49:
92:
229:
infirm to receive communion could be given holy bread and water by the hospital chaplain. This type of regulation, by which hospitals were prevented from competing with the parish church, were normal: communion at the major festivals was almost always monopolised by the church, although many permitted communion in the hospitals on other
Sundays, which was not the case at Wolverhampton. Specific dispensations and arrangement for the sick were also normal. The administration of sacred bread or
266:, and possibly named after a Pipe family, but the hospital and its chaplain seem to fit the known circumstances better. The only other known chaplain or warden was Thomas Bradshaw, presented by James Leveson in 1524. The Waterfall line must have expired by this time and the patronage passes to a branch of the increasingly powerful Leveson family. Thomas Bradshaw is probably the person of that name known as a vicar choral of St Peter's in 1533 and perhaps as a priest at
217:. The regulations vested patronage in William and Joan Waterfall and their heirs, but if they should lapse to John Waterfall, probably William's brother, then to the Leveson family. The patron had the right to present the chaplain to the dean for induction and to select the inmates. The royal licences had both specified one chaplain and six poor persons, so it is clear that both men and women could be admitted.
189:
and three acres of land to provide accommodation for the chaplain, and presumably the hospital itself. The purpose of the foundation was for the inmates to pray continually for the good estate of the founders and of Joan, William's wife. On 27 September
Waterfall obtained a licence for a much larger
278:
The last mention of Pyper's Chapel was in 1541. It would have been included in the general abolition of chantries under Edward's VI but, like all of the guilds and chantries of St Peter's, it is absent from the
Staffordshire returns, apparently because accounting for them was left to the Berkshire
228:
daily for the residents, and prayers were to be offered for the souls of
Clement Leveson, William and Joan Waterfall, Lord Burnell, and Lawrence Allerthorpe. However, he was not to administer communion to the residents: they could receive that only from a chaplain of the parish. Those who were too
150:, to support the work of six chaplains in the church, and was swindling lay people who deposited money with him, including Roger Leveson, John Salford and John Waterfall. It seems from this that impetus for pious works was coming from outside the chapter of the church and that the
103:
places St Mary's
Hospital on the east side of Wolverhampton, possibly on the site of the later Pepper's Croft, which bordered Can Lane to the East. This street was already lost in 1970, when the VCH account was written, although it was still known from the name of a wharf on the
762:
G C Baugh, W L Cowie, J C Dickinson, Duggan A P, A K B Evans, R H Evans, Una C Hannam, P Heath, D A Johnston, Hilda
Johnstone, Ann J Kettle, J L Kirby, R Mansfield and A Saltman (1970). Greenslade, M. W.; Pugh, R. B. (eds.).
108:
canal. It had been replaced by
Railway Street, which continued south as Pipers Row. This street seems to take its name from John Pepard, the first known chaplain of the hospital. Today it is incorporated into
121:
St Mary's
Hospital was established through the efforts of William Waterfall, a generous layman, and Clement Leveson, a chaplain at St. Peter's, during the years 1392-95. Leveson was vicar of three of the
205:. By this time Postell was dead, so in 1395 it was Dean Lawrence Allerthorpe who gave final permission, reserving a final veto over the foundation and the right to amend and interpret its regulations.
166:
243:, although also taken home for those absent from communion, which parallels its use at St Mary's as a substitute for Mass. It was also administered to the poor whose feet were washed on
931:
788:
941:
48:
213:
The foundation fell outside the general run of urban hospitals for the poor, which tended to be connected with cathedral clergy, borough authorities or
936:
280:
130:
and
Monmore. He and Waterfall were both "wardens of the light", an institution founded in 1385 to tend a light in honour of St Peter in the
18:
946:
845:
262:
Gerald Mander, an important historian of
Wolverhampton, suggested this was a chapel within St Peter's church, situated in the south
254:
The first recorded chaplain was John Pepard, inducted in 1402. Presumably this is why the Wolverhampton is known to have had a
91:
72:
193:
The site was only about 400 metres south east of St. Peter's but it fell outside the manor of Wolverhampton, in the manor of
283:. However, the Berkshire commissioners did not comply. The hospital property seems to have passed into the Leveson family.
247:. Holy water too would be renewed every week because it was an essential element of the communion, presented in the
178:
110:
127:
548:
537:
318:
559:
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100:
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375:
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337:
80:
135:
356:
300:
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147:
95:
Wolverhampton bus station from Railway Drive: this probably occupies much of the hospital site.
841:
236:
198:
131:
725:
721:
190:
fee, 45 marks, to endow the hospital with property and rents to the value of £10 annually.
134:. This activity by prominent local families was set against a background of neglect by the
818:
Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Preserved in the Public Record Office: Richard II, 1391–1396
244:
170:
139:
113:, which, together with the ring road, now takes up what must have been the hospital site.
887:
515:
485:
816:
699:
143:
925:
868:
154:
and Waterfalls were already among the chief supporters of this movement in the town.
105:
68:
764:
202:
279:
commissioners: this was because the deanery of St Peter's was united with that of
455:
251:, and the two elements together were favoured for breaking the fast on Sunday.
860:
240:
194:
33:
20:
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221:
60:
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75:. It was founded in the 1390s and disappeared with the abolition of the
231:
225:
197:, so in 1394 Leveson and Waterfall also obtained the permission of the
151:
123:
76:
64:
905:
173:. This permitted them to found their hospital in honour of God and
214:
146:. Postell had been pocketing the money intended, under a grant of
90:
47:
604:
Collections for a History of Staffordshire, 1915, p. 338, note 4.
393:
Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, 1392–1399, p. 20, no. 44.
319:"Industry and the Canal: Corn Hill To Wednesfield Road, part 1"
374:
Baugh; et al. (1970). Greenslade, M W; Pugh, R B (eds.).
299:
Baugh; et al. (1970). Greenslade, M W; Pugh, R B (eds.).
797:
404:
Collections for a History of Staffordshire, Volume 15, p. 82.
169:
of the name) and William Waterfall in exchange for a five
83:. The only vestige today is in the form of a street name.
645:
Collections for a History of Staffordshire, 1915, p. 356.
634:
Collections for a History of Staffordshire, 1915, p. 333.
593:
Collections for a History of Staffordshire, 1915, p. 322.
239:, was a common medieval practice, generally intended for
704:. Vol. 5 (1834 ed.). London: William Straker
677:"Hospitals: Wolverhampton, St Mary, note anchor 21"
658:"Hospitals: Wolverhampton, St Mary, note anchor 19"
617:"Hospitals: Wolverhampton, St Mary, note anchor 18"
573:"Hospitals: Wolverhampton, St Mary, note anchor 13"
376:"Colleges: Wolverhampton, St Peter, note anchor 98"
499:"Hospitals: Wolverhampton, St Mary, note anchor 9"
469:"Hospitals: Wolverhampton, St Mary, note anchor 7"
439:"Hospitals: Wolverhampton, St Mary, note anchor 5"
338:"Hospitals: Wolverhampton, St Mary, note anchor 2"
886:William Salt Archaeological Society, ed. (1915).
867:William Salt Archaeological Society, ed. (1894).
837:Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, 1392–1399
727:A History of the Holy Eucharist in Great Britain
588:
586:
357:"Hospitals: Wolverhampton, St Mary, footnote 2"
301:"Hospitals: Wolverhampton, St Mary, footnote 1"
769:. Vol. 3. London: British History Online
681:A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 3
662:A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 3
621:A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 3
577:A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 3
503:A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 3
473:A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 3
443:A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 3
380:A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 3
361:A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 3
342:A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 3
305:A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 3
8:
906:"Wolverhampton History and Heritage Website"
787:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
426:Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1391–1396, p. 176.
415:Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1391–1396, p. 139.
892:. Vol. 1915 Yearbook. London: Harrison
52:St Peter's Collegiate Church, Wolverhampton
889:Collections for a History of Staffordshire
870:Collections for a History of Staffordshire
323:Wolverhampton History and Heritage Website
932:English medieval hospitals and almshouses
456:Entry for Hugh Burnell at the peerage.com
291:
780:
7:
766:A History of the County of Stafford
942:1540s disestablishments in England
834:Public Record Office, ed. (1963).
746:The Mediaeval Hospitals of England
281:St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
142:, and most of the prebendaries or
14:
201:, Hugh, Lord Burnell, a powerful
873:. Vol. 15. London: Harrison
937:1390s establishments in England
167:counterintuitive pronunciation
1:
840:. Vol. 6. London: HMSO.
161:issued a licence to Clement
73:St Peter's Collegiate Church
821:. Vol. 5. London: HMSO
675:Baugh; et al. (1970).
656:Baugh; et al. (1970).
615:Baugh; et al. (1970).
571:Baugh; et al. (1970).
497:Baugh; et al. (1970).
467:Baugh; et al. (1970).
437:Baugh; et al. (1970).
355:Baugh; et al. (1970).
336:Baugh; et al. (1970).
963:
743:Clay, Rotha Mary (1909).
730:. London: Burns and Oates
209:Regulations and functions
126:of St Peter's: Wobaston,
111:Wolverhampton bus station
947:History of Wolverhampton
698:Bingham, Joseph (1719).
220:The chaplain was to say
718:Bridgett, Thomas Edward
701:Origines Ecclesiasticae
101:Victoria County History
165:(which represents the
117:Foundation and context
96:
53:
94:
51:
235:, distinct from the
185:to it a dwelling or
813:Maxwell Lyte, H. C.
270:from 1533 to 1564.
30: /
527:Bingham, p. 300-1.
97:
71:, associated with
57:St Mary's Hospital
54:
34:52.5865°N 2.1225°W
749:. London: Methuen
722:Thurston, Herbert
549:Bridgett, p. 272.
538:Bridgett, p. 160.
199:lord of the manor
157:On 4 August 1392
132:collegiate church
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79:in the reign of
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245:Maundy Thursday
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910:. Retrieved
908:. Bev Parker
894:. Retrieved
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274:Dissolution
241:catechumens
37: /
926:Categories
861:HathiTrust
691:References
195:Stow Heath
159:Richard II
22:52°35′11″N
783:cite book
287:Footnotes
268:Wombourne
249:Offertory
128:Hatherton
81:Edward VI
77:chantries
61:almshouse
25:2°07′21″W
803:27 April
773:26 April
720:(1908).
264:transept
258:, later
187:messuage
183:mortmain
179:alienate
152:Levesons
124:prebends
87:Location
724:(ed.).
232:eulogia
226:Vespers
177:and to
175:St Mary
148:Henry I
65:chantry
912:17 May
896:17 May
877:16 May
853:16 May
844:
825:16 May
753:16 May
734:18 May
708:16 May
215:guilds
144:canons
171:marks
163:Luson
914:2016
898:2016
879:2016
855:2016
842:ISBN
827:2016
805:2016
789:link
775:2016
755:2016
736:2016
710:2016
224:and
222:Mass
136:dean
99:The
63:and
859:at
181:in
67:in
928::
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781:{{
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