Brigid of Kildare - Knowledge (XXG)

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land was fertile. The king laughed at her and refused to give her any land. Brigid prayed and asked God to soften the king's heart. Then she smiled at the king and said, "Will you give me as much land as my cloak will cover?" The king thought that she was joking and agreed. She told four of her sisters to take up the cloak, but instead of laying it flat on the turf, each sister, with face turned to a different point of the compass, began to run swiftly. The cloak grew in all directions and covered many acres of land. "Oh, Brigid!" said the frightened king, "what are you about?". "I am, or rather my cloak is about covering your whole province to punish you for your stinginess to the poor". "Call your maidens back. I will give you a decent plot of ground." The saint was persuaded, and if the king held his purse-strings tight in the future, she had only to allude to her cloak to bring him to reason. Soon afterward, the king became a Christian, began to help the poor, and commissioned the building of the convent. This story was probably inspired by that of

1214: 57: 838:. When she was outside carrying a load past a group of poor people, some began to laugh at her. A man named Bacene said to her, "The beautiful eye which is in your head will be betrothed to a man though you like it or not". In response, Brigid thrust her finger in her eye and said, "Here is that beautiful eye for you. I deem it unlikely that anyone will ask you for a blind girl". Her brothers tried to save her and wash away the blood from her wound, but there was no water to be found. Brigid said to them, "Put my staff about this sod in front of you", and after they did, a stream came forth from the ground. Then she said to Bacene, "Soon your two eyes will burst in your head", and it happened as she said. This story was probably inspired by the lore of 739:, Brigid's favourite pupil, fell in love with a young man and, hoping to meet him, snuck out of the bed in which she and Brigid were sleeping. However, recognising her spiritual peril, she prayed for guidance, then placed burning embers in her shoes and put them on. "Thus, by fire", Ultan wrote, "she put out fire, and by pain extinguished pain." She then returned to bed. Brigid feigned sleep but was aware of Darlugdach's departure. The next day, Darlugdach revealed to Brigid the experience of the night before. Brigid reassured her that she was "now safe from the fire of passion and the fire of hell hereafter" and then healed her student's feet. The name Darlugdach (also spelt Dar Lugdach or Dar Lughdacha) means "daughter of the god 433: 789: 897:, Brigid was given a gift of apples and sweet sloes. She later entered a house where many lepers begged her for these apples, which she offered willingly. The woman who had given the gift to Brigid was angered by this, saying that she had not given the gift to the lepers. Brigid was angry at the woman for withholding from the lepers and cursed her trees so they would no longer bear fruit. Another woman gave Brigid the same gift, and again Brigid gave them to begging lepers. This woman asked that she and her garden be blessed. Brigid said that a large tree in the garden would have twofold fruit from its offshoots, and this came true. 1117:. A commemorative inscription on the northern façade of the church, in 16th-century characters, reads: "Here in these three tombs lie the three Irish knights who brought the head of St. Brigid, Virgin, a native of Ireland, whose relic is preserved in this chapel. In memory of which, the officials of the Altar of the same Saint caused this to be done in January AD 1283." It is in fact only from the mid-16th century onwards that this church assumed the invocation of Saint Brígida when a new side chapel was built and dedicated to her. 890:

chastity and had become pregnant. In the 1987 translation: "A certain woman who had taken the vow of chastity fell, through the youthful desire of pleasure, and her womb swelled with child. Brigid, exercising the most potent strength of her ineffable faith, blessed her, causing the child to disappear, without coming to birth, and without pain. She faithfully returned the woman to health and to penance". The Brigid Alliance, an American NGO that assists people seeking abortions, was named after St Brigid in reference to this miracle.

1157:, whom I had assisted in some of his literary pursuits and he set his heart on procuring the coveted relic. One of his arguments was somewhat amusing: It was the first time that an Irish Archbishop of the remote See of Sydney had solicited a favour from Cologne. It was the new Christian world appealing to the old for a share of its sacred wealth. At all events our pleading was successful and, and I bore away with me a portion of the bone, duly authenticated, which is now the privilege of you good Sisters to guard and venerate…. 1043: 618: 1471: 752: 1153:

attached a famous Irish monastery….. The relic is, if I remember aright, a tooth of the Saint. At Cologne, I found great difficulty in securing a portion of this relic. It was at first peremptorily refused. The Pastor of St. Martin's declared that his parishioners would be at once in revolt if they heard that their great parochial treasure was being interfered with. I then had to invoke the aid of an influential Canon of the

5672: 907: 680:. It has often been said that she gave canonical jurisdiction to Conleth, but Archbishop Healy says that she simply "selected the person to whom the Church gave this jurisdiction", and her biographer tells us that she chose Saint Conleth "to govern the church along with herself". For centuries, Kildare was ruled by a double line of abbot-bishops and abbess-bishops, the Abbess of Kildare being regarded as 1545: 1591:

which are exhibited and honoured there because of her holy memory—and she returned to Ireland, where, not much later, she rested in the Lord and was buried in the city of Down. The chapel on that island is now dedicated in honour of Saint Brigid; on its south side there is an opening through which, according to the belief of the common folk, anyone who passes will receive forgiveness of all his sins.’

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return to keep the fire burning: "the nineteenth nun puts the logs beside the fire and says 'Brigid, guard your fire, this is your night'. And in this way the fire is left there, and in the morning the wood, as usual, has been burnt and the fire is still alight". It has been suggested that this perpetual fire was originally part of a temple of Brigit the goddess.

2429:"Multiple medieval sources insist she was ordained as a bishop, a status that her successors as abbess of Kildare shared until Ireland’s ecclesiastical hierarchy was drastically revised in 1152." Callan M. “The Safest City of Refuge”: Brigid the Bishop. In: Sacred Sisters: Gender, Sanctity, and Power in Medieval Ireland. Amsterdam University Press; 2019,p85 1017:('little Brigid'), anglicized 'Breedhoge' or 'Biddy', it was made from rushes or reeds and clad in bits of cloth, flowers, or shells. In some areas, a girl took on the role of Brigid. Escorted by other girls, she went house-to-house wearing 'Brigid's crown' and carrying 'Brigid's shield' and 'Brigid's cross', all of which were made from rushes. 728:("Between St. Patrick and St. Brigid, the pillars of the Irish people, there was so great a friendship of charity that they had but one heart and one mind. Through him and through her Christ performed many great works".) However, given that the 'historical' Brigid was born in 451 and Saint Patrick died circa 461, this is unlikely. 5648: 1702:

Brigid of Ireland, or of Kildare, has been venerated since the early Middle Ages, along with Patrick and Columba, as one of the three national Christian patron saints of Ireland. By the end of the seventh century, at least two Latin biographies had been written describing her as a nobleman's daughter

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that ‘Wherefore the report is extremely prevalent that both Saint Indract and Saint Brigid, no mean inhabitants of Ireland, formerly came over to this spot. Whether Brigid returned home or died at Glastonbury is not sufficiently ascertained, though she left here some of her ornaments; that is to say,

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burning at Kildare in honour of Brigid, and that this fire had been burning since Brigid's time. He said it was ringed by a hedge that no man was allowed to cross. According to Gerald, each of the nineteen nuns took their turns guarding the fire overnight, but every twentieth night Brigid was said to

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When Brigid was travelling to see a doctor for a headache, she stayed at the house of a Leinster couple who had two mute daughters. The daughters were travelling with Brigid when her horse startled, causing her to fall and graze her head on a stone. A touch of Brigid's blood healed the girls of their

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seems to be a vestige of druidic lore. Brigid was thus born into slavery. Legends of her early holiness include her vomiting when the druid tried to feed her, due to his impurity; a white cow with red ears arrives to sustain her instead. Brigid's druid stepfather is portrayed somewhat sympathetically

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ruled in his favour. The woman fled and sought refuge with Brigid's community. By chance, one of her fishermen caught a fish which, when cut open, was found to have swallowed the brooch. The nobleman freed the woman, confessed his sin, and bowed in submission to Brigid. This is also an Irish version

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Kilbride ("Church of Brigid") is one of Ireland's most widely found placenames, there are 45 Kilbrides located in 19 of Ireland's 32 counties: Antrim (2), Carlow, Cavan, Down, Dublin, Galway, Kildare, Kilkenny (3), Laois, Longford, Louth, Mayo (5), Meath (4), Offaly (4), Roscommon (2), Waterford,

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On St Brigid's Eve, Brigid was said to visit virtuous households and bless the inhabitants. People left items of clothing or strips of cloth outside overnight for Brigid to bless. These were believed to have powers of healing and protection. Brigid would be symbolically invited into the home and a

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As she grew older, Brigid was said to have worked miracles, including healing and feeding the poor. According to one tale, as a child, she once gave away her mother's entire store of butter. The butter was then replenished in answer to Brigid's prayers. Around the age of ten, she was returned as a

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One of the most well-known stories is of Brigid asking the King of Leinster for land. She told the king that the place where she stood was the perfect spot for a convent. It was beside a forest where they could gather firewood and berries, there was a lake nearby that would provide water, and the

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was named after her; 'Saint Brigid made a stay of several years on an island near Glastonbury, called Bekery or Little Ireland, where there was an oratory consecrated in honour of Saint Mary Magdalene. She left there certain signs of her presence—her wallet, collar, bell, and weaving implements,

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Westmeath (2), Wexford (4), and Wicklow (8) as well as two Kilbreedys in Tipperary, Kilbreedia and Toberbreeda in Clare, Toberbreedia in Kilkenny, Brideswell Commons in Dublin, Bridestown and Templebreedy in Cork and Rathbride and Brideschurch in Kildare. A number of placenames are derived from

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I went all the way to Cologne on my return from Rome in 1884, on my appointment of Archbishop of Sydney to secure a portion of the precious relic of St. Brigid preserved there for over a thousand years. It is venerated at present in the Parochial Church of St. Martin to which in olden times was

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when she was dying by Saint Ninnidh of the Pure Hand. Afterwards, he reportedly had his right hand encased in metal so that it would never be defiled, and this was the origin of his epithet. Tradition says she died at Kildare on 1 February. Her year of death is usually placed around 524 or 525.

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came to woo her. Since Brigid had offered her virginity to God, she told the man that she could not accept him but that he should go to the woods behind his house where he would find a beautiful maiden to marry. Everything that he said to the maiden's parents would be pleasing to them. The man

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Brigid is said to have preserved a nun's chastity in unusual circumstances. Liam de Paor (1993) and Connolly & Picard (1987), in their complete translations of Cogitosus, give substantially the same translation of the account of Brigid's ministry to a nun who had failed to keep her vow of

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who chose to consecrate her virginity to God, took the veil as a Christian nun, and became the leader of a community of religious women—or perhaps of both women and men. Certainly, by the 7th century, there was an important double monastery at Kildare that regarded her as its founder.

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Upon Brigid's death, Darlugdach became the second abbess of Kildare. Darlugdach was so devoted to her mentor that when Brigid lay dying Darlugdach expressed the wish to die with her, but Brigid replied that Darlugdach would die on the first anniversary of her (Brigid's) death. The

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wrote that Brigid's power is expressed in 'helping' miracles: healing, feeding the hungry, and rescuing the weak from violence. Unlike Saint Patrick, "most of her miracles were humble affairs for people of low rank" and she "never dictates the course of dynastic politics".

703:. According to Giraldus, nothing that he ever saw was at all comparable to the book, every page of which was gorgeously illuminated, and the interlaced work and the harmony of the colours left the impression that "all this is the work of angelic, and not human skill". 1594:

Brides Mound in Beckery is also linked to St. Bridgid and in 2004 'Brigadine sisters, Mary and Rita Minehan, brought the perpetual Brigid flame (restored in 1993) from Solas Bhrde, in Kildare, during a Glastonbury Goddess Conference ceremony on Bride's Mound.'

1101:(Church of St Roch), where a frontal part of her skull is still venerated. However, an occipital part of the skull could already have reached Portugal in the 13th century, preserved in the Igreja São João Batista (Church of St. John the Baptist), on the 659:

Brigid, with an initial group of seven companions, is credited with organising communal consecrated religious life for women in Ireland. She founded two monasteries; one for men, the other for women. Brigid became the first Abbess of Kildare and invited

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In one story, Brigid protected a woman from a nobleman who had entrusted a silver brooch to the woman for safekeeping but then secretly had thrown it into the sea. He charged her with stealing it, knowing that he could take her as a slave if a

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to sell her. While Dubhthach was talking to the king, Brigid gave away her father's bejewelled sword to a beggar to barter it for food to feed his family. The king recognised her holiness and convinced Dubhthach to grant his daughter freedom.

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St. Brigid's popularity made the name Brigid (or its variants such as Brigitte, Bridie, and Bree) popular in Ireland over the centuries. One writer noted that at one time in history "every Irish family had a Patrick and a Brigid".

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wrote that the melding of a pagan goddess and Christian saint can be seen in some of the miracles, where Brigid multiplies food, bestows cattle and sheep, controls the weather, and is associated with fire or thermal springs.

1194:, purported relics of the saint reposing in Armagh were lost in an accidental fire in 1179. In the seventeenth century, Armagh also had a street named Brigid located near Brigid's church in the area called "Brigid's Ward." 1006:

bed would often be made for her. In some places, a family member who represented Brigid would circle the house three times carrying rushes. They would then knock on the door three times before being welcomed in.

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Saint Brigid's feast day is 1 February. Cogitosus, writing in the late 7th century, is the first to mention a feast day of Saint Brigid being observed in Kildare on this date. It was also the date of

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at the temple of the goddess Brigid, was responsible for converting it into a Christian monastery, and that after her death, the name and characteristics of the goddess became attached to the saint.

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of the monasteries in Ireland. Her successors have always been accorded episcopal honour. Brigid's oratory at Kildare became a centre of religion and learning, and developed into a cathedral city.

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According to Brian Wright, the miracles of Brigid outlined by Cogitosus mostly concern healing; charity; cows, sheep and dairy; the harvest; fire; fertility/pregnancy; and her virginity/holiness.

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of the goddess; others that she was a real person whose mythos took on the goddess's attributes. Medieval art historian Pamela Berger argues that Christian monks "took the ancient figure of the

1237:, tradition holds that nuns at her monastery kept an eternal flame burning there. She is also often depicted with a cow, or sometimes geese. Leitmotifs, some of them borrowed from the 1213: 726:"inter sanctum Patricium Brigitanque Hibernesium columnas amicitia caritatis inerat tanta, ut unum cor consiliumque haberent unum. Christus per illum illamque virtutes multas peregit" 56: 1312:

There are many traditions associating the saint with Wales, with dedications and folklore found across the country. As such, villages are often named for either a church or "

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Because of the legendary quality of the earliest accounts of her life, there is debate among many secular scholars and Christians as to the truthfulness of her biographies.

1109:), where it is venerated on 2 February (not 1 February, as in Ireland). According to the local tradition of the latter church, St. Brigid's head would have been carried to 589:. An 8th-century account calls the druid Maithghean. It says Broicsech gave birth to Brigid at dawn, on the threshold, while bringing milk into the druid's house. This 4493: 4523: 942:

She is a patroness saint of Ireland (and one of its three national saints), as well as of healers, poets, blacksmiths, livestock and dairy workers, among others.

5747: 720:. She is said to have visited Longford, Tipperary, Limerick, and South Leinster. Her friendship with Saint Patrick is noted in the following paragraph from the 404:, and there are many supernatural events and folk customs associated with her. Furthermore, the saint's feast day falls on the Gaelic traditional festival of 2154: 2830: 5757: 5581: 2880:

Relaçam do solenne recebimento que se fez em Lisboa ás santas reliquias q̃ se leuáram á igreja de S. Roque da Companhia de Iesv aos .25. de Ianeiro de 1588

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such as the story where she hangs her cloak on a sunbeam, are associated with the wonder tales of her hagiography and folklore. Cogitosus' circa 650

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in 824. In Donatus' prologue, it refers to the earlier Lives by St Ultan (see before for his hymn), St. Aleran (see "Vita I") and an Anonymus. A 34-

267:. She is patroness of many things, including poetry, learning, healing, protection, blacksmithing, livestock and dairy production. In her honour, a 1579:

her necklace, bag, and implements for embroidering, which are yet shown in memory of her sanctity, and are efficacious in curing divers diseases.’

1198: 1047: 1030:, County Kerry, which holds a yearly "Biddy's Day Festival". Men and women wearing elaborate straw hats and masks visit public houses carrying a 400:"are mainly anecdotes and miracle stories, some of which are deeply rooted in Irish pagan folklore". She has the same name as the Celtic goddess 2345: 1245:

portrays Brigid as having the power to multiply such things as butter, bacon, and milk, to bestow sheep and cattle, and to control the weather.

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contains also (unspecified) relics of St. Brigid, brought by the canons of St. Michael in 1398 when they were forced to leave their submerged

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of nuns. There are few documented historical facts about her, and her hagiographies are mainly anecdotes and miracle tales, some of which are

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Moran wrote about the circumstances in which he obtained the tooth in a letter to the Reverend Mother of this Convent dated 13 March 1906:

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In Ireland and parts of Scotland, a doll representing Brigid would be paraded around the community by girls and young women. Known as the

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had several associations with St. Brigid. In the twelfth century, the city had two crosses dedicated to Brigid, though, according to the

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in the stories. He can see that Brigid is special, he is concerned for Brigid's welfare, and he eventually frees her and her mother.

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Brigid is credited with founding a school of art, including metalwork and illumination, which Conleth oversaw. The Kildare

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is thought to be Pictish for "Church of Brigid". In Toryglen, on Glasgow's southside, there is St. Brigid's RC parish.

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Cogitosus said she spent her youth as a farm worker; churning butter, shepherding the flocks and tending the harvest.

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See AP Smyth, "The earliest Irish Annals: their first contemporary entries and the earliest centres of recording",

1361: 1145: 3461: 4608: 4418: 4378: 1365: 467:('Brigid ever-excellent woman') also known as "Ultan's hymn", and the second is "Broccán's hymn", composed by St 5762: 5214: 4473: 4140: 3922: 3806: 3786: 3726: 3484: 1357: 1121: 4047: 1081:, excepting Brigid's head which was saved by some of the clergymen who took it to the Franciscan monastery of 1042: 5347: 4686: 4656: 3821: 3611: 3507: 2982: 2285: 1480: 558:. Another tradition is that she was born at Ummeras, near Kildare. All early sources say she was one of the 132: 2040:; the priority of one or the other Life is disputed; an earlier, lost, Life, has also been postulated, cf. 2007: 1997: 1483:, is the unincorporated community (or township) St. Bridget, described by some accounts as an extinct town. 396:

There is debate over whether Brigid was a real person. There are few historical facts about her, and early

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In both of the earliest biographies, Dubhthach is so annoyed with Brigid that he took her in a chariot to

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The customs of Saint Brigid's Day did not begin to be recorded in detail until the early modern era.

551: 2956: 2511: 2353: 2326: 949:, and a tomb raised over her "adorned with gems and precious stones and crowns of gold and silver". 5697: 5692: 5510: 5490: 5390: 5232: 4498: 4408: 4383: 4363: 4300: 4260: 4230: 4180: 4160: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4057: 3927: 3801: 3698: 3689: 3636: 2176: 2150: 2037: 1843: 1583: 859: 732: 453: 321: 751: 468: 5664: 5551: 5546: 5495: 5420: 4775: 4623: 4513: 4468: 4458: 4388: 4373: 4270: 4255: 4250: 4185: 4150: 4145: 4042: 3992: 3967: 3932: 3897: 3776: 3666: 3656: 3601: 3568: 3450: 3390: 3033: 2900: 2680: 2390: 1349: 925: 777: 626: 601:

household servant to her father, where her charity led her to donate his belongings to the poor.

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http://sip.mirabileweb.it/title/vita-sanctae-brigidae-91-vita-metrica91-(has-ego-d-title/24614

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http://omniumsanctorumhiberniae.blogspot.com/2013/07/saint-coelan-of-inis-cealtra-july-29.html

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Her year of birth is usually given as 451 or 452 AD. One tradition is that Brigid was born at

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Discussion on dates for the annals and the accuracy of dates relating to St Brigid continues.

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Uita metrica sanctae Brigidae: a critical edition with introduction, commentary and indexes

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are traditionally made on her feast day. These are three- or four-armed crosses woven from

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http://triasthaumaturga.blogspot.com/2012/02/a-commentary-on-life-of-saint-brigid-by.html

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is St Brigid of Kildare, about whom many local stories, songs, and customs are recorded.

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After Brigid promised God a life of chastity, her brothers were annoyed at the loss of a

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Roy, Considère-Charon; Marie-Claire, Laplace; Philippe, Savaric; Michel, Foster (2008).

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http://triasthaumaturga.blogspot.com/2012/02/the-hymn-in-praise-of-saint-brigid-of.html

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http://triasthaumaturga.blogspot.com/2012/02/the-hymn-in-praise-of-saint-brigid-by.html

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REAP (Revista de Estudos Anglo-Portugueses)-JAPS (Journal of Anglo-Portuguese Studies)

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popularly known since medieval times as the Madonna Lily for its association with the

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Brigid, who was an expert dairywoman and brewer, was reputed to turn water into beer.

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The Goddess Obscured: Transformation of the Grain Protectress from Goddess to Saint

1607: 1544: 1533: 1431: 1397: 1268:

is also known as the "St. Brigid's Christmas Rose". Kildare, the church of the oak

638: 630: 566:. Three biographies name her mother as Broicsech, a slave who had been baptised by 347: 311: 212: 162: 2570:. Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland: St. Brigid's G.N.S. 14 November 2012. Archived from 1165:

Convent of Mercy took a purported fragment of the skull to St. Bridget's [

518:

Latin poem about St Brigid had previously been composed by the Irish Roman cleric

3193: 2878: 2571: 1837: 1571:

depicting the saint with a spindle, a bowl of fire, and a cow in the background.

1221:

In liturgical iconography and statuary, Saint Brigid is often depicted holding a

581:

when she became pregnant. This might have been inspired by the Biblical story of

5465: 5312: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5079: 5029: 5024: 5014: 4989: 4924: 4814: 4613: 4603: 4583: 4453: 4428: 3957: 3864: 3651: 3476: 2510: 1961: 1765: 1556: 1451: 1297: 1255: 1202: 1058: 879: 835: 736: 688: 503: 397: 295: 274:

Some historians suggest that Brigid is a Christianisation of the Celtic goddess

240: 224: 215:(or 'mother saint') of Ireland, and one of its three national saints along with 5659: 5608: 1023:

are often visited on St Brigid's Day, especially those wells dedicated to her.

286:

and many other folk customs. It was originally a pre-Christian festival called

5475: 5149: 5034: 5009: 4859: 4696: 3977: 3431:"Hearth-Prayers and Other Traditions of Brigit: Celtic Goddess and Holy Woman" 2894: 2861:

Journal of the County Kildare Archaeological Society and Surrounding Districts

1615: 1525: 1500: 1301: 1027: 839: 764: 590: 487: 3446: 3386: 3340: 3270: 3224: 3093: 2795: 2649: 1493:, is named for St. Brigid, reflecting historical ties to southeastern Ireland 804:

showing Brigid turning water into beer (left) and healing a blind man (right)

506:

of the 7th–8th centuries, but appears more likely to have been written by St

478:) at the request of Ultan who was his tutor. Two early Lives of St Brigid in 439:, built on the site of the original abbey said to have been founded by Brigid 5455: 5362: 5054: 4716: 4568: 3811: 3676: 3553: 3305: 2933:

Lisboa guarda Segredos Milenares. Santa Brígida, uma Deusa Céltica no Lumiar

2460: 2313: 1716:"St Brigid's Day: Ireland's new public holiday, the 1st named after a woman" 1393: 1317: 1238: 1172: 1141: 1020: 980: 515: 491: 449: 331: 256: 2055:"Bethu Brigte • CODECS: Online Database and e-Resources for Celtic Studies" 1667:(Fifth Edition, Revised). Oxford University Press, 2011. pp.66–67, 467–470. 1586:

wrote in the mid-fourteenth century that the chapel which was excavated in

1316:" associated with Bridget. These include the village, castle and parish of 486:

I and II, were written in the 7th–8th centuries, the first one possibly by

3168:"Margaret Fay Shaw's photographs of the women of South Uist – Canna House" 2054: 1603:

A fictionalised wish-granting version of Saint Brigid appears in the 2024

167:

Kildare; Ireland; healers; poets; blacksmiths; livestock and dairy workers

5440: 5277: 5257: 4315: 4265: 4067: 3796: 3606: 3285: 2612:"Wild Irish Women: Saint Brigid – Mary of the Gaels | Irish America" 2289: 1401: 1069:. The relics of the three saints were said to have been found in 1185 by 984: 713: 563: 559: 543: 385: 367: 342: 113: 3454: 3430: 3252:

Encyclopedia of the Zombie: The Walking Dead in Popular Culture and Myth

3037: 1885:

Myth, Legend & Romance: An Encyclopaedia of the Irish Folk Tradition

1442:, substantially rebuilt since its foundation in the 600s (7th century). 17: 5332: 5307: 5252: 4769: 4734: 4175: 4130: 3892: 3829: 3684: 3394: 3107:

Geithmann, Harriet. "A Welcome member of the Spring and Falls Garden",

2631:

Saint Patrick's World: The Christian Culture of Ireland's Apostolic Age

2295: 2267: 2186: 1604: 1587: 1226: 1162: 1133: 1073:, and on 9 June of the following year he had them solemnly reburied in 1066: 988: 661: 649: 582: 547: 220: 109: 3075:

The Music of What Happens: Celtic Spirituality: A View from the Inside

2939:

Uma Santa e Três Cavaleiros: a Propósito da Igreja Paroquial do Lumiar

384:" and the "Mother Saint of Ireland". A less common name is "Brigid of 298:, who tradition says was her student, close companion, and successor. 5337: 5272: 5262: 5247: 5222: 4275: 3902: 3358: 3320: 3250: 3073: 2775: 2629: 1230: 1187: 1128:, obtained a relic of the saint's tooth from the parochial church of 1102: 1090: 1054: 999: 976: 945:

Brigid is said to have been buried at the high altar of the original

874: 869:

The prayers of Saint Brigid were said to still the wind and the rain.

793: 669: 642: 405: 401: 380:, "St. Brigit's church". She is also referred to as "the Mary of the 307: 287: 275: 228: 3464:

The Saints of Ireland: The Life-Stories of SS. Brigid and Columcille

3378: 2440: 416:

and grafted her name and functions onto her Christian counterpart".

2663: 2144: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 1809: 577:

says that Dubhthach's wife forced him to sell Brigid's mother to a

5327: 5322: 5297: 5267: 5242: 4759: 4744: 4739: 3849: 3537: 2628:

Liam, De Paor (1996). "Cogitosus' Life of St. Brigid the Virgin".

1543: 1469: 1373: 1275: 1212: 1041: 1034:

to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck for the coming year.

905: 853: 787: 750: 616: 586: 578: 555: 431: 421: 381: 260: 43: 648:

According to tradition, around 480 Brigid founded a monastery at

502:

III, in hexameter verse, is sometimes attributed to St Coelan of

4786: 4764: 4724: 3942: 3154: 3024:

Paterson, T. G. F. (1945). "Brigid's Crosses in County Armagh".

2038:

https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Vita_sanctae_Brigitae_(Cogitosus)

828: 740: 3480: 2009:

Goidelica: Old and Early-middle-Irish Glosses, Prose and Verse

1999:

Ancient Irish hymn of St. Brogan-Cloen in praise of St. Brigid

1167: 570:. They name her father as Dubhthach, a chieftain of Leinster. 3137: 1796:

Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain

1264:, called the "Brigid anemone" since the early 19th century. 1085:, in Austria. In 1587 it was presented to the church of the 2831:"Mid-Kerry Biddy Tradition Gets Official State Recognition" 2594:"St. Brigid's Cloak: Legendary Fictions of the Irish Celts" 2379:. Vol. 5. Dublin: Hodges, Smith, and Co. p. 1249. 2042:

https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Vita_sanctae_Brigitae_(lost)

3435:

The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

2034:

https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Vita_prima_sanctae_Brigitae

2018:

https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Preface_to_Broccán%27s_hymn

2012:, 1872, p. 137-146 (see p. 133-137 for Ultan's hymn); cf. 1636:

https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/htc/orthodox-calendar/

1248:

Plant motifs associated with St. Brigid include the white

1217:

Stained-glass window showing Saint Brigid holding her lamp

850:

followed her instructions and Brigid's prophecy came true.

2903:

from the original on 7 November 2021 – via YouTube.

1026:

St Brigid's Day parades have been revived in the town of

920:

Brigid is honoured on 1 February in the calendars of the

755:

St Brigid being carried away by angels, in a painting by

324: 2957:"Igreja Paroquial do Lumiar-Igreja de São João Baptista" 2214:

Butler's Lives of the Saints: New Full Edition: February

335: 3462:

De Blacam, Hugh. "Saint Brigid: The Mary Of The Gael",

1758:

Christian Spirituality: God's Presence Through the Ages

1680:

Holy People of the World: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia

30:"Saint Brigid" redirects here. Not to be confused with 735:, who wrote the life of Brigid, recounts a story that 5636: 2268:"Early Irish Saints' Cults and Their Constituencies". 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 845:

When Brigid was of marital age, a man by the name of

448:

Among the most ancient accounts of St Brigid are two

290:, marking the beginning of spring. From 2023 it is a 282:

is 1 February, and traditionally it involves weaving

157:; crozier of an abbess; flames or lamp; cow or geese 5539: 5371: 5213: 4785: 4715: 4647: 4344: 4109: 4076: 3878: 3820: 3707: 3675: 3592: 3544: 2777:

The Irish Celebrating: Festive and Tragic Overtones

1979:

Peritia: Journal of the Medieval Academy of Ireland

161: 148: 138: 120: 98: 81: 74: 41: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2006:vol 4, February 1868, p. 221-237; Whitley Stokes, 1983:https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Brigit_bé_bithmaith 1902: 1520:, Saint Brigid (along with the goddess Brigid and 878:of a widespread story; another version is told of 699:(Giraldus Cambrensis), but disappeared during the 314: 3357:Scott, John (July 1983). Carley, James P. (ed.). 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2014:https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/N%C3%AD_car_Brigit 1839:The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore 1733:"Saint Brigid of Ireland | Biography & Facts" 1113:in 1283 by three Irish knights travelling to the 1057:raids, Brigid's relics were purportedly taken to 420:and others suggest that the saint had been chief 1411:, one of the most prominent figures featured in 625:It is said that Brigid was "veiled" or became a 490:(died in 665), lector of Clonard, the second by 320:"high, exalted" and ultimately originating with 1150: 956:wrote that nineteen nuns took turns keeping a 494:, a monk of Kildare. An Old Irish prose Life, 3492: 3322:Glastonbury Abbey and the Arthurian Tradition 2983:"St. Brigid: Holy Wells, Patterns and Relics" 8: 1798:. Oxford University Press. pp. 134–138. 408:. Some scholars suggest that the saint is a 3052:Irish Medieval Monasteries on the Continent 2817:The Year in Ireland: Irish Calendar Customs 2478:"St. Brigit (or Brigid)—Wonders of Ireland" 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1474:Brigida von Kildare, Gross St. Martin, Köln 1011: 629:either through Saint Mac Caille, Bishop of 371: 361: 351: 306:The saint has the same name as the goddess 271:was kept burning at Kildare for centuries. 3499: 3485: 3477: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2085:, "Recent Research on Irish Hagiography", 1870: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1458:form of the name is common, the parish of 1274:, is associated with a tree sacred to the 55: 38: 3466:, The Bruce Publishing Company, Milwaukee 3290:. Diana Griffiths. Glastonbury: Ariadne. 3249:Fonseca, Anthony J., ed. (19 June 2014). 2180:lxxii C (1972), pp 1–48 Daniel McCarthy: 292:public holiday in the Republic of Ireland 255:and an enslaved Christian woman, and was 251:. They say Brigid was the daughter of an 2472: 2470: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 1975:The Old-Irish Hymn "Brigit Bé Bithmaith" 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1140:and gave it to the Brigidine Sisters in 5643: 2780:. Cambridge Scholars Press. p. 2. 2749:Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy 2182:The chronology of St. Brigit of Kildare 1627: 1454:, where the first name "Breeshey", the 3352: 3350: 3213:SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica 2623: 2621: 2113:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 1487:St. Bride's, Newfoundland and Labrador 763:Brigid is said to have been given the 341: 2872: 2870: 2720:"Brigid of Kildare, Monastic, c. 523" 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 1940:. The History Press, 2011. pp. 36–37. 1932: 1930: 637:at Mág Tulach (the present barony of 510:, an Irish monk who became Bishop of 388:", after her traditional birthplace. 27:Irish abbess and saint (c. 451 – 525) 7: 5748:Late Ancient Christian female saints 3138:"Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann" 1727: 1725: 1420:Folksongs and Folklore of South Uist 1199:Old Saint Peter's Church, Strasbourg 1048:Old Saint Peter's Church, Strasbourg 621:Saint Brigid by Patrick Joseph Tuohy 376:), such as in several places called 2555:Brigid: Goddess, Druidess and Saint 1938:Brigid: Goddess, Druidess and Saint 1555:St. Brigid has long been linked to 1364:in Ceredigion, and the villages of 676:, to help her; he became the first 231:who founded the important abbey of 65:at St Mary of the Rosary Church in 5758:People whose existence is disputed 4399:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales 3517:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints 3472:The Serpent and the Goddess (1989) 3229:Irish Names from Ancient to Modern 3192:Weiser-Alexander, K. (July 2020). 1981:22–23, 2011–2012, p. 182–187; cf. 1161:In 1905, Sister Mary Agnes of the 25: 5738:Female saints of medieval Ireland 3361:De antiquitate Glastonie ecclesie 2819:. Mercier Press, pp.20–25, 97–98. 2275:, vol. 54, 2004, pp.84–85, 88–89. 1550:St. Patrick's Chapel, Glastonbury 1503:is named after Brigid of Kildare. 1205:, itself founded by Irish monks. 716:and founded many churches in the 641:), who gave her the powers of an 5670: 5658: 5646: 5619: 5607: 5486:María de las Maravillas de Jesús 5343:Seven Maccabees and their mother 4529:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War 3126:, vol. 23, April 7, 1883, p. 317 2518:Dictionary of National Biography 2377:Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland 2139: 1909:. Boston: Beacon Press. p. 1559:. Sites that depict her include 1409:Hebridean mythology and folklore 1328:), the churches and villages of 3122:"St. Brigid's Christmas Rose", 2981:Atherton, D. W.; Peyton, M. P. 1810:"Brigid of Faughart – Festival" 1665:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints 1046:A reliquary of Saint Brigid in 776:has assigned 1 February as the 263:'s household before becoming a 3319:Carley, James Patrick (2001). 3060:Catholic University of America 2855:Murphy, Denis (January 1895). 2291:A little book of Celtic saints 1548:A painting of Saint Brigid in 1489:, at the southwest tip of the 695:, which drew high praise from 294:. This feast day is shared by 223:. According to medieval Irish 211: – 525) is the 1: 5743:Irish Roman Catholic abbesses 5451:Faustina and Liberata of Como 4639:Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia 4584:Teresa Benedicta of the Cross 3508:Saints of the Catholic Church 3255:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 3166:Barnes, Lily (27 June 2019). 3026:Ulster Journal of Archaeology 2829:Kelleher, S. (27 July 2019). 1887:. Prentice-Hall Press, 1991. 1266:Heleborus niger augustifolius 1053:About the year 878, owing to 858:Saint Brigid depicted in the 522: 472: 457: 205: 102: 85: 5713:5th-century Christian saints 3072:Ó Ríordáin, John J. (1997). 2327:"St. Brigid of Ireland", CNA 2151:Flood, William Henry Grattan 1677:Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004). 1340:, the church and village of 1061:and reburied in the tomb of 639:Fartullagh, County Westmeath 239:), as well as several other 5753:Medieval saints of Leinster 3172:National Trust for Scotland 2521:. Vol. 14. p. 63. 2442:Wisdom of the Celtic Saints 2107: ; see D. N. Kissane, 2004:Irish Ecclesiastical Record 1683:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 140–. 1296:("Brigid's Hill"), such as 1175:, a request granted by the 562:, a people mainly based in 61:Saint Brigid of Ireland in 5784: 5728:6th-century Christian nuns 5708:5th-century Christian nuns 5614:Catholic Church portal 4574:Saints of the Cristero War 3429:Catháin, Séamas Ó (1992). 3287:The Goddess in Glastonbury 2877:de Campos, Manoel (1588). 1634:February 14 / February 1. 1462:is named after the saint. 968: 952:In the late 12th century, 922:Catholic Church in Ireland 29: 5602: 4609:Three Martyrs of Chimbote 4379:Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala 3554:Mother of God (Theotokos) 3514: 2391:"History of Kildare Town" 2115:vol. 77, 1977, p. 57-192. 1574:It is also documented by 1479:In the United States, in 1392:are called after Brigid. 1366:Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain 54: 5768:People from County Louth 5733:6th-century Irish abbots 5718:5th-century Irish abbots 4755:Joseph (father of Jesus) 4141:Athanasius of Alexandria 3923:Athanasius of Alexandria 3807:Theophanes the Confessor 3787:Paul I of Constantinople 3782:Paphnutius the Confessor 3727:Athanasius the Confessor 3413:Friends of Bride's Mound 2439:Sellner, Edward (2006). 2190:, xiv (2000), pp 255–81. 2091:, vol. 35, 1946, p. 537. 1358:Llansanffraid Glan Conwy 893:When on the bank of the 656:, "church of the oak"). 4687:Gregory the Illuminator 4657:Augustine of Canterbury 4206:Dionysius of Alexandria 4121:Alexander of Alexandria 3225:"About the Name Brigid" 3111:, vol. 62, 1927, p. 418 3000:"St. Brigid of Kildare" 2930:; see Gabriela Morais, 2915:"St. Brigid of Ireland" 2857:"St. Brigid of Kildare" 2684:(subscription required) 2409:"St. Brigid of Ireland" 2375:O’ Donavan, J. (1856). 2346:"St. Brigit of Ireland" 2264:Charles-Edwards, Thomas 1901:Berger, Pamela (1985). 1814:www.brigidoffaughart.ie 1737:Encyclopedia Britannica 1481:Marshall County, Kansas 452:hymns; the first by St 336: 326: 316: 178:Saint Brigid of Ireland 174:Saint Brigid of Kildare 133:Eastern Orthodox Church 5723:6th-century Irish nuns 5703:5th-century Irish nuns 4126:Alexander of Jerusalem 3732:Chariton the Confessor 3694:in the Catholic Church 3078:. The Columbia Press. 2815:Danaher, Kevin (1972) 2598:www.libraryireland.com 2509:Olden, Thomas (1888). 2482:www.libraryireland.com 1552: 1540:Links with Glastonbury 1475: 1218: 1203:abbey of Honau-Rheinau 1159: 1122:Francis Cardinal Moran 1111:King Dinis of Portugal 1050: 1012: 917: 862: 809:Thomas Charles-Edwards 805: 760: 622: 440: 372: 362: 352: 201: 185: 5557:Fourteen Holy Helpers 5521:Trasilla and Emiliana 4672:Evermode of Ratzeburg 4554:Perpetua and Felicity 4524:Martyrs of Sandomierz 4394:Dismas the Good Thief 4321:Theophilus of Antioch 4291:Maximus the Confessor 4226:Epiphanius of Salamis 4166:Clement of Alexandria 3880:Doctors of the Church 3772:Maximus the Confessor 3559:Immaculate Conception 3284:Jones, Kathy (1990). 3194:"St. Bridget, Kansas" 3155:St. Brigid's Toryglen 2699:The Church of England 2634:. Four Courts Press. 2568:"Story of St. Brigid" 2395:Kildare Local History 2160:Catholic Encyclopedia 2155:St. Brigid of Ireland 1954:Christ in the Margins 1952:, & Gateley, E., 1582:The Benedictine Monk 1576:William of Malmesbury 1547: 1473: 1342:St. Brides Netherwent 1258:, and the Windflower 1243:Vita Sanctae Brigidae 1223:Cross of Saint Brigid 1216: 1192:Monasticon Hibernicum 1045: 909: 857: 847:Dubthach maccu Lugair 791: 754: 712:Brigid spent time in 620: 484:Vita Sanctae Brigitae 435: 343:[ˈbʲrʲiɣʲidʲ] 334:her name was spelled 5461:Hiltrude of Liessies 5406:Catherine of Bologna 5401:Bernadette Soubirous 4594:17 Thomasian Martyrs 4404:Four Crowned Martyrs 4326:Victorinus of Pettau 4306:Papias of Hierapolis 4276:Jerome of Stridonium 4241:Gregory of Nazianzus 4211:Dionysius of Corinth 4033:Lawrence of Brindisi 3988:Bernard of Clairvaux 3963:Anselm of Canterbury 3918:Gregory of Nazianzus 3845:Priscilla and Aquila 3742:Edward the Confessor 2899:. 14 December 2007. 2724:The Episcopal Church 2677:Charity holiday gift 2537:, Brigidine Sisters" 2419:on 29 November 2014. 2413:Catholic News Agency 2211:Burns, Paul (1998). 1565:St. Patrick's Chapel 1418:'s iconic 1955 book 1330:St. Brides-super-Ely 1235:Patrick Weston Joyce 1229:of the sort used by 1155:Cathedral of Cologne 1126:Archbishop of Sydney 911:Saint Brigid's Cross 606:the King of Leinster 552:Conaille Muirtheimne 5511:Teresa of the Andes 5391:Angela of the Cross 5353:Zechariah (prophet) 4499:Martyrs of La Rioja 4494:21 Martyrs of Libya 4384:Christina of Persia 4364:Charles de Foucauld 4301:Quadratus of Athens 4261:Ignatius of Antioch 4231:Fulgentius of Ruspe 4181:Cyril of Alexandria 4176:Cyprian of Carthage 4161:Cappadocian Fathers 4058:Hildegard of Bingen 3928:Cyril of Alexandria 3802:Sergius of Radonezh 3564:Perpetual virginity 2946:28, 2019, p. 57-75. 2543:on 2 February 2015. 2298:: Appletree Press. 2177:Royal Irish Academy 2175:Proceedings of the 1846:, 2004), pp. 59–60. 1844:Facts on File, Inc. 1584:John of Glastonbury 1181:António Mendes Belo 1130:St. Martin of Tours 1099:Igreja de São Roque 964: 860:Nuremberg Chronicle 733:Ultan of Ardbraccan 465:Brigit Bé Bithmaith 454:Ultan of Ardbraccan 350:she is also called 322:Proto-Indo-European 310:, derived from the 247:of hero tales from 114:Kingdom of Leinster 5552:Four Holy Marshals 5547:Calendar of saints 5516:Teresa of Calcutta 5496:Patricia of Naples 5421:Catherine of Siena 4702:Patrick of Ireland 4624:Vietnamese Martyrs 4514:Martyrs of Otranto 4469:Martyrs of Cajonos 4464:Martyrs of Algeria 4459:Martyrs of Albania 4419:The Holy Innocents 4389:Devasahayam Pillai 4374:Carthusian Martyrs 4316:Polycarp of Smyrna 4271:Isidore of Seville 4256:Hippolytus of Rome 4251:Hilary of Poitiers 4186:Cyril of Jerusalem 4151:Caesarius of Arles 4146:Augustine of Hippo 4048:Thérèse of Lisieux 4043:Catherine of Siena 3993:Hilary of Poitiers 3968:Isidore of Seville 3943:Bede the Venerable 3933:Cyril of Jerusalem 3898:Augustine of Hippo 3812:Pio of Pietrelcina 3777:Michael of Synnada 3211:St. Brigid Island. 2896:St. Brigid's Skull 2883:. Antonio Ribeiro. 2681:The New York Times 2614:. 29 January 2018. 2574:on 27 January 2013 2512:"Darlugdach" 2445:. Bog Walk Press. 2059:codecs.vanhamel.nl 1718:. 20 January 2022. 1599:In popular culture 1567:on the grounds of 1553: 1476: 1348:and the church of 1219: 1095:Emperor Rudolph II 1051: 971:Saint Brigid's Day 965:Saint Brigid's Day 918: 863: 806: 761: 627:consecrated virgin 623: 441: 265:consecrated virgin 129:Anglican Communion 5634: 5633: 5626:Saints portal 5577:Miles Christianus 5562:Martyr of charity 5531:Josephine Bakhita 5526:Ubaldesca Taccini 5471:Kateri Tekakwitha 5446:Faustina Kowalska 5436:Eulalia of Mérida 5416:Catherine Labouré 5411:Brigid of Kildare 5238:Baruch ben Neriah 4682:François de Laval 4667:Damien of Molokai 4634:Victor and Corona 4629:Valentine of Rome 4519:Martyrs of Prague 4484:Martyrs of Gorkum 4444:Martyrs of Lübeck 4331:Vincent of Lérins 4311:Peter Chrysologus 4266:Irenaeus of Lyons 4236:Gregory the Great 4221:Ephrem the Syrian 4018:Robert Bellarmine 4013:John of the Cross 3998:Alphonsus Liguori 3973:Peter Chrysologus 3948:Ephrem the Syrian 3913:Basil of Caesarea 3888:Gregory the Great 3870:Seventy disciples 3762:Lazarus Zographos 3747:Francis of Assisi 3617:James of Alphaeus 3574:Marian apparition 3262:978-1-4408-0389-5 3223:De Blacam, Hugh. 3198:Legends of Kansas 3050:Fuhrmann, J. P., 2787:978-1-4438-0667-1 2305:978-0-86281-456-4 2219:Burns & Oates 1569:Glastonbury Abbey 1532:, the consort of 1497:St. Brigid Island 1440:St Bride's Church 1416:Margaret Fay Shaw 1413:ethnomusicologist 1356:, the village of 1338:Vale of Glamorgan 1261:Anemone coronaria 1115:Aragonese Crusade 947:Kildare Cathedral 933:Church of England 929:Church of Ireland 924:, as well as the 718:Diocese of Elphin 709:Trias Thaumaturga 706:According to the 678:Bishop of Kildare 631:Cruachán Brí Éile 437:Kildare Cathedral 280:saint's feast day 245:Christianisations 171: 170: 121:Venerated in 32:Bridget of Sweden 16:(Redirected from 5775: 5675: 5674: 5673: 5663: 5662: 5651: 5650: 5649: 5642: 5624: 5623: 5622: 5612: 5611: 5491:Narcisa de Jesús 5476:Lucy of Syracuse 5381:Agatha of Sicily 5293:John the Baptist 4539:Maximilian Kolbe 4534:Martyrs of Zenta 4509:Martyrs of Natal 4489:Martyrs of Japan 4479:Martyrs of China 4474:Martyrs of Drina 4409:Gerard of Csanád 4369:Canadian Martyrs 4354:Abda and Abdisho 4296:Melito of Sardis 4286:John of Damascus 4246:Gregory of Nyssa 4131:Ambrose of Milan 4063:Gregory of Narek 4028:Anthony of Padua 4003:Francis de Sales 3938:John of Damascus 3584:Joseph (husband) 3536: → 3532: → 3528: → 3501: 3494: 3487: 3478: 3458: 3417: 3416: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3354: 3345: 3344: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3281: 3275: 3274: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3163: 3157: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3134: 3128: 3119: 3113: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3069: 3063: 3056:Washington, D.C. 3048: 3042: 3041: 3021: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2953: 2947: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2874: 2865: 2864: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2826: 2820: 2813: 2800: 2799: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2741: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2716: 2710: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2691: 2685: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2625: 2616: 2615: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2564: 2558: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2539:. Archived from 2529: 2523: 2522: 2514: 2506: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2474: 2465: 2464: 2436: 2430: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2415:. Archived from 2405: 2399: 2398: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2356:on 19 March 2021 2352:. Archived from 2342: 2329: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2282: 2276: 2261: 2250: 2249: 2238: 2223: 2222: 2208: 2191: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2116: 2098: 2092: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2051: 2045: 2030: 2024: 1995: 1989: 1971: 1965: 1964:, 2003), p. 121. 1947: 1941: 1934: 1925: 1924: 1908: 1898: 1892: 1881:Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí 1878: 1847: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1788: 1773: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1729: 1720: 1719: 1712: 1706: 1705: 1699: 1697: 1674: 1668: 1661: 1638: 1632: 1491:Avalon Peninsula 1177:Bishop of Lisbon 1087:Society of Jesus 1015: 996:Brigid's crosses 987:(1 August), and 937:Episcopal Church 780:of both saints. 682:superior general 556:Kingdom of Ulaid 527: 524: 477: 474: 462: 459: 410:Christianisation 375: 365: 355: 345: 339: 329: 319: 284:Brigid's crosses 253:Irish clan chief 210: 207: 107: 104: 90: 87: 59: 39: 21: 5783: 5782: 5778: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5772: 5763:Anglican saints 5683: 5682: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5657: 5647: 5645: 5637: 5635: 5630: 5620: 5618: 5606: 5598: 5589:Seven Champions 5582:Church Militant 5572:Athleta Christi 5567:Military saints 5535: 5431:Clare of Assisi 5367: 5303:Judas Barsabbas 5209: 4781: 4711: 4697:Nino of Georgia 4643: 4549:Pedro Calungsod 4504:Martyrs of Laos 4449:Luigi Versiglia 4340: 4281:John Chrysostom 4171:Clement of Rome 4112: 4105: 4072: 4038:Teresa of Ávila 4023:Albertus Magnus 3908:John Chrysostom 3874: 3835:Mary of Bethany 3816: 3722:Anthony of Kiev 3703: 3671: 3622:James the Great 3588: 3540: 3519: 3510: 3505: 3428: 3425: 3423:Further reading 3420: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3379:10.2307/2849009 3356: 3355: 3348: 3333: 3325:. D.S. Brewer. 3318: 3317: 3313: 3298: 3283: 3282: 3278: 3263: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3233: 3231: 3222: 3221: 3217: 3209: 3205: 3191: 3190: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3153: 3149: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3120: 3116: 3109:House Beautiful 3105: 3101: 3086: 3071: 3070: 3066: 3062:, 1927), p. 39. 3049: 3045: 3023: 3022: 3018: 3008: 3006: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2985: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2965: 2963: 2955: 2954: 2950: 2923: 2921: 2919:Catholic Online 2913: 2912: 2908: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2876: 2875: 2868: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2814: 2803: 2788: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2758: 2756: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2703: 2701: 2693: 2692: 2688: 2675: 2671: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2642: 2627: 2626: 2619: 2610: 2609: 2605: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2577: 2575: 2566: 2565: 2561: 2552: 2548: 2531: 2530: 2526: 2508: 2507: 2496: 2486: 2484: 2476: 2475: 2468: 2453: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2407: 2406: 2402: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2359: 2357: 2350:Monastic Matrix 2344: 2343: 2332: 2325: 2321: 2306: 2286:Wallace, Martin 2284: 2283: 2279: 2262: 2253: 2240: 2239: 2226: 2221:. pp. 1–4. 2210: 2209: 2194: 2172: 2168: 2149: 2140: 2138: 2119: 2099: 2095: 2077: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2031: 2027: 1996: 1992: 1972: 1968: 1948: 1944: 1936:Wright, Brian. 1935: 1928: 1921: 1900: 1899: 1895: 1879: 1850: 1832: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1790: 1789: 1776: 1755: 1751: 1741: 1739: 1731: 1730: 1723: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1676: 1675: 1671: 1663:Farmer, David. 1662: 1641: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1611:romantic comedy 1601: 1561:Glastonbury Tor 1542: 1510: 1468: 1448: 1428: 1382: 1334:St Brides Major 1310: 1289: 1284: 1271:Quercus petraea 1251:Lilium candidum 1211: 1040: 973: 967: 954:Gerald of Wales 904: 816:Dáithí Ó hÓgáin 792:A 16th-century 786: 774:Catholic Church 749: 697:Gerald of Wales 693:Book of Kildare 615: 546:(just north of 537: 525: 475: 460: 446: 430: 418:Dáithí Ó hÓgáin 394: 340:and pronounced 304: 249:Irish mythology 213:patroness saint 208: 190:Classical Irish 131: 127: 125:Catholic Church 108: 105: 91: 88: 70: 50: 47: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5781: 5779: 5771: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5685: 5684: 5680: 5679: 5667: 5655: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5616: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5596: 5594:Virtuous pagan 5591: 5586: 5585: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5543: 5541: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5377: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5365: 5360: 5358:Zechariah (NT) 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5219: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4791: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4721: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4692:Junípero Serra 4689: 4684: 4679: 4677:Francis Xavier 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4653: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4619:Uganda Martyrs 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4589:Titus Brandsma 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4564:Pietro Parenzo 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4434:Korean Martyrs 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4359:Boris and Gleb 4356: 4350: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4201:Desert Mothers 4198: 4196:Desert Fathers 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4117: 4115: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4082: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4008:Peter Canisius 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3953:Thomas Aquinas 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3884: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3840:Mary Magdalene 3837: 3832: 3826: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3767:Louis Bertrand 3764: 3759: 3754: 3752:Francis Borgia 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3713: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3701: 3696: 3687: 3681: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3598: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3586: 3581: 3579:Titles of Mary 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3550: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3526:Servant of God 3515: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3504: 3503: 3496: 3489: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3470:Condren,Mary. 3468: 3459: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3418: 3400: 3373:(3): 819–820. 3346: 3331: 3311: 3296: 3276: 3261: 3241: 3215: 3203: 3184: 3158: 3147: 3129: 3114: 3099: 3084: 3064: 3043: 3016: 2991: 2973: 2948: 2906: 2886: 2866: 2847: 2821: 2801: 2786: 2766: 2736: 2711: 2695:"The Calendar" 2686: 2669: 2655: 2640: 2617: 2603: 2585: 2559: 2546: 2524: 2494: 2466: 2451: 2431: 2422: 2400: 2382: 2367: 2330: 2319: 2304: 2277: 2251: 2242:"Bethu Brigte" 2224: 2192: 2166: 2163:. Vol. 2. 2117: 2093: 2071: 2046: 2025: 1990: 1973:David Howlett, 1966: 1942: 1926: 1919: 1893: 1848: 1826: 1801: 1792:Hutton, Ronald 1774: 1756:Woods, R. J., 1749: 1721: 1707: 1689: 1669: 1639: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1600: 1597: 1541: 1538: 1530:Maman Brigitte 1528:the death loa 1522:Mary Magdalene 1509: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1494: 1484: 1467: 1464: 1447: 1444: 1436:City of London 1427: 1424: 1381: 1378: 1370:Llansantffraed 1362:Llansantffraid 1309: 1306: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1210: 1207: 1107:Lisbon Airport 1097:, that is the 1075:Down Cathedral 1071:John de Courcy 1039: 1036: 991:(1 November). 969:Main article: 966: 963: 958:perpetual fire 903: 900: 899: 898: 891: 887: 883: 870: 867: 852: 851: 843: 832: 785: 782: 748: 745: 722:Book of Armagh 614: 613:Religious life 611: 554:, part of the 536: 533: 445: 442: 429: 426: 414:mother goddess 393: 390: 360:she is called 303: 300: 269:perpetual fire 169: 168: 165: 159: 158: 155:Brigid's cross 152: 146: 145: 142: 136: 135: 122: 118: 117: 100: 96: 95: 93:Gaelic Ireland 83: 79: 78: 72: 71: 60: 52: 51: 48: 42: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5780: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5678: 5668: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5654: 5644: 5640: 5627: 5617: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5604: 5601: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5538: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5481:Maria Goretti 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5386:Agnes of Rome 5384: 5382: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5370: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 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4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4646: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4599:Thomas Becket 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4424:Irish Martyrs 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4108: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4053:John of Ávila 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3978:Leo the Great 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 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