557:
153:
424:, supplemented by numerous puristic neologisms. This has led some critics to argue that Morocco's official "language policy" is marginalizing the northern and eastern Berber languages of Morocco, and tacitly making all the Berber languages of Morocco 'non-standard', particularly those whose speakers do not identify with any of the three major languages used by IRCAM, such as
399:. As part of the standardization process, in 2003, IRCAM chose Tifinagh, referring to Neo-Tifinagh, as Standard Moroccan Amazigh's orthography. The decision was controversial both inside and outside the deciding committee, having been made for political, rather than practical, reasons; most Moroccan speakers of Tamazight do not use Tifinagh.
412:
script used for
Amazigh languages outside of Morocco. As a result, the adoption of Tifinagh is seen as limiting both within Morocco, and in connecting Morocco with broader Amazigh culture in North Africa, with the decision's harshest critics viewing it as an intentional ploy by the government. Linguist
356:
To develop
Standard Moroccan Amazigh, IRCAM analyzed written sources of Tashelhit, Central Atlas Tamazight, and Tarifit. In this process, 3584 verbs were added to the standardized vocabulary. Words and syntactic structures with identical meanings across languages were added as synonyms; for example,
411:
The 2003 adoption of
Tifinagh was met with widespread criticism, particularly among Amazigh activists, who find the choice impractical and limiting in the promotion of Tamazight. Most Moroccan speakers of Amazigh use the Latin alphabet, rather than Tifinagh, and the Latin alphabet is the official
416:
argued that the decision was "dangerous" and intended to " this transitional period of
Amazigh writing and teaching into a sure dead end." However, most non-activists opposed the official adoption of the Latin alphabet for Amazigh, and a 2011 survey found that 45.5% of respondents agreed that
772:
In
Morocco, three Amazigh languages can be identified: Tamazight in the middle and center of the country, Tarifit in the north, and Tashelhit in the south. Although the adjective Amazigh is commonly used, the term Tamazight is now widely used as a generic name for all of the three
873:
As the mother tongue of 40-60 per cent of the population of
Morocco, Tamazight is clearly a national language, yet in many ways it has less recognition by the state than does Walloon in Belgium since Walloon is now taught (as a foreign language) in the schools and Tamazight is
2112:
1476:
402:
The version of Neo-Tifinagh used by IRCAM is slightly different from other versions. As of 2016, the use of
Tifinagh has been restricted primarily to public signage and other culturally conspicuous uses; it is not widely used in education or media.
344:
In 2001, the creation of IRCAM, and its role in teaching
Tamazight in the classroom, was announced. This development required the standardization of Tamazight writing and the creation of dictionaries, textbooks, and teaching materials.
368:
To add words not found in any of
Tashelhit, Central Atlas Tamazight, or Tarifit, IRCAM borrowed from Amazigh languages from outside Morocco when possible, and otherwise derived a new word from the existing Tamazight lexicon.
337:
As of 1993, about 40–60 percent of
Moroccans spoke Tamazight, referring to either Tashelhit, Central Atlas Tamazight, or Tarifit, as a native language. Following the independence of Morocco in 1956,
420:
In practice, while all three languages are used in primary school textbooks, Tashelhit otherwise appears to be the main basis of the standard used in Amazigh-language materials produced by the
823:
Tamazight in Morocco is divided by linguists into three major dialect areas usually referred to as: Taselhit in the south, Tamazight in the Middle Atlas mountains, and Tarifit in the north.
341:
began calling for greater inclusion of Tamazight in official and public contexts. Cultural associations also began demanding the standardization of Tamazight in the 1980s.
2215:
1297:
977:
473:
The Amazigh population in Morocco speak Tashelhit, Tarifit, Central Atlas Tamazight, and a few other varieties natively, not the standardized combination of them.
1530:
323:, although these terms can also be used to refer to any other Amazigh language, or to Amazigh languages as a whole, including those outside Morocco.
2143:
454:
2107:
1429:
1329:
1273:
1134:
1009:
953:
2097:
2102:
2244:
2208:
2234:
421:
293:
170:
1803:
907:
2201:
1523:
2117:
1704:
2239:
1671:
433:
165:
1756:
1736:
1885:
1880:
2019:
1301:
981:
320:
1689:
1863:
1654:
1516:
429:
91:
1093:
1967:
1920:
1565:
2026:
2033:
1895:
1890:
1841:
305:
191:
101:
1637:
1632:
2138:
2069:
2054:
2012:
1741:
1677:
1627:
556:
449:
1622:
2181:
2074:
2064:
1858:
1768:
1554:
392:
81:
1682:
998:
Crawford, David L. (2005). "Royal Interest in Local Culture: Amazigh Identity and the Moroccan State".
1808:
1606:
1957:
1952:
1813:
1600:
735:
661:
582:
332:
1372:
1217:
1039:
2046:
1975:
1751:
1500:
1400:
1291:
1245:
1191:
1067:
971:
864:
814:
763:
689:
610:
499:
Ataa Allah, Fadoua; Boulaknadel, Siham (2018). Mastorakis, N.; Mladenov, V.; Bulucea, A. (eds.).
378:
644:
Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14)
636:
899:
2005:
1947:
1907:
1709:
1699:
1435:
1425:
1392:
1335:
1325:
1324:. Christopher Moseley (2nd ed.). Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 58–59.
1279:
1269:
1237:
1183:
1140:
1130:
1059:
1015:
1005:
959:
949:
903:
887:
856:
806:
755:
681:
602:
522:
348:
In 2011, the Moroccan constitution was amended to include Tamazight as an official language.
289:
2185:
1149:
In Morocco, the Palace had chosen neo-Tifinagh as a compromise option, for political reasons.
836:
786:
1997:
1942:
1934:
1853:
1791:
1763:
1731:
1663:
1539:
1384:
1229:
1175:
1051:
895:
848:
798:
747:
716:
673:
594:
512:
313:
86:
1980:
1875:
1868:
1847:
1836:
1818:
1724:
1719:
1694:
1617:
1593:
1583:
1578:
1573:
707:
Zouhir, Abderrahman (2014). "Language Policy and State in Morocco: The Status of Berber".
301:
273:
96:
73:
2162:
2133:
1785:
1779:
1746:
1714:
1588:
126:
1373:"Writing and rewriting Amazigh/Berber identity: Orthographies and language ideologies"
1218:"Writing and rewriting Amazigh/Berber identity: Orthographies and language ideologies"
1040:"Writing and rewriting Amazigh/Berber identity: Orthographies and language ideologies"
224:
2228:
1796:
1644:
1454:"الجنوب الشرقي و المعهد و القناة الامازيغية: عذرا !! نحن هنا قبل أن تنصرفوا ..."
1404:
1249:
1071:
868:
818:
767:
693:
614:
517:
500:
388:
1774:
1612:
837:"The Politics of Unofficial Language Use: Walloon in Belgium, Tamazight in Morocco"
787:"The Politics of Unofficial Language Use: Walloon in Belgium, Tamazight in Morocco"
413:
1388:
1233:
1055:
1004:. Maya Shatzmiller. Montreal : McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 164–165.
751:
677:
598:
1268:. Abdelhay, Asfaha, Yonas Mesfun. Newcastle upon Tyne. 2014. pp. 151–152.
852:
802:
549:
1439:
1396:
1339:
1283:
1241:
1187:
1144:
1063:
1019:
963:
860:
810:
759:
685:
606:
544:
526:
319:
Standard Moroccan Amazigh is typically referred to as Tamazight, Amazigh, or
365:, the Tashelhit word for house, mean "house" in Standard Moroccan Amazigh.
338:
217:
201:
183:
1419:
1319:
1263:
1124:
999:
948:. Abdelhay, Asfaha, Yonas Mesfun. Newcastle upon Tyne. 2014. p. 153.
943:
928:
Vourlias, Christopher (January 25, 2010). "Moroccan minority's net gain".
208:
2059:
396:
382:
133:
1195:
1167:
720:
425:
309:
297:
158:
46:
1453:
1421:
The Berber identity movement and the challenge to North African states
1126:
The Berber identity movement and the challenge to North African states
1424:(1st ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 170–171.
437:
1353:"Morocco draft law on official use of Berber language scrutinised".
1179:
736:"The question of languages and the medium of instruction in Morocco"
662:"The question of languages and the medium of instruction in Morocco"
583:"The question of languages and the medium of instruction in Morocco"
316:
in Morocco. It has been an official language of Morocco since 2011.
1508:
1129:(1st ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 195.
417:
Tifinagh was the most appropriate script for writing Tamazight.
1512:
1104:(2). New Jersey: Amazigh Cultural Association in America (ACAA)
1501:
Criticism against Morocco's Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture
932:. Vol. 417, no. 10. Penske Business Media, LLC.
1001:
Nationalism and minority identities in Islamic societies
2189:
1094:"Which Script for Tamazight, Whose Choice is it ?"
646:. European Language Resources Association (ELRA): 1053.
2126:
2090:
2083:
2045:
1989:
1966:
1933:
1906:
1829:
1662:
1653:
1564:
1546:
635:Fadoua Ataa, Allah; Boulaknadel, Siham (May 2014).
255:
245:
235:
215:
199:
181:
176:
164:
144:
139:
123:
70:
60:
52:
42:
21:
361:, the Central Atlas Tamazight word for house, and
894:, Edinburgh University Press, pp. 219–220,
1477:"ماذا حققت الأمازيغية بإيجابيتكم أستاذ بوكوس؟؟"
1321:The Routledge handbook of scripts and alphabets
501:"Morpho-Lexicon for standard Moroccan Amazigh"
16:Variety of the Berber language used in Morocco
2209:
1524:
8:
387:Tamazight has typically been written in the
1166:Silverstein, Paul; Crawford, David (2004).
2216:
2202:
2087:
1659:
1531:
1517:
1509:
1296:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
976:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
18:
1168:"Amazigh Activism and the Moroccan State"
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
516:
1481:Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية
900:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748623730.003.0006
2144:Amazigh Cultural Association in America
486:
466:
455:2011 Moroccan constitutional referendum
1289:
969:
232:
1366:
1364:
1313:
1311:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1033:
1031:
1029:
993:
991:
540:
538:
536:
249:Imaziɣen (males or males and females)
7:
2177:
2175:
655:
653:
630:
628:
626:
624:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
494:
492:
490:
740:Current Issues in Language Planning
666:Current Issues in Language Planning
587:Current Issues in Language Planning
277:
2188:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
422:Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture
294:Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture
171:Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture
14:
1098:Amazigh Voice (Taghect Tamazight)
555:
151:
1371:Soulaimani, Dris (2016-01-02).
1216:Soulaimani, Dris (2016-01-02).
1038:Soulaimani, Dris (2016-01-02).
886:Bassiouney, Reem (2009-08-27),
1418:Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce (2011).
1265:African Literacies: Ideologies
1123:Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce (2011).
945:African Literacies: Ideologies
888:"Language policy and politics"
518:10.1051/matecconf/201821004024
1:
1389:10.1080/17586801.2015.1023176
1234:10.1080/17586801.2015.1023176
1056:10.1080/17586801.2015.1023176
752:10.1080/14664208.2017.1353329
709:Digest of Middle East Studies
678:10.1080/14664208.2017.1353329
599:10.1080/14664208.2017.1353329
1318:Campbell, George L. (2012).
383:Tifinagh § Neo-Tifinagh
440:, and Southeastern Berber.
282:Standard Moroccan Tamazight
27:Standard Moroccan Tamazight
2261:
2245:Afroasiatic language stubs
2174:
1771:(transitional to Eastern)
1355:BBC Monitoring Middle East
853:10.1177/0308275X9301300204
803:10.1177/0308275X9301300204
734:Alalou, Ali (2018-04-03).
660:Alalou, Ali (2018-04-03).
581:Alalou, Ali (2018-04-03).
376:
330:
2235:Northern Berber languages
2156:
637:"Amazigh Verb Conjugator"
545:Standard Moroccan Amazigh
300:by combining features of
266:Standard Moroccan Amazigh
146:Official language in
107:Standard Moroccan Amazigh
31:
26:
22:Standard Moroccan Amazigh
1674:(transitional to Atlas)
1377:Writing Systems Research
1222:Writing Systems Research
1044:Writing Systems Research
841:Critique of Anthropology
791:Critique of Anthropology
505:MATEC Web of Conferences
286:Standard Moroccan Berber
1483:(in Arabic). 2015-04-07
892:Arabic Sociolinguistics
835:Gross, Joan E. (1993).
785:Gross, Joan E. (1993).
434:Eastern Atlas Tamazight
306:Central Atlas Tamazight
102:Central Atlas Tamazight
2184:-related article is a
2139:World Amazigh Congress
2070:Berber Arabic alphabet
2055:Libyco-Berber alphabet
450:Libyco-Berber alphabet
428:in the far northeast,
2182:Afroasiatic languages
2075:Judeo-Berber alphabet
2065:Berber Latin alphabet
1705:South Oran and Figuig
1300:) CS1 maint: others (
980:) CS1 maint: others (
393:Berber Latin alphabet
290:standardized language
2020:Fezzan-Tripolitanian
1672:Eastern Middle Atlas
1092:Larbi, Hsen (2003).
436:in central Morocco,
333:Languages of Morocco
278:الأمازيغية المعيارية
251:Timaziɣin (females)
2240:Standard languages
1172:Middle East Report
721:10.1111/dome.12039
379:Berber orthography
312:, the three major
2197:
2196:
2169:
2168:
2163:extinct languages
2152:
2151:
1929:
1928:
1431:978-0-292-73478-4
1357:. August 4, 2016.
1331:978-0-203-86548-4
1275:978-1-4438-6826-6
1136:978-0-292-73478-4
1011:978-0-7735-7254-6
955:978-1-4438-6826-6
553:(25th ed., 2022)
339:Amazigh activists
314:Amazigh languages
292:developed by the
280:), also known as
270:ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ
263:
262:
241:Tamaziɣt (female)
231:
230:
166:Regulated by
37:tamaziɣt tanawayt
33:ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ
2252:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2176:
2088:
1916:Moroccan Amazigh
1864:Sanhaja de Srayr
1804:Western Algerian
1742:Eastern Moroccan
1690:Northern Saharan
1660:
1540:Berber languages
1533:
1526:
1519:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1368:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1315:
1306:
1305:
1295:
1287:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1213:
1200:
1199:
1163:
1152:
1151:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1089:
1076:
1075:
1035:
1024:
1023:
995:
986:
985:
975:
967:
940:
934:
933:
925:
919:
918:
917:
916:
883:
877:
876:
832:
826:
825:
782:
776:
775:
731:
725:
724:
704:
698:
697:
657:
648:
647:
641:
632:
619:
618:
578:
561:
560:
559:
542:
531:
530:
520:
496:
474:
471:
279:
271:
233:
227:
211:
204:
195:
194:
186:
157:
155:
154:
129:
76:
34:
19:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2148:
2122:
2108:IRCAM (Morocco)
2079:
2041:
1985:
1962:
1925:
1921:Algerian Berber
1902:
1886:Central-Western
1881:Central-Eastern
1837:Atlas languages
1825:
1769:Tunisian-Zuwara
1757:Western Riffian
1737:Central Riffian
1649:
1560:
1542:
1537:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1432:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1332:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1288:
1276:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1215:
1214:
1203:
1180:10.2307/1559451
1165:
1164:
1155:
1137:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1091:
1090:
1079:
1037:
1036:
1027:
1012:
997:
996:
989:
968:
956:
942:
941:
937:
927:
926:
922:
914:
912:
910:
885:
884:
880:
834:
833:
829:
784:
783:
779:
733:
732:
728:
706:
705:
701:
659:
658:
651:
639:
634:
633:
622:
580:
579:
564:
554:
543:
534:
498:
497:
488:
483:
478:
477:
472:
468:
463:
446:
409:
385:
375:
354:
335:
329:
269:
250:
240:
223:
207:
200:
190:
189:
182:
152:
150:
147:
140:Official status
130:
125:
119:
77:
74:Language family
72:
63:
62:Native speakers
35:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2258:
2256:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2167:
2166:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2134:Berber Academy
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2098:AAAL (Algeria)
2094:
2092:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1844:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1668:
1666:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1615:
1610:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1493:
1468:
1457:chaabpress.com
1445:
1430:
1410:
1360:
1345:
1330:
1307:
1274:
1255:
1201:
1153:
1135:
1115:
1077:
1025:
1010:
987:
954:
935:
920:
908:
878:
827:
777:
746:(2): 136–160.
726:
699:
672:(2): 136–160.
649:
620:
562:
532:
485:
484:
482:
479:
476:
475:
465:
464:
462:
459:
458:
457:
452:
445:
442:
432:in the north,
408:
405:
374:
371:
353:
350:
328:
325:
261:
260:
257:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
237:
229:
228:
221:
213:
212:
205:
197:
196:
187:
179:
178:
177:Language codes
174:
173:
168:
162:
161:
148:
145:
142:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:Writing system
124:
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
113:
112:
111:
110:
109:
80:
78:
71:
68:
67:
64:
61:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
44:
43:Native to
40:
39:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2257:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:DNAFLA (Mali)
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2103:HCA (Algeria)
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2035:
2034:West Numidian
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2013:East Numidian
2010:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1842:Central Atlas
1840:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:Reconstructed
1545:
1541:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1116:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1003:
1002:
994:
992:
988:
983:
979:
973:
965:
961:
957:
951:
947:
946:
939:
936:
931:
924:
921:
911:
909:9780748623730
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
882:
879:
875:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
831:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
781:
778:
774:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
730:
727:
722:
718:
714:
710:
703:
700:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
656:
654:
650:
645:
638:
631:
629:
627:
625:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
563:
558:
552:
551:
546:
541:
539:
537:
533:
528:
524:
519:
514:
510:
506:
502:
495:
493:
491:
487:
480:
470:
467:
460:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
443:
441:
439:
435:
431:
430:Senhaja-Ktama
427:
423:
418:
415:
406:
404:
400:
398:
394:
390:
389:Arabic script
384:
380:
372:
370:
366:
364:
360:
351:
349:
346:
342:
340:
334:
326:
324:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
275:
267:
258:
254:
248:
244:
239:Amaziɣ (male)
238:
234:
226:
222:
220:
219:
214:
210:
206:
203:
198:
193:
188:
185:
180:
175:
172:
169:
167:
163:
160:
149:
143:
138:
135:
132:
128:
122:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
94:
93:
90:
89:
88:
85:
84:
83:
79:
75:
69:
65:
59:
55:
51:
48:
45:
41:
38:
30:
25:
20:
2190:expanding it
2179:
2171:
2158:
2118:CRB (France)
2091:Governmental
2084:Institutions
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1996:
1915:
1908:Standardised
1859:Judeo-Berber
1846:
1784:
1605:
1555:Proto-Berber
1553:
1496:
1485:. Retrieved
1480:
1471:
1460:. Retrieved
1456:
1448:
1420:
1413:
1380:
1376:
1354:
1348:
1320:
1264:
1258:
1228:(1): 12–14.
1225:
1221:
1171:
1148:
1125:
1118:
1108:December 17,
1106:. Retrieved
1101:
1097:
1047:
1043:
1000:
944:
938:
929:
923:
913:, retrieved
891:
881:
872:
844:
840:
830:
822:
794:
790:
780:
771:
743:
739:
729:
715:(1): 37–53.
712:
708:
702:
669:
665:
643:
590:
586:
548:
508:
504:
469:
419:
414:Salem Chaker
410:
401:
386:
367:
362:
358:
355:
347:
343:
336:
318:
285:
281:
265:
264:
216:
106:
82:Afro-Asiatic
36:
2047:Orthography
2027:Mauretanian
1953:Tawellemmet
1678:Seghrouchen
1174:(233): 46.
373:Orthography
352:Development
296:(IRCAM) in
2229:Categories
2006:Old Libyan
1830:Non-Zenati
1487:2024-02-12
1462:2024-02-12
1383:(1): 6–9.
1050:(1): 1–2.
915:2022-12-14
847:(2): 182.
797:(2): 181.
773:languages.
593:(2): 6–8.
550:Ethnologue
481:References
377:See also:
331:See also:
2161:indicate
1976:Tetserret
1440:741751261
1405:144700140
1397:1758-6801
1340:810078009
1292:cite book
1284:892969053
1250:144700140
1242:1758-6801
1188:0899-2851
1145:741751261
1072:144700140
1064:1758-6801
1020:191819018
972:cite book
964:892969053
869:145058398
861:0308-275X
819:145058398
811:0308-275X
768:149159548
760:1466-4208
694:149159548
686:1466-4208
615:149159548
607:1466-4208
527:2261-236X
511:: 04024.
407:Criticism
302:Tashelhit
218:Glottolog
202:ISO 639-3
184:ISO 639-2
2060:Tifinagh
1948:Tamashek
1720:Wad Righ
1710:Tidikelt
1700:Mozabite
1655:Northern
1601:Ghadamès
444:See also
397:Tifinagh
259:Tamaziɣt
256:Language
225:stan1324
134:Tifinagh
92:Northern
2159:Italics
1998:Guanche
1968:Western
1943:Tamahaq
1896:Western
1891:Eastern
1854:Ghomara
1809:Gouraya
1792:Douiret
1780:Matmata
1764:Shawiya
1747:Iznasen
1732:Riffian
1607:Jaghbub
1566:Eastern
1196:1559451
930:Variety
426:Iznasen
363:tigammi
359:taddart
327:History
310:Tarifit
298:Morocco
288:, is a
159:Morocco
47:Morocco
1990:Others
1981:Zenaga
1958:Tayart
1935:Tuareg
1876:Kabyle
1869:Shilha
1819:Shenwa
1814:Shelif
1797:Zuwara
1752:Snouss
1725:Wargla
1695:Gurara
1683:Warayn
1664:Zenati
1638:Yefren
1633:Wazzin
1618:Nafusi
1594:Tmessa
1584:Foqaha
1579:Fezzan
1574:Awjila
1438:
1428:
1403:
1395:
1338:
1328:
1282:
1272:
1248:
1240:
1194:
1186:
1143:
1133:
1070:
1062:
1018:
1008:
962:
952:
906:
867:
859:
817:
809:
766:
758:
692:
684:
613:
605:
525:
438:Figuig
391:, the
321:Berber
308:, and
274:Arabic
246:People
236:Person
156:
87:Berber
2180:This
1848:Gharb
1786:Sened
1775:Jerba
1715:Tuwat
1628:Nalut
1613:Kufra
1589:Sokna
1401:S2CID
1246:S2CID
1192:JSTOR
1068:S2CID
865:S2CID
815:S2CID
764:S2CID
690:S2CID
640:(PDF)
611:S2CID
461:Notes
395:, or
357:both
97:Atlas
2186:stub
2127:NGOs
1645:Siwa
1623:Jadu
1436:OCLC
1426:ISBN
1393:ISSN
1336:OCLC
1326:ISBN
1302:link
1298:link
1280:OCLC
1270:ISBN
1238:ISSN
1184:ISSN
1141:OCLC
1131:ISBN
1110:2009
1060:ISSN
1016:OCLC
1006:ISBN
982:link
978:link
960:OCLC
950:ISBN
904:ISBN
874:not.
857:ISSN
807:ISSN
756:ISSN
682:ISSN
603:ISSN
523:ISSN
381:and
66:None
56:2011
53:Date
1385:doi
1230:doi
1176:doi
1052:doi
896:doi
849:doi
799:doi
748:doi
717:doi
674:doi
595:doi
547:at
513:doi
509:210
284:or
209:zgh
192:zgh
2231::
1479:.
1434:.
1399:.
1391:.
1379:.
1375:.
1363:^
1334:.
1310:^
1294:}}
1290:{{
1278:.
1244:.
1236:.
1224:.
1220:.
1204:^
1190:.
1182:.
1170:.
1156:^
1147:.
1139:.
1102:12
1100:.
1096:.
1080:^
1066:.
1058:.
1046:.
1042:.
1028:^
1014:.
990:^
974:}}
970:{{
958:.
902:,
890:,
871:.
863:.
855:.
845:13
843:.
839:.
821:.
813:.
805:.
795:13
793:.
789:.
770:.
762:.
754:.
744:19
742:.
738:.
713:23
711:.
688:.
680:.
670:19
668:.
664:.
652:^
642:.
623:^
609:.
601:.
591:19
589:.
585:.
565:^
535:^
521:.
507:.
503:.
489:^
304:,
276::
272:;
2217:e
2210:t
2203:v
2192:.
2001:?
1532:e
1525:t
1518:v
1490:.
1465:.
1442:.
1407:.
1387::
1381:8
1342:.
1304:)
1286:.
1252:.
1232::
1226:8
1198:.
1178::
1112:.
1074:.
1054::
1048:8
1022:.
984:)
966:.
898::
851::
801::
750::
723:.
719::
696:.
676::
617:.
597::
529:.
515::
268:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.