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youth, he worked closely with the architect John
Horbury Hunt to jointly design a cathedral that was unlike any other Gothic structure in Australia at the time and a distinct departure from the form and character of traditional church architecture for the period. Bishop Turner was also responsible for custom-designing much of the furnishings for the cathedral which were built to his specifications in England before being transported to Australia.
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Jointly designed by John
Horbury Hunt and Bishop Turner, the architecture of the cathedral was a distinct departure from the traditional form and character of church architecture for the period and the outcome was a building that was "unlike no other (sic) Gothic building that existed in Australia in
774:
The collaboration between Hunt and Turner was an intellectual and professional relationship that was to become a long lasting and fruitful partnership. In Turner, Hunt found his ideal client and patron who would encourage his artistic freedom and creative expression. Following the construction of the
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Hunt's original concept and alternative design, both stone and in the Anglo-French style, were largely in keeping with traditional church architecture of the period. Bishop Turner rejected both of these designs. With his limited experience but keen interest, Turner worked closely with Hunt to jointly
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The
Anglican Cathedral Church of St Peter Apostle and Martyr Precinct is of state heritage significance as the first cathedral constructed in the regional colonial outpost of Armidale to serve the religious needs of the expanding settlement and population. The cathedral would also become the centre
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Hunt was a prominent early exponent of the Arts and Crafts architectural style in
Australia and had an existing interest in the decorative potential of using expressed but unadorned materials and Turner encouraged this departure from the traditional form of church buildings. Brick was selected and,
767:
While not a large building, this cathedral is the first significant brick church construction of John
Horbury Hunt and is regarded as being one of his finest works. Hunt was a prominent early exponent of the Arts and Crafts architectural style in Australia and his use of expressed common brick, by
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Finally, the belltower was constructed in 1938 when local builder G. F. Nott offered to supply the bricks free of charge. Although the "Armidale Blue" brick had long since been exhausted, a similar brick was used to match the existing cathedral. At this time, Hunt's original 1872 timber bell tower
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Although Hunt's final design for the site incorporated a baptistry, chapel, extension of the sanctuary and central roof lantern dome, most plans remained unfulfilled due to the constrained financial position of the diocese. However, to Hunt's original designs, the deanery was completed in 1892 and
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Soon after arriving, it became apparent that St Peter's Church (although it had previously been extended) was unfit to accommodate the needs of the growing congregation. Being well informed on church architecture, having trained for four years at an architecture office in
England before turning to
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Religion and the establishment of places of worship have played an important role in the colonial expansion and settlement of New South Wales. As the boundaries of the colony expanded and settlers pushed into previously unestablished areas, the government ensured religion followed to cater for the
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The
Anglican Cathedral Church of St Peter Apostle and Martyr precinct is of state heritage significance as a representative example of a cathedral and public building designed by the prominent architect, John Horbury Hunt. A fine and unique example, the cathedral was a distinct departure from the
751:
The
Anglican Cathedral Church of St Peter Apostle and Martyr Precinct is of state heritage significance as the first cathedral for the regional colonial outpost of Armidale. On the site of the very first Anglican church for the region (1850), the cathedral was constructed in 1871-75 to serve the
728:
While not a large building, the cathedral was the first significant brick church construction of John
Horbury Hunt and is regarded as being one of his finest works. The design deliberately complicated rather than simplified the space and detailing and by celebrating the structural and decorative
724:
Built and opened for worship in 1875, the cathedral was a collaborative design by the prominent architect John
Horbury Hunt and Bishop James Francis Turner. The cathedral design used expressed and unadorned brick (a common and under appreciated material at the time) to create layers of patterned
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and timber from the district. A landmark building in the Armidale township, the newly opened cathedral attracted a congregation of several hundred. Much of the fit-out and furnishing of the cathedral was designed by Bishop Turner and built to his specifications in England before being shipped to
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After quickly determining that extending the existing church was unrealistic, Hunt faced the specific challenge of designing a cathedral that was suited to its setting and to the needs of the congregation as opposed to the more traditional church architecture modelled on the existing churches of
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Hunt's use of expressed and unadorned common brick, by choice rather than economic necessity, was unique at the time and the final construction celebrates the structural and decorative nature of brickwork by the skilful incorporation of intricate, elaborate and imaginative layering of patterned
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Bishop Turner was the second bishop appointed for the Anglican Diocese of Grafton and Armidale but was the first bishop to have a significant influence on the operation of the Armidale parish. Turner was well informed about church architecture and, having had his own architectural training as a
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The Hunter pipe organ underwent major repair works in 1978 due to water damage from overflowing roof drainage. It then underwent major restorations in 1996, with the pipe work thoroughly overhauled, cleaned and repaired, missing pipes replaced, an improvement in the tonal condition, soundboards
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region, European settlement came as early as 1832 as pastoralists searched beyond the colonial boundaries for new land on which to run their stock. At this time, the early settlers of the district were in fact illegal squatters who only gained colonial approval to work the land in 1836 with the
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Although the Anglican Cathedral Church of St Peter Apostle and Martyr precinct may not be a rare example of its type in NSW, the cathedral is a unique building due to the intricate and imaginative use of expressed unadorned brick to create a building of layered patterned courses with a flying
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although generally considered a common material used due to economic necessity rather than choice, Hunt devised a concept that skilfully incorporated intricate, elaborate and imaginative layering of patterned courses with a flying buttress, arching, toothing and moulded brickwork.
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choice rather than economic necessity, was unique for the time. The intricate and elaborate detail of the cathedral design, and his celebration of the structural and decorative nature of brickwork, has become a defining characteristic of Hunt's architectural career.
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This regional cathedral precinct is also significant as it demonstrates the religious requirements of the district and holds important and ongoing social significance for the community and Anglican congregation of Armidale and the wider Northern Tablelands district.
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This delicate but complex small-scale cathedral was completed in 1875 and demonstrates Hunt's architectural style in its imaginative design and complicated but skilfully used pointing, layered courses, patterned decorations and arches and toothed lancet windows.
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theology, Turner recognised that an architect was required to address the pressing issues. Turner soon engaged John Horbury Hunt, a young (32 years) but reputable architect who, having arrived in Australia in 1863, has previously worked as assistant architect to
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The central position of the cathedral in the Armidale township, in conjunction with the adjacent Catholic Cathedral of St Mary and St Joseph and St Pauls Presbyterian Church, forms a landmark religious precinct that has significance and value to the community.
822:
Sited on a previously undeveloped portion of land, there is potential for further investigation of the cathedral precinct site to reveal evidence of Aboriginal occupation of the Armidale region prior to the arrival of European settlers in the 1830s.
725:
courses with a single flying buttress, arching, toothing and moulded brickwork. The final achievement was an intricate, elaborate and imaginative building that was distinctly different from the traditional church form and character of the period.
529:, on his first and only visit to Armidale. Regarded as a suitable regional centre for religious and educational services, Broughton also announced during the visit the construction of St Peter's Anglican Church, the first church for the region.
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religious needs of the growing community and to serve as the centre for the Diocese of Armidale and Grafton. The diocese had formed in 1863 and was one of the first to be established outside of the colonial settlements of Sydney and Newcastle.
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The cathedral is complemented by the 1892 deanery building, also designed by John Horbury Hunt using the same Armidale Blue brick material and architectural design features. This is one of the few Hunt-designed church residences in NSW.
601:
Although a small-scale cathedral, Hunt's design for the Anglican cathedral deliberately complicated rather than simplified the space and detailing. Again, the outcome was in direct contrast to the traditional architecture of the period.
682:
style, distinctly different from his more common Anglo-French designs, the cathedral was a collaborative and successful early experiment in the use of expressed common brick rather than the more traditional stone material.
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From the outset, the cathedral was going to be a challenge to construct. Local contractors were engaged and, following Hunt's meticulously detailed directions, the cathedral was completed in 1875 and opened for worship.
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The Anglican Cathedral Church of St Peter Apostle and Martyr Precinct is of state heritage significance for its social value to the community and congregation of Armidale and the wider Northern Tablelands district.
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Although the cathedral was open for worship from 1875, allegedly "Bishop Turner would not allow it to be consecrated until 1886, when a 'worthy' pulpit and 'complete' flooring had been installed".
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When the cathedral was finished in 1938 with the construction of the square tower built to Hun'ts design, the Armidale Blue brick had been exhausted by this time and a similar material was used.
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Hunt was also responsible for the design of the deanery building within the precinct which was completed in 1892 and used the same materials and architectural design features as the cathedral.
74:
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721:(created in 1863, this was one of the first dioceses to be established outside of Sydney or Newcastle). Today, the cathedral continues to be the centre of the Anglican Diocese of Armidale.
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Religion soon followed the pastoralists into the newly declared township of Armidale (established in the late 1840s) with the first formal Christian service being held in 1845 by Bishop
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The cathedral is complemented by the 1892 deanery building, also designed by Hunt using the same materials and designs. This is one of the few Hunt-designed church residences in NSW.
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traditional form and character of church architecture of the period and was a catalyst for later architectural use of common materials (particularly brick) in more decorative forms.
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618:
Australia and, as the railway to Armidale had not yet been developed, it is likely the furniture was received in Sydney or Newcastle before being transported over land to Armidale.
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The Anglican Cathedral Church of St Peter Apostle and Martyr Precinctis of state heritage significance for its association with Bishop James Francis Turner and John Horbury Hunt.
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In addition to the deanery, the historic Anglican cathedral precinct also includes the St Peters Church Hall, Diocesan Registry, bookshop and surrounding landscaping and fencing.
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From its settlement in the 1830s, Armidale was regarded in the colony as a suitable centre for the provision of religious services to the expanding and wide-reaching population.
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The cathedral and deanery building are centrally sited on a large corner block facing Central Park and two other streets. Broadly the grounds are grassed with mature trees.
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Located on the site of the existing cathedral, the small timber church was opened for worship by 1850. As the population of the Northern Tablelands district expanded, the
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A broad and low proportioned building, the cathedral is finished with custom-made furnishings and ornaments designed by Bishop Turner, built and shipped from England.
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and Bishop James Francis Turner and built from 1871 to 1938. It is also known as the Anglican Cathedral Church of St Peter Apostle and Martyr. It was added to the
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The Anglican Cathedral Church of St Peter Apostle and Martyr may not be the largest cathedral but it is one of John Horbury Hunt's finest works. Built in the
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The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
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2019:
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Hunt designed four different versions of the deanery building and the last, and most modest design, was constructed on the site of the original parsonage.
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The cathedral is complemented by the 1892 deanery building, designed by Hunt and constructed in the same Armidale Blue brick. With its arched windows and
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1979:
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The place has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
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2004:
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1704:
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nature of brickwork, Hunt and Turner created a building that was "unlike no other (sic) Gothic building that existed in Australia in the 1870s".
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2571:
2282:
2199:
2074:
1779:
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1589:
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The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
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The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
1289:
St Peter's Anglican Cathedral, Armidale Pipe Organ Restoration Stages I & II - part of NSW Heritage Assistance Program 1994/95 and 1995/96
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2179:
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1999:
1969:
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1604:
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575:
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The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
670:), with bright cinnamon red smooth bark: two near the main front door on the cathedral's west; one on the northern side nearer the rectory.
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1974:
1959:
1905:
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roof (once slate but now tile), the two-storey deanery building uses the same materials and architectural design points as the cathedral.
394:
Anglican Cathedral Church of St Peter Apostle and Martyr Precinct; St Peter's Anglican Cathedral; St Peter; Apostle & Martyr Cathedral
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2104:
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1943:
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was appointed as bishop and arrived in the parish in 1869. Bishop Turner was to maintain this post, leading the diocese, for 23 years.
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2014:
1938:
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1510:
1504:
1484:
579:
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1932:
1818:
1629:
1494:
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The Anglican Cathedral Church of St Peter Apostle and Martyr Precinct is of state heritage significance for its aesthetic value.
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1910:
1824:
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passing of legislation recognizing the pastoralist's rights to graze (but not own) the land (for an annual fee of ten pounds).
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1801:
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Set on a generously landscaped corner site, the cathedral was built of locally sourced "Armidale Blue" brick from Saumarez,
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2009:
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The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
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1569:
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463:
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148:
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1679:
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The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
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repaired, keyboards reconditioned, and casework repaired and repolished. It received a full service in 2008.
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1984:
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design a cathedral that was "unlike no other (sic) Gothic building that existed in Australia in the 1870s".
240:
1878:
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While not a large building, this cathedral is regarded as being one of John Horbury Hunt's finest works.
1989:
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Early and High Victorian: The Gothic Revival architecture of Edmund Thomas Blacket and John Horbury Hunt
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The cathedral precinct was reported to be in very good condition upon an inspection on 18 April 2013.
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17:
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The Armidale Album: Glimpses of Armidale's History and Development in Word, Sketch and Photograph
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the vestry and chapter house in 1910 - both in the same "Armidale Blue" brick as the cathedral.
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published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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cathedral, John Horbury Hunt went on to design a number of Armidale's most noted buildings.
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Anglican Cathedral Church of St Peter Apostle and Martyr Precinct was listed on the
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58:
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This potential for investigation would be relevant across the Armidale district.
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courses with a single flying buttress, arching, toothing and moulded brickwork.
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1075:
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Three rare and choice trees in the grounds are Mediterranean strawberry trees (
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494:
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281:
203:
1339:
1386:
A list of all the Anglican dioceses, churches and cathedrals in Australia
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479:
172:
1070:
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was demolished and the existing bell ('Maud') rehung in the new tower.
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1332:
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in England) was installed. It replaced an earlier organ installed by
537:
1047:"Anglican Cathedral Church of St Peter Apostle and Martyr Precinct"
699:
547:
Following the sudden passing of the first bishop for the diocese,
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of the Anglican Bishop of Armidale. The cathedral was designed by
1308:
Anglican Cathedral Church of St Peter Apostle and Martyr Precinct
183:
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with heritage-listed building and grounds at 122 Rusden Street,
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2220:
1876:
1750:
1395:
1348:
2625:
Churches listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register
624:
In 1896, the Hunter Pipe Organ (constructed in 1895 by Messrs
1116:"The Organs and Organists of St Peter's Cathedral, Armidale"
743:
on 12 March 2014 having satisfied the following criteria.
81:
43:
Anglican Cathedral Church of St Peter Apostle and Martyr
1306:
This Knowledge (XXG) article contains material from
1235:
Armidale: A cathedral city of education and the arts
2640:
19th-century Anglican church buildings in Australia
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2508:
2467:
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2377:
2349:
2291:
2263:
2235:
1952:
1924:
1891:
1838:
1810:
1765:
1527:
1465:
1410:
1278:Reynolds, Peter; Muir, Lesley; Hughes, Joy (2002).
1271:
On this rock: A tour of the cathedral and precincts
835:buttress, arching, toothing and moulded brickwork.
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224:
209:
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178:
166:
158:
139:
34:
514:spiritual education and morality of the settlers.
1091:
1089:
1087:
2675:Gothic Revival architecture in New South Wales
1280:John Horbury Hunt: Radical Architect 1838-1904
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
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1029:
1027:
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959:
2035:Shepherd Memorial Church of St Peter, Proston
1360:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
562:, the Anglican diocesan architect and former
497:and Central Park and diagonally opposite the
8:
2670:Gothic Revival church buildings in Australia
578:and cathedrals in the adjoining dioceses of
1253:The Encyclopedia of Australian Architecture
1251:Goad, Phillip; Willis, Julie, eds. (2012).
2505:
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2446:
2435:
2346:
2331:
2232:
2217:
1888:
1873:
1762:
1747:
1407:
1392:
1367:
1353:
1345:
1269:Newall, Jean OAM; Dawson, Shirley (2008).
1153:"JONES, Matthew Kenneth (Ken) (1895-1972)"
536:and Armidale (one of the first outside of
31:
1057:Department of Planning & Environment
924:List of Anglican cathedrals in Australia
49:St Peter, Apostle & Martyr Cathedral
1312:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1186:Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1973-74
1174:Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1973-74
1140:Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1973-74
1052:New South Wales State Heritage Register
935:
741:New South Wales State Heritage Register
566:to New South Wales. Hunt also designed
488:New South Wales State Heritage Register
63:St Peter's Cathedral, pictured in 2008
429:
421:
413:
405:
397:
389:
380:
7:
1615:St John the Evangelist, Darlinghurst
1340:Anglican Diocese of Armidale Website
29:Church in New South Wales, Australia
2392:Murray Bridge (St John the Baptist)
2165:St Michael and All Angels, Kingaroy
1120:Organ Historical Trust of Australia
1851:Holy Trinity Church, Bacchus Marsh
1224:Armidale Dumaresq Council (2012).
503:Cathedral of St Mary and St Joseph
493:St Peter's is located between the
25:
18:St Peter's Cathedral Armidale
1625:St John the Evangelist, Wentworth
1620:St John the Evangelist, Newcastle
384:New South Wales Heritage Register
2660:1871 establishments in Australia
2635:Anglican cathedrals in Australia
1301:
1069:
906:
892:
870:1970-1977 Peter Frederick Newall
867:1960-1969 Evan William Wetherall
717:for the Diocese of Armidale and
80:
73:
57:
2413:St Matthew's Church, Kensington
2299:All Saints Church, Henley Brook
864:1949–1960 Matthew Kenneth Jones
279:
198:
2304:Holy Trinity Church, Roebourne
2000:Holy Trinity, Fortitude Valley
1660:St Mary's the Virgin, Maitland
1201:. Anglican Diocese of Armidale
1199:"Chris Brennan to be new Dean"
88:St Peter's Cathedral, Armidale
35:St Peter's Cathedral, Armidale
1:
2645:Cathedrals in New South Wales
2418:Christ Church, North Adelaide
2408:Holy Trinity Church, Adelaide
2224:Province of Western Australia
2195:St Saviour's, South Johnstone
2100:St John the Baptist, Richmond
1610:St John the Baptist, Ashfield
873:1978-1988 James Evans HOLBECK
46:St Peter's Anglican Cathedral
2665:Anglican Diocese of Armidale
2095:St John the Baptist, Bulimba
1377:Anglican Church of Australia
1321:, accessed on 28 May 2018.
1310:, entry number 01924 in the
859:St George's Cathedral, Perth
476:Anglican Diocese of Armidale
2650:John Horbury Hunt buildings
2338:Province of South Australia
2314:St Mary's Church, Busselton
2110:St John's, South Townsville
2050:St Andrew's, South Brisbane
2030:Old St Mark's, Slacks Creek
2020:Holy Trinity, Woolloongabba
2015:Holy Trinity, Saibai Island
1540:All Saints Church, Canberra
1399:Province of New South Wales
1287:Scimus Consultants (1996).
879:2015–present: Chris Brennan
544:) was established in 1863.
534:Anglican Diocese of Grafton
2691:
2655:Churches completed in 1938
1980:Christ Church, St Lawrence
1965:All Saints, Darnley Island
1570:Christ Church, St Laurence
876:2002–2014 Stephen Williams
2599:
2504:
2493:
2445:
2434:
2345:
2330:
2231:
2216:
2150:St Mary's, Kangaroo Point
1887:
1872:
1761:
1746:
1675:St Michael's, Surry Hills
1630:St John the Baptist, Reid
1565:Christ Church, Springwood
1560:Christ Church, Rouse Hill
1505:Newcastle (Christ Church)
1406:
1391:
1384:
680:Victorian Academic Gothic
576:University of New England
464:Armidale Regional Council
442:
438:
377:
308:Victorian Academic Gothic
149:Armidale Regional Council
105:
68:
56:
39:
2309:St John's Church, Albany
2175:St Paul's, East Brisbane
2055:St Andrew's, Toogoolawah
2025:Old Bishopsbourne Chapel
1856:St Peter's, Eastern Hill
1730:St Thomas', North Sydney
1655:St Mark's, Darling Point
1590:Holy Innocents, Rossmore
1242:Gilbert, Lionel (1982).
2155:St Mary's, Mount Morgan
2125:St Luke's, Boyne Island
2065:St Augustine's, Leyburn
2005:Holy Trinity, Herberton
1995:Christ Church, Tingalpa
1985:Christ Church, Childers
1518:Wollongong (St Michael)
1495:Grafton (Christ Church)
1176:, 85th Edition, p 1021.
1095:Newall & Dawson, p1
470:, Australia. It is the
241:Saint Peter the Apostle
2283:Geraldton (Holy Cross)
2185:St Paul's, Maryborough
2135:St Mark's, Rockhampton
2120:St John's, Rockhampton
2085:St George's, Beenleigh
1880:Province of Queensland
1846:Christ Church, Geelong
1710:St Philip's, Kingswood
1695:St Paul's, Castle Hill
1640:St John's, Wilberforce
1550:St Andrew's, Roseville
1545:All Souls', Leichhardt
1535:All Saints', Petersham
1188:, 85th Edition, p 693.
900:New South Wales portal
857:(subsequently Dean of
402:State heritage (built)
2278:Bunbury (St Boniface)
2190:St Paul's, Proserpine
2160:St Matthew's, Drayton
2045:St Andrew's, Ormiston
1990:Christ Church, Milton
1970:All Saints, Tamrookum
1944:Rockhampton (St Paul)
1939:Townsville (St James)
1720:St Stephen's, Newtown
1700:St Peter's, St Peters
1670:St Matthew's, Windsor
1555:St Barnabas, Broadway
1485:Bathurst (All Saints)
1442:Canberra and Goulburn
1233:Barker, Tony (1980).
1142:, 85th Edition, p 70.
668:Arbutus andrachnoides
499:Roman Catholic Church
2255:North West Australia
2170:St Paul's, Cleveland
2130:St Luke's, Toowoomba
2115:St John's, Mundoolun
2060:St Anne's, Jondaryan
2010:Holy Trinity, Mackay
1975:All Saints, Yandilla
1960:All Saints, Brisbane
1754:Province of Victoria
1705:St Peter's, Richmond
1650:St Luke's, Liverpool
1580:St Clement's, Mosman
1575:Church by the Bridge
1511:Parramatta (St John)
1500:Griffith (St Albans)
1490:Goulburn (St Savior)
1104:SHR Nomination, 2012
590:England and Europe.
552:James Francis Turner
449:St Peter's Cathedral
295:James Francis Turner
262:James Francis Turner
229:James Francis Turner
124:30.5151°S 151.6657°E
2604:Christianity portal
2386:Adelaide (St Peter)
2200:St Thomas', Toowong
2090:St James, Toowoomba
2075:St David's, Mossman
1819:Melbourne (St Paul)
1715:St Philip's, Sydney
1665:St Mary's, Waverley
1645:St Jude's, Randwick
1595:Holy Trinity, Kelso
1480:Armidale (St Peter)
1260:Kerr, Joan (1980).
914:Christianity portal
626:A. Hunter & Son
519:Northern Tablelands
490:on 12 March 2014.
335:Armidale blue brick
143:122 Rusden Street,
120: /
2579:(now Presbyterian)
2180:St Paul's, Ipswich
2145:St Mark's, Warwick
2140:St Mark's, Dunwich
2070:St David's, Allora
1933:Brisbane (St John)
1916:Northern Territory
1725:St Thomas', Mulgoa
1690:St Paul's, Burwood
1685:Naremburn Cammeray
1605:St James', Morpeth
1474:Sydney (St Andrew)
632:and Sons in 1878.
564:colonial architect
415:Reference no.
304:Architectural type
129:-30.5151; 151.6657
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1635:St John's, Camden
1600:St James', Sydney
848:Deans of Armidale
527:William Broughton
484:John Horbury Hunt
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290:John Horbury Hunt
273:Functional status
16:(Redirected from
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2567:Seven Hills
2552:Carlingford
2516:Carpentaria
1911:Rockhampton
1297:Attribution
651:Description
611:New England
517:As for the
314:Years built
248:Consecrated
127: /
115:151°39′57″E
2619:Categories
2557:Deniliquin
2521:Kalgoorlie
2468:Cathedrals
2378:Cathedrals
2364:The Murray
2264:Cathedrals
1925:Cathedrals
1811:Cathedrals
1802:Wangaratta
1466:Cathedrals
930:References
853:1946-1948
478:. and the
407:Designated
236:Dedication
225:Founder(s)
112:30°30′54″S
2526:St Arnaud
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1452:Newcastle
1316:CC-BY 4.0
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855:John Bell
674:Cathedral
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328:Materials
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