1026:. On 16 November 1920, he also created the Belarusian Provisional Government. However, the planned uprising gained little support in the Belarusian nation, worn tired by six years of constant war and the Red Army finally gained an upper hand. On 18 November 1920, Bałachowicz abandoned Mozyr and started a withdrawal towards the Polish frontier. The Belarusian troops, hardened by the years spent behind the enemy lines, fought their way to Poland and managed to inflict heavy casualties on the advancing Russians while suffering negligible losses, but were too weak to turn the tide of war.
331:
290:
691:
1328:
Przy mnie rzucali mu pod nogi (Batce, jak go nazywają) głowy bolszewików ścięte szablami. Jeśli coś mu się nie podoba u jego oficerów lub żołnierzy, to osobiście ich strzela przed frontem, lub każe się samym wieszać. Spełniają to bez oporu, patrzą mu w oczy jak psy. Piłem z nim całą noc dzisiejszą, a rano on z grupą swoją, a ja z pułkiem poszliśmy na wypad. Masakra bolszewików była straszna. Pięciokrotnie większe zmasowane siły bolszewickie rozbiliśmy i zmusiliśmy do ucieczki.
914:, one of the centres of concentration of the advancing Russian forces. On 17 August the area was secured and the Bułak-Bałachowicz's forces defended it successfully until 7 September against numerically superior enemy forces. Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz organised an active defence and managed to disrupt the concentration of all enemy attacks before they could be started. For instance, on 30 August and 2 September his forces, supported by the
1114:. The unit consisted of approximately 1750 ill-equipped infantrymen and 250 cavalrymen. It was used on the southern flank of the Polish forces defending the Polish capital and adopted the tactics its commander knew perfectly well: fast attacks on the rear of the enemy forces. On 12 September 1939, the unit entered combat for the first time. It took the German defenders by surprise and retook the southernmost borough of
38:
320:
731:, which was seen by Bałachowicz's superiors as a sign of lack of loyalty. After Pskov was yet again lost to the Bolsheviks in mid-July, general Yudenich ordered Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz to be arrested even though only a few days earlier he promoted him to major general (a move Yudenich undertook with hopes of appeasing Bułak-Bałachowicz and encouraging greater subordinance).
342:
772:
302:
277:
988:, the allied units were to leave Poland before 2 November. General Bułak-Bałachowicz was given the choice of either being interned in Poland with his units and then sent home or continuing the fight against the Reds on his own. He chose the latter option, just like most other White Russian and Ukrainian units fighting on the Polish side in the Polish-Bolshevik War.
643:(Saint Petersburg). With his incompletely-formed regiment, he reached the area and pacified the peasant unrest without the use of force. He was immediately called into Saint Petersburg by his superiors but was afraid of being arrested. Because of that, Bułak-Bałachowicz with his cavalry regiment deserted and moved across the Bolshevik lines to the area of
738:. There he once again created a partisan unit. With 600 men he broke through the Red Army front and started to disrupt its supply lines. Despite Yudenich's hostility towards Bułak-Bałachowicz, the latter cooperated with White Russian units during their counter-offensive in the autumn of 1919. His unit captured the railway node in
1097:
in the
Bialowieża Woods. The Jewish Telegraph Agency remarked on his reported passing: "The murder of this ruthless insurrectionary and counter-revolutionary leader brings an end to the career of a bloodthirsty pogromist," referring to a February 1921 report by the Federation of Ukrainian Jews, that
540:
to the 2nd Leyb-Courland
Infantry Regiment. However, unlike many of his colleagues who were awarded the basic NCO grades for their noble ancestry only, Bułak-Bałachowicz proved himself as a skilled field commander and was quickly promoted. By December 1914, only four months after he entered the army,
957:
in the rear. The city was the most important railroad junction in the area and was planned as the last stand of the
Bolshevik forces still fighting to the west of that city. According to a book published in 1943, after Bułak-Bałachowicz's troops entered Pinsk, they have committed a series of pogroms
515:
At the time, he had a reputation as a defender of the less fortunate and was often an arbitrator in disputes between the farmers and their landlords. As a result of these activities, he acquired the nickname "Daddy" (Bat'ka). His other nickname —"Bułak"— became part of his surname. It means 'cloud'
1327:
8.8.1920 Przez dwie doby piłem z gen. Bałachowiczem. Jest to człowiek bez ideologii, zbój i morderca i takich samych ma towarzyszy – podkomendnych. Jest to dywizja, która swego czasu przeszła na naszą stronę, składająca się z Rosjan, Szwedów, Finów. Nie znają pardonu i przypominają barbarzyńców...
905:
On 23 July 1920, during the
Bolshevik offensive towards central Poland, general Bałachowicz's group started an organised retreat as a rearguard of the Polish 3rd Army. During that operation, Bułak-Bałachowicz abandoned the withdrawing Polish troops and stayed with his forces for several days behind
654:
and various German anti-Bolshevik units. Initially, the unit fought against the Reds on the White side, but soon conflicts with the German officials arose and Bułak-Bałachowicz switched sides yet again. Together with his battle-hardened unit he disarmed the German units surrounding him and broke to
726:
and focused on both the cultural and economic recovery of the war-impoverished city. He also put an end to censorship of the press and allowed for the creation of several socialist associations and newspapers, which enraged White generals towards him. Finally, Bułak-Bałachowicz entered in contact
610:
signed only two days before, Bułak-Bałachowicz's unit skirmished with a German unit near the village of
Smolova. Although the enemy unit was severely defeated, forced to retreat and abandon its staff behind, Bułak-Bałachowicz was seriously wounded after being shot in the left lung. Transported to
832:
and proposed to ally his unit with the Polish Army against the
Bolshevist Russia. As the fame of the general preceded him, Piłsudski agreed and soon afterwards Bułak-Bałachowicz with some 800 cavalrymen set off for yet another of his great odysseys. After leaving Estonia, they outflanked the Red
746:
railroad, which added greatly to the White
Russian's initial success. On 5 November 1919, his unit yet again entered the area between Pskov and Ostrov and destroyed the three remaining railway lines linking Pskov with the rest of Russia. However, Yudenich's army could not link up with the areas
619:
disbanded the unit soon after its formation, executed its commander and started to persecute its members. However, with the help of the French military mission, a Polish cavalry detachment was finally created and Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz became its commander. The new unit received
750:
On 22 January 1920, general
Yudenich signed an order of dissolution of his badly beaten army. On 28 January 1920, general Bułak-Bałachowicz, together with several Russian officers, was arrested by the Estonian police. A large amount of money was found with him (roughly 227,000
1057:
had been signed, Bułak-Bałachowicz and his men were set free from the internment camps. The general retired from the army and settled in Warsaw. There he became an active member of various veteran societies. Among other functions, he held the post of the head of
1372:"Do legend należy raczej zaliczyć pojawiające się informacje o rzekomym udziale w wojnie sławnego i kontrowersyjnego „zagończyka” z czasów wojny domowej w Rosji i wojny polsko-bolszewickiej, gen. Stanisława Bułaka-Bałachowicza", Jacek Pietrzak (2016),
958:
on the Jewish population. There were hundreds of victims of rape and murder in Pinsk and in the vicinity around that time. According to one of his own men, Bałachowicz, who faced accusations of personally murdering Jews, was a "robber and a murderer."
1040:
On 28 November, the last organised unit under his command crossed the Polish border and was subsequently interned. The Soviet
Russian government demanded that General Bułak-Bałachowicz be handed over to them and tried for high treason. The
803:
agreed to finance Bałachowicz's unit and on 14 November, Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz received his
Belarusian citizenship and applied for official service for the Belarusian Democratic Republic. His unit was officially renamed to
710:
by surprise and on 29 May Bałachowicz entered Pskov. For this action, he was promoted to colonel by General Yudenich. Because of his victories, his subordinates (mostly Belarusian, Cossack, and Polish volunteers) nicknamed him
1137:
After the capitulation of Warsaw, general Bułak-Bałachowicz (formally retired) evaded being captured by the Germans and returned to civilian life. At the same time, he was the main organiser of Konfederacja Wojskowa
571:
In November 1915, Bułak-Bałachowicz was assigned to the special partisan regiment in the Northern front headquarters as a squadron commander. His regiment under the command of colonel Punin L. took action in the
877:
Formally independent, the division was one of the most successful units fighting in the ranks of the Polish Army during the Polish-Bolshevik War. The unit entered combat in late June 1920 in the area of
1413:
1751:
1736:
1045:
was even halted by these demands for several days, but eventually, these claims were refuted by the Polish government which argued that Bułak-Bałachowicz was a Polish citizen since 1918.
533:
874:
and former Red Army soldiers, and received the status of an allied army. Because of the composition of his troops, Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz is sometimes referred to as a Belarusian.
615:, he quickly recovered and rejoined with his brother Józef Bułak-Bałachowicz. The latter got involved in the creation of a Polish cavalry detachment commanded by ensign Przysiecki. The
833:
Russian lines and rode several hundred kilometres behind the enemy lines to Latvia, where they were allowed to pass through Latvian territory. Finally, by mid-March, they reached
734:
However, once again Bułak-Bałachowicz evaded being captured. He handed over his division to his brother Józef and, together with 20 of his friends, left for Estonian-controlled
55:
1766:
1716:
1691:
1003:. General Bułak-Bałachowicz was hoping for a Belarusian all-national uprising against Bolshevik Russia. His forces initially achieved limited success and captured Homel and
1776:
972:
In October Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz was stationed with his forces in Pinsk, where they received supplies and a large number of former Red Army soldiers who were taken
1756:
898:
and was annihilated. After that action, the Operational Group was withdrawn to the main lines of the Polish 3rd Army and after 10 July it defended the line of the
1771:
1761:
1721:
1711:
800:
102:
74:
1421:
894:
were stationed. The enemy unit was caught by surprise and suffered heavy losses. On 3 July the enemy unit was completely surrounded in the village of
694:
The highest command of Estonian Army visited Bułak-Bałachowicz's forces in Pskov on 31 May 1919; Bułak-Bałachowicz (left) talks with Estonian general
1614:
999:
until the final Russo-Polish peace treaty was signed. Three days later his forces crossed into Russian-held Belarus and started an offensive towards
976:
after the Battle of Warsaw and volunteered for the service in anti-Bolshevik units. The unit was to re-enter combat in November, but on 12 October a
1746:
735:
1706:
1559:
Białoruskie oddziały gen. Stanisława Bułak-Bałachowicza w polityce Józefa Piłsudskiego w okresie wojny polsko-nolszewickiej (marzec-grudzień 1920)
81:
591:. Thanks to the versatile and flexible structure of his unit, Bułak-Bałachowicz managed to continue the fight behind the enemy lines until 1918.
845:
816:), received Belarusian uniforms and a seal. The unit issued its own field postal stamps and engaged in a few minor battles with the Bolsheviks.
1786:
1741:
1439:
1359:
1349:
546:
88:
1701:
1601:
Wschodni Sojusznicy Polski w wojnie 1920 roku. Oddziały wojskowe ukraińskie, rosyjskie, kozackie i białoruskie w Polsce w latach 1919–1920
1554:, w: Polska i Europa w XIX-XX wieku. Studia historyczno-politologiczne, red. J. Kiwerska, B. Koszek, D. Matelski, Poznań 1992, s. 109–124.
1274:
The nationality of Bułak-Bałachowicz was a matter of dispute even during the war. Józef Piłsudski described him with the following words:
1059:
146:
1781:
1676:
70:
1791:
1561:. Rozprawa doktorska napisana w 1993 r. w Instytucie Historii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego pod kierunkiem prof. Wojciecha Wrzesińskiego.
536:'s address to the Polish people, Bułak-Bałachowicz joined the Russian Imperial army. As a person of noble roots, he was drafted as an
1493:
763:) was given to the soldiers of the disbanded army as the last salary, which greatly added to Bałachowicz's popularity amongst them.
624:'s recognition and was soon reinforced with non-Polish volunteers from all over Russia and was planned as a cavalry division of the
121:
1386:
1126:. On 23 September the unit was transferred to northern Warsaw, where it was to organise an assault on the German positions in the
949:. Overnight on 21 September, his unit outflanked and then destroyed completely the Bolshevik 88th Rifle Regiment near the town of
1696:
512:, Bułak-Bałachowicz worked as an accountant, and in 1904 became a manager at the Count Plater's estates in Horodziec and Łużki.
1726:
1671:
294:
157:
722:
Bułak-Bałachowicz became the military administrator of Pskov. He personally ceded most of his responsibilities to a municipal
1015:
792:
776:
491:
223:
59:
1071:
505:
Following Stanisław's birth, his father left the landlord's service and acquired a small estate in Stakavievo near Vilnius.
1162:
929:
On 15 September 1920, the unit was yet again advancing in pursuit of the withdrawing Red Army. That day the unit captured
451:
1636:
1631:
1251:
Bułak-Bałachowicz S.N. "General Bułak-Bałachowicz on his deeds: how it was in reality? // Civil war archive. Berlin, 1923
992:
1686:
1681:
915:
672:
660:
431:
385:
95:
1276:
Today he's a Pole, tomorrow he'll be a Russian, the day after – a Belarusian and the following day perhaps an African.
1110:
of 1939, Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz volunteered for the Polish army. He created a Volunteer Group that fought in the
953:. Perhaps the most notable victory of the Bułak-Bałachowicz's Group took place on 26 September, when his forces took
942:
919:
664:
48:
1619:
1107:
1063:
848:
439:
1146:
found out his whereabouts. He was surrounded by a group of young conspirators in a house in Warsaw's borough of
1731:
1190:
1062:. He was also a political essayist and writer of two books on the possibilities of a future war with Germany: "
1023:
335:
1292:
Mashko VV. Bułak-Bałachowicz Stanislaw Nikodimovicz (1883–1940). Novyi Istoricheskii Vestnik, 2002, No. 2 (7)
1093:
In 1923, there were false reports of his death in the local Polish press; supposedly, he had been murdered by
891:
706:
and was ordered to drive it to the rear of the Bolshevik lines. Three days later his forces took the town of
907:
841:, then under Polish military administration), where they were greeted as heroes by Józef Piłsudski himself.
690:
655:
the rear of the Red-held territory. From there he fought his way across the fronts to the newly independent
651:
607:
227:
1122:
horse track. Soon afterwards the cavalry organised a disrupting attack on the German infantry stationed in
1520:
1142:), one of the first underground resistance groups in German and Soviet-occupied Poland. In early 1940 the
1111:
636:
306:
180:
1030:
967:
632:
447:
324:
910:
overnight of 14 August Bałachowicz's forces were ordered to start a counter-attack towards the town of
856:
825:
1666:
1661:
1311:, New Series, Vol. 34, No. 1 (July 1943), pp. 109–115. Published by: University of Pennsylvania Press
882:. On 30 June Bułak-Bałachowicz once again broke through the enemy lines and captured the village of
1212:
1184:
1178:
1161:
For his resistance against Bolshevik forces that killed local Belarusian peasantry, members of the
809:
780:
595:
517:
184:
1150:
and arrested by the Germans. According to the most common version, Bułak-Bałachowicz was shot by
402:
255:
1552:
Przejście oddziału generała Stanisława Bułak-Bałachowicza z Estonii do Polski (marzec 1920 roku)
1504:
1094:
1082:, 1933). According to non-scientific accounts, between 1936 and 1939 he served as an advisor to
895:
594:
For the German campaign, Bułak-Bałachowicz was decorated with six Russian decorations and three
498:). Stanisław had two brothers and six sisters. His parents were servants to a local landlord of
883:
1489:
1435:
1355:
1345:
1087:
887:
862:
483:
468:
435:
427:
390:
380:
231:
1486:
Generał Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz: zapomniany bohater (Bułak-Bałachowicz, a Forgotten Hero)
1566:
Kampania białoruska Rosyjskiej Armii Ludowo-Ochotniczej gen. S. Bułak-Bałachowicza w 1920 r.
1155:
1083:
996:
985:
934:
930:
612:
397:
1646:
17:
973:
906:
the enemy lines only to break through to the Polish forces shortly afterwards. During the
879:
844:
375:
1545:
Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz w estońskiej wojnie narodowo-wyzwoleńczej w latach 1918–1919
1304:
995:
and transferred to the areas that were to be abandoned by the Polish Army and become a
981:
752:
695:
648:
561:
487:
479:
319:
282:
235:
1029:
Representatives of Balachowicz participated in the organization and conduction of the
1655:
1147:
1054:
1042:
796:
756:
668:
537:
1321:
Józef Jaklicz (2016). "Wspomnienia żołnierskie i listy z frontu. 2. Listy do żony".
1077:
871:
621:
579:
His unit was formed of four cavalry platoons: one of Cossack light cavalry, one of
516:(another source offering the translation 'a man who is driven by the wind') in the
443:
259:
1434:"Anti-Semitism, Volume 12", Israel pocket library, Publisher: Keter Books, 1974
938:
728:
684:
576:
area. For their audacious actions, partisans were nicknamed "Knights of Death".
529:
499:
423:
422:(10 February 1883 – 10 May 1940) was a Polish-Belarusian general and veteran of
346:
37:
145:
1131:
977:
923:
911:
870:. It was composed mostly of Belarusian volunteers, as well as veterans of the
838:
616:
473:
1596:, w: Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne (Białystok), 1995, nr 2 (4), s. 160–169.
1524:
1166:
1119:
950:
771:
640:
550:
509:
495:
1263:
1154:
agents on 10 May 1940, in the Warsaw centre, on the intersection between
1098:
more than 1000 Jews in Minsk and Gomel were killed by Balachowitz's men.
1019:
1018:
with himself as the head of state. Bułak-Bałachowicz declared the exiled
1004:
834:
625:
588:
1641:
1464:
945:
Bałachowicz's unit prevented the enemy from forming a defensive line in
851:, a military award created for the soldiers of Bułak-Bałachowicz's units
727:
with Estonian officers and Poles who were trying to reach the renascent
1387:"Bulakiewitch, Pogromist and Insurrectionery, Killed By His Countrymen"
1151:
1143:
1127:
1123:
946:
743:
739:
680:
656:
580:
542:
791:
From 1918, Bałachowicz was in contact with the representatives of the
747:
controlled by Bułak-Bałachowicz and their assault was finally broken.
1115:
1034:
1014:. There, two days later, he again proclaimed the independence of the
760:
712:
631:
Soon after its creation, Bułak-Bałachowicz was ordered to quell the "
584:
565:
554:
341:
251:
1547:, w: Poznańskie Zeszyty Humanistyczne, t. VI, Poznań 2006, s. 81–99.
1323:
A więc wojna! Kampania wrześniowa 1939 oraz inne pisma i wspomnienia
560:
During the German summer offensive of 1915, Warsaw was taken by the
545:
volunteers, of whom he formed a cavalry squadron. Together with the
1011:
1000:
954:
843:
770:
689:
676:
644:
806:
Special Unit of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in the Baltics
899:
829:
723:
707:
573:
1469:
Koło tradycji wojskowej generała Stanisława Bułak-Bałachowicza
1130:
forest. The assault had been prepared but was thwarted by the
549:, he fought on the western front, most notably in the area of
31:
687:, and he was soon thereafter promoted to lieutenant colonel.
564:
and Bułak-Bałachowicz's unit was forced to retreat towards
1589:, w: Zeszyty Naukowe Muzeum Wojska", nr 6, Białystok 1992.
702:
On 10 May 1919, Bałachowicz was given the command over an
1344:(2 ed.). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Sejmowe. p. 69.
659:, where he then participated in the formation of general
508:
After attending an agricultural school for four years in
467:
Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz was born 10 February 1883 in
1573:
Generał Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz. Zapomniany bohater
824:
In February 1920 Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz contacted
1507:(1990). "Generał Bułak-Bałachowicz w wojnie 1920 r".
1060:
Society of Former Fighters of the National Uprisings
767:
Short service for the Belarusian Democratic Republic
667:. Units commanded by Bułak-Bałachowicz assisted the
1488:(in Polish). Grodzisk Mazowiecki: Ośrodek Kultury.
859:, the Bułak-Bałachowicz's unit was reformed into a
368:
360:
352:
313:
270:
265:
241:
210:
205:
191:
174:
156:
136:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
158:President of the Belarusian Provisional Government
922:from the rear before it could attack the town of
1752:Perpetrators of pogroms in the Russian Civil War
1737:Polish military personnel killed in World War II
1090:, yet historians claim this is merely a legend.
1393:. Vol. IV, no. 117. JTA. 15 June 1923
991:On 2 November 1920, his units were renamed the
1531:(in Polish) (Wszystkie dzieci Rzeczpospolitej)
1195:Cross of Valour of the Bułak-Bałachowicza Army
1010:On 10 November 1920 Bułak-Bałachowicz entered
1637:Photos of Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz (Part2)
1632:Photos of Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz (Part1)
446:. He is remembered as a national hero of the
8:
1568:, w: "Bellona", t. XXXVII, 1931, s. 196–232.
1374:Polscy uczestnicy hiszpańskiej wojny domowej
170:12 November 1920 – 28 November 1920
1594:Życiorys gen. Stanisława Bułak-Bałachowicza
1525:"Ostatnia wojna pierwszej Rzeczypospolitej"
1767:Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)
1717:People from Ignalina District Municipality
1692:Belarusian people executed by Nazi Germany
980:was signed. On the insistence of both the
144:
133:
1777:Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany
1247:
1245:
715:", though some preferred to use the term
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1420:(in Polish) (2004–12–09). Archived from
1300:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1284:
941:depot of an entire division. During the
779:, issued in Latvia by the Special Unit (
1580:Białoruskie formacje wojskowe 1917–1923
1342:Żydzi w parlamencie II Rzeczypospolitej
1241:
1205:
1068:Will There Be War or Will There Be None
1022:as dismissed and started forming a new
866:, sometimes incorrectly referred to as
1757:Polish people executed by Nazi Germany
1587:Spod czerwonej gwiazdy pod biały krzyż
1072:Precz z Hitlerem czy niech żyje Hitler
1772:Recipients of the Medal of St. George
1762:Recipients of the Cross of St. George
1465:"Generał Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz"
1414:"Dzień Bohaterów na Białostocczyźnie"
1307:. Review: A Thousand Years of Pinsk.
1259:
1257:
1033:that started in late November around
541:he was given command over a group of
27:Belarusian-Polish general (1883–1940)
7:
60:adding citations to reliable sources
1722:People from Novoalexandrovsky Uyezd
1642:Pictures of Gen. Bułak-Bałachowicz
1592:Zbigniew Karpus, Oleg Łatyszonek,
1278:; as cited in: Cabanowski, op.cit.
25:
1712:Belarusian independence activists
1264:New Historical Herald, 2002, # 2
902:river against Red Army actions.
606:On 5 March 1918, unaware of the
340:
329:
318:
300:
288:
275:
36:
1747:People of the Russian Civil War
993:Russian People's Volunteer Army
933:, where it took more than 1000
534:Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich
47:needs additional citations for
1707:Imperial Russian Army generals
1412:Aleksy Moroz (December 2004).
1016:Belarusian Democratic Republic
886:in today's Belarus, where the
868:Belarusian-Lithuanian Division
793:Belarusian Democratic Republic
777:Belarusian Democratic Republic
647:, held by the joint forces of
492:Ignalina District Municipality
1:
1163:Belarusian minority in Poland
452:Belarusian minority in Poland
71:"Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz"
1787:20th-century Polish nobility
1742:19th-century Polish nobility
1221:Станисла́в Була́к-Балахо́вич
1158:and Trzeciego Maja streets.
916:Polish 7th Infantry Division
828:through the Polish envoy to
661:Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich
598:(2nd, 3rd, and 4th degree).
432:Estonian War of Independence
386:Estonian War of Independence
295:Belarusian People's Republic
1702:Deaths by firearm in Poland
1647:Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz
1309:The Jewish Quarterly Review
1064:Wojna będzie czy nie będzie
849:Ribbon of Krzyż Waleczności
420:Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz
197:Piotra Krečeŭski (in exile)
138:Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz
18:Stanislaw Bulak-Balachowicz
1808:
1782:Unsolved murders in Poland
1677:Belarusian anti-communists
965:
962:Failed uprising in Belarus
943:Battle of the Niemen River
920:Soviet 58th Rifle Division
799:. On 7 November 1919, the
787:) led by Bułak-Bałachowicz
1792:Executed military leaders
1484:Marek Cabanowski (2000).
1391:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1340:Rudnicki, Szymon (2015).
1220:
1217:Станіслаў Булак-Балаховіч
1216:
814:Асобны атрад БНР у Балтыі
813:
784:
478:, a small village in the
413:
201:
163:
152:
143:
1615:List of unsolved murders
1575:, Warszawa 1993, s. 204.
1325:. Bellona. p. 188.
1191:Cross of Valour (Poland)
1134:signed on 27 September.
1024:Belarusian National Army
918:, managed to attack the
892:Soviet 2nd Rifle Brigade
336:Belarusian National Army
1697:Counter-revolutionaries
1564:Pantalejmon Simanskij,
1086:'s nationalists in the
608:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
228:Novoalexandrovsky Uyezd
1727:Polish anti-communists
1672:1940 murders in Poland
1140:Military Confederation
852:
788:
775:A postal stamp of the
699:
528:After the outbreak of
1463:Rafał Berger (2001).
1043:Riga Peace Conference
1031:Slutsk Defence Action
968:Slutsk Defence Action
847:
801:government of the BDR
774:
693:
596:Crosses of St. George
448:Belarusian opposition
353:Years of service
325:Imperial Russian Army
1620:Polish Defensive War
1550:Tomasz Paluszyński,
1543:Tomasz Paluszyński,
1521:Jarosław Tomasiewicz
1200:Notes and references
1165:regard him as their
1108:Polish Defensive War
1080:or Long live Hitler?
820:Polish-Bolshevik War
742:and broke the Pskov-
547:2nd Cavalry Division
56:improve this article
1687:Belarusian nobility
1682:Belarusian generals
1185:Medal of St. George
1179:Cross of St. George
518:Belarusian language
1571:Marek Cabanowski,
1424:on 9 October 2006.
1173:Honours and awards
1053:Shortly after the
861:Bułak-Bałachowicz
853:
789:
759:; and 110 million
700:
673:victorious battles
633:Baron Korff Revolt
440:Invasion of Poland
403:Invasion of Poland
256:General Government
1599:Zbigniew Karpus,
1582:, Białystok 1995.
1578:Oleg Łatyszonek,
1440:978-0-7065-1327-1
1360:978-83-7666-412-5
1351:978-83-7666-363-0
1112:defence of Warsaw
1088:Spanish Civil War
1055:Riga Peace Treaty
863:Operational Group
665:Northwestern Army
635:" in the area of
602:Russian Civil War
484:Kovno Governorate
436:Polish-Soviet War
428:Russian Civil War
417:
416:
391:Polish-Soviet War
381:Russian Civil War
232:Kovno Governorate
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
1799:
1585:Oleg Łatyszonek
1540:
1538:
1536:
1516:
1499:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1443:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1383:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1318:
1312:
1302:
1293:
1290:
1279:
1272:
1266:
1261:
1252:
1249:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1210:
986:Bolshevik Russia
935:prisoners of war
931:Kamień Koszyrski
908:Battle of Warsaw
815:
786:
613:Saint Petersburg
477:
442:at the start of
398:Second World War
345:
344:
334:
333:
332:
323:
322:
305:
304:
303:
293:
292:
291:
281:
279:
278:
266:Military service
248:
221:10 February 1883
220:
218:
206:Personal details
194:
181:Piotra Krečeŭski
177:
168:
148:
134:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1732:Polish generals
1652:
1651:
1628:
1611:
1606:
1534:
1532:
1519:
1505:Oleg Łatyszonek
1503:
1496:
1483:
1474:
1472:
1462:
1447:
1446:
1433:
1429:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1367:
1352:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1227:
1226:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1175:
1104:
1051:
974:prisoner of war
970:
964:
880:Polesie Marshes
857:Brześć Litewski
855:Transferred to
826:Józef Piłsudski
822:
769:
604:
526:
471:
465:
460:
409:
376:First World War
339:
338:
330:
328:
327:
317:
301:
299:
298:
289:
287:
286:
276:
274:
250:
246:
222:
216:
214:
192:
175:
169:
164:
139:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1805:
1803:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1627:
1626:External links
1624:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1557:Janusz Cisek,
1555:
1548:
1541:
1517:
1501:
1494:
1481:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1445:
1444:
1427:
1404:
1378:
1365:
1350:
1332:
1313:
1305:Raphael Mahler
1294:
1280:
1267:
1253:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1225:
1224:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1174:
1171:
1103:
1100:
1095:White Russians
1050:
1047:
963:
960:
821:
818:
768:
765:
757:Estonian marks
753:British pounds
696:Johan Laidoner
652:Northern Corps
603:
600:
562:Central Powers
525:
522:
488:Russian Empire
480:Zarasai County
464:
461:
459:
456:
415:
414:
411:
410:
408:
407:
406:
405:
395:
394:
393:
388:
378:
372:
370:
366:
365:
362:
358:
357:
354:
350:
349:
315:
314:Branch/service
311:
310:
283:Russian Empire
272:
268:
267:
263:
262:
249:(aged 57)
243:
239:
238:
236:Russian Empire
212:
208:
207:
203:
202:
199:
198:
195:
189:
188:
178:
172:
171:
161:
160:
154:
153:
150:
149:
141:
140:
137:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1804:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1603:, Toruń 1999.
1602:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1530:
1529:Zakorzenienie
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1511:(in Polish).
1510:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1495:83-904339-5-8
1491:
1487:
1482:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1167:national hero
1164:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1073:
1070:; 1931) and "
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:no-man's-land
994:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
969:
961:
959:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
875:
873:
869:
865:
864:
858:
850:
846:
842:
840:
836:
831:
827:
819:
817:
811:
807:
802:
798:
797:Baltic states
795:(BDR) in the
794:
782:
778:
773:
766:
764:
762:
761:Finnish marks
758:
754:
748:
745:
741:
737:
732:
730:
725:
720:
718:
714:
709:
705:
704:assault group
697:
692:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:Estonian Army
666:
662:
658:
653:
650:
649:White Russian
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
627:
623:
618:
614:
609:
601:
599:
597:
592:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
569:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
535:
531:
523:
521:
519:
513:
511:
506:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
475:
470:
462:
457:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
412:
404:
401:
400:
399:
396:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
382:
379:
377:
374:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
348:
343:
337:
326:
321:
316:
312:
308:
296:
284:
273:
269:
264:
261:
257:
253:
244:
240:
237:
233:
229:
225:
213:
209:
204:
200:
196:
190:
186:
182:
179:
173:
167:
162:
159:
155:
151:
147:
142:
135:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1533:. Retrieved
1528:
1512:
1508:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1468:
1452:
1430:
1422:the original
1417:
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1390:
1381:
1373:
1368:
1341:
1335:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1308:
1275:
1270:
1232:
1208:
1160:
1139:
1136:
1105:
1102:World War II
1092:
1075:
1067:
1052:
1039:
1028:
1009:
990:
971:
928:
904:
876:
867:
860:
854:
823:
805:
790:
785:Асобны атрад
749:
733:
721:
716:
703:
701:
630:
622:Leon Trotsky
605:
593:
578:
570:
559:
527:
514:
507:
504:
466:
444:World War II
419:
418:
369:Battles/wars
260:Nazi Germany
247:(1940-05-10)
193:Succeeded by
165:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
1667:1940 deaths
1662:1883 births
1471:(in Polish)
1442:, p. 133-4.
1397:6 September
1219:, Russian:
1187:, 4th class
1181:, 4th class
1106:During the
1049:Interbellum
729:Polish Army
685:Vastseliina
587:and one of
530:World War I
524:World War I
502:ethnicity.
472: [
450:and of the
424:World War I
347:Polish Army
309:(1919–1939)
297:(1918–1919)
285:(1914–1917)
245:10 May 1940
176:Preceded by
1656:Categories
1515:(5): 7–12.
1213:Belarusian
1148:Saska Kępa
1132:cease-fire
1076:Down With
978:cease fire
966:See also:
896:Wieledniki
872:Green Army
839:Daugavpils
810:Belarusian
781:Belarusian
755:; 250,000
719:– father.
617:Bolsheviks
500:Belarusian
463:Early life
438:, and the
271:Allegiance
217:1883-02-10
82:newspapers
1156:Francuska
1120:Służewiec
951:Lubieszów
884:Sławeczno
641:Petrograd
583:, one of
551:Sochaczew
510:Belmontas
496:Lithuania
458:Biography
356:1914–1939
166:In office
1609:See also
1500:(review)
1453:General:
1233:In-line:
1118:and the
1020:Rada BNR
1005:Rechytsa
939:matériel
937:and the
835:Dyneburg
626:Red Army
589:dragoons
469:Meikštai
185:in exile
112:May 2012
1535:24 June
1509:Sybirak
1475:24 June
1376:, p. 82
1152:Gestapo
1144:Gestapo
1128:Bielany
1124:Natolin
982:Entente
947:Polesie
924:Włodawa
912:Włodawa
890:of the
744:Polotsk
740:Porkhov
671:in the
657:Estonia
581:hussars
543:Cossack
486:in the
482:of the
364:General
224:Meyshty
96:scholar
1492:
1438:
1358:
1348:
1116:Służew
1084:Franco
1078:Hitler
1035:Slutsk
888:tabors
736:Ostrov
717:Bat'ko
713:ataman
683:, and
585:uhlans
566:Latvia
555:Warsaw
538:ensign
426:, the
307:Poland
280:
252:Warsaw
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1012:Mozyr
1001:Homel
955:Pinsk
837:(now
677:Tartu
645:Pskov
639:near
553:near
490:(now
476:]
103:JSTOR
89:books
1537:2006
1490:ISBN
1477:2006
1436:ISBN
1418:Niwa
1399:2021
1356:ISBN
1346:ISBN
1169:.
984:and
900:Styr
830:Riga
724:duma
708:Gdov
681:Võru
637:Luga
574:Riga
532:and
361:Rank
242:Died
211:Born
75:news
1074:" (
1066:" (
675:of
663:'s
494:in
58:by
1658::
1527:.
1523:.
1467:.
1416:.
1389:.
1354:.
1297:^
1283:^
1256:^
1244:^
1215::
1037:.
1007:.
926:.
812::
783::
679:,
628:.
568:.
557:.
520:.
474:lt
454:.
434:,
430:,
258:,
254:,
234:,
230:,
226:,
1539:.
1513:2
1498:.
1479:.
1401:.
1362:.
1138:(
808:(
711:"
698:.
219:)
215:(
187:)
183:(
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
