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345:, Atwood's programming blog. On 31 July 2008, Jeff Atwood sent out invitations encouraging his subscribers to take part in the private beta of the new website, limiting its use to those willing to test out the new software. On 15 September 2008 it was announced that the public beta version was in session and that the general public was now able to use it to seek assistance on programming related issues. The design of the Stack Overflow logo was decided by a voting process.
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As of August 2012, 443,000 of the 1.3 million registered users had answered at least one question, and of those, approximately 6,000 (0.46% of the total user count) had earned a reputation score greater than 5000. Reputation can be gained fastest by answering questions related to tags with lower
429:
and a way to prevent low quality questions. The mechanism was overhauled in 2013; questions edited after being put "on hold" now appear in a review queue. Jeff Atwood stated in 2010 that duplicate questions are not seen as a problem but rather they constitute an advantage if such additional questions
404:
The strike began with a post to Meta Stack
Exchange, which raised concerns regarding the quality and accuracy of AI-generated content, and the lack of transparency from Stack Exchange surrounding this policy change. Moderators also stated that the version of the policy released to the public differed
513:
The site's culture has been criticized in the past for being unfriendly by one research paper, especially in the context of gender differences in participation and beginners learning computer science. A 2023 study by another researcher concluded that the website's new users were met with significant
461:
A 2013 study has found that 75% of users only ask one question, 65% only answer one question, and only 8% of users answer more than 5 questions. To empower a wider group of users to ask questions and then answer, Stack
Overflow created a mentorship program resulting in users having a 50% increase in
407:
Negotiations between Stack
Exchange and moderators resulted in new policies allowing moderators to remove AI content when there is a strong indicator of GPT usage, and a commitment from the site to continue to provide data and API access. At the conclusion of negotiations, the strike ended on August
400:
which resulted in a strike of a portion of its volunteer moderators. The protest centered around a policy posted to moderators on May 29 stating that the use of AI-detection tools were not permitted to be used as part of moderation. In a statement, Stack
Exchange confirmed that 11% of moderators had
497:
used for data access. Unregistered users have access to most of the site's functionality, while users who sign in can gain access to more functionality, such as asking or answering a question, establishing a profile and being able to earn reputation to allow functionality like editing questions and
284:
As of March 2024 Stack
Overflow has over 23 million registered users, and has received over 24 million questions and 35 million answers. The site and similar programming question and answer sites have globally mostly replaced programming books for day-to-day programming reference in the 2000s,
521:
found that
Android developers that used only Stack Overflow as their programming resource tended to write less secure code than those who used only the official Android developer documentation from Google, while developers using only the official Android documentation tended to write significantly
1194:
The money we've raised means that, for the next ($ 6m / monthly burn rate) months, we can take on new projects, hire new people, and build new expert Q&A sites on a wide variety of new topics. Instead of opening sites in exchange for money, we're about to launch a new, democratic system where
378:
In early May 2019, an update was deployed to Stack
Overflow's development version. It contained a bug which allowed an attacker to grant themselves privileges in accessing the production version of the site. Stack Overflow published on their blog that approximately 184 public network users were
514:
difficulties in obtaining help from other users in posts started by the former; an analysis from a sample of 968 posts showed that 49% experienced hurdles such as their questions being closed, receiving no response, or receiving no mention as to why their posts were being negatively scored.
417:
Stack
Overflow only accepts questions about programming that are tightly focused on a specific problem. Questions of a broader nature—or those inviting answers that are inherently a matter of opinion—are usually rejected by the site's users, and marked as closed. The sister site
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and "badges"; for example, a person is awarded 10 reputation points for receiving an "up" vote on a question or an answer to a question, and can receive badges for their valued contributions, which represents a
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ceased content moderation in response to this policy. This would grow to more than 23% of all moderators on the network by June 22, including more than 70% of all Stack
Overflow moderators.
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from the version they had received on the moderator-only forum, notably in that the public version did not include language requiring that moderators stop restricting all AI content.
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The website serves as a platform for users to ask and answer questions, and, through membership and active participation, to vote questions and answers up or down similar to
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of the traditional Q&A website. Users unlock new privileges with an increase in reputation like the ability to vote, comment, and even edit other people's posts.
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expertise density, doing so promptly (in particular being the first one to answer a question), being active during off-peak hours, and contributing to diverse areas.
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Evaluation of Novel
Approaches to Software Engineering: 17th International Conference, ENASE 2022, Virtual Event, April 25–26, 2022, Revised Selected Papers
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In 2019, Stack Overflow named Prashanth Chandrasekar as its chief executive officer and Teresa Dietrich as its chief product officer.
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1325:"Stack Overflow volunteer moderators down tools over secret new policy that obstructs removal of AI-generated content • DEVCLASS"
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On 3 May 2010, it was announced that Stack Overflow had raised $ 6 million in venture capital from a group of investors led by
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Bosu, Amiangshu; Christopher S. Corley; Dustin Heaton; Debarshi Chatterji; Jeffrey C. Carver; Nicholas A. Kraft (2013).
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softwareengineering.stackexchange.com is intended to be a venue for broader queries, e.g. general questions about
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1375:"Moderation Strike: Stack Overflow, Inc. cannot consistently ignore, mistreat, and malign its volunteers"
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anyone can propose a Q&A site, and, if it gets a critical mass of interested people, we'll create it.
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1428:"Stack Overflow: how much is traffic dropping, and how the moderator "strike" was resolved • DEVCLASS"
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topics. It was created to be a more open alternative to earlier question and answer websites such as
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In mid-2023, Stack Exchange made several changes regarding its policies around content generated by
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score on average. As of 2011, 92% of the questions were answered, in a median time of 11 minutes.
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Ford, Denae; Lustig, Kristina; Banks, Jeremy; Parnin, Chris (2018). ""We Don't do That Here"".
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1402:"Stack Overflow Moderators Are Striking to Stop Garbage AI Content From Flooding the Site"
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617:. Rev. 20 July 2010 (2010–204–1). Stanford University School of Engineering. 204-2010-1.
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261:, a Netherlands-based consumer internet conglomerate, on 2 June 2021 for $ 1.8 billion.
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license, version 2.5, 3.0, or 4.0 depending on the date the content was contributed.
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You Get Where You're Looking for: The Impact of Information Sources on Code Security
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Mamykina, Lena; Bella Manoim; Manas Mittal; George Hripcsak; Björn Hartmann (2011).
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affected by this breach, which "could have returned IP address, names, or emails".
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in 2008. The name for the website was chosen by voting in April 2008 by readers of
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1854:""Condescending, Rude, Assholes": Framing gender and hostility on Stack Overflow"
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1707:. Tuscaloosa, USA: Department of Computer Science, The University of Alabama.
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Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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assigned to questions, the top eight most discussed topics on the site are:
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Kaindl, Hermann; Mannion, Mike; Maciaszek, Leszek A., eds. (7 July 2023).
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Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
1505:"Dr. Strangedupe: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying And Love Duplication"
1151:"J.Atwood & J.Spolsky founding stackoverflow.com – but we need a logo"
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Closing questions is a main differentiation from other Q&A sites like
1178:"Stack Overflow raises $ 6M to take its Q&A model beyond programming"
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Y. Acar, M. Backes, S. Fahl, D. Kim, M. L. Mazurek and C. Stransky, "
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1702:"Building Reputation in StackOverflow: An Empirical Investigation"
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2023 controversy over AI-generated content and moderation strike
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1566:"An Empirical Study on Developer Interactions in StackOverflow"
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less functional code than those who used only Stack Overflow.
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Wang, Shaowei; David Lo; Lingxiao Jiang (18–22 March 2013).
1236:"Stack Overflow Sold to Tech Giant Prosus for $ 1.8 Billion"
861:"Stack Overflow Sold to Tech Giant Prosus for $ 1.8 Billion"
141:
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answers without peer review or voting to close a question.
1926:, San Jose, CA, 2016, pp. 289–305. doi: 10.1109/SP.2016.25
1642:"Design lessons from the fastest q&a site in the west"
1601:. CHI '18. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 608:1–608:12.
1263:"Stack Overflow says hackers breached production systems"
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and edit questions and answers in a fashion similar to a
608:"Finding a Growth Business Model at Stack Overflow, Inc"
673:
Stack Overflow Internet Services, Inc. (8 June 2010).
1766:"How I learned to stop worrying and write my own ORM"
390:
Stack Exchange § June - August 2023 moderation strike
1294:"Update to Security Incident [May 17, 2019]"
834:"Google Tech Talks: Learning from StackOverflow.com"
16:
Question-and-answer website for computer programmers
1823:"Here are all the winners of the 2020 Webby Awards"
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multiplying relevant keyword hits in search engines
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944:"What is reputation? How do I earn (and lose) it?"
1924:2016 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)
1891:. Springer Nature Switzerland. p. 251-256.
1792:"Why should I create an account? – Help Center"
249:. It features questions and answers on certain
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508:2020 Webby People's Voice Award for Community
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36:
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1974:Internet properties established in 2008
571:
1070:from the original on 16 September 2021
1060:"Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2021"
606:Sewak, M.; et al. (18 May 2010).
1735:"What Was Stack Overflow Built With?"
1714:from the original on 11 February 2015
1100:from the original on 15 February 2020
1040:from the original on 22 November 2019
1010:from the original on 22 November 2019
980:from the original on 14 February 2020
924:from the original on 16 November 2019
587:from the original on 14 February 2021
443:Creative Commons Attribute-ShareAlike
7:
1578:from the original on 2 February 2015
1273:from the original on 7 December 2019
1242:from the original on 29 October 2021
918:"Were Rewarding the Question Askers"
898:from the original on 1 February 2014
867:from the original on 29 October 2021
740:"None of Us is as Dumb as All of Us"
719:from the original on 3 February 2010
644:"Stack Exchange Network Legal Links"
362:, a Netherlands-based subsidiary of
1571:. Singapore Management University.
1515:from the original on 12 August 2016
654:from the original on 20 August 2014
624:from the original on 13 August 2012
579:Spolsky, Joel (15 September 2008).
430:drive extra traffic to the site by
285:and today are an important part of
272:. Users of Stack Overflow can earn
1821:Kastrenakes, Jacob (20 May 2020).
1802:from the original on 28 March 2021
1772:from the original on 2 August 2014
1745:from the original on 26 April 2016
1485:from the original on 3 August 2019
1459:from the original on 25 April 2021
1184:from the original on 21 April 2016
1131:from the original on 16 April 2015
750:from the original on 14 March 2009
685:from the original on 26 April 2011
14:
1866:from the original on 21 July 2021
1733:Jeff Atwood (21 September 2008).
1678:from the original on 5 March 2014
1157:from the original on 3 March 2016
886:Jeff Atwood (21 September 2008).
803:"Spolsky's Software Q-and-A Site"
738:Jeff Atwood (10 September 2008).
237:. It is the flagship site of the
1833:from the original on 21 May 2020
1535:"Case Studies/StackOverflow.com"
1426:Anderson, Tim (24 August 2023).
1304:from the original on 19 May 2022
1215:from the original on 10 May 2020
1207:Fried, Ina (25 September 2019).
1153:. 99Designs.com. 30 April 2008.
954:from the original on 9 June 2013
813:from the original on 16 May 2009
771:"Secrets of social site success"
532:
388:This section is an excerpt from
51:
1545:from the original on 2 May 2015
1453:"How do I ask a good question?"
840:from the original on 4 May 2019
769:Alan Zeichick (15 April 2009).
709:"Introducing Stackoverflow.com"
25:Stack overflow (disambiguation)
1984:Software developer communities
1292:Ferguson, Mary (17 May 2019).
832:Joel Spolsky (25 April 2009).
27:. For the parent company, see
1:
1994:2021 mergers and acquisitions
1764:Sam Saffron (30 March 2011).
1400:Roscoe, Jules (5 June 2023).
1323:Anderson, Tim (5 June 2023).
707:Jeff Atwood (16 April 2008).
474:Stack Overflow is written in
257:. Stack Overflow was sold to
204:CC BY-SA 3.0 (until May 2018)
1979:Question-and-answer websites
1234:Dummett, Ben (2 June 2021).
1119:Jeff Atwood (6 April 2008).
1030:"All Sites – Stack Exchange"
1000:"All Sites – Stack Exchange"
859:Dummett, Ben (2 June 2021).
241:. It was created in 2008 by
333:The website was created by
231:question-and-answer website
2010:
1350:"Dear Stack Overflow, Inc"
1176:Ha, Anthony (4 May 2010).
561:(multi-lingual algorithms)
387:
19:For the general term, see
18:
581:"Stack Overflow Launches"
490:for the database and the
50:
41:
1918:14 February 2021 at the
1209:"Axios Login: Take Note"
495:object-relational mapper
1654:10.1145/1978942.1979366
1608:10.1145/3173574.3174182
1479:"The war of the closes"
1354:openletter.mousetail.nl
1121:"Help Name Our Website"
863:. Wall Street Journal.
554:List of Internet forums
506:Stack Overflow won the
457:Top Stack Overflow tags
398:artificial intelligence
289:. Based on the type of
57:Screenshot in June 2022
1989:Stack Exchange network
1648:. pp. 2857–2866.
615:Stanford CasePublisher
519:University of Maryland
458:
439:user-generated content
239:Stack Exchange Network
201:2.5 (until April 2011)
177:; 15 years ago
175:15 September 2008
132:Prashanth Chandrasekar
1852:Brooke, Siân (2019).
809:. 16 September 2008.
510:in the category Web.
484:Model–View–Controller
456:
350:Union Square Ventures
1511:. 16 November 2010.
1238:. Wall St. Journal.
974:"List of privileges"
920:. 13 November 2019.
675:"Stack Exchange API"
583:. Joel on Software.
488:Microsoft SQL Server
420:software development
287:computer programming
251:computer programming
235:computer programmers
37:Stack Exchange, Inc.
1739:Stack Overflow Blog
1539:creativecommons.org
1379:Meta Stack Exchange
1298:Stack Overflow Blog
73:Question and answer
38:
1964:Computing websites
1261:Cimpanu, Catalin.
892:Coding Horror Blog
888:"The Gamification"
459:
441:is licensed under
1509:stackoverflow.com
1034:stackexchange.com
1004:stackexchange.com
517:A study from the
486:) framework, and
274:reputation points
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