicate.
739:
report marred the credibility of
Spiritualism at the height of its popularity by publishing exposures of fraud and showmanship among secular séance leaders. Modern séances continue to be a part of the religious services of Spiritualist,
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described deceptive techniques that he himself had used in séances; however, in the same book, Keene also stated that he still had a firm belief in God, life after death, ESP, and other psychic phenomena. In his 2004 television special
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outsiders; the preferred term for
Spiritualists is "receiving messages". In these sessions, which generally take place in well-lit Spiritualist churches or outdoors at Spiritualist camps (such as
761:
is used in a few different ways, and can refer to any of four different activities, each with its own social norms and conventions, its own favoured tools, and its own range of expected outcomes.
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Here spiritualists and practitioners (psychic and mediums) hold a seance so that all participants speak with various personalities in the spirit world. This held in a seating manner in a circle.
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that theoretically allows the spirits to communicate through his or her body, conveying messages to the other participants. Other modes of communication may also be attempted, including
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Leader-assisted séances are generally conducted by small groups of people, with participants seated around a table in a dark or semi-dark room. The leader is typically asserted to be a
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886:, who worked with the spirits of the relatives of audience members, but was also famed for his ability to contact and deliver messages from ancient seers and philosophers, such as
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1395:, who clearly stated that he did not oppose the religion of Spiritualism itself, but only the trickery by phony mediums that was being practiced in the name of the religion.
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1280:, the Prime Minister of Canada for 22 years, who sought spiritual contact and political guidance from his deceased mother, his pet dogs, and the late US President
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held a séance and afterwards described some of the tricks used by him (and 19th-century mediums) to create the illusion of paranormal events.
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This is the type of séance that is most often the subject of shock and scandal when it turns out that the leader is practicing some form of
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Spirit boards, also known as talking boards, or ouija boards (after a well-known brand name) are flat tablets, typically made of wood,
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discourse with or relay messages from spirits. In modern
English usage, participants need not be seated while engaged in a séance.
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1075:, citing a lack of empirical evidence. The exposure of supposed mediums whose use of séance tools derived from the techniques of
680:). In English, however, the word came to be used specifically for a meeting of people who are gathered to receive messages from
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Scientists who have conducted a search for real séances and believed that contact with the dead is a reality include chemist
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852:, which somewhat resembles Spiritualism, séance sessions in which congregants attempt to communicate with spirits are called
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communication techniques—again including both skeptics and believers—state that the premise that a spirit will move the
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1245:, who were famous for the spirit cabinet work. Both the Foxes and the Davenports were eventually exposed as frauds.
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who lived during the 19th century. Black Hawk was a spirit who was often contacted by the
Spiritualist medium
1943:
Jews have sometimes engaged in conjuring spirits when worried, even though the Bible prohibits this behavior.
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in the mid-nineteenth century. Perhaps the best-known series of séances conducted at that time were those of
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1720:"The Museum of Talking Boards, a photo-gallery of historical and contemporary spirit boards and planchettes"
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Notable people who have attended séances and professed a belief in Spiritualism include the social reformer
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Paschal Beverly Randolph: A Nineteenth-Century Black American Spiritualist, Rosicrucian, and Sex Magician
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has been disturbing to many believers in spirit communication. In particular, the 1870s exposures of the
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2014:
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made a side-line of exposing fraudulent mediums during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1976,
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658:, "to sit". In French, the word's meaning is quite general and mundane: one may, for example, speak of "
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Among the notable people who conducted small leader-assisted séances during the 19th century were the
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Is Spiritualism Based On Fraud? The Evidence Given By Sir A. C. Doyle and Others Drastically Examined
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1995:
Victorian Women and the Theatre of Trance: Mediums, Spiritualists and Mesmerists in Performance
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have a long history of exposing the fraudulent methods of mediumship. Early debunkers included
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856:(literally "masses"). The spirits addressed in Espiritismo are often those of ancestors or
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documented many mediums who had been caught in fraud and the tricks they used in his book
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219:
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Spook crooks! Exposing the secrets of the prophet-eers who conduct our wickedest industry
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The Spiritualists: The Passion for the Occult in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
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Ghosts can come to us for good, but we must not attempt to conjure or control spirits.
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Among the best-known exposers of fraudulent mediumship acts have been the researchers
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4118:
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3661:
3646:
3603:
3515:
3349:
3327:
3203:
3170:
3062:
3037:
2260:
1969:
1845:
1606:
1487:
1411:
1403:
1392:
1365:
1353:
1308:
1092:
1034:
845:
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529:
441:
284:
229:
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159:
114:
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699:, published in England in 1760. Among the notable spirits quoted in this volume are
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4278:
4193:
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4128:
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4012:
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3641:
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3366:
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3120:
3057:
3052:
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2521:
2468:
2446:
2419:
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1750:
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907:
708:
554:
544:
524:
519:
459:
336:
269:
204:
184:
89:
2165:
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brought an end to the first historic phase of Spiritualism. Stage magicians like
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4173:
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3535:
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3175:
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2811:
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2709:
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2142:
1891:
1775:
1552:
Preliminary Report of the Commission Appointed by the University of Pennsylvania
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849:
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728:
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274:
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4353:
4268:
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4002:
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3773:
3738:
3708:
3681:
3583:
3411:
3371:
3223:
3180:
3158:
3125:
2821:
2739:
2697:
2677:
2587:
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1465:
1402:
exposed the tricks of fraudulent mediums such as those used in slate-writing,
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1173:
1153:
1145:
1115:
975:
946:
942:
899:
801:
685:
509:
329:
264:
169:
124:
79:
38:
3923:
3561:
1743:"How to use the Ouija Board – A guide to the safe use of this ancient device"
1652:"Sunday Services are held at the Healing Temple on East Street in Lily Dale."
5344:
4821:
4408:
4223:
4203:
3848:
3843:
3808:
3598:
3490:
3275:
3228:
3165:
3130:
3105:
2981:
2662:
2657:
1781:
An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
1289:
1126:
Another criticism of spirit board communication involves what is called the
1120:
926:
785:
279:
109:
69:
3877:
2344:
2219:
Harry Houdini: A biographical essay by staff at the Appleton Public Library
1632:
2530:
2401:
The Sorcerer of Kings: The Case of Daniel Dunglas Home and William Crookes
805:
message service is preceded by a "healing service" involving some form of
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3823:
3793:
3344:
3332:
3265:
3093:
2762:
2729:
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857:
830:
727:
who, grieving the loss of her son, organized Spiritualist séances in the
716:
704:
514:
421:
346:
149:
139:
2362:
Sixty Years Of Psychical Research: Houdini And I Among The Spiritualists
1208:
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4786:
3860:
3500:
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3312:
3260:
3021:
2959:
2772:
2652:
2072:
King: William Lyon Mackenzie King: a Life Guided by the Hand of Destiny
1719:
1184:
believers and disbelievers were suggested by an actor that a table was
1064:
1053:
866:
797:
715:. The popularity of séances grew dramatically with the founding of the
494:
289:
214:
174:
2075:. Vancouver, British Columbia: Douglas & McIntyre. pp. 2–14.
1875:
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3148:
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2714:
1149:
938:
411:
179:
84:
2475:
The Question: A Brief History and Examination of Modern Spiritualism
5420:
5114:
4817:
3396:
3376:
3317:
3115:
2572:
2502:
Thirty Years of Psychical Research being a Treatise on Metaphysics
1633:"Sunday Afternoon Message Service at Cassadaga Spiritualist Camp."
1406:, trumpet mediumship, materializations, sealed-letter reading and
1207:
1047:
1006:
979:
950:
887:
865:
860:
811:
681:
189:
2128:
The spiritualists: the story of Florence Cook and William Crookes
1779:
5425:
1141:
1068:
914:, numbered raps, levitation of the table or of spirit trumpets,
351:
4790:
3927:
2545:
653:
1691:, The Heyday of Spiritualism. New York: Hawthorn Books. 1970.
691:
Fictionalised conversations between the deceased appeared in
621:
1574:
Lily Dale: The True Story of the Town that Talks to the Dead
1176:
in seances. In a series of fake seance experiments (Wiseman
1067:
generally consider both religious and secular séances to be
837:
and he remains the central focus of special services in the
1608:
The Spirit of Black Hawk: A Mystery of Africans and Indians
615:
1957:
Belief in the paranormal and suggestion in the seance room
1248:
In the 20th century, notable trance mediums also include
2541:
51:
Séance conducted by John Beattie, Bristol, England, 1872
2292:
Hours With the Ghosts Or Nineteenth Century Witchcraft
2221:
based primarily on material provided in the biography
644:) is an attempt to communicate with spirits. The word
1218:
Popular 19th-century trance medium lecturers include
627:
624:
612:
5386:
5363:
5315:
5261:
5235:
5210:
5194:
5099:
5051:
4940:
4917:
4908:
4837:
4498:
4437:
4056:
3965:
3619:
3549:
3435:
3389:
3251:
3139:
3081:
3030:
3019:
3012:
2927:
2864:
2586:
2579:
1352:, who said he had contacted the spirit of inventor
1241:, whose activities included table-rapping, and the
1052:A poster for an early 20th century stage show from
735:, and other prominent members of society. The 1887
609:
2485:
2472:
1605:
1571:
1056:, advertised as proving that spirits do not return
1960:. British Journal of Psychology, 94 (3): 285–297.
1954:Wiseman, R., Greening, E., and Smith, M. (2003).
1464:exposed a number of fraudulent mediums including
2017:. (1990 edition, originally published in 1962).
1193:Notable séance mediums, attendees, and debunkers
731:, which were attended by her husband, President
1299:A number of artists, including abstractionists
1001:Spirit boards, talking boards, and ouija boards
1974:Modern Spiritualism: A History and a Criticism
1517:Lyttleton, George; Montegue, Eizabeth (1760).
4802:
4465:National Spiritualist Association of Churches
3939:
2557:
1555:, The Seybert Commission, 1887. 1 April 2004.
988:in a séance with cardboard cut out figure of
576:
8:
1488:Harry Houdini § Debunking spiritualists
659:
2378:The Enigma of Daniel Home: Medium or Fraud?
2143:"The Scientific Aspect of the Supernatural"
1456:have documented the trickery of the medium
1138:confidence of its spiritual value to them.
1083:as illusionists and the 1887 report of the
665:
618:
4914:
4809:
4795:
4787:
3946:
3932:
3924:
3027:
3016:
2583:
2564:
2550:
2542:
2284:Spirit Slate Writing and Kindred Phenomena
1537:. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). 1994.
800:), an ordained minister or gifted contact
583:
569:
45:
25:
4475:Spiritualist Association of Great Britain
1378:National Laboratory of Psychical Research
1972:. (2011, originally published in 1902).
1918:Not to worry: Jewish wisdom and folklore
1810:
1808:
1770:
1768:
1565:
1563:
1561:
652:word for "session", from the Old French
1599:
1597:
1595:
1509:
1436:. Later magicians to reveal fraud were
945:. It is in such small séances that the
37:
2488:The Follies and Frauds of Spiritualism
2248:The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism
2048:at The William T. Stead Resource Site"
1976:. Cambridge University Press. p. 188.
1668:. State University of New York Press.
1123:parties, to scare the people present.
1029:Trumpets, slates, tables, and cabinets
4490:International Spiritualist Federation
2914:List of ways people dishonor the dead
2426:. Helix Press New York. pp. 400–414.
2105:. Vol. I. New York: Arno Press.
841:Spiritual Churches that she founded.
639:
367:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal
7:
1546:
1544:
937:Among those with an interest in the
4445:List of Spiritualist organizations
2322:. New York: Macfadden Publications.
1894:. Catholic Exchange. 7 October 2006
1612:. University Press of Mississippi.
16:Attempt to communicate with spirits
2919:List of ways people honor the dead
2504:. New York: The Macmillan Company.
970:Mediumship, trance, and channeling
357:James Randi Educational Foundation
14:
2950:Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality
2339:. New York: D. Kemp and Company.
2225:by Adam Woog (Lucent Books, 1995)
5444:
5443:
3907:
3898:
3897:
2529:
2515:
605:
3908:
2164:Goff, Hannah (30 August 2005).
2141:Wallace, Alfred Russel (1866).
1416:Is Spiritualism Based on Fraud?
1130:which has been suggested as an
953:board are most often utilized.
342:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
1847:The Illusion of Conscious Will
1664:Deveney, John Patrick (1996).
1654:. Retrieved November 25, 2007.
1642:. Retrieved November 25, 2007.
1370:Society for Psychical Research
1272:; the journalist and pacifist
1:
5378:Hammersmith Ghost murder case
4470:Spiritualists' National Union
2970:Maternal mortality in fiction
2520:The dictionary definition of
2250:. Herbert B. Turner & Co.
707:, a "North-American Savage",
697:George, First Baron Lyttelton
296:Reportedly haunted locations:
4460:London Spiritualist Alliance
2884:Expressions related to death
2837:Medical declaration of death
2424:Investigating the Paranormal
1778:; Clarke, Arthur C. (1997).
1284:; the journalist and author
902:and he or she may go into a
5276:Electronic voice phenomenon
5069:locations in United Kingdom
2904:Preventable causes of death
2337:Inside the Medium's Cabinet
2102:The History of Spiritualism
1892:"Do You Believe in Ghosts?"
1722:. Museumoftalkingboards.com
1278:William Lyon Mackenzie King
965:Séance tools and techniques
929:tricks to defraud clients.
135:Electronic voice phenomenon
5501:
1923:Jewish Publication Society
1570:Wicker, Christine (2003).
1196:
1154:conjure or control spirits
1032:
1010:
1004:
990:King Ferdinand of Bulgaria
973:
768:
713:Christina, Queen of Sweden
18:
5439:
4828:
4480:Spiritual church movement
3893:
3271:Consciousness after death
3194:
2758:
2492:. London: Watts & Co.
2479:. London: Grant Richards.
2269:. London: Watts & Co.
2197:. Arrow. pp. 95–96.
2050:. Attackingthedevil.co.uk
1535:"Telegrams from the Dead"
1398:The psychical researcher
1340:, experimental physicist
1335:inventor of the telephone
1172:has revealed the role of
5248:Ancient Egyptian culture
3672:Personification of death
2894:People by cause of death
2294:. Kessinger Publishing.
2166:"Science and the Seance"
2126:Hall, Trevor H. (1963).
2019:Magic: A Picture History
1878:The Skeptic's Dictionary
1701:Compiled and Written by
1232:Paschal Beverly Randolph
1071:, or at least a form of
884:Paschal Beverly Randolph
877:Stage mediumship séances
871:Paschal Beverly Randolph
407:Apparitional experiences
5271:Apparitional experience
4746:C. E. Bechhofer Roberts
4611:Carlos María de Heredia
3749:Death-positive movement
3594:Post-mortem photography
2874:Causes of death by rate
2802:Death by natural causes
1915:Klein, Michele (2003).
1876:Carroll, Robert, Todd,
1843:Wegner, Daniel (2002).
1520:Dialogues with the Dead
1199:Spiritualism (movement)
933:Informal social séances
894:Leader-assisted séances
771:Spiritualism (movement)
654:
465:Argument from ignorance
432:Out-of-body experiences
145:Extrasensory perception
21:Séance (disambiguation)
4900:Procession of the dead
4676:Charles Arthur Mercier
4485:Arthur Findlay College
4324:William Stainton Moses
4289:Gladys Osborne Leonard
3784:Fascination with death
3422:Reincarnation research
3417:Out-of-body experience
2879:Notable deaths by year
2720:Immunogenic cell death
2636:Temporal lobe necrosis
2320:Spirit Mediums Exposed
2286:. Munn & Company.
2069:Levine, Allan (2011).
2015:Christopher, Milbourne
1851:. MIT Press. pp.
1784:. St. Martin's Press.
1709:Memorial Center, 1919.
1346:inventor of television
1321:evolutionary biologist
1215:
1170:anomalistic psychology
1148:are taught that it is
1057:
993:
873:
817:
660:
490:Communal reinforcement
5355:Paranormal television
5064:locations in Scotland
4636:Stanley LeFevre Krebs
4541:Milbourne Christopher
4450:Spiritualist churches
4319:Lorin Morgan-Richards
4314:William Usborne Moore
3983:Cross-Correspondences
3589:Post-mortem chemistry
3402:Near-death experience
3298:Desecration of graves
3234:Postmortem caloricity
3199:Beating heart cadaver
2643:Programmed cell death
2611:Liquefactive necrosis
2484:Mann, Walter (1919).
2046:Stead on Spiritualism
1993:Lehman, Amy. (2009).
1705:. Chicago, Ill.: The
1604:Barry, Jason (1995).
1483:Fortune telling fraud
1338:Alexander Graham Bell
1324:Alfred Russel Wallace
1282:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1258:David Marius Guardino
1228:Emma Hardinge Britten
1211:
1051:
1011:Further information:
983:
869:
815:
693:Dialogues of the Dead
470:Argumentum ad populum
402:Anomalous experiences
382:Scientific skepticism
200:Paranormal television
5340:Stories about ghosts
5164:District of Columbia
4651:John Nevil Maskelyne
4551:Edmund Smith Conklin
3779:Festival of the Dead
3677:Dying-and-rising god
3632:Chinese burial money
3521:Prohibition of dying
3473:Death-qualified jury
3239:Post-mortem interval
2899:Premature obituaries
2606:Coagulative necrosis
2538:at Wikimedia Commons
2403:. Prometheus Books.
2380:. Prometheus Books.
1997:. McFarland. p. 87.
1822:. Prometheus Books.
1523:. London: W. Sandby.
1385:John Nevil Maskelyne
1089:John Nevil Maskelyne
923:stage magic illusion
661:une séance de cinéma
485:Cognitive dissonance
480:Begging the question
427:Ideomotor phenomenon
19:For other uses, see
5409:Kardecist spiritism
5253:Classical antiquity
4726:Julien J. Proskauer
4516:George Miller Beard
4511:John Henry Anderson
4249:Daniel Dunglas Home
3966:History and beliefs
3839:Philosophy of death
3704:Death from laughter
3004:Perinatal mortality
2745:Mitotic catastrophe
2725:Ischemic cell death
2668:Intrinsic apoptosis
2616:Gangrenous necrosis
2453:. Alfred E. Knopf.
2244:Hereward Carrington
2195:Hiding the Elephant
2097:Doyle, Arthur Conan
1741:Cumerlato, Daniel.
1458:Daniel Dunglas Home
1400:Hereward Carrington
1380:, the professional
1156:in accordance with
1061:Scientific skeptics
1044:Critical objections
957:Spiritualist seance
775:Kardecist spiritism
753:Varieties of séance
535:Scientific evidence
377:Scientific literacy
5323:Films about ghosts
5307:Spirit photography
4766:Ivor Lloyd Tuckett
4601:William A. Hammond
4404:Stanisława Tomczyk
4394:Emanuel Swedenborg
4344:Ethel Post-Parrish
4309:Francis Ward Monck
4154:Arthur Conan Doyle
4028:Spirit photography
3885:Thanatosensitivity
3789:Hierarchy of death
3729:Death notification
3637:Coins for the dead
3569:Forensic pathology
3453:Capital punishment
3407:Near-death studies
2999:Mortality salience
2631:Fibrinoid necrosis
2601:Avascular necrosis
2230:2007-11-13 at the
2023:Dover Publications
1703:Lloyd Kenyon Jones
1638:2007-10-28 at the
1493:List of channelers
1448:. The researchers
1408:spirit photography
1389:Davenport Brothers
1294:Arthur Conan Doyle
1286:Lloyd Kenyon Jones
1243:Davenport Brothers
1216:
1085:Seybert Commission
1081:Davenport Brothers
1058:
994:
874:
818:
737:Seybert Commission
684:or to listen to a
245:Spirit photography
195:Paranormal fiction
120:Demonic possession
5457:
5456:
5231:
5230:
4890:Residual haunting
4855:Haunted locations
4845:Ancestral spirits
4784:
4783:
4771:Lyttelton Winslow
4736:Donovan Rawcliffe
4701:E. Clephan Palmer
4671:Georgess McHargue
4561:Stuart Cumberland
4536:William Carpenter
4455:Spiritist centres
4414:George Valiantine
4334:Eusapia Palladino
4304:Carmine Mirabelli
4264:Swami Laura Horos
4214:Kathleen Goligher
4139:Geraldine Cummins
4094:Stephen E. Braude
4033:Spirit possession
4018:Spiritual healing
3978:Automatic writing
3921:
3920:
3657:Death anniversary
3652:Death and culture
3496:Dying declaration
3478:Death certificate
3385:
3384:
3247:
3246:
3099:Neuropreservation
2889:Natural disasters
2860:
2859:
2534:Media related to
2460:978-0-394-52740-6
2333:Dinninger, Joseph
2082:978-1-5536-5560-2
2003:978-0-7864-3479-4
1982:978-1-108-07257-1
1932:978-0-8276-0753-8
1820:The Psychic Mafia
1753:on 5 October 2014
1578:. HarperCollins.
1387:(who exposed the
1331:Guglielmo Marconi
1328:inventor of radio
1230:(1823–1899), and
984:The fraud medium
912:automatic writing
765:Religious séances
725:Mary Todd Lincoln
593:
592:
540:Scientific method
250:Spirit possession
65:Astral projection
5492:
5447:
5446:
4915:
4860:Haunted highways
4811:
4804:
4797:
4788:
4716:Massimo Polidoro
4666:Henry C. McComas
4571:Joseph Dunninger
4349:James Van Praagh
4239:Gordon Higginson
4179:William Eglinton
4023:Spirit obsession
3948:
3941:
3934:
3925:
3911:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3881:
3866:Assisted suicide
3764:Death trajectory
3579:Mortuary science
3574:Funeral director
3565:
3531:Suspicious death
3303:Eternal oblivion
3089:Cryopreservation
3028:
3017:
2955:Infant mortality
2945:Excess mortality
2847:Terminal illness
2832:Lazarus syndrome
2817:End-of-life care
2768:Accidental death
2621:Caseous necrosis
2584:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2543:
2533:
2519:
2505:
2493:
2491:
2480:
2478:
2464:
2434:
2417:
2411:
2394:
2388:
2371:
2365:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2329:
2323:
2313:
2307:
2296:Julien Proskauer
2277:
2271:
2270:
2257:
2251:
2241:
2235:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2138:
2132:
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2123:
2117:
2116:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2040:
2034:
2012:
2006:
1991:
1985:
1967:
1961:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1888:
1882:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1850:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1772:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1749:. Archived from
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1716:
1710:
1707:William T. Stead
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1611:
1601:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1567:
1556:
1548:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1514:
1442:Joseph Dunninger
1434:Julien Proskauer
1350:John Logie Baird
1274:William T. Stead
1224:Achsa W. Sprague
1220:Cora Scott Hatch
1213:Cora Scott Hatch
1128:ideomotor effect
839:African American
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
663:
657:
643:
638:
634:
633:
630:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
585:
578:
571:
475:Bandwagon effect
372:Pseudoskepticism
362:Magical thinking
49:
26:
5500:
5499:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5435:
5382:
5372:Booty v Barnaby
5359:
5316:Popular culture
5311:
5257:
5227:
5206:
5190:
5147:Day of the Dead
5095:
5086:Slavic religion
5047:
4936:
4910:
4904:
4833:
4824:
4815:
4785:
4780:
4776:Richard Wiseman
4706:Ronald Pearsall
4686:John Mulholland
4641:Rose Mackenberg
4606:C. E. M. Hansel
4591:G. Stanley Hall
4494:
4433:
4399:Rosina Thompson
4359:Estelle Roberts
4299:Heinrich Melzer
4274:James H. Hyslop
4244:Richard Hodgson
4134:William Crookes
4052:
3998:Materialization
3961:
3952:
3922:
3917:
3889:
3875:
3819:Museum of Death
3769:Dignified death
3724:Death messenger
3699:Death education
3615:
3559:
3545:
3483:Declared death
3431:
3381:
3338:Online mourning
3243:
3209:Cadaveric spasm
3190:
3135:
3077:
3068:Skeletonization
3008:
2940:Child mortality
2935:Birthday effect
2923:
2856:
2852:Unnatural death
2783:Brainstem death
2754:
2693:Pseudoapoptosis
2575:
2570:
2512:
2498:Richet, Charles
2496:
2483:
2467:
2461:
2445:
2442:
2440:Further reading
2437:
2418:
2414:
2395:
2391:
2372:
2368:
2364:. Truth Seeker.
2356:
2352:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2314:
2310:
2278:
2274:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2242:
2238:
2232:Wayback Machine
2216:
2212:
2205:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2163:
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2158:
2148:
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2083:
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2063:
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2037:
2013:
2009:
1992:
1988:
1968:
1964:
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1937:
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1895:
1890:
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1885:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1816:Keene, M. Lamar
1814:
1813:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1774:
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1766:
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1740:
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1640:Wayback Machine
1631:
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1569:
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1549:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:Psychic reading
1478:
1382:stage magicians
1362:
1317:William Crookes
1266:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1166:
1046:
1037:
1031:
1015:
1009:
1003:
978:
972:
967:
959:
935:
896:
879:
829:warrior of the
827:Native American
781:
769:Main articles:
767:
755:
733:Abraham Lincoln
701:Peter the Great
677:
675:a movie session
674:
671:
668:
648:comes from the
641:[seɑ̃s]
636:
608:
604:
589:
560:
559:
455:
447:
446:
417:False awakening
397:
387:
386:
332:
322:
321:
220:Psychic reading
155:Fortune-telling
95:Close encounter
60:
52:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5498:
5496:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5477:
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5454:
5452:
5451:
5440:
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5436:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5416:The Ghost Club
5413:
5412:
5411:
5401:
5396:
5394:Fear of ghosts
5390:
5388:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
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5309:
5304:
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5302:
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5287:
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5273:
5267:
5265:
5263:Parapsychology
5259:
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5130:Ghost sickness
5127:
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5018:
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4982:Ghost Festival
4979:
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4944:
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4935:
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4929:South Africa (
4927:
4921:
4919:
4912:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4895:Vengeful ghost
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4870:Haunted trains
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4841:
4839:
4838:Manifestations
4835:
4834:
4831:List of ghosts
4829:
4826:
4825:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4791:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4751:Chung Ling Soo
4748:
4743:
4741:Joseph F. Rinn
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4691:Fulton Oursler
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4656:Henry Maudsley
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4631:Joseph Jastrow
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4596:Trevor H. Hall
4593:
4588:
4586:Martin Gardner
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4556:Millais Culpin
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4526:Lionel Branson
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4374:Rudi Schneider
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4254:Elizabeth Hope
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4209:Eileen Garrett
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4104:Rosemary Brown
4101:
4099:William Breeze
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4079:Charles Bailey
4076:
4071:
4069:Rosemary Altea
4066:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3928:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3905:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3627:Apparent death
3623:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3458:Cause of death
3455:
3450:
3448:Administration
3445:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3219:Death erection
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3154:Natural burial
3145:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3025:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2987:Mortality rate
2984:
2979:
2972:
2967:
2965:Maternal death
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2909:Unusual deaths
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2842:Organ donation
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2790:Clinical death
2787:
2786:
2785:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2527:
2511:
2510:External links
2508:
2507:
2506:
2494:
2481:
2465:
2459:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2432:978-0912328980
2412:
2389:
2386:978-0879752361
2374:Trevor H. Hall
2366:
2350:
2324:
2316:Fulton Oursler
2308:
2280:Chung Ling Soo
2272:
2261:McCabe, Joseph
2252:
2236:
2210:
2203:
2191:Jim Steinmeyer
2182:
2156:
2133:
2130:. Helix Press.
2118:
2112:978-0405070259
2111:
2088:
2081:
2061:
2035:
2007:
1986:
1970:Podmore, Frank
1962:
1947:
1931:
1907:
1883:
1868:
1861:
1835:
1829:978-1573921619
1828:
1804:
1791:978-0312151195
1790:
1764:
1733:
1711:
1693:
1681:
1675:978-0791431207
1674:
1656:
1644:
1625:
1618:
1591:
1585:978-0060086664
1584:
1557:
1540:
1526:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1450:Trevor H. Hall
1438:Fulton Oursler
1426:Chung Ling Soo
1410:. The skeptic
1361:
1358:
1301:Hilma af Klint
1265:
1262:
1205:
1202:
1197:Main article:
1194:
1191:
1165:
1162:
1152:to attempt to
1097:M. Lamar Keene
1045:
1042:
1033:Main article:
1030:
1027:
1005:Main article:
1002:
999:
974:Main article:
971:
968:
966:
963:
958:
955:
934:
931:
895:
892:
878:
875:
846:Latin American
835:Leafy Anderson
794:Camp Cassadaga
766:
763:
754:
751:
591:
590:
588:
587:
580:
573:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
505:Fringe science
502:
500:Falsifiability
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
445:
444:
439:
437:Parapsychology
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
398:
395:Parapsychology
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
333:
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
319:
314:
309:
307:United Kingdom
304:
293:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
240:Retrocognition
237:
235:Remote viewing
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
105:Crystal gazing
102:
97:
92:
87:
85:Breatharianism
82:
77:
72:
67:
61:
58:
57:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5497:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5450:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5399:Spectrophilia
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5314:
5308:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5290:Ghost hunting
5288:
5284:
5283:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5195:South America
5193:
5185:
5184:San Francisco
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5154:United States
5152:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5100:North America
5098:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4932:
4928:
4926:
4925:Madam Koi Koi
4923:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4907:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4875:Haunted ships
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4865:Haunted house
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4812:
4807:
4805:
4800:
4798:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4711:Frank Podmore
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4661:Joseph McCabe
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4626:Harry Houdini
4624:
4622:
4621:Terence Hines
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4566:Eric Dingwall
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:Organizations
4436:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4379:Maria Silbert
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4339:Leonora Piper
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4329:Einer Nielsen
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4284:Franek Kluski
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4169:Harry Edwards
4167:
4165:
4164:Eddy Brothers
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:Florence Cook
4122:
4120:
4119:Doris Collins
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4109:Sylvia Browne
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4084:Bangs Sisters
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:Spiritualists
4055:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4043:Table-turning
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4013:Spirit guides
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3993:Faith healing
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3949:
3944:
3942:
3937:
3935:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3914:
3906:
3904:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:Death anxiety
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3647:Darwin Awards
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3604:Biostratinomy
3602:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3516:Necropolitics
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
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3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3350:Reincarnation
3348:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
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3309:
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3277:
3274:
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3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3253:Other aspects
3250:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3204:Body donation
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Dismemberment
3169:
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3160:
3157:
3155:
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3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:Mummification
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
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3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3073:Fossilization
3071:
3069:
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3063:Decomposition
3061:
3059:
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3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3038:Pallor mortis
3036:
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3026:
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3023:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3005:
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3000:
2997:
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2532:
2528:
2526:at Wiktionary
2525:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2470:
2469:Clodd, Edward
2466:
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2456:
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2448:
2447:Brandon, Ruth
2444:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2425:
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2416:
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2410:
2409:0-87975-863-5
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2256:
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2249:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2223:Harry Houdini
2220:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2204:0-09-947664-9
2200:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2171:
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2160:
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2032:
2031:0-486-26373-8
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1990:
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1983:
1979:
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1911:
1908:
1904:
1893:
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1880:
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1872:
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1862:0-262-73162-2
1858:
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1697:
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1689:Brown, Slater
1685:
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1667:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1645:
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1637:
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1619:0-87805-806-0
1615:
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1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1412:Joseph McCabe
1409:
1405:
1404:table-turning
1401:
1396:
1394:
1393:Harry Houdini
1390:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:Frank Podmore
1359:
1357:
1355:
1354:Thomas Edison
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1309:Paulina Peavy
1306:
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1275:
1271:
1263:
1261:
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1255:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1234:(1825–1875).
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1200:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1179:
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1135:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1094:
1093:Harry Houdini
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1035:Table-turning
1028:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1000:
998:
991:
987:
982:
977:
969:
964:
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948:
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932:
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928:
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919:
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905:
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893:
891:
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876:
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868:
864:
862:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
814:
810:
808:
807:faith healing
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
780:
776:
772:
764:
762:
760:
752:
750:
747:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
686:spirit medium
683:
662:
656:
651:
647:
642:
632:
602:
598:
586:
581:
579:
574:
572:
567:
566:
564:
563:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
530:Pseudoscience
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
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481:
478:
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473:
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468:
466:
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461:
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457:
451:
450:
443:
442:Synchronicity
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
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410:
408:
405:
403:
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335:
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331:
326:
325:
318:
315:
313:
312:United States
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
298:
297:
291:
288:
286:
285:Table-turning
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
230:Reincarnation
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
210:Preternatural
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
160:Ghost hunting
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
115:Cryptozoology
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
62:
59:Main articles
56:
55:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
5480:Spiritualism
5404:Spiritualism
5370:
5294:
5280:
5243:Mesopotamian
5179:Pennsylvania
4909:By continent
4880:Hungry ghost
4850:Ghost lights
4756:Gordon Stein
4581:Chris French
4546:Edward Clodd
4531:Derren Brown
4521:Ruth Brandon
4506:David Abbott
4429:Chico Xavier
4389:Doris Stokes
4364:Jane Roberts
4294:Oliver Lodge
4279:Allan Kardec
4259:William Hope
4194:Leslie Flint
4159:Helen Duncan
4149:Frank Decker
4144:Pearl Curran
4129:Mina Crandon
4114:Eva Carrière
4089:Ada Besinnet
4064:Derek Acorah
4038:Spirit world
4007:
3955:Spiritualism
3759:Death threat
3642:Dark tourism
3584:Necrobiology
3526:Right to die
3484:
3443:Abortion law
3426:
3367:Resurrection
3355:Palingenesis
3252:
3214:Coffin birth
3121:Plastination
3082:Preservation
3058:Putrefaction
3053:Livor mortis
3048:Rigor mortis
3043:Algor mortis
3020:
2976:Memento mori
2974:
2827:Lazarus sign
2807:Death rattle
2750:Suicide gene
2735:Karyorrhexis
2626:Fat necrosis
2522:
2501:
2487:
2474:
2450:
2423:
2420:Tony Cornell
2415:
2400:
2397:Gordon Stein
2392:
2377:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2336:
2327:
2319:
2311:
2302:. New York,
2299:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2265:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2194:
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2169:
2159:
2147:. Retrieved
2136:
2127:
2121:
2101:
2091:
2071:
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2045:
2038:
2018:
2010:
1994:
1989:
1973:
1965:
1956:
1950:
1942:
1936:. Retrieved
1917:
1910:
1902:
1896:. Retrieved
1886:
1877:
1871:
1846:
1838:
1819:
1795:. Retrieved
1780:
1776:Randi, James
1755:. Retrieved
1751:the original
1746:
1736:
1724:. Retrieved
1714:
1696:
1684:
1665:
1659:
1647:
1628:
1607:
1573:
1551:
1529:
1519:
1512:
1462:Tony Cornell
1454:Gordon Stein
1420:
1415:
1397:
1363:
1342:Oliver Lodge
1314:
1298:
1267:
1247:
1236:
1217:
1177:
1168:Research in
1167:
1140:
1136:
1125:
1112:
1108:Derren Brown
1101:
1059:
1038:
1023:
1016:
1013:Dactylomancy
995:
986:Eva Carrière
960:
936:
920:
908:psychography
897:
880:
853:
848:religion of
843:
819:
782:
758:
756:
721:Spiritualism
709:William Penn
692:
690:
645:
600:
596:
594:
555:Urban legend
545:Superstition
525:Protoscience
520:Junk science
460:Anomalistics
337:Cold reading
295:
294:
270:Supernatural
260:Spiritualism
255:Spirit world
205:Precognition
90:Clairvoyance
5364:Court cases
4911:and culture
4885:Poltergeist
4731:James Randi
4721:Harry Price
4696:Joe Nickell
4681:Albert Moll
4646:David Marks
4576:Henry Evans
4424:Etta Wriedt
4419:Jack Webber
4384:Henry Slade
4369:William Roy
4234:Alec Harris
4229:Robert Hare
4199:Arthur Ford
4189:Fox sisters
4184:Colin Evans
4174:John Edward
4074:Dan Aykroyd
3876: [
3834:Necrophobia
3829:Necrophilia
3799:Immortality
3754:Death squad
3734:Death panel
3719:Death march
3714:Death knell
3694:Death drive
3667:Death deity
3611:Thanatology
3560: [
3506:Legal death
3485:in absentia
3463:Civil death
3308:Examination
3293:Crematorium
3176:Excarnation
3013:After death
2812:Dysthanasia
2778:Brain death
2710:Autoschizis
2688:Phenoptosis
2683:Parthanatos
2673:Necroptosis
2580:In medicine
2358:Joseph Rinn
2288:Henry Evans
1747:Ghost Walks
1470:Alec Harris
1446:Joseph Rinn
1430:Henry Evans
1374:Harry Price
1348:technology
1305:Regina Five
1292:and author
1270:Robert Owen
1254:Arthur Ford
1250:Edgar Cayce
1239:Fox sisters
1158:Deuteronomy
1106:, magician
1077:stage magic
1073:pious fraud
850:Espiritismo
788:in upstate
779:Espiritismo
746:Espiritismo
729:White House
550:Uncertainty
275:Telekinesis
225:Psychometry
110:Conjuration
5485:Mediumship
5464:Categories
5300:Mediumship
5218:Polynesian
5159:California
5111:Caribbean
5043:Vietnamese
4761:Amy Tanner
4616:Carl Hertz
4354:Bert Reese
4269:Cecil Husk
4219:Rita Goold
4003:Mediumship
3804:Last rites
3774:Extinction
3744:Death pose
3739:Death poem
3709:Death hoax
3689:Death camp
3682:Psychopomp
3557:Death tech
3412:Necromancy
3390:Paranormal
3372:Underworld
3224:Dissection
3186:Resomation
3181:Promession
3159:Sky burial
3126:Prosection
3111:Maceration
2822:Euthanasia
2740:Karyolysis
2698:Pyroptosis
2678:Paraptosis
2588:Cell death
2422:. (2002).
2399:. (1993).
2376:. (1984).
2360:. (1950).
2318:. (1930).
2304:A. L. Burt
2298:. (1932).
2290:. (1897).
2282:. (1898).
2246:. (1907).
1938:2010-03-27
1898:2010-03-27
1505:References
1466:Rita Goold
1288:; and the
1186:levitating
1182:paranormal
1174:suggestion
1164:Psychology
1146:Christians
1132:automatism
1116:planchette
976:Mediumship
947:planchette
943:paranormal
823:Black Hawk
816:Black Hawk
510:Groupthink
330:Skepticism
265:Stone Tape
170:Mediumship
125:Demonology
80:Bilocation
39:Paranormal
5475:Spiritism
5345:Halloween
5333:Indonesia
5142:locations
5079:locations
5036:locations
5009:locations
4992:locations
4975:locations
4958:locations
4931:locations
4822:ghostlore
4409:Ena Twigg
4224:Jan Guzyk
4204:Colin Fry
3988:Ectoplasm
3959:spiritism
3849:Sacrifice
3844:Predation
3809:Longevity
3599:Taphonomy
3536:Trust law
3491:Death row
3276:Afterlife
3229:Gibbeting
3166:Cremation
3131:Taxidermy
3106:Embalming
2982:Micromort
2928:Mortality
2705:Autolysis
2663:Autophagy
2658:Apoptosis
2145:. Wku.edu
2099:(1975) .
2025:. p. 99.
1422:Magicians
1360:Debunkers
1290:physician
1264:Attendees
1160:18:9–12.
1121:sleepover
927:mentalism
925:or using
831:Fox tribe
786:Lily Dale
757:The term
742:Spiritist
347:Debunking
280:Telepathy
130:Ectoplasm
100:Cold spot
70:Astrology
5449:Category
5202:Colombia
5004:Japanese
4970:Filipino
4499:Skeptics
3903:Category
3873:Thanabot
3824:Necronym
3794:Homicide
3345:Obituary
3333:Mourning
3323:Internet
3266:Cemetery
3141:Disposal
3094:Cryonics
2763:Abortion
2730:Pyknosis
2596:Necrosis
2500:(1923).
2471:(1917).
2449:(1983).
2335:(1935).
2263:(1920).
2228:Archived
2193:(2005).
2170:BBC News
1818:(1997).
1636:Archived
1476:See also
1418:(1920).
1180:. 2003)
1065:atheists
1019:Masonite
858:Catholic
790:New York
717:religion
705:Pericles
515:Hypnosis
422:Hypnosis
150:Forteana
140:Exorcism
31:a series
29:Part of
5470:Séances
5387:Related
5350:Samhain
5236:History
5211:Oceania
5169:Indiana
5137:Mexican
5121:Navajo
5091:Romania
5075:France
5059:English
4997:Bengali
4963:Tibetan
4953:Chinese
4948:Burmese
4918:African
3913:Outline
3861:Suicide
3501:Inquest
3468:Coroner
3360:Saṃsāra
3328:Midwife
3313:Funeral
3288:Customs
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