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279:, had no name. In 1874 the Universal Postal Union exempted the United Kingdom from its rule which stated that a country's name had to appear on their postage stamps, so a profile of the reigning monarch was all that was required for identification of the UK's stamps. To this day the UK remains the only country not required to name itself on its stamps. For all other UPU members, the name must appear in
367:), postal rate changes, exhaustion of existing stamp stocks, and popular demand. Since postal administrations are either a branch of government or an official monopoly under governmental supervision, the government has ultimate control over the choice of designs. This means that the designs tend to depict a country as the government would like it to be perceived, rather than as it really is. The
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subjects from a country with no space program, polar animals from a country on the equator, Western rock stars from a conservative Muslim country, and so forth. International organizations of philatelists discourage the practice, not wanting collectors to be discouraged by floods of stamps which will never have any rarity value. See
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Stamp design has undergone a gradual process of evolution, traceable both to advances in printing technology and general changes in taste. Design "fads" may also be observed, where a number of countries tend to imitate each other. This may be driven by printing houses, many of which design and print
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In addition to text woven into the description, stamps may also have inscriptions in the outside margin. These are almost always at the bottom, and are usually the name of the printer and/or designer. Occasionally a textual description of the design is found in the margin, while in recent years, the
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In some cases, overt political pressure has resulted in a backlash; a famous example is that of the US in the late 1940s, when the US Congress had direct authority over stamp design, and a large number of issues were put out merely to please a representative's constituency or industry lobbyists. The
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In addition, the artist must consider the consequence of working on a small "canvas"; for instance, traditional paintings often reduce into an amorphous blur, and so the stamp designer will opt to pick a single interesting and/or characteristic detail as the center of the design. Similarly, a stamp
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Many countries have specific rules governing the choice of designs or design elements. Stamps of the UK must depict the sovereign (typically as a silhouette), while stamps of the US may not visibly depict any person who has been dead for less than 10 years, except for ex-Presidents, who may appear
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Canada also uses a non-numerical denomination, the mark "P" printed over a maple leaf, on its domestic postage rate stamps. The letter "P" stands for "Permanent" which indicates that the stamp is always accepted regardless of the current domestic postal rate. Anytime the domestic rate changes, the
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Another category of failure includes designs that are simply rejected by the stamp-buying public. The 1981 anti-alcoholism stamp of the US is a well-known example; it consists merely of the slogan "Alcoholism: You Can Beat It!", which must have looked good during the design process, but affixed to
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are small design alterations added to distinguish printings unambiguously. These usually take the form of small lines or marks added to clear areas of a design. Chinese stamps of the 1940s have secret marks in the form of slightly altered characters, where two arms might be changed to touch, when
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While modern tastes tend to favor simpler designs, some countries have also put out "retro" designs, using modern techniques to mimic the more elaborate designs of the past, perhaps even with anachronistic elements. A 2004 example is the Lewis and Clark stamps of the US, whose frames are classic
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Some countries, usually poorer ones, produce many special issues intended purely for collectors from other countries. These stamps are designed for visual appeal, with attractive brightly coloured designs on interesting topics, often large and of unusual shape. Themes have included space-related
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A stamp design includes several elements required for it to accomplish its purpose satisfactorily. Most important is the denomination indicating its monetary value, while international agreements require a country name on almost all types of stamps. A graphic design is very nearly universal; in
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On the other side, design errors regularly get through the multiple stages of review and checking. Errors have ranged from minute points of rendition (such as the subtly reversed ears on an
Austrian stamp of the 1930s), to misrepresentations of disputed territory in maps, to mistaken text ("Sir
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Designs may also be modified as a result of other considerations; for instance, the design of a US stamp honoring
Jackson Pollock was based on a photograph showing him smoking a cigarette, but not desiring to be promoting, the cigarette was removed from the design. In general, stamps are not
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By far the greatest variety of stamp design seen today is in pictorial issues. The choice of image is nearly unlimited, ranging from plants and animals, to figures from history, to landscapes, to original artwork. Images may represent real-world objects, or be allegories or abstract designs.
216:, in which the timing and politics of the rate-setting process is such that the stamps must be printed before the rate is known. In such cases, the preprinted stamps simply state "A", "B", etc., with the equivalent rate being announced just before they go on sale.
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consisting of simply a portrait will mean little to many users, and the artist may opt to include a visual element suggesting the person's accomplishments, such as an architect's most famous building, or simply add the word "architect" somewhere in the design.
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issued thousands of stamps extolling the successes of communism, even as it was falling apart, while in the US the only contemporary stamp hinting at the unrest of the 1960s is an issue exhorting
Americans to support their local police.
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The usual size ranges from 10 to 30 mm in each direction, experience having shown this to be the easiest to handle. Many countries use only a limited selection of dimensions, to simplify automated machinery that handles stamps.
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Usage pattern has varied considerably; for 60 years, from 1840 to 1900, all
British stamps used exactly the same portrait bust of Victoria, enclosed in a dizzying variety of frames, while Spain periodically updated the image of
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From time to time postal administrations also try experiments. For instance, the US tried issuing very small stamps during the 1970s, as a cost savings measure. They were extremely unpopular, and the experiment was abandoned.
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Sometimes designers include tiny elements into a design, sometimes at the request of the stamp-issuing authority, sometimes on their own. Stamps may have a year or name worked into a design, while the US stamp honoring Rabbi
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originally used "The
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan", and now just "Jordan". Some countries have multiple allowed forms, from which the designer may choose the most suitable. The name may appear in an adjectival form, as in
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The fundamental purpose of a stamp is to indicate the prepayment of postage. Since different kinds and sizes of mail normally pay different amounts of postage, the stamps need to carry a value. In a very few cases, the
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Nearly all stamps have some amount of text embedded in their design. In addition to the expected denomination and country name, textual elements may include a statement of purpose ("postage", "official mail", etc.), a
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from time to time, perhaps to celebrate some special event, with designs relating to the event. While they are legitimate postage stamps, and often used for routine post, they are intended to appeal particularly to
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For instance, although multi-color printing was always possible, and may be seen on the earliest stamps of
Switzerland, the process was slow and expensive, and most stamps were in one or two colors until the 1960s.
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as he grew from child to adult. Norway has issued stamps with the same posthorn motif for over a century, changing only the details from time to time as printing technology improves, while the US has placed the
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are usually denominated with two values, with a "+" between, the first indicating the actual rate, and the second the additional amount to be given to a charity. In a very few cases a country has had a
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has been omitted; for instance, during the tumults of 1949 China, undenominated stamps were issued, so as to allow the price of a stamp to fluctuate on a daily basis depending on the value of the
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In working up a design, the artist must take into account the rules and constraints as mentioned above, and perhaps additional requirements, such as membership in a series of related designs.
412:, often containing more stamps than are required for postage, are an additional source of revenue. This source of money is not inexhaustible, as excessive stamp issues go unpurchased.
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The artist then submits one or more designs for the postal administration's approval. The accepted design may undergo several rounds of modification before entering the
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In the end, successful stamp designs receive relatively little notice from the general public, but considerable praise from the philatelic press. Publications such as
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499:, this being an efficient way to pack stamps on a sheet. A rectangle wider than tall is called a "horizontal design", while taller than wide is a "vertical design".
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The usual form of the denomination is a number, optionally preceded or followed by a currency symbol. Many early stamps wrote the denomination out in words, but the
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The name chosen is typically the country's own name for itself, with a modern trend towards using simpler and shorter forms, or abbreviations. For instance, the
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lower left margin has become a common place to include the year of issue. Philatelists count changes in these marginal inscriptions as distinct types of stamps.
204:, for the benefit of clerks in foreign countries. A number of recent stamps have substituted a textual description of the rate being charged, such as "1st" for
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The second required element, at least for stamps intended to be used on international mail, is the name of the country. The first postage stamps, those of the
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the corner of an envelope it suggests that the recipient is an alcoholic in need of public encouragement, and few people ever used this stamp on their mail.
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The biggest stamps in history were used in the United States from 1865 and measured 52 by 95 millimeters, but were used exclusively for mailing newspapers.
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While numeral designs are eminently practical, in that they emphasize the most important element of the stamp, they are the exception rather than the rule.
408:. Stamps that are collected without being used are paid for, but the purchaser chooses not to use the postal service purchased, leaving 100% clear profit.
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that reviews and chooses from hundreds of proposals received each year. Occasionally the public is polled for its choice of design, as with the US
283:. Many countries using non-Latin alphabets used only those on their early stamps, and they remain difficult for most collectors to identify today.
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Occasionally designs use text as their primary design element; for instance, a series of US stamps from the 1970s featured quotations from the
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permanent value stamps already in circulation continue to be accepted and the new rate applies to the purchase of new permanent value stamps.
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harder to produce and aiding clerks in quick recognition of appropriate postage, postal customers simply expect stamps to carry a design.
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The use of portrait busts (of the ruler or other significant person) or emblems was typical of the first stamps, by extension from
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Once a general subject has been chosen, the postal administration typically contracts an outside artist to produce a design.
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is a typical example of modern stamp design: minimal text, intense color, artistic rendering of a country-specific subject.
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19th-century, surrounding full-color portraits of a quality not available until the latter half of the 20th century.
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will headline the most interesting new stamps on their front page, and report the results of popularity polls.
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is an early example; more recently, stamps of Israel include its name in Hebrew, Latin, and Arabic characters.
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The choice of pictorial designs is governed by a combination of anniversaries, required annual issues (such as
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The graphic element of a stamp design falls into one of four major categories:
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into a wide variety of settings since first using it on a stamp in the 1950s.
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in 1840; some designs have been considered very successful, others less so.
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Codrington" on 1920s Greece), to the truly spectacular, such as the US "
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design of 1900s France and her colonies continued in use into the 1920s.
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A prominent denomination on a 1949 stamp of the
Republic of China.
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A 1924 French Colony stamp with no less than four country names:
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in 1856, and was a square, with sides measuring 10 millimeters.
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resulting uproar resulted in the formation of an independent
212:. Another form of nonnumerical denomination is that used for
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of 1993, or some issues of the
Celebrate the Century series.
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Emblem - coat of arms, flag, national symbol, posthorn, etc.
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photographic reproductions of the subjects they depict.
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A number of additional shapes have been used, including
491:. At 184 mm, it is claimed to be the world longest stamp
231:, and the stamps may depict a value in both currencies.
208:, or "presorted ZIP+4" to indicate a particular type of
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on a stamp one year after their demise. The choice of
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later required that stamps on international mail use
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Williams, Louis N., & Williams, Maurice (1990).
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Numeric - a design built around the numeral of value
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619:" sheet using the picture of the wrong person. See
529:The smallest postage stamp on record was issued by
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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750:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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438:United States Declaration of Independence
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
2298:Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)
495:The usual shape of a postage stamp is a
663:
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392:may be specified, acting as a sort of
2303:Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)
7:
698:"Smithsonian National Postal Museum"
311:Portrait bust - profile or full-face
55:adding citations to reliable sources
348:A 2½-cent numeral design from 1915
2247:American Institute of Graphic Arts
455:Hidden elements and "secret marks"
378:Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee
263:(Middle Congo) on the base stamp,
25:
2257:Design and Industries Association
247:with no country name designation.
31:
545:stamps for multiple countries.
475:previously they were separate.
42:needs additional citations for
2252:Chartered Society of Designers
1:
2323:Prince Philip Designers Prize
966:Architectural lighting design
696:Bruce Petersen (2006-05-16).
601:Design successes and failures
265:Afrique Equatoriale Francaise
2129:Electronic design automation
2112:Virtual home design software
1084:Automotive suspension design
673:"What are PERMANENT stamps?"
290:inscribes with "RSA", while
988:Environmental impact design
728:American Philatelic Society
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2267:International Forum Design
1637:Engineering design process
2602:
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2068:
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1389:Integrated circuit design
1311:Stage/set lighting design
1200:Hardware interface design
1116:Hardware interface design
825:
814:
796:
724:Fundamentals of Philately
339:flag of the United States
2224:Industrial design rights
2212:Fashion design copyright
2124:Design quality indicator
1573:Creative problem-solving
1364:Electrical system design
1220:Sonic interaction design
1131:Photographic lens design
1005:Healthy community design
288:Republic of South Africa
2420:New product development
2385:Enterprise architecture
2313:IF Product Design Award
2272:Design Research Society
1824:Reliability engineering
133:This 2005 stamp of the
2665:Philatelic terminology
1876:Top-down and bottom-up
1225:User experience design
1126:Packaging and labeling
1099:Electric guitar design
1037:Landscape architecture
653:References and sources
557:
492:
468:visible in his beard.
353:
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248:
198:Universal Postal Union
181:
138:
66:"Postage stamp design"
2405:Innovation management
2288:European Design Award
2054:Intellectual property
1871:Theory of constraints
1834:Responsibility-driven
1674:For manufacturability
1578:Creativity techniques
1416:Nuclear weapon design
1230:User interface design
1094:Corrugated box design
1015:Interior architecture
551:
486:
399:Most countries issue
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2450:Unintelligent design
2430:Philosophy of design
2144:Design specification
2097:Comprehensive layout
1669:For behaviour change
1642:Probabilistic design
1404:Power network design
941:Visual merchandising
898:Instructional design
876:Postage stamp design
726:(revised ed.).
623:for further detail.
531:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
401:commemorative issues
396:to different rates.
350:Netherlands Antilles
257:Republique Francaise
156:was adopted for the
142:Postage stamp design
51:improve this article
2370:Creative industries
2293:German Design Award
2202:Design infringement
2087:Architectural model
1426:Organization design
1421:Nucleic acid design
1369:Experimental design
922:Traffic sign design
642:Commemorative stamp
617:Legends of the West
522:from 1969 to 1985.
390:postage stamp color
206:first-class letters
164:addition to making
144:is the activity of
2435:Process simulation
2410:Intelligent design
1734:Intelligence-based
1729:Integrated topside
1659:Framework-oriented
1344:Behavioural design
1215:Information design
893:Information design
621:stamp design error
591:production process
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224:Semi-postal stamps
214:rate change stamps
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2365:Conceptual design
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2318:James Dyson Award
2174:Website wireframe
2164:Technical drawing
2038:
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1886:Transgenerational
1627:Ecological design
1503:Activity-centered
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1461:Spacecraft design
1255:Public art design
1193:Video game design
1171:Experience design
1141:Production design
1121:Motorcycle design
1079:Automotive design
983:Ecological design
861:Film title design
677:www.canadapost.ca
608:Linn's Stamp News
420:for more detail.
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2218:Geschmacksmuster
2192:Community design
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1804:Process-centered
1600:Designâbidâbuild
1568:Cradle-to-cradle
1548:Concept-oriented
1489:
1466:Strategic design
1436:Processor design
1411:Mechanism design
1379:Geometric design
1339:Algorithm design
1279:Jewellery design
1210:Immersive design
1104:Furniture design
1049:Landscape design
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540:Design evolution
487:A 2023 stamp of
424:Textual elements
410:First day covers
406:stamp collectors
365:Christmas stamps
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1940:Value sensitive
1930:User innovation
1809:Public interest
1774:Object-oriented
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1456:Software design
1446:Research design
1399:Physical design
1354:Database design
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1296:Property design
1291:Game art design
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971:Building design
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271:as overprints.
269:Oubangui-Chari
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150:postage stamps
148:as applied to
146:graphic design
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1679:For Six Sigma
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1451:Social design
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1374:Filter design
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1349:Boiler design
1347:
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1301:Scenic design
1299:
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1286:Floral design
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913:Retail design
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466:Star of David
464:has a minute
463:
462:Bernard Revel
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418:stamp program
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229:dual currency
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135:Faroe Islands
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68: â
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
2445:STEAM fields
2415:Lean startup
2400:Indie design
2216:
2183:Intellectual
1935:Value-driven
1913:Use-centered
1819:Regenerative
1799:Policy-based
1759:Mind mapping
1664:For assembly
1605:Designâbuild
1523:By committee
1508:Adaptive web
1306:Sound design
1264:glass design
1262: /
1247:applied arts
1188:Level design
1059:Urban design
1010:Hotel design
961:Architecture
936:Video design
929: /
920: /
888:Illustration
881:Print design
875:
851:Brand design
723:
702:. Retrieved
691:
680:. Retrieved
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472:Secret marks
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431:plate number
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374:
369:Soviet Union
362:
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334:Alfonso XIII
330:
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297:PoČta RomânÄ
296:
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235:Country name
222:
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187:denomination
183:
172:Denomination
166:counterfeits
162:
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94:
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61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
18:Stamp design
2483:competition
2440:Slow design
2390:Form factor
2360:Concept art
2169:HTML editor
1849:Sustainable
1684:For testing
1528:By contract
1384:Work design
1359:Drug design
1331:engineering
1205:Icon design
1183:Game design
1161:Interaction
1109:Sustainable
1042:Sustainable
931:Type design
908:Photography
903:News design
846:Book design
841:Advertising
820:Disciplines
554:Art Nouveau
382:Elvis stamp
261:Moyen Congo
245:Penny Black
158:Penny Black
2659:Categories
2643:Wiktionary
2636:Wikisource
2590:technology
2560:principles
2159:Storyboard
1985:management
1980:leadership
1945:Privacy by
1784:Parametric
1754:Metadesign
1724:Integrated
1714:High-level
1699:Generative
1694:Functional
1563:Continuous
1558:Contextual
1533:C-K theory
1493:Approaches
1235:Web design
1089:CMF design
1069:Industrial
927:Typography
704:2013-06-17
682:2020-09-11
658:References
489:Kyrgyzstan
394:color code
243:A British
77:newspapers
2629:Wikiquote
2615:Wikibooks
2565:rationale
2530:knowledge
2505:education
2425:OODA loop
2149:Prototype
2134:Flowchart
2092:Blueprint
1960:computing
1896:Universal
1844:Safe-life
1749:Low-level
1739:Iterative
1719:Inclusive
1704:Geodesign
1595:Defensive
1543:Co-design
1513:Affective
746:cite book
508:rhombuses
504:triangles
497:rectangle
320:Pictorial
210:bulk mail
191:gold yuan
107:July 2013
2622:Wikinews
2555:paradigm
2535:language
2515:engineer
2510:elements
2500:director
2185:property
2030:thinking
2020:strategy
2005:research
1965:controls
1923:Empathic
1854:Systemic
1814:Rational
1769:New Wave
1583:Critical
806:Designer
631:See also
512:octagons
326:currency
2608:Commons
2580:studies
2525:history
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2466:Design
2380:.design
2308:Graphex
2010:science
2000:pattern
1995:methods
1970:culture
1953:Design
1764:Modular
1617:Diffuse
1538:Closure
1260:Ceramic
918:Signage
801:Outline
716:Sources
516:circles
91:scholar
2585:studio
2570:review
2550:museum
2473:change
2281:Awards
2154:Sketch
2139:Mockup
2119:CAutoD
2060:Awards
2025:theory
2015:sprint
1990:marker
1955:choice
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1327:design
1163:design
1071:design
953:design
871:Motion
833:design
790:Design
734:
445:Labuan
292:Jordan
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2468:brief
2355:Agile
2074:Tools
2051:Tools
1689:For X
1325:Other
1244:Other
520:Tonga
98:JSTOR
84:books
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2540:life
2520:firm
2107:CAID
1975:flow
1891:TRIZ
1779:Open
752:link
732:ISBN
267:and
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70:news
2102:CAD
2082:AAD
1859:SOD
1839:RWD
1709:HCD
1176:EED
1025:EID
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