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475:, being used for the "Saturday Club" that met at 11 a. m. every week, between 1888 and 1891, with all leading members of the Madras Bar participating, and cases being critically analysed. At one of these meetings it was decided to start 'The Madras Law Journal', which was inspired by the then recently established periodicals the 'Law Quarterly Review', started by Sir Frederick Pollock in England in 1885 and 'The Harvard Law Review' established by the Harvard Law School Association in 1887.
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334:. Recognising his merit, the Government appointed him Government Pleader and Public Prosecutor in 1888, the first Indian to be appointed so. As Government Pleader, he appeared in two sensational cases – the Nageswara Iyer Forgery Case and the Tirupati Mahant Case. He was appointed an Acting Judge in 1891 and continued in that position until being appointed a Judge of the Madras High Court in January 1895, succeeding
439:"Officials of an alien nation, speaking a foreign tongue, force their will upon us; they grant themselves exorbitant salaries and large allowances; they refuse us education; they sap us of our wealth; they impose crushing taxes without our consent; they cast thousands of our people into prisons for uttering patriotic sentiments-prisons so filthy that often the inmates die from loathsome diseases."
412:"We want the soul-force which Mr. Gandhi is trying to work up. Soul-force consists in a man being prepared to undergo any physical or mental suffering, taking the precaution that he will not lay a single finger to inflict physical force upon the other side. It was that soul-force that was manifested by the South African Indians and it is the same force that should be developed in this country."
25:
323:, who visited Madura in 1875. In 1877, he gave evidence and pleaded for the necessity of protecting tenants from arbitrary eviction by the landlords, before the Famine Commission when it visited Madura. He also served as the Vice-Chairman of the Madura Municipality, from 1882 until his departure for Madras."
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The Madras
University conferred on him the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Law in 1908, making him the first recipient of an honorary degree from the University. He presided over the Madras Students' Convention in 1916 and delivered the Presidential Address. He also served as the Chairman of the Council
372:
Subramania Iyer was nominated a member of the
Legislative Council of Madras by the Government, in 1884 and left a creditable record as a non-official member of the Council although the rules did not permit non-official members to play a very useful role. Serving as a member of the Malabar Land Tenure
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at Madura from 1869 to 1885, he appeared in some important cases, the most notable among them being the Ramnad
Zamindar's Case and the Meenakshi Temple Funds Misappropriation Case. While at Madura, he also earned a reputation as a public worker, being appointed a Municipal Commissioner of Madura and
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On completion of his schooling in
Madurai, Subramania Iyer qualified as a lawyer and went on to practice as a lawyer in Madurai and Madras, before being appointed a Judge of the Madras High Court, in 1891. He also served as the first Indian Chief Justice of the Madras High Court, before retiring in
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Though unable to secure a 'Sanad' to practice, he was appointed the Public
Prosecutor, when the Criminal Penal Code came into force, in 1862. Desiring to practice as a lawyer, he studied privately for the Matriculation Examination and passed the same in 1865, followed by the First Arts (F.A.)
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As his mother was not willing to send him to Madras for a higher education, Subramania Iyer decided to join the administrative service. He served as a clerk in the Deputy
Collector's Office, Madurai, Deputy Collector's Office, Ramnad, and the Collector's Office, Madurai. While working in the
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345:, in 1906. He also acted as the Chief Justice of the Madras High Court in 1899, 1903 and 1906, the first Indian to do so. After serving as a judge of the Madras High Court for 12 years, he resigned on 13 November 1907 due to failing sight, and was succeeded by Mr.
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in 1885 and continued to be connected with that institution till 1907. As a member of the Senate, he advanced many reforms in education. He was a member of the
Syndicate for the University for some time and was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the University in 1896.
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Committee (1885), largely due to his initiative, an act was passed providing compensation for tenants' improvement in
Malabar. Nominated for a second time, Subramania Iyer made his association with the council as useful as possible under the system extant then.
517:, which he founded in 1908, and which sought to prevent the mismanagement of the funds of Hindu Religious Endowment and Charitable Trusts. He also worked for the promotion of Sanskritic study, and established two schools for Vedic Studies in Madura and
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urging the increase of the elected element in the
Legislative Councils and for councillors to be given real and effective powers, and where he made the following statement, as published in the annals of the Indian National Congress of 1885:
389:"All of us have the utmost faith and confidence in the justice and the fairness of the English people, and we only have to solicit an enquiry into the facts, being content to leave the issue in the hands of their great political leaders."
283:, but died when Subramania Iyer was barely two years old. He had his early education at the English Mission School, Madurai, joining the Zilla School, Madurai, in 1856, from which institution he completed his schooling.
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As
Chairman of the Reception Committee, he welcomed the delegates to the 29th session of the Indian National Congress held at Madras in 1914. He presided over a public meeting at Madras in 1915 organised to welcome Mr.
459:, rebuked him when he met them in Madras in 1918 to make a representation on the proposed political reforms. A few days later, Sir Subramania Iyer renounced his knighthood and returned the insignia to the Government.
478:
During his tenure as Judge of the Madras High Court he introduced the practice of referring to American jurisprudence in addition to the English, which had been the sole point of reference until then.
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He used to attend sessions of the Congress until he became a Judge of the High Court and contributed in no small measure to the strengthening of the Congress's organisation in the Madras Presidency.
428:, Governor of Madras. As President of the League, he took up the cause of Mrs. Besant and her colleagues and started a movement for their release, which occasioned his rupture with the Government.
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435:, President of the United States of America describing British Rule in India and appealing for the sympathy and support of the American Government and people, in which he stated:
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was built by the Theosophists in his memory and named after him. He is also commemorated by a statue, unveiled in 1935, outside the Senate House of the Madras University.
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The Government awarded a Certificate of Merit to Subramania Iyer on 1 January 1877 as a mark of their appreciation of his services to the public, on the occasion of the
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right up to the 1920s. His participation in the activities of the Theosophical Society gradually drew him closer to Annie Besant and the Indian independence movement.
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or 'Pure Religion Society' resulted in a rift between himself and the Theosophical Society, since he desired to provide a rival world leader to
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just then returned from South Africa. Welcoming Mr. Gandhi, he suggested the lines on which national work in India should proceed:
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After his wife, Lakshmi's death in 1884, he shifted to Madras, where he emerged as a formidable rival to the redoubtable lawyers
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As one of the prominent members his literary contributions were a regular feature of the Theosophical Society's publication
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a member of the Local Board, besides being elected a member of the Devasthanam Committee of the Meenakshi Temple at Madura.
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As Judge, amongst other cases, he presided over the insolvency court which investigated into the crash of a Madras bank,
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Collector's Office, he studied privately for the Pleader's Examination and stood first among the successful candidates.
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Having been greatly interested in spirituality and the study of religion he became interested in the
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He extended his co-operation to Mrs. Besant in the establishment of the Central Hindu College at
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of Native Education for two years. He delivered a series of lectures at Madras University on
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He died on 5 December 1924 and was survived by three sons born to him by his wife Lakshmi.
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which he formally joined soon after his retirement. He was also the Vice-President of the
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examination in 1866. Two years later, in 1868, he passed the B.L. examination from
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Immediately after Mrs. Besant was interned, Sir Subramania Iyer wrote a letter to
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He presented an 'Address of Welcome', on behalf of the people of Madura, to the
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He renounced his titles and returned the insignia of his KCIE in 1917.
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His interest in the scholarly aspects of law led to his residence, the
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Subbier Aiyer (1794–1844) was the legal agent of the Raja of Ramnad's
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754:, From India's Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Text Book
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299:, Barrister-at-Law, and thus qualified himself to practice as a
244:. He was popularly known as the "Grand Old Man of South India".
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Bibliographic Guides: Publications of Suddha Dharma Mandala
232:; 1 October 1842 – 5 December 1924) was an Indian lawyer,
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He agreed to serve as the Honorary President of the
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Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
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Indian Judges: Biographical & Critical Sketches
420:established in Madras on 1 September 1916, by Mrs.
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
747:By Sir Chirravoori Yajneswara Chintamani, 1940.
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424:, whose arrest was ordered on 16 June 1917, by
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356:, in 1914, on behalf of the public of Madras.
501:which subsequently became the nucleus of the
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829:Vice Chancellors of the University of Madras
732:The Theosophist October 1911 – January 1912
752:Role of Tamil Nadu in the Freedom Movement
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Indian lawyer, jurist and freedom fighter
668:essays in classical and modern hindu law
554:, the favoured champion of the Society.
494:, in 1914 which were published in 1916.
352:He presented the Welcome Address to the
814:Chief justices of the Madras High Court
689:Golden Book of the Theosophical Society
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443:Subjected to scathing criticism in the
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569:He was appointed a Companion of the
236:and freedom fighter who, along with
47:adding citations to reliable sources
665:John Duncan Martin Derrett (1977).
376:One of the founding members of the
804:Presidency College, Chennai alumni
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759:Founding of the Home Rule League
745:Indian Politics Since the Mutiny
644:Christopher John Fuller (2004).
481:He was nominated Senator of the
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275:on 1 October 1842. His father
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647:The Renewal of the Priesthood
576:In 1893, he had the title of
463:Academic interests and career
368:Subramania Iyer in later life
513:He was the President of the
338:to the bench of that Court.
263:Subramania Iyer was born in
824:20th-century Indian lawyers
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650:. Oxford University Press.
217:Sir Subbier Subramania Iyer
127:Sir Subbier Subramania Iyer
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819:20th-century Indian judges
741:By Brojendra Mitter, 1932.
571:Order of the Indian Empire
521:. As the President of the
451:, the Secretary of State,
418:All India Home Rule League
293:Presidency College, Madras
230:சுப்பையர் சுப்பிரமணிய ஐயர்
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378:Indian National Congress
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809:People from Madurai
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564:Proclamation Durbar
455:, and the Viceroy,
336:Sir Muthuswamy Iyer
307:Professional career
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552:Jiddu Krishnamurti
509:Cultural interests
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297:J. C. Mill
277:Sooravally
200:, academic
148:1842-10-01
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281:zamindari
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