610:
enough. "The worst aspect of this situation is Kosior's silence," he told
Kaganovich, when other leading Ukrainian communists pleaded for help. When Kosior submitted a formal request for relief to the Politburo in Moscow, in June, it was turned down flat, and Kaganovich warned him his "mistakes" would be held as an example to other regional party leaders of how not to do their job. This was because Kosior's attempt to find an accommodation between Moscow's demands and the crisis in the countryside had turned Stalin against him. He told Kaganovich that Kosior was "manoeuvring" and engaging in "rotten diplomacy" and being "criminally frivolous." He considered sacking Kosior and sending Kaganovich in his place. However, Kosior and his deputy,
388:
589:(of which he had been a member since 1926) he blamed the failure on middle ranking officials and party members who listened to the complaints of peasants that the quotas were too high. "Not only did they not fight; not only did they fail to organise the collective farm masses in the struggle for bread against the class enemy, they often followed along with this peasant mood", he said.
618:
1244:
42:
687:, who was told by Stalin that Kosior "wasn't doing a good job". Khrushchev wrote in his memoirs that he objected to the transfer, partly because he liked Kosior, whom he described as "a fairly mild-mannered person, pleasant and intelligent", but Stalin overruled him. Kosior was appointed head of the Soviet Control Office and deputy prime minister of the
1453:
1285:
177:
173:
3118:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
479:
and quickly became the head of the party's local branch. He was arrested and sacked from his job later that year, and the following year felt obliged to leave the area due to police activity. He used connections to get re-appointed at the Sulin factory in 1909 but was soon arrested again and deported
755:
Kosior was one of four brothers. The oldest, Vladislav Kosior, and one of his younger brothers, Iosif Kosior, were also active communists. Vladislav was executed during the purges and Joseph died of an illness in 1937. Kosior's wife, Elizaveta, was arrested on 3 March 1938, accused of being the wife
609:
In April 1932, after touring the countryside, Kosior wrote to Stalin to say that there had been trouble from hungry peasants refusing to sow grain, and delicately requested that food be sent to
Ukraine, which prompted an angry rejection, and seemingly made Stalin suspect that Kosior was not ruthless
734:
They sat Kosior in a chair. He sat there depressed; it was obvious he had been through a lot. "Well talk!" "What can I say?" Kosior replied. "You know I'm a Polish spy." ... Then Stalin remarked triumphantly: "There, you see, Petrovsky, and you didn't believe Kosior became a spy. Now do you believe
601:
co-signed a decree "On Seed", directing local committees to deny any seed aid to
Ukraine's collective farms; on 17 March he signed a decree "On seed reserves", which led to increased repression of peasants who were resisting the confiscation of grain; and on 29 March, he pushed through a decree "On
596:
to direct the confiscation of grain in the regions. The fact that he imposed this measure, "in spite of starvation in
Ukrainian villages", was the first several examples cited by the Kyiv Court of Appeal in its 2010 resolution that judged Kosior to have been complicit in genocide. The court also
3103:
3098:
3113:
3108:
3093:
3088:
668:, in August 1936, were forced to confess that they plotted to assassinate. Five of the lists of people to be executed early in the purge were cosigned by him. At a plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU in December 1936, he delivered a personal attack on
1988:
1750:
1592:
1444:
1276:
219:
2923:
2918:
710:, who was ordered to force a confession out of him. Under interrogation, Kosior withstood brutal tortures, including being interrogated for 14 hours at a time, but cracked when his sixteen-year-old daughter Tamara was brought into the room and
226:
3148:
1585:
1437:
1269:
1974:
1736:
1578:
1430:
1262:
2910:
2556:
3068:
2275:
3023:
223:
1601:
586:
560:
199:
2794:
2789:
2784:
556:
3048:
3038:
756:
of a counter-revolutionary, and shot on 3 August 1938. Their daughter, Tamara (1922–1938), who was raped in front of her father, committed suicide by throwing herself in front of a train.
699:
574:. After the harvest in 1931, Kosior knew that collectivisation was causing a catastrophic fall in agricultural output in Ukraine – visiting Moscow in August, he warned Stalin's deputy,
1114:"Доклад Комиссии ЦК КПСС Президиуму ЦК КПСС по установлению причин массовых репрессий против членов и кандидатов в члены ЦК ВКП(б), избранных на ХVII съезде партии. 9 февраля 1956 г."
2268:
2535:
571:
424:
180:
2565:
3028:
1997:
1759:
552:
56:
2261:
416:
2973:
727:
695:
1981:
1743:
3078:
2548:
2544:
719:
592:
On Stalin's orders, Kosior pushed through a decree "On grain procurements" on 15 January 1932, which increased the power of the central government in
582:(nearly three million tons) of grain, but Kaganovich blamed the problem on mass theft by Ukrainian peasants and forced Kosior to follow this opinion.
3073:
3058:
3033:
2528:
3063:
2967:
2725:
2324:
60:
2294:
476:
1028:
908:
858:
334:
387:
2987:
2961:
1966:
2521:
2329:
532:
346:
1728:
536:
420:
644:
In
November, Kosior delivered a speech blaming the trouble in the countryside on Ukrainian nationalists. In 1935, he was awarded the
1053:
883:
823:
2715:
2401:
2710:
816:
The
Industrialisation of Soviet Russia, volume 1: The Socialist Offensive, The Collectivisation of Soviet agriculture, 1929–1930
3153:
2720:
564:
567:. In February 1930, he declared that Ukraine would be "completely collectivised in the course of the spring sowing campaign."
3083:
1145:
798:
1836:
1797:
672:, who had been the leading opponent of collectivisation, calling him a liar. At the next plenum, he called for Bukharin and
1570:
1422:
1254:
2513:
535:. He was head of the Siberian branch of the CPSU from March 1922 to December 1925. In January 1926, he was appointed a
1717:
1672:
1554:
1539:
1523:
1300:
634:
1248:
2955:
2943:
928:"Resolution of the court Ukraine Kyiv Court of Appeal 2-A Solomyanska Street, Kyiv ruling in the name of Ukraine"
3043:
2949:
3053:
2603:
2397:
1844:
1802:
744:
528:
118:
2491:
2681:
2191:
2031:
2749:
2479:
2362:
1201:
3018:
3013:
2238:
2108:
1829:
1086:"Special Report to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ("The Secret Speech""
3119:
Candidates of the
Central Committee of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
2756:
1085:
3144:
Members of the
Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
3139:
Members of the
Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
3134:
Members of the
Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
3129:
Members of the Central Committee of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
3124:
Members of the Central Committee of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
2992:
2501:
2444:
2156:
2112:
2050:
1518:
1340:
614:, met Stalin, who agreed to reduce Ukraine's grain quota. That seemed to settle their differences.
504:
444:
273:
1227:
2742:
2609:
2467:
2449:
2429:
2367:
2307:
2175:
1920:
1807:
1636:
1631:
1621:
1498:
1493:
1468:
1335:
1330:
1305:
760:
520:
130:
1646:
1503:
1386:
790:
784:
739:
Kosior was sentenced to death on 26 February 1939 by shooting and shot the same day by General
3104:
Candidates of the Politburo of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
2693:
2663:
2651:
2639:
2495:
2387:
2312:
1951:
1925:
1910:
1866:
1812:
1697:
1549:
1411:
1376:
1141:
1049:
1024:
904:
879:
854:
819:
794:
715:
684:
460:
95:
3099:
Members of the Secretariat of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
927:
2687:
2669:
2645:
2633:
2627:
2615:
2597:
2439:
2382:
2377:
2352:
2219:
2203:
2162:
2098:
2080:
2056:
2037:
1687:
1677:
1616:
1488:
1473:
1325:
1310:
846:
669:
575:
508:
404:
153:
83:
3114:
Members of the Politburo of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
3109:
Members of the Politburo of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
730:, who refused to believe that Kosior was guilty. As Petrovsky described the meeting later:
2657:
2621:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2473:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2253:
2151:
2084:
2026:
1702:
1692:
1626:
1544:
1478:
1381:
1371:
1350:
1315:
630:
611:
3094:
Members of the Orgburo of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
3089:
Members of the Orgburo of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
714:
in front of him. After he had been broken, he was called to Stalin's office, to confront
563:, in November 1929, he argued that collectivisation was the only way to make progress in
694:
Kosior was arrested and stripped of all Party posts on 3 May 1938. During Khrushchev's "
2485:
2357:
2302:
2225:
2094:
1946:
1915:
1656:
1406:
1396:
740:
645:
626:
448:
307:
277:
165:
1006:
Report of Court Proceedings in the Case of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Centre
3007:
2675:
2285:
2146:
2021:
1651:
1513:
1345:
1176:
780:
665:
657:
638:
540:
456:
324:
2409:
1682:
1641:
1508:
1483:
1401:
1320:
688:
673:
617:
314:
297:
440:
269:
2434:
1859:
1712:
1707:
1559:
1391:
1355:
703:
661:
622:
598:
428:
41:
2372:
472:
370:
338:
664:. He was one of eight Soviet leaders whom the defendants at the first of the
1998:
3rd Politburo and 3rd Orgburo of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine
1760:
4th Politburo and 4th Orgburo of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine
993:
Guide to the history of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898 – 1991
992:
512:
492:, where he organized local communist cells. In 1915, he was arrested by the
452:
1243:
850:
1008:. Moscow: People's Commissariat of Justice of the USSR. 1936. p. 37.
524:
840:
603:
593:
497:
493:
489:
468:
464:
1046:
The Road to Terror, Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks
680:
602:
Polissia", under which 5,000 peasant families were deported from the
531:, he moved back to Russia, where in 1920, he became Secretary of the
481:
293:
3149:
First secretaries of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)
711:
616:
516:
375:
759:
Kosior's son, Vladimir Stanislavovich, born in 1922, died in the
1113:
707:
579:
527:
and Ukraine, where he worked for the Bolshevik cause. After the
485:
2517:
2257:
1970:
1732:
1574:
1426:
1258:
1228:
https://www.geni.com/people/Vladimir-Kosior/6000000074365304972
1602:
15th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1454:
16th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1286:
17th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1160:
Let History Judge, The Origins and Consequences of Stalinism
587:
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
561:
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
411:; 18 November 1889 – 26 February 1939), sometimes spelled
1021:
The House of Government, A Saga of the Russian Revolution
702:
in 1956, he disclosed that Kosior's case was handled by
648:"for remarkable success in the field of agriculture".
553:
General Secretary of the Ukrainian SSR Communist Party
427:(CPSU). He and his wife were both executed during the
3069:
People's commissars and ministers of the Soviet Union
3024:
Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union) politicians
874:
Davies, R.W.; Khlevniuk, Oleg V.; Rees, E.A. (2003).
480:
to the Pavlovsk mine. In 1913, he was transferred to
818:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard U.P. pp. 165, 242.
706:, a particularly notorious torturer employed by the
572:
Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
557:
decision to drive the peasants onto collective farms
425:
Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2936:
2909:
2902:
2878:
2777:
2770:
2734:
2703:
2564:
2555:
2458:
2396:
2321:
2293:
2212:
2184:
2139:
2130:
2073:
2014:
2005:
1934:
1889:
1880:
1821:
1776:
1767:
1665:
1609:
1532:
1461:
1364:
1293:
523:Kosior moved to the German-controlled areas of the
382:
369:
361:
353:
330:
320:
303:
283:
252:
247:
217:
197:
171:
159:
147:
124:
112:
89:
77:
55:
23:
676:to be arrested but voted against executing them.
3049:Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
578:, that there would be a shortfall of 170 million
417:First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine
3039:People from the Russian Empire of Polish descent
1093:Khrushchev's Secret Speech – Full Annotated Text
878:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 55.
1023:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton U.P. p. 755.
732:
728:Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union
537:Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU
2529:
2269:
1982:
1744:
1586:
1438:
1270:
1048:. New Haven: Yale U.P. pp. 316–17, 413.
559:, a policy Kosior supported. Speaking to the
459:family of humble factory workers. Because of
8:
876:The Stalin–Kaganovich Correspondence 1931–36
842:Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin
789:. London: George Allen & Unwin. p.
2974:Workers Party of Ukraine (Marxist–Leninist)
1177:"Коссиор Станислав Викентьевич (1889–1939)"
922:
920:
747:by the Soviet government on 14 March 1956.
539:, working alongside the General Secretary,
496:, the Russian secret police, and exiled to
2906:
2774:
2561:
2536:
2522:
2514:
2276:
2262:
2254:
2136:
2011:
1989:
1975:
1967:
1886:
1773:
1751:
1737:
1729:
1593:
1579:
1571:
1445:
1431:
1423:
1277:
1263:
1255:
1171:
1169:
726:head of state) and the co-Chairman of the
511:, where he headed the local branch of the
40:
20:
3029:Executed people from Masovian Voivodeship
720:All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee
1044:J.Arch Getty, and Oleg V.Naumov (1999).
213:19 December 1927 – 13 July 1930
108:25 March 1920 – 17 October 1920
2968:Communist Party of Workers and Peasants
2545:Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine
772:
143:30 May 1919 – 10 December 1919
73:14 July 1928 – 27 January 1938
61:Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine
477:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
239:1 January 1926 – 12 July 1928
1162:. Nottingham: Spokesman. p. 295.
570:In July 1930, he was elevated to the
555:. His return coincided with Stalin's
439:Stanisław Kosior was born in 1889 in
7:
2988:List of political parties by country
2962:Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed)
965:The Stalin–Kaganovich Correspondence
763:in the early days of December 1942.
597:recorded that on 1 February, he and
930:. Holodomor Museum. 16 October 2019
901:Red Famine, Stalin's War on Ukraine
743:. After Stalin's death, Kosior was
679:In January 1938 he was recalled to
551:In July 1928, Kosior was appointed
533:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3079:Ukrainian people of Polish descent
783:& Marie, Jean-Jacques (1974).
421:Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union
415:, was a Soviet politician who was
193:13 July 1930 – 3 May 1938
14:
1073:. Sphere. pp. 29, 76, 88–89.
1242:
903:. London: Penguin. p. 169.
786:Makers of the Russian revolution
625:in 1935. From left to right are
386:
3074:Soviet people of Polish descent
3059:People from Siedlce Governorate
3034:Great Purge victims from Poland
519:municipal committee. After the
2459:International Representatives
967:. pp. 136, 141, 152, 180.
1:
2750:Kommunist / Radyanska Ukraina
1202:"Косиор, Елизавета Сергеевич"
735:he's an enemy of the people?"
401:Stanisław Vikentyevich Kosior
257:Stanislav Vikentyevich Kosior
16:Soviet politician (1889–1939)
409:Станислав Викентьевич Косиор
378:industrial elementary school
2566:First (General) Secretaries
1069:Khrushchev, Nikita (1971).
585:Addressing a plenum of the
3170:
2956:Communist Party of Ukraine
2944:Socialist Party of Ukraine
2549:Communist Party of Ukraine
3064:People from Węgrów County
2983:
2330:Ukrainian SSR (1918–1938)
656:Kosior loyally supported
408:
394:
243:
232:
206:
186:
136:
101:
66:
51:
39:
30:
2950:Peasant Party of Ukraine
899:Applebaum, Anne (2018).
839:Snyder, Timothy (2010).
475:. In 1907 he joined the
471:), where he worked at a
198:Candidate member of the
31:
2604:Nikolay Bestchetvertnoi
2063:added in May, secretary
1845:Nikolay Bestchetvertnoi
1803:Nikolay Bestchetvertnoi
1019:Slezkine, Yuri (2017).
529:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
347:Russian Communist Party
119:Nikolay Bestchetvertnoi
3154:Soviet rehabilitations
2704:Decision-making bodies
2322:First Secretary of the
1158:Medvedev, Roy (1976).
1140:, Allen Lane, London,
1136:Figes, Orlando (2007)
1117:Исторические Материалы
737:
718:, the Chairman of the
641:
463:, he migrated east to
3084:Genocide perpetrators
2711:Politburo / Presidium
2492:Mieczislaw Loganowski
2192:Vladimir Mescheryakov
2032:Vladimir Mescheryakov
1341:Grigory Ordzhonikidze
814:Davies, R.W. (1980).
620:
357:Yelizaveta Sergeyevna
2919:1st (Jul.–Oct. 1918)
2682:Vladimir Scherbitsky
2398:People's Secretariat
1830:Vasyl Ellan-Blakytny
1251:at Wikimedia Commons
1084:Khrushchev, Nikita.
1071:Khrushchev Remembers
660:at the start of the
621:Stanislav Kosior at
2993:Politics of Ukraine
2903:Elected by Congress
2502:Yevgeniy Terletskiy
2157:Khristian Rakovskiy
2113:Yuriy Kotsiubynskyi
2051:Khristian Rakovskiy
1519:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
761:Battle of Leningrad
700:20th Party Congress
606:region of Ukraine.
505:February Revolution
451:, in the region of
445:Siedlce Governorate
365:Tamara and Vladimir
274:Siedlce Governorate
218:Full member of the
172:Full member of the
2726:Control Commission
2610:Vyacheslav Molotov
2468:Yuriy Kotsiubynsky
2450:Demian Korotchenko
2445:Mikhail Bondarenko
2430:Christian Rakovsky
2368:Vyacheslav Molotov
2308:Vladimir Zatonskiy
2295:Chairman of VUTsVK
2197:relieved in August
2176:Kliment Voroshilov
1921:Christian Rakovsky
1808:Christian Rakovsky
1637:Vyacheslav Molotov
1632:Valerian Kuybyshev
1622:Kliment Voroshilov
1499:Vyacheslav Molotov
1494:Valerian Kuybyshev
1469:Kliment Voroshilov
1336:Vyacheslav Molotov
1331:Valerian Kuybyshev
1306:Kliment Voroshilov
1206:Память о весправии
995:. knowbysight.info
683:, and replaced by
642:
521:October Revolution
423:and member of the
131:Vyacheslav Molotov
3001:
3000:
2932:
2931:
2911:Central Committee
2898:
2897:
2766:
2765:
2694:Stanislav Gurenko
2664:Alexei Kirichenko
2652:Nikita Khrushchev
2640:Nikita Khrushchev
2557:Central Committee
2511:
2510:
2496:Oleksandr Shumsky
2480:Mikhail Levitskiy
2388:Nikita Khrushchev
2363:Nikolai Nikolayev
2313:Grigory Petrovsky
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2185:Candidate members
2126:
2125:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1952:Alexander Shumsky
1926:Alexander Shumsky
1911:Grigory Petrovsky
1876:
1875:
1867:Alexander Shumsky
1813:Alexander Shumsky
1726:
1725:
1698:Grigory Petrovsky
1666:Candidate members
1568:
1567:
1550:Grigory Petrovsky
1533:Candidate members
1420:
1419:
1412:Nikita Khrushchev
1377:Grigory Petrovsky
1365:Candidate members
1247:Media related to
1208:. Sakharov Centre
1030:978-0-69119-272-7
978:Applebaum, Anne.
953:. pp. 77–78.
949:Applebaum, Anne.
910:978-0-141-97828-4
860:978-0-465-03147-4
716:Grigory Petrovsky
685:Nikita Khrushchev
398:
397:
312:
96:Nikita Khrushchev
3161:
2907:
2775:
2771:Party assemblies
2688:Vladimir Ivashko
2670:Nikolai Podgorny
2646:Lazar Kaganovich
2634:Stanislav Kosior
2628:Lazar Kaganovich
2616:Dmitry Manuilsky
2598:Stanislav Kosior
2562:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2515:
2482:(Czechoslovakia)
2440:Panas Lyubchenko
2415:Nikolai Skripnik
2383:Lazar Kaganovich
2378:Dmitry Manuilsky
2353:Stanislav Kosior
2348:Emmanuil Kviring
2278:
2271:
2264:
2255:
2233:
2232:acting secretary
2220:Stanislav Kosior
2204:Georgiy Pyatakov
2198:
2170:
2163:Stanislav Kosior
2137:
2118:
2104:
2099:Stanislav Kosior
2090:
2081:Georgiy Pyatakov
2064:
2057:Stanislav Kosior
2045:
2038:Georgiy Pyatakov
2012:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1968:
1942:Stanisław Kosior
1905:
1898:Stanisław Kosior
1887:
1853:
1792:
1785:Stanisław Kosior
1774:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1730:
1688:Stanislav Kosior
1678:Lazar Kaganovich
1617:Nikolai Bukharin
1595:
1588:
1581:
1572:
1489:Stanislav Kosior
1474:Lazar Kaganovich
1447:
1440:
1433:
1424:
1326:Stanislav Kosior
1311:Lazar Kaganovich
1279:
1272:
1265:
1256:
1249:Stanislaw Kosior
1246:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1181:Семейные истопии
1173:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1149:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
983:
975:
969:
968:
961:
955:
954:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
924:
915:
914:
896:
890:
889:
871:
865:
864:
836:
830:
829:
811:
805:
804:
777:
670:Nikolai Bukharin
576:Lazar Kaganovich
507:Kosior moved to
410:
390:
344:
310:
290:
287:26 February 1939
267:18 November 1889
266:
264:
248:Personal details
237:
211:
191:
162:
154:Georgiy Pyatakov
150:
141:
127:
115:
106:
92:
84:Lazar Kaganovich
80:
71:
44:
34:
33:Станислав Косиор
25:Stanisław Kosior
21:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3044:Left Opposition
3004:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2979:
2928:
2924:2nd (1918–1919)
2894:
2874:
2762:
2730:
2699:
2658:Leonid Melnikov
2622:Emanuel Kviring
2592:Georgy Pyatakov
2586:Emanuel Kviring
2580:Serafima Hopner
2574:Georgy Pyatakov
2551:
2542:
2512:
2507:
2474:Waldemar Aussem
2460:
2454:
2425:Fyodor Sergeyev
2420:Georgy Pyatakov
2392:
2343:Serafima Hopner
2338:Georgy Pyatakov
2328:
2325:Communist Party
2323:
2317:
2289:
2282:
2252:
2243:
2239:Taras Kharechko
2231:
2208:
2196:
2180:
2168:
2152:Emanuel Kwiring
2132:
2122:
2116:
2109:Taras Kharechko
2102:
2088:
2085:Emanuel Kwiring
2069:
2062:
2043:
2027:Emanuel Kwiring
2007:
2001:
1995:
1965:
1956:
1930:
1903:
1882:
1872:
1869:
1862:
1851:
1848:
1839:
1832:
1817:
1790:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1727:
1722:
1703:Nikolai Uglanov
1693:Anastas Mikoyan
1673:Andrey Andreyev
1661:
1647:Jānis Rudzutaks
1627:Mikhail Kalinin
1605:
1599:
1569:
1564:
1545:Anastas Mikoyan
1540:Andrey Andreyev
1528:
1524:Andrey Andreyev
1504:Jānis Rudzutaks
1479:Mikhail Kalinin
1457:
1451:
1421:
1416:
1387:Jānis Rudzutaks
1382:Pavel Postyshev
1372:Anastas Mikoyan
1360:
1351:Anastas Mikoyan
1316:Mikhail Kalinin
1301:Andrey Andreyev
1289:
1283:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1004:
1003:
999:
991:
987:
977:
976:
972:
963:
962:
958:
948:
947:
943:
933:
931:
926:
925:
918:
911:
898:
897:
893:
886:
873:
872:
868:
861:
845:. Basic Books.
838:
837:
833:
826:
813:
812:
808:
801:
779:
778:
774:
769:
753:
654:
652:The Great Purge
635:Andrei Andreyev
631:Anastas Mikoyan
612:Pavel Postyshev
549:
437:
345:
342:
331:Political party
313:
292:
288:
268:
262:
260:
259:
258:
238:
233:
212:
207:
192:
187:
160:
148:
142:
137:
125:
113:
107:
102:
90:
78:
72:
67:
57:First Secretary
47:
35:
32:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3167:
3165:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3054:Old Bolsheviks
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3006:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2913:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2757:Pravda Ukrainy
2753:
2746:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2570:
2568:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2499:
2489:
2486:Mikhail Frunze
2483:
2477:
2471:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2358:Rafail Farbman
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2303:Yefim Medvedev
2299:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2284:Government of
2283:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2226:Rafail Farbman
2222:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2106:
2103:added in April
2095:Pinkhus Rovner
2092:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2009:
2006:March – August
2003:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1947:Yakov Yakovlev
1944:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1916:Yakov Yakovlev
1913:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1893:
1891:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1842:
1840:
1837:Aleksei Ivanov
1835:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1798:Aleksei Ivanov
1795:
1794:
1793:
1780:
1778:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1718:Sergei Syrtsov
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1657:Mikhail Tomsky
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1555:Sergei Syrtsov
1552:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1427:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1407:Nikolai Yezhov
1404:
1399:
1397:Andrei Zhdanov
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1238:
1237:External links
1235:
1232:
1231:
1219:
1193:
1165:
1150:
1138:The Whisperers
1129:
1105:
1076:
1061:
1054:
1036:
1029:
1011:
997:
985:
982:. p. 289.
970:
956:
941:
916:
909:
891:
884:
866:
859:
851:2027/heb.32352
831:
824:
806:
799:
781:Haupt, Georges
771:
770:
768:
765:
752:
749:
741:Vasili Blokhin
653:
650:
646:Order of Lenin
627:Trofim Lysenko
548:
545:
449:Russian Empire
436:
433:
396:
395:
392:
391:
384:
380:
379:
373:
367:
366:
363:
359:
358:
355:
351:
350:
332:
328:
327:
322:
318:
317:
308:Russian Empire
305:
301:
300:
291:(aged 49)
285:
281:
280:
278:Russian Empire
256:
254:
250:
249:
245:
244:
241:
240:
230:
229:
215:
214:
204:
203:
195:
194:
184:
183:
169:
168:
166:Rafail Farbman
163:
157:
156:
151:
145:
144:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
116:
110:
109:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
64:
63:
53:
52:
49:
48:
46:Kosior in 1920
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3166:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2286:Ukrainian SSR
2279:
2274:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2240:
2237:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2147:Andrei Bubnov
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:August 1919 –
2129:
2117:added in June
2114:
2110:
2107:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:added in June
2086:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:Andrei Bubnov
2020:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1761:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:Joseph Stalin
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1514:Joseph Stalin
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1346:Joseph Stalin
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1147:
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2735:Publications
2676:Petr Shelest
2461:(until 1923)
2410:Evgenia Bosh
2224:
2161:
2140:Full members
2055:
2036:
2015:Full members
1941:
1897:
1896:
1890:Full members
1843:
1784:
1783:
1683:Sergei Kirov
1642:Alexei Rykov
1610:Full members
1509:Alexei Rykov
1484:Sergei Kirov
1462:Full members
1402:Robert Eikhe
1321:Sergei Kirov
1294:Full members
1226:in Russian.
1222:
1210:. Retrieved
1205:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
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1116:
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484:and then to
438:
435:Early career
412:
400:
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315:Soviet Union
298:Soviet Union
289:(1939-02-26)
234:
208:
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161:Succeeded by
138:
126:Succeeded by
103:
91:Succeeded by
68:
18:
3019:1939 deaths
3014:1889 births
2970:(2001–2015)
2964:(2000–2015)
2958:(1993–2015)
2946:(1991–2022)
2879:Conferences
2871:28th (1990)
2868:27th (1986)
2865:26th (1981)
2862:25th (1976)
2859:24th (1971)
2856:23rd (1966)
2853:22nd (1961)
2850:21st (1960)
2847:20th (1959)
2844:19th (1956)
2841:18th (1954)
2838:17th (1952)
2835:16th (1949)
2832:15th (1940)
2829:14th (1938)
2826:13th (1937)
2823:12th (1934)
2820:11th (1930)
2817:10th (1927)
2743:Visti VUCVK
2716:Secretariat
2696:(1990–1991)
2690:(1989–1990)
2684:(1972–1989)
2678:(1963–1972)
2672:(1957–1963)
2666:(1953–1957)
2660:(1949–1953)
2654:(1947–1949)
2642:(1938–1947)
2636:(1928–1938)
2630:(1925–1928)
2624:(1923–1925)
2618:(1921–1923)
2612:(1920–1921)
2588:(1918–1919)
2435:Vlas Chubar
2288:before 1938
2000:(1919–1920)
1860:Vlas Chubar
1768:Provisional
1713:Karl Bauman
1708:Vlas Chubar
1604:(1927–1930)
1560:Vlas Chubar
1456:(1930–1934)
1392:Vlas Chubar
1356:Vlas Chubar
1288:(1934–1939)
704:Boris Rodos
662:Great Purge
623:the Kremlin
599:Vlas Chubar
565:agriculture
429:Great Purge
349:(1918–1938)
343:(1907–1918)
321:Nationality
304:Citizenship
227:Secretariat
149:Preceded by
114:Preceded by
79:Preceded by
3008:Categories
2937:Successors
2891:3rd (1932)
2888:2nd (1929)
2885:1st (1926)
2814:9th (1925)
2811:8th (1924)
2808:7th (1923)
2805:6th (1921)
2802:5th (1920)
2799:4th (1920)
2795:3rd (1919)
2790:2nd (1918)
2785:1st (1918)
2778:Congresses
2373:Feliks Kon
2133:March 2020
1146:0312428030
980:Red Famine
951:Red Famine
800:0801408091
767:References
629:, Kosior,
513:Bolsheviks
503:After the
473:steel mill
371:Alma mater
339:Bolsheviks
263:1889-11-18
2504:(Baltics)
2476:(Germany)
2470:(Austria)
2402:Sovnarkom
2169:secretary
2044:secretary
1904:secretary
1881:Politburo
1852:secretary
1791:secretary
698:" to the
547:Holodomor
509:Petrograd
453:Podlachia
383:Signature
311:(subject)
235:In office
209:In office
202:Politburo
189:In office
181:Politburo
139:In office
104:In office
69:In office
2498:(Poland)
2488:(Turkey)
1777:Approved
1148:, p. 248
604:Polissia
525:Ober-Ost
515:and the
467:(modern
362:Children
2721:Orgburo
2213:Orgburo
2074:Orgburo
1935:Orgburo
1883:(April)
1822:Elected
1770:(March)
1212:7 March
1186:7 March
1098:5 March
934:5 March
724:de jure
594:Kharkiv
498:Siberia
494:Okhrana
490:Kharkiv
469:Donetsk
465:Yuzovka
461:poverty
455:, to a
447:of the
443:in the
413:Kossior
405:Russian
59:of the
2976:(2012)
2952:(1992)
2648:(1947)
2606:(1920)
2600:(1919)
2594:(1919)
2582:(1918)
2576:(1918)
2327:of the
1762:(1920)
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751:Family
681:Moscow
637:, and
482:Moscow
457:Polish
441:Węgrów
354:Spouse
325:Polish
294:Moscow
270:Węgrów
1122:9 May
1089:(PDF)
712:raped
580:poods
517:Narva
376:Sulin
335:RSDLP
2547:and
2008:1919
1214:2021
1188:2021
1142:ISBN
1124:2023
1100:2021
1050:ISBN
1025:ISBN
936:2021
905:ISBN
880:ISBN
855:ISBN
820:ISBN
795:ISBN
708:NKVD
689:USSR
488:and
486:Kyiv
284:Died
253:Born
224:15th
220:14th
200:15th
178:17th
176:and
174:16th
847:hdl
791:149
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