875:
1696:
1757:
1772:
856:
1708:
1665:
344:
1739:
1680:
49:
1034:
1724:
1649:
4358:
840:
1979:
1965:
936:. A week later, this little army gallantly attempted to force the Russian entrenchments, but was finally compelled to surrender. This was the first time that France and Russia had met as foes in the field. On 30 June 1735, Danzig capitulated unconditionally, after sustaining a siege of 135 days which cost the Russians 8,000 men.
713:
and a few score of noblemen on 12 July 1704. A few months later, Stanisław was forced by a sudden inroad of
Augustus II to seek refuge in the Swedish camp, but finally on 24 September 1705, he was crowned king with great splendor. Charles himself supplied his nominee with a new crown and scepter
702:, to supersede Augustus II, who was hostile towards the Swedes. Leszczyński was a young man of blameless antecedents, respectable talents, and came from an ancient family, but certainly without sufficient force of character or political influence to sustain himself on so unstable a throne.
4438:
529:. Despite the presence of Russian troops in the country, the Sejm, with support of the French, elected Stanisław to succeed Augustus II, while the Russians encouraged a group of break-away nobles to hold their own election, selecting instead
1896:
Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs de tous les temps et de tous les pays. Tome 2 / Par un groupe d'écrivains spécialistes français et étrangers ; sous la direction de e.
1695:
959:
to Paris to urge France to invade Saxony with at least 40,000 men. In
Ukraine too, Count Nicholas Potocki kept on foot to support Stanisław a motley host of 50,000 men, which was ultimately scattered by the Russians.
4413:
905:
was opposed to any nominee of France and Sweden. Russia protested against his election at once, in favor of the new
Elector of Saxony, son of the late king, as being the candidate of her Austrian ally.
4042:
475:
had supported Stanisław
Leszczyński for the throne, and after defeating a combined army of Saxon and Polish-Lithuanian forces, deposed August II and installed Leszczyński as Stanisław I in 1704.
4458:
874:
1756:
1042:
1679:
1664:
565:
was promulgated in 1738, whereby
Augustus III was officially recognized as King of Poland, and Stanisław was compensated for losing the throne a second time with the duchies of
1771:
1800:
1707:
4433:
1052:
Leszczyński died aged 88 in 1766 as a result of serious burns – his silk attire had caught fire from a spark while the King was asleep near the fireplace in his
2715:
456:
3422:
3160:
3533:
779:
The vast majority of Poles hastened to repudiate Stanisław and make their peace with
Augustus. Henceforth a mere pensioner of Charles XII, Stanisław accompanied
921:, where he was entrenched with his partisans (including the Primate and the French and Swedish ministers) to await the relief that had been promised by France.
1014:
490:. As a result, Augustus II returned to the throne, and while Charles served his exile in the Ottoman Empire, Stanisław accepted the rule of the tiny state of
2143:
641:
1999:
878:
1648:
699:
2344:
898:
706:
665:
526:
343:
4175:
1063:
561:. After two years of fighting across the entire continent, a ceasefire was declared in 1735. Stanislaus officially abdicated in January 1736, and the
4443:
3285:
3195:
1994:
1738:
1225:
1144:
633:
312:
897:, having traveled night and day through central Europe disguised as a coachman. On the following day, despite many protests, Stanisław was duly
3613:
889:
Stanislaw's son-in-law Louis XV supported his claims to the Polish throne after the death of
Augustus II the Strong in 1733, which led to the
855:
4428:
4393:
2479:
2474:
1969:
800:
1455:
1091:
645:
606:. When he died in 1766, his titles passed to his son-in-law, Louis XV. His retaking of the Polish throne in 1733 formed the backdrop for
322:
268:
4453:
3653:
3358:
2708:
1801:
https://www.academia.edu/23935174/The_Polish_Question_as_a_Political_Issue_within_Philosophical_Dispute_Leszczy%C5%84ski_versus_Rousseau
1005:
3002:
2998:
737:
206:
3153:
4180:
1813:
689:
4403:
3709:
3050:
2643:
2384:
1059:
on 5 February. He was medically treated for several days but died of wounds on 23 February. He was the longest living Polish king.
925:
2911:
2565:
2136:
4253:
4011:
3578:
3075:
2668:
1818:
804:
550:
1400:
4126:
3368:
2734:
2701:
444:
3558:
1723:
4361:
3790:
3699:
3437:
3146:
2570:
2099:
1491:
985:
2519:
996:, which became a centre of the arts and culture, drawing a number of personalities of the enlightenment including Madame
4228:
4185:
890:
546:
518:
2359:
882:
3755:
3603:
3108:
3089:
2834:
2791:
2759:
2739:
2129:
1046:
1008:, and devoted himself for the rest of his life to science and philanthropy, engaging most notably in controversy with
740:
engaged to assist Sweden against the
Russian tsar. Stanisław did what he could to assist his patron. Thus, he induced
2469:
4463:
4408:
4190:
3800:
3725:
3663:
3638:
3588:
3528:
1170:
1053:
993:
864:
759:
between Russia and Sweden, and Stanisław placed a small army corps at the disposal of the Swedes and was beaten in
2454:
732:
to King
Stanislaw to act as an ambassador and correspondence secretary. The Polish king's first act was to cement
4448:
4418:
3745:
3452:
3373:
3011:
2605:
2501:
2414:
2308:
440:
4398:
3785:
3750:
3319:
2782:
2496:
780:
767:(1709), his authority vanished as a dream at the first touch of reality. Stanisław then resided in the town of
533:, son of Augustus II, to the kingship. War broke out almost immediately, evolving into a proxy war between the
3553:
2950:
2419:
2364:
2334:
2324:
2169:
1001:
997:
705:
Nevertheless, with the assistance of a bribing fund and an army corps, the Swedes succeeded in procuring his
4423:
4016:
4006:
3983:
3948:
3730:
3694:
3618:
3040:
2633:
2534:
2449:
2319:
2292:
2251:
2160:
2152:
2079:
2075:
2056:
2052:
796:
733:
562:
491:
417:
413:
302:
69:
31:
4298:
4200:
4157:
3897:
3304:
3249:
3070:
3060:
2848:
2663:
2653:
2314:
2089:
2066:
2045:
1670:
918:
914:
828:
788:
669:
649:
530:
460:
256:
99:
3991:
2389:
868:
4083:
3869:
3808:
3704:
3215:
2984:
2595:
2524:
2394:
2369:
2241:
1714:
1009:
695:
599:
479:
401:
86:
3996:
2928:
1261:
791:, Stanisław abdicated the Polish Crown (though he retained the royal title) in exchange for the little
590:(Stanisław Square) named in his honour, much of which was developed during his reign. He also took up
48:
4388:
4383:
4348:
4208:
4170:
4142:
4121:
4021:
3765:
3735:
3563:
3278:
3169:
3045:
2969:
2750:
2638:
2575:
2557:
2489:
1097:
968:
On 26 January 1736, Stanisław again abdicated the throne but received in compensation the duchies of
820:
725:
603:
595:
591:
558:
507:
272:
1911:
1870:"The Polish Question as a Political Issue within Philosophical Dispute: Leszczyński versus Rousseau"
4091:
3775:
3648:
3623:
3543:
3512:
3020:
2979:
2974:
2887:
2613:
2590:
2585:
2424:
2399:
2374:
1517:
944:
760:
376:
365:
165:
1797:
The Polish
Question as a Political Issue within Philosophical Dispute: Leszczyński versus Rousseau
799:. In 1716, an assassination was attempted by a Saxon officer, Lacroix, but Stanisław was saved by
4101:
3963:
3953:
3938:
3928:
3882:
3770:
3314:
3035:
2960:
2904:
2628:
2542:
2409:
2353:
2329:
2302:
1990:
1612:
1101:
756:
608:
468:
432:
4073:
3593:
3242:
3030:
2623:
4306:
4147:
4111:
4106:
4068:
4058:
3907:
3823:
3818:
3760:
3608:
3598:
3568:
3363:
3220:
3055:
2916:
2648:
2547:
2404:
1067:
1045:, was born in 1762. In his last years, his close friend, the Hungarian-born Marshal of France
1033:
969:
784:
764:
653:
570:
542:
538:
522:
495:
483:
464:
452:
448:
436:
332:
263:
230:
226:
179:
4311:
4026:
3943:
3923:
3892:
3583:
3548:
3492:
2429:
2379:
2106:
1937:
1730:
939:
Disguised as a peasant, Stanisław had contrived to escape two days before. He reappeared at
534:
425:
143:
1894:
4116:
4001:
3877:
3839:
3658:
3502:
3497:
3299:
3205:
2459:
2444:
1075:
932:, and on 20 May 1735 the long-expected French fleet appeared and disembarked 2,400 men on
848:
752:
729:
586:
580:, and actively ruled Lorraine and Bar, sponsoring numerous public works projects. Nearby,
392:
381:
360:
241:
4165:
763:. However, Stanisław depended so entirely on the success of Charles' arms that after the
602:, and wrote philosophical treatises in his native Polish, making him a figure within the
4288:
4238:
4096:
3973:
3968:
3958:
3854:
3780:
3689:
3684:
3507:
3482:
3462:
3447:
3432:
3417:
3098:
3025:
2945:
2815:
2618:
2434:
2197:
2016:
1626:
1601:
902:
721:
613:
576:
While Duke of Lorraine, Stanisław lived out his remaining years at a country estate in
487:
472:
409:
65:
17:
2464:
4377:
4316:
4273:
4243:
4223:
3887:
3813:
3740:
3643:
3573:
3487:
3442:
3427:
3324:
3273:
3124:
2805:
2580:
2511:
2279:
1985:
1823:
1799:. Oriens Aliter. Journal for Culture and History of the Central and Eastern Europe. (
1763:
1634:
1607:
written by the Frenchman Alexandre Vincent Pineu-Duval in 1808, transformed into the
1022:
956:
952:
940:
617:
581:
397:
839:
4326:
4321:
4268:
4258:
4233:
4213:
3933:
3902:
3849:
3844:
3628:
3538:
3477:
3457:
3344:
3268:
1843:
973:
933:
792:
566:
553:
and Sweden, while the Habsburg faction was led by Austria and their allies Russia,
147:
136:
2269:
2236:
1686:
1056:
989:
577:
222:
4278:
4063:
3859:
3633:
3472:
3351:
3334:
3329:
3293:
2923:
1874:
Oriens Aliter. Journal for Culture and History of the Central and Eastern Europe
812:
741:
503:
421:
4283:
4263:
4248:
4218:
3467:
3378:
3235:
3210:
3200:
2867:
2858:
2218:
1018:, one of the most important political treatises of the Polish Enlightenment.
976:, which was to revert to France on his death. In 1738, he sold his estates of
929:
910:
710:
467:
to succeed John III in 1697 as August II. Russia's primary antagonist in the
3309:
3230:
2935:
2882:
2843:
2768:
2287:
2211:
2183:
948:
661:
1079:
443:
of Poland (which also included the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as part of the
245:
1964:
573:, both of which were nominally part of the Holy Roman Empire at the time.
3668:
3263:
3256:
2940:
2899:
2894:
2872:
2800:
2259:
2225:
2204:
1630:
824:
657:
511:
4439:
Polish–Lithuanian military personnel of the War of the Polish Succession
2693:
3138:
2877:
2297:
2190:
1655:
977:
881:
created Chancellor of Lorraine and Barrois by Stanislas I (painting by
768:
745:
716:
673:
637:
554:
498:
which was in personal union with Sweden and located near the region of
482:, Stanisław's main supporter, suffered a defeat by the Russians at the
297:
202:
175:
847:
in Nancy c. 1760 which was constructed during his rule, later renamed
3339:
2824:
2264:
2231:
2176:
2121:
1071:
981:
894:
816:
808:
807:). Forced to leave Deux-Ponts in 1719 after the death of Charles XII
748:
677:
499:
1869:
3225:
1984:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1608:
1032:
873:
854:
838:
629:
541:
dynasties and their supporters, with the Bourbon faction led by
3399:
3180:
3142:
2697:
2125:
1094:(25 May 1699 – 20 June 1717) died unmarried and childless.
1600:
Loosely based on an incident of King Stanisław's life are the
1041:
Stanisław was still alive when his great-great-granddaughter,
672:. In 1703 he joined the Lithuanian Confederation, which the
924:
The siege began in October 1734. On 17 March 1735, Marshal
819:. In 1725, he had the satisfaction of seeing his daughter
4414:
Secular senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
951:
to his partisans which resulted in the formation of a
728:
by Augustus. During this time the king of Sweden sent
917:
as king in Warsaw, proceeded to besiege Stanisław at
893:. On 11 September 1733, Stanisław himself arrived at
827:
of France. From 1725 to 1733, Stanisław lived at the
435:, multiple candidates had emerged after the death of
1701:
Statue at Place Stanislas in Nancy, unveiled in 1831
502:. After Charles's death in 1719, he moved to nearby
4297:
4199:
4156:
4135:
4082:
4051:
4035:
3982:
3916:
3868:
3832:
3799:
3718:
3677:
3521:
3410:
3097:
3088:
3010:
2997:
2959:
2857:
2833:
2814:
2790:
2781:
2758:
2749:
2604:
2556:
2533:
2509:
2488:
2343:
2278:
2250:
2159:
1658:
was rebuilt in 1700 by Pompeo Ferrari on his order.
338:
328:
318:
308:
296:
282:
262:
252:
236:
212:
189:
185:
171:
161:
153:
142:
132:
124:
113:
105:
95:
85:
75:
64:
41:
2003:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). pp. 775–776.
909:On 30 June 1734, a Russian army of 20,000 under
664:, he signed the confirmation of the articles of
486:, and was subsequently driven into exile in the
396:20 October 1677 – 23 February 1766), also
694:The following year, Stanisław was selected by
3154:
2709:
2137:
525:, foreign intrigue and influence plagued the
8:
3283:
3254:
3240:
1939:Złota księga szlachty polskiéj: Rocznik IVty
1037:Tomb of the king in Bonsecours Church, Nancy
955:on his behalf, and the despatch of a Polish
4459:18th-century Polish–Lithuanian philosophers
3349:
2684:indicates monarch of questioned historicity
1100:(23 June 1703 – 24 June 1768) married
3407:
3396:
3188:
3177:
3161:
3147:
3139:
3094:
3007:
2787:
2755:
2716:
2702:
2694:
2144:
2130:
2122:
2007:
1942:(in Polish). Jarosław Leitgeber. p. 1
1619:A One-Day Reign, or The Pretend Stanislaus
1125:
1116:
1108:His wife also suffered many miscarriages.
584:, the historic capital of Lorraine, has a
47:
38:
1064:Church of Notre-Dame-de-Bonsecours, Nancy
521:in 1733. As had happened on the death of
1912:"Stanisław Leszczyński - Szkolnictwo.pl"
1049:lived on his estate to provide company.
879:Antoine-Martin Chaumont de La Galaizière
811:, Stanisław Leszczyński then resided at
656:, who became Queen of France as wife of
4434:Polish people of the Great Northern War
1835:
1673:, where he lived between 1725 and 1733.
1644:
1621:, but often translated into English as
1000:. In Nancy in 1750 he founded both the
1471:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1241:
1134:
1130:
943:(where he briefly met the future King
709:by a scratch assembly of half a dozen
279:
1547:
1537:
1533:
1521:
1515:
1505:
1489:
1479:
1475:
1459:
1453:
1443:
1430:
1420:
1416:
1404:
1398:
1388:
1375:
1365:
1361:
1337:
1327:
1314:
1304:
1300:
1288:
1285:
1275:
1259:
1249:
1245:
1229:
1223:
1213:
1200:
1190:
1186:
1174:
1168:
1158:
1142:
1138:
517:The death of Augustus II sparked the
391:
375:
359:
7:
1074:and buried in the royal tomb of the
1043:Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria
809:in whose name he was Count Palatine
755:at the most critical period of the
594:, engaging in discourse with other
447:). Backed by powerful neighbors in
377:[staˈɲɪsɫɔvaslɛʃˈtʃɪŋskʲɪs]
1120:Ancestors of Stanisław Leszczyński
361:[staˈɲiswaflɛʂˈt͡ʂɨj̃skʲi]
25:
1070:his remains were brought back to
1015:Głos wolny wolność ubezpieczający
506:in Alsace. In 1725, his daughter
4357:
4356:
1977:
1963:
1770:
1755:
1737:
1722:
1706:
1694:
1678:
1663:
1647:
1315:11. Anna Aleksandra Koniecpolska
1006:Bibliothèque municipale de Nancy
947:of Prussia), whence he issued a
783:'s army corps in its retreat to
724:, which had been carried off to
342:
27:King of Poland from 1704 to 1709
4444:Polish people of German descent
1819:History of philosophy in Poland
1689:was established by him in 1745.
915:Frederick Augustus II of Saxony
531:Frederick Augustus II of Saxony
2735:List of early Lithuanian dukes
1844:"Stanisław I - king of Poland"
926:Burkhard Christoph von Münnich
901:for the second time. However,
738:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
445:Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth
288:Stanisław Bogusław Leszczyński
207:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
157:9 July 1737 – 23 February 1766
1:
1883:– via www.academia.edu.
1868:Květina, Jan (January 2014).
1814:History of Poland (1569–1795)
1745:
1492:Aleksander Dominik Kazanowski
690:Civil war in Poland (1704–06)
680:had formed against Augustus.
652:, by whom he had a daughter,
632:) in 1677, he was the son of
54:
4429:17th-century Polish nobility
4394:18th-century Polish monarchs
3286:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
3076:Stanisław August Poniatowski
2669:Stanisław August Poniatowski
891:War of the Polish Succession
734:an alliance with Charles XII
519:War of the Polish Succession
393:[stanislaslɛɡzɛ̃ski]
3255:
3051:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
2740:List of Lithuanian monarchs
2644:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
2385:Władysław III Spindleshanks
1936:Żychliński, Teodor (1882).
1790:Polka na francuskim tronie.
1788:Zieliński, Ryszard (1978).
1047:Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny
992:where he held court at the
964:Duke of Lorraine and of Bar
803:(father of the future king
789:the restoration of Augustus
620:, which premiered in 1840.
4480:
4454:Burials at Wawel Cathedral
1615:, ossia Il finto Stanislao
1465:
1355:
1235:
1132:
986:Alexander Joseph Sułkowski
700:Swedish invasion of Poland
687:
646:Anna Katarzyna Jabłonowska
80:12 July 1704 – 8 July 1709
29:
4343:
3406:
3395:
3300:Methodological skepticism
3191:
3187:
3176:
3122:
2729:
2677:
2475:Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania
2354:Senior or Supreme Princes
2104:
2096:
2086:
2073:
2063:
2050:
2042:
2037:
2010:
1535:
1527:
1499:
1477:
1473:
1437:
1418:
1410:
1401:Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski
1382:
1363:
1359:
1321:
1302:
1294:
1269:
1247:
1243:
1207:
1188:
1180:
1152:
1136:
1062:Originally buried in the
373:Lithuanian pronunciation:
287:
278:
46:
4404:Grand dukes of Lithuania
2783:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2470:Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
1970:Stanislaus I Leszczyński
1685:Église Saint-Jacques in
984:to Count (later Prince)
823:become queen consort of
30:Not to be confused with
2450:Dukes of Greater Poland
2080:Grand Duke of Lithuania
2057:Grand Duke of Lithuania
2000:Encyclopædia Britannica
1848:Encyclopedia Britannica
684:King for the first time
612:, an opera by composer
494:, a small state of the
416:, and at various times
414:Grand Duke of Lithuania
353:Stanisław I Leszczyński
70:Grand Duke of Lithuania
18:Stanisław I Leszczyński
3350:
3284:
3250:Enlightened absolutism
3241:
3061:Augustus II the Strong
2654:Augustus II the Strong
2571:Władysław III of Varna
2455:Dukes of Little Poland
2360:Władysław II the Exile
2315:Casimir I the Restorer
2309:Bolesław the Forgotten
2012:Stanisław Leszczyński
1340:Stanislaus I of Poland
1038:
1021:His court painter was
899:elected King of Poland
886:
883:François-André Vincent
871:
852:
835:King for a second time
670:Augustus II the Strong
385:
370:Stanislovas Leščinskis
369:
273:Marie, Queen of France
3216:Counter-Enlightenment
3066:Stanisław Leszczyński
3026:Anna the Jagiellonian
2985:Sigismund II Augustus
2951:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
2724:Monarchs of Lithuania
2596:Sigismund II Augustus
2566:Władysław II Jagiełło
2543:Louis I the Hungarian
2525:Casimir III the Great
2420:Bolesław V the Chaste
2395:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
2365:Bolesław IV the Curly
2335:Bolesław III Wrymouth
2242:Piast the Wheelwright
2115:Annexation by France
1972:at Wikimedia Commons
1795:Květina, Jan (2014).
1777:Personal coat of arms
1715:Jean-Baptiste van Loo
1036:
1002:Académie de Stanislas
877:
867:in 1742, painting by
858:
842:
801:Stanisław Poniatowski
696:Charles XII of Sweden
688:Further information:
600:Jean Jacques Rousseau
480:Charles XII of Sweden
389:French pronunciation:
357:Polish pronunciation:
3170:Age of Enlightenment
3090:Kingdom of Lithuania
3071:August III the Saxon
3046:John II Casimir Vasa
2751:Kingdom of Lithuania
2639:John II Casimir Vasa
2558:Jagiellonian dynasty
2520:Władysław I Łokietek
2320:Bolesław II the Bold
2293:Bolesław I the Brave
2017:House of Leszczyński
1762:King Stanisław I by
1171:Bogusław Leszczyński
1012:. He also published
994:Château de Lunéville
913:, after proclaiming
865:Château de Lunéville
797:Palatine Zweibrücken
775:First loss of throne
662:Cup-bearer of Poland
604:Polish Enlightenment
592:political philosophy
549:, with their allies
492:Palatine Zweibrücken
418:Prince of Deux-Ponts
117:12 September 1733 –
32:Stanisław Leszczycki
4176:Feijóo y Montenegro
4127:Vorontsova-Dashkova
3021:Henry III of Valois
2980:Sigismund I the Old
2859:House of Gediminids
2591:Sigismund I the Old
2535:Capet-Anjou dynasty
2425:Leszek II the Black
2415:Bolesław the Horned
2375:Casimir II the Just
2370:Mieszko III the Old
2100:Francis III Stephen
1991:Bain, Robert Nisbet
1671:Château de Chambord
1633:written in 1818 by
1518:Marianna Kazanowska
1376:12. Jan Jabłonowski
1286:5. Anna von Dönhoff
1201:9. Anna Radzimińska
945:Frederick the Great
869:Laurent Charpentier
829:Château de Chambord
805:Stanisław II August
761:Battle of Koniecpol
698:after a successful
650:Katarzyna Opalińska
461:Augustus the Strong
386:Stanislas Leczinski
257:Catherine Opalińska
166:Francis III Stephen
3315:Natural philosophy
3036:Sigismund III Vasa
2961:House of Jagiellon
2835:House of Mindaugas
2792:House of Mindaugas
2760:House of Mindaugas
2629:Sigismund III Vasa
2480:Dukes of Pomerania
2410:Henry II the Pious
2325:Władysław I Herman
2303:Mieszko II Lambert
2153:Monarchs of Poland
1916:www.szkolnictwo.pl
1613:Un giorno di regno
1431:13. Anna Ostroróga
1262:Kaspar von Dönhoff
1102:Louis XV of France
1039:
998:Émilie du Châtelet
887:
872:
853:
757:Great Northern War
642:Poznań Voivodeship
628:Born in Lwów (now
609:Un giorno di regno
469:Great Northern War
433:Great Northern War
4464:Burials in France
4409:Dukes of Lorraine
4371:
4370:
4339:
4338:
4335:
4334:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3364:Scientific method
3221:Critical thinking
3136:
3135:
3118:
3117:
3084:
3083:
3056:John III Sobieski
3041:Ladislaus IV Vasa
2999:Polish–Lithuanian
2993:
2992:
2932:
2920:
2908:
2891:
2816:House of Monomakh
2777:
2776:
2691:
2690:
2649:John III Sobieski
2634:Władysław IV Vasa
2606:Elective monarchy
2490:Přemyslid dynasty
2405:Henry the Bearded
2120:
2119:
2087:Succeeded by
2064:Succeeded by
1968:Media related to
1605:Le faux Stanislas
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1226:Rafał Leszczyński
1145:Rafał Leszczyński
1068:French Revolution
785:Swedish Pomerania
765:Battle of Poltava
634:Rafał Leszczyński
523:John III Sobieski
508:Marie Leszczyńska
496:Holy Roman Empire
484:Battle of Poltava
465:Elector of Saxony
441:elective kingship
437:John III Sobieski
350:
349:
333:Roman Catholicism
313:Rafał Leszczyński
292:
291:
231:Holy Roman Empire
227:Duchy of Lorraine
180:Kingdom of France
16:(Redirected from
4471:
4449:Deaths from fire
4419:People from Lviv
4360:
4359:
3408:
3397:
3355:
3289:
3260:
3246:
3189:
3178:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3140:
3095:
3008:
2970:Casimir Jagellon
2926:
2914:
2902:
2885:
2788:
2756:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2695:
2465:Dukes of Kuyavia
2460:Dukes of Masovia
2445:Dukes of Silesia
2430:Henryk IV Probus
2390:Władysław Odonic
2380:Leszek the White
2146:
2139:
2132:
2123:
2107:Duke of Lorraine
2097:Preceded by
2043:Preceded by
2033:
2032:23 February 1766
2026:
2008:
2004:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1967:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1933:
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1856:
1854:
1840:
1774:
1759:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1731:Hyacinthe Rigaud
1726:
1710:
1698:
1682:
1667:
1651:
1629:, to an Italian
1548:15. Anna Potocka
1456:Anna Jabłonowska
1126:
1117:
1066:, following the
988:. He settled at
859:Festival at the
843:Painting of the
676:with the aid of
598:figures such as
426:Duke of Lorraine
395:
390:
379:
374:
363:
358:
346:
323:Anna Jabłonowska
280:
269:Anna Leszczyńska
219:
216:23 February 1766
199:
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144:Duke of Lorraine
120:
81:
59:
56:
51:
39:
21:
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4399:Kings of Poland
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4353:
4331:
4293:
4195:
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4131:
4078:
4047:
4043:Carvalho e Melo
4031:
3978:
3912:
3864:
3828:
3795:
3714:
3673:
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3383:
3369:Spanish America
3243:Encyclopédistes
3206:Civil liberties
3183:
3172:
3167:
3137:
3132:
3114:
3080:
3031:Stephen Báthory
3001:
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2614:Henry of Valois
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2027:
2025:20 October 1677
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1783:Further reading
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1114:
1088:
1076:Wawel Cathedral
1031:
966:
849:Place Stanislas
837:
777:
753:Peter the Great
730:Peter Estenberg
720:of the ancient
692:
686:
644:, and Princess
626:
616:and librettist
587:Place Stanislas
563:Peace of Vienna
388:
372:
356:
271:
248:
242:Wawel Cathedral
221:
217:
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200:20 October 1677
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119:26 January 1736
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3551:
3546:
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3523:
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3518:
3516:
3515:
3513:Wollstonecraft
3510:
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3181:
3174:
3173:
3168:
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3158:
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3143:
3134:
3133:
3125:Titular rulers
3123:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3104:
3102:
3099:House of Urach
3092:
3086:
3085:
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3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
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3053:
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2706:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2619:Anna Jagiellon
2616:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2588:
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2578:
2573:
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2506:
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2502:Wenceslaus III
2499:
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2256:
2254:
2252:Proto-historic
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2076:King of Poland
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2053:King of Poland
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2038:Regnal titles
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1959:External links
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1627:Giuseppe Verdi
1623:King for a Day
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1596:Play and opera
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1104:and had issue.
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1027:
965:
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863:grotto of the
836:
833:
776:
773:
722:Polish regalia
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660:. In 1697, as
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614:Giuseppe Verdi
488:Ottoman Empire
410:King of Poland
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89:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
66:King of Poland
62:
61:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4476:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4363:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4342:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4299:United States
4296:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4059:Budai-Deleanu
4057:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3423:Ashley-Cooper
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3398:
3394:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:Progressivism
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:Individualism
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3159:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2719:
2714:
2712:
2707:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:John I Albert
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2512:Piast dynasty
2508:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:Wenceslaus II
2495:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2345:Fragmentation
2342:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2280:Piast dynasty
2277:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2009:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1995:Stanislaus I.
1992:
1987:
1986:public domain
1975:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1958:
1941:
1940:
1932:
1929:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1890:
1887:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1829:
1825:
1824:List of Poles
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1764:Antoine Pesne
1758:
1753:
1740:
1735:
1732:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1704:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1635:Felice Romani
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1595:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
963:
961:
958:
954:
953:confederation
950:
946:
942:
937:
935:
931:
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
907:
904:
900:
896:
892:
884:
880:
876:
870:
866:
862:
857:
851:in his honour
850:
846:
841:
834:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
774:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:
712:
708:
703:
701:
697:
691:
683:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
648:. He married
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
623:
621:
619:
618:Felice Romani
615:
611:
610:
605:
601:
597:
596:Enlightenment
593:
589:
588:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:Sejm election
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
387:
383:
378:
371:
367:
362:
354:
345:
341:
337:
334:
331:
327:
324:
321:
317:
314:
311:
307:
304:
301:
299:
295:
286:
281:
277:
274:
270:
267:
265:
261:
258:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
232:
228:
224:
215:
211:
208:
204:
192:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174:
170:
167:
164:
160:
156:
152:
149:
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
90:
88:
84:
78:
74:
71:
67:
63:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4347:
4092:Catherine II
3544:Beaumarchais
3374:Universality
3345:Reductionism
3292:
3269:Human rights
3128:
3109:Mindaugas II
3107:
3065:
3003:Commonwealth
2681:
2664:Augustus III
2658:
2441:
2352:
2307:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2114:
2105:
2090:Augustus III
2074:
2051:
2029:
2022:
2015:
1998:
1962:
1944:. Retrieved
1938:
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1915:
1906:
1895:
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1873:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1847:
1838:
1796:
1789:
1729:Portrait by
1713:Portrait by
1622:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1599:
1339:
1107:
1061:
1051:
1040:
1020:
1013:
967:
938:
934:Westerplatte
923:
908:
888:
860:
845:Place Royale
844:
793:Principality
778:
751:, to desert
736:whereby the
715:
704:
693:
627:
607:
585:
575:
516:
477:
430:
408:, was twice
406:Stanislaus I
405:
352:
351:
218:(1766-02-23)
137:Augustus III
36:
4424:Leszczyński
4389:1766 deaths
4384:1677 births
4349:Romanticism
4171:Charles III
4012:Poniatowski
3949:Leeuwenhoek
3929:de la Court
3917:Netherlands
3761:Mendelssohn
3756:Lichtenberg
3634:Montesquieu
3352:Sapere aude
3335:Rationalism
3330:Rationality
3320:Objectivity
3014:(1569–1795)
2963:(1440–1569)
2946:Švitrigaila
2861:(1285–1440)
2837:(1269–1285)
2818:(1267–1269)
2794:(1263–1267)
2762:(1236–1263)
2659:Stanisław I
2435:Przemysł II
2067:Augustus II
2046:Augustus II
1749: 1750
1717:, 1727–1728
928:superseded
813:Wissembourg
742:Ivan Mazepa
514:of France.
504:Wissembourg
431:During the
422:Duke of Bar
303:Leszczyński
162:Predecessor
128:Augustus II
125:Predecessor
109:Augustus II
100:Augustus II
96:Predecessor
58: 1706
42:Stanisław I
4378:Categories
4191:Villarroel
4186:Jovellanos
4122:Radishchev
4069:Micu-Klein
4007:Niemcewicz
3974:Swammerdam
3964:Nieuwentyt
3954:Mandeville
3809:Farmakidis
3695:Burlamaqui
3604:La Mettrie
3579:Fontenelle
3534:d'Argenson
3529:d'Alembert
3453:Harrington
3379:Utopianism
3279:Liberalism
3236:Empiricism
3211:Classicism
3201:Capitalism
2868:Butigeidis
2806:Vaišvilkas
2576:Casimir IV
2219:Leszko III
2111:1737–1766
2084:1733–1736
2061:1704–1709
1830:References
1792:Czytelnik.
1654:Castle in
1023:André Joly
941:Königsberg
930:Peter Lacy
911:Peter Lacy
711:castellans
624:Early life
398:Anglicized
366:Lithuanian
196:1677-10-20
87:Coronation
4312:Jefferson
4254:Hutcheson
4143:Obradović
4112:Lomonosov
4107:Kheraskov
4017:Śniadecki
3781:Weishaupt
3776:Thomasius
3766:Pufendorf
3609:Lavoisier
3594:d'Holbach
3589:Helvétius
3569:Descartes
3564:Condorcet
3559:Condillac
3493:Priestley
3310:Modernity
3231:Democracy
2975:Alexander
2936:Skirgaila
2883:Gediminas
2849:Daumantas
2844:Traidenis
2769:Mindaugas
2586:Alexander
2510:Restored
2442:See also:
2288:Mieszko I
2270:Siemomysł
2237:Chościsko
2232:Popiel II
2212:Leszko II
2184:Krakus II
2161:Legendary
1993:(1911). "
1946:August 1,
1921:April 11,
1879:April 11,
1853:April 11,
1687:Lunéville
1057:Lunéville
1054:palace in
990:Lunéville
949:manifesto
578:Lunéville
478:In 1709,
402:Latinized
339:Signature
223:Lunéville
178:into the
176:Escheated
172:Successor
133:Successor
114:2nd reign
106:Successor
76:1st reign
53:Portrait
4362:Category
4307:Franklin
4274:Playfair
4244:Ferguson
4201:Scotland
4148:Mrazović
4102:Kantemir
4097:Fonvizin
4036:Portugal
4002:Krasicki
3997:Konarski
3992:Kołłątaj
3944:Koerbagh
3893:Genovesi
3878:Beccaria
3840:Berkeley
3771:Schiller
3736:Humboldt
3710:Saussure
3705:Rousseau
3669:Voltaire
3624:Maréchal
3599:Jaucourt
3554:Châtelet
3549:Chamfort
3498:Reynolds
3401:Thinkers
3305:Midlands
3294:Lumières
3264:Humanism
3257:Haskalah
2941:Vytautas
2924:Kęstutis
2900:Algirdas
2895:Jaunutis
2873:Butvydas
2801:Treniota
2400:Konrad I
2330:Zbigniew
2260:Siemowit
2226:Popiel I
2205:Leszko I
2177:Krakus I
1808:See also
1631:libretto
1112:Ancestry
1086:Children
1010:Rousseau
970:Lorraine
825:Louis XV
707:election
674:Sapiehas
666:election
658:Louis XV
571:Lorraine
551:Sardinia
539:Habsburg
512:Louis XV
510:married
459:elected
439:for the
329:Religion
4317:Madison
4289:Stewart
4229:Burnett
4224:Boswell
4209:Beattie
4181:Moratín
4166:Cadalso
4117:Novikov
4052:Romania
4027:Wybicki
4022:Staszic
3969:Spinoza
3939:Huygens
3934:Grotius
3888:Galvani
3883:Galiani
3833:Ireland
3814:Feraios
3786:Wieland
3751:Lessing
3746:Leibniz
3719:Germany
3700:Prévost
3685:Abauzit
3649:Quesnay
3639:Morelly
3629:Meslier
3614:Leclerc
3574:Diderot
3463:Johnson
3438:Collins
3433:Bentham
3418:Addison
3411:England
3359:Science
3196:Atheism
3129:italics
3127:are in
3012:Elected
2912:Jogaila
2878:Vytenis
2682:Italics
2548:Jadwiga
2298:Bezprym
2191:Lech II
1988::
1897:Bénézit
1656:Rydzyna
1641:Gallery
978:Rydzyna
972:and of
781:Krassow
769:Rydzyna
746:Cossack
717:in lieu
638:voivode
555:Prussia
535:Bourbon
453:Austria
4269:Newton
4259:Hutton
4239:Cullen
4136:Serbia
4084:Russia
4074:Șincai
3984:Poland
3924:Bekker
3898:Pagano
3860:Toland
3824:Korais
3819:Kairis
3801:Greece
3731:Herder
3726:Goethe
3690:Bonnet
3678:Geneva
3664:Turgot
3654:Raynal
3644:Pascal
3584:Gouges
3522:France
3508:Tindal
3503:Sidney
3478:Newton
3473:Milton
3448:Godwin
3443:Gibbon
3340:Reason
3182:Topics
3101:(1918)
2929:family
2917:family
2905:family
2888:family
2825:Shvarn
2347:period
2265:Lestek
2170:Lech I
2028:
1982:
1080:Kraków
1072:Poland
982:Leszno
919:Danzig
903:Russia
895:Warsaw
885:, 1788
861:Rocher
817:Alsace
749:hetman
744:, the
726:Saxony
678:Sweden
559:Saxony
557:, and
543:France
500:Alsace
473:Sweden
455:, the
449:Russia
382:French
319:Mother
309:Father
253:Spouse
246:Kraków
237:Burial
4327:Paine
4322:Mason
4284:Smith
4234:Burns
4219:Blair
4214:Black
4158:Spain
4064:Maior
3959:Meyer
3903:Verri
3870:Italy
3855:Swift
3850:Burke
3845:Boyle
3791:Wolff
3619:Mably
3539:Bayle
3488:Price
3468:Locke
3458:Hooke
3428:Bacon
3226:Deism
2198:Wanda
2030:Died:
2023:Born:
1625:) by
1609:opera
1098:Maria
1029:Death
957:envoy
821:Maria
787:. On
654:Maria
582:Nancy
547:Spain
298:House
283:Names
264:Issue
154:Reign
4279:Reid
4264:Mill
4249:Hume
3908:Vico
3741:Kant
3659:Sade
3483:Pope
1948:2018
1923:2019
1881:2019
1855:2019
1602:play
1490:14.
1260:10.
1092:Anna
1004:and
980:and
630:Lviv
569:and
545:and
537:and
457:Sejm
451:and
424:and
412:and
400:and
213:Died
203:Lwów
190:Born
146:and
1997:".
1516:7.
1454:3.
1399:6.
1338:1.
1224:2.
1169:4.
1143:8.
1078:in
974:Bar
815:in
795:of
668:of
640:of
567:Bar
404:as
148:Bar
4380::
1914:.
1872:.
1846:.
1746:c.
1637:.
1082:.
1025:.
831:.
771:.
636:,
471:,
463:,
428:.
420:,
384::
380:;
368::
364:;
244:,
229:,
225:,
205:,
55:c.
4351:→
3162:e
3155:t
3148:v
3131:.
2931:)
2927:(
2919:)
2915:(
2907:)
2903:(
2890:)
2886:(
2717:e
2710:t
2703:v
2145:e
2138:t
2131:v
1950:.
1925:.
1900:.
1857:.
1803:)
1617:(
355:(
198:)
194:(
34:.
20:)
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