Magic (illusion) - Knowledge (XXG)

1524: 402: 1896: 410: 1448: 2046: 1840:. Some modern illusionists believe that it is unethical to give a performance that claims to be anything other than a clever and skillful deception. Others argue that they can claim that the effects are due to magic. These apparently irreconcilable differences of opinion have led to some conflicts among performers. Another issue is the use of deceptive practices for personal gain outside the venue of a magic performance. Examples include fraudulent mediums, 936: 1742:. Here magicians, both seasoned and novitiate, can work together and help one another for mutual improvement, to learn new techniques, to discuss all aspects of magic, to perform for each other—sharing advice, encouragement, and criticism. Before a magician can join one of these clubs, they usually have to audition. The purpose is to show to the membership they are a magician and not just someone off the street wanting to discover magic secrets. 449:—which eventually came to mean any foreign, unorthodox, or illegitimate ritual practice. To the general public, successful acts of illusion could be perceived as if it were similar to a feat of magic supposed to have been able to be performed by the ancient magoi. The performance of tricks of illusion, or magical illusion, and the apparent workings and effects of such acts have often been referred to as "magic" and particularly as magic tricks. 531: 3928: 722: 53: 527:

something, like cutting a head off, and then "restore" it, make something appear to move from one place to another, or they may escape from a restraining device. Other illusions include making something appear to defy gravity, making a solid object appear to pass through another object, or appearing to predict the choice of a spectator. Many magic routines use combinations of effects.

1211: 1647:: The magician defies gravity, either by making something float in the air, or with the aid of another object (suspension)—a silver ball floats around a cloth, an assistant floats in mid-air, another is suspended from a broom, a scarf dances in a sealed bottle, the magician levitates his own body in midair. There are many popular ways to create this illusion, including 1709: 600: 1995:, in which a pea is hidden under one of three walnut shells, then shuffled around the table (or sidewalk) so slowly as to make the pea's position seemingly obvious. Although these are well known as frauds, people still lose money on them; a shell-game ring was broken up in Los Angeles as recently as December 2009. 782:. Houdini was genuinely skilled in techniques such as lockpicking and escaping straitjackets, but also made full use of the range of conjuring techniques, including fake equipment and collusion with individuals in the audience. Houdini's show-business savvy was as great as his performance skill. There is a 1720:

Dedication to magic can teach confidence and creativity, as well as the work ethic associated with regular practice and the responsibility that comes with devotion to an art. The teaching of performance magic was once a secretive practice. Professional magicians were unwilling to share knowledge with

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Bizarre magic is a branch of stage magic that creates eerie effects through its use of narratives and esoteric imagery. The experience may be more akin to small, intimate theater or to a conventional magic show. Bizarre magic often uses horror, supernatural, and science fiction imagery in addition to

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Theatre Magic describes a dramaturgically well thought-out performance that has been specially designed for the theater and theater-like situations. It is not about individual tricks that are strung together, but about logical connections of tricks that lead to a story. The protagonists of this magic

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He takes an empty bag, lays it on the Table and turns it several times inside out, then commands 100 Eggs out of it and several showers of real Gold and silver, then the Bag beginning to swell several sorts of wild fowl run out of it upon the Table. He throws up a Pack of Cards, and causes them to be

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until the end of the 19th century, only a few books were available for magicians to learn the craft, whereas today mass-market books offer a myriad titles. Videos and DVDs are newer media, but many of the methods found in this format are readily found in previously published books. However, they can

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Teleportation: The magician causes something to move from one place to another—a borrowed ring is found inside a ball of wool, a canary inside a light bulb, an assistant from a cabinet to the back of the theatre, or a coin from one hand to the other. When two objects exchange places, it is called a

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in which the magician places an audience member's watch only to later produce several feet away inside a wooden frame. Mechanical magic requires a certain degree of sleight of hand and carefully functioning mechanisms and devices to be performed convincingly. This form of magic was popular around

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aired in 1997, the term "street magic" has also come to describe a style of 'guerilla' performance in which magicians approach and perform for unsuspecting members of the public on the street. Unlike traditional street magic, this style is almost purely designed for TV and gains its impact from the

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is done for larger audiences than close-up magic (which is for a few people or even one person) and for smaller audiences than stage magic. In parlor magic, the performer is usually standing and on the same level as the audience, which may be seated on chairs or even on the floor. According to the

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in 1845. He transformed his art from one performed at fairs to a performance that the public paid to see at the theatre. His speciality was constructing mechanical automata that appeared to move and act as if alive. Many of Robert-Houdin's mechanisms for illusion were pirated by his assistant and

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shows. For many recorded centuries, magicians were associated with the devil and the occult. During the 19th and 20th centuries, many stage magicians even capitalized on this notion in their advertisements. The same level of ingenuity that was used to produce famous ancient deceptions such as the

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Some modern illusionists believe that it is unethical to give a performance that claims to be anything other than a clever and skillful deception. Most of these performers therefore eschew the term "magician" (which they view as making a claim to supernatural power) in favor of "illusionist" and

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Camera magic (or "video magic") is magic that is aimed at viewers watching broadcasts or recordings. It includes tricks based on the restricted viewing angles of cameras and clever editing. Camera magic often features paid extras posing as spectators who may even be assisting in the performance.

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Corporate magic or trade show magic uses magic as a communication and sales tool, as opposed to just straightforward entertainment. Corporate magicians may come from a business background and typically present at meetings, conferences and product launches. They run workshops and can sometimes be

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Many books have been written about magic tricks; so many are written every year that at least one magic author has suggested that more books are written about magic than any other performing art. Although the bulk of these books are not seen on the shelves of libraries or public bookstores, the

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Magicians describe the type of tricks they perform in various ways. Opinions vary as to how to categorize a given effect, and disagreement as to what categories actually exist. For instance, some magicians consider "penetrations" a separate category, while others consider penetrations a form of

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Because of the secretive nature of magic, research can be a challenge. Many magic resources are privately held and most libraries only have small populist collections of magicana. However, organizations exist to band together independent collectors, writers, and researchers of magic history,

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made his first appearances on television in the 1970s to exhibit his self-proclaimed psychic ability to bend spoons, his actions still provoke controversy among some magic performers, because he claimed what he did was not an illusion. On the other hand, because Geller bent—and continues to

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creates the impression in the minds of the audience that the performer possesses special powers to read thoughts, predict events, control other minds, and similar feats. It can be presented on a stage, in a cabaret setting, before small close-up groups, or even for one spectator. Well-known

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by T.A. Waters, "The phrase is often used as a pejorative to imply that an effect under discussion is not suitable for professional performance." Also, many magicians consider the term "parlor" old fashioned and limiting, since this type of magic is often done in rooms much larger than the

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Opinions vary among magicians on how to categorize a given effect, but a number of categories have been developed. Magicians may pull a rabbit from an empty hat, make something seem to disappear, or transform a red silk handkerchief into a green silk handkerchief. Magicians may also destroy

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is performed for an audience primarily composed of children. It is typically performed at birthday parties, preschools, elementary schools, Sunday schools, or libraries. This type of magic is usually comedic in nature and involves audience interaction as well as volunteer assistants.

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anyone outside the profession to prevent the laity from learning their secrets. This often made it difficult for an interested apprentice to learn anything but the basics of magic. Some had strict rules against members discussing magic secrets with anyone but established magicians.

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Many of the principles of stage magic are old. There is an expression, "it's all done with smoke and mirrors", used to explain something baffling, but effects seldom use mirrors today, due to the amount of installation work and transport difficulties. For example, the famous

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Penetration: The magician makes a solid object pass through another—a set of steel rings link and unlink, a candle penetrates an arm, swords pass through an assistant in a basket, a salt shaker penetrates a tabletop, or a man walks through a mirror. Sometimes referred to as

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to create a "magic show" for his audience. More recently, virtual performers have been experimenting with captivating digital animations and illusions that blur the lines between magic tricks and reality. In some cases, the computer essentially replaces the online magician.

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Some online magic tricks recreate traditional card tricks and require user participation, while others, like Plato's Cursed Triangle, are based on mathematical, geometrical, and/or optical illusions. One such online magic trick, called Esmeralda's Crystal Ball, became a

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are performed for large audiences, typically within a theatre or auditorium. This type of magic is distinguished by large-scale props, the use of assistants and often exotic animals such as elephants and tigers. Famous stage illusionists, past and present, include

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Online magic tricks were designed to function on a computer screen. The computer screen affords ways to incorporate magic from the magician's wand to the computer mouse. The use of computing technologies in performance can be traced back to a 1984 presentation by

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magicians use magic to misdirect members of the audience while removing wallets, belts, ties, and other personal effects. It can be presented on a stage, in a cabaret setting, before small close-up groups, or even for one spectator. Well-known pickpockets include

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simulate spiritualistic or mediumistic phenomena for theatrical effect. This genre of stage magic has been misused at times by charlatans pretending to actually be in contact with spirits or supernatural forces. For this reason, some well-known magicians such as

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discussed how technology will continue to play a role in magic by influencing media and communication. According to Jillette, magicians continue to innovate in not only digital communication but also live performances that utilize digital effects. The 2020

760:) imagery. The potential of the stage was exploited for hidden mechanisms and assistants, and the control it offers over the audience's point of view. Maskelyne and Cooke invented many of the illusions still performed today—one of his best-known being 1991:" is an old favourite of street hustlers, who lure the victim into betting on what seems like a simple proposition: to identify, after a seemingly easy-to-track mixing sequence, which one of three face-down cards is the Queen. Another example is the 1282:

performed interactive magic tricks live on TV from 1993 to 1997. Viewers were able to call Wittus Witt live in the television studio and perform a magic trick with him directly. In total, Witt performed this special magic 87 times, every other week.

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makes these points by billing himself as an "honest liar". Alternatively, many performers say that magical acts, as a form of theatre, need no more of a disclaimer than any play or film; this policy was advocated by the magician and mentalist

916:, a stage illusion first used in 19th-century London, required a specially built theatre. Modern performers have vanished objects as large as the Taj Mahal, the Statue of Liberty, and a space shuttle, using other kinds of optical deceptions. 665: 1202:(AKA "The Amazing Randi") have made it their goal to debunk such paranormal phenomena and illustrate that any such effects may be achieved by natural or human means. Randi was the "foremost skeptic" in this regard in the United States. 1682:

Prediction: The magician accurately predicts the choice of a spectator or the outcome of an event—a newspaper headline, the total amount of loose change in the spectator's pocket, a picture drawn on a slate—under seemingly impossible

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As a form of entertainment, magic easily moved from theatrical venues to television specials, which opened up new opportunities for deceptions, and brought stage magic to huge audiences. Famous magicians of the 20th century included

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from ancient times onwards to frighten uneducated people into obedience or turn them into adherents. However, the profession of the illusionist gained strength only in the 18th century, and has enjoyed several popular vogues since.

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Traditionally, magicians refuse to reveal the methods behind their tricks to the audience. Membership in professional magicians' organizations often requires a commitment never to reveal the secrets of magic to non-magicians. When

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Transposition: A transposition involves two or more objects. The magician will cause these objects to change places, as many times as he pleases, and in some cases, ends with a kicker by transforming the objects into something

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in the 1840s. Towards the end of the 19th century, large magic shows permanently staged at big theatre venues became the norm. As a form of entertainment, magic easily moved from theatrical venues to television magic specials.

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Performances that modern observers would recognize as conjuring have been practiced throughout history. For example, a trick with three cups and balls has been performed since 3 BC and is still performed today on stage and in

2114: 627:. In the early 18th century, as belief in witchcraft was waning, the art became increasingly respectable and shows would be put on for rich private patrons. A notable figure in this transition was the English showman, 1608: 1607: 1604: 1609: 1344:

found at trade shows, where their patter and illusions enhance an entertaining presentation of the products offered by their corporate sponsors. Pioneer performers in this arena include Eddie Tullock and

1889:. "The letters were shamelessly predatory and manipulative, variously promising riches, protection from ill-health, and even personal friendship to each recipient – all to get the victim to send money." 3188: 2011:

Performance magic is particularly notable as a key area of popular culture from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries. Many performances and performers can be followed through newspapers of the time.

1641:) or a death trap, and escapes to safety. Examples include being put in a straitjacket and into an overflowing tank of water, and being tied up and placed in a car being sent through a car crusher. 1630:

transposition: a simultaneous, double transportation. A transportation can be seen as a combination of a vanish and a production. When performed by a mentalist it might be called teleportation.

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the turn of the 19th century—today, many of the original mechanisms used for this magic have become antique collector's pieces and may require significant and careful restoration to function.

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is a form of stage magic in which the magician uses a variety of mechanical devices to perform acts that appear to be physically impossible. Examples include such things as a false-bottomed

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living birds flying about the room. He causes living Beasts, Birds, and other Creatures to appear upon the Table. He blows the spots of the Cards off and on, and changes them to any pictures.

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A magician, from the point of view of the audience, seemingly igniting fire out of nowhere from the palm, which can be deemed either stage or shock magic. It can even promote religion.

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Less fraught with controversy, however, may be the use of deceptive practices by those who employ stage magic techniques for personal gain outside the venue of a magic performance.

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have begun to challenge the notion that all magic effects fit into a limited number of categories. Among magicians who believe in a limited number of categories (such as

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was barred from sending fraudulent letters to solicit money from the elderly. "This settlement ends these efforts to cheat Iowa's most vulnerable people," stated

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was widespread and the book tried to demonstrate that these fears were misplaced. Popular belief held that all obtainable copies were burned on the accession of

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These apparently irreconcilable differences of opinion have led to some conflicts among performers. For example, more than thirty years after the illusionist

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Production: The magician produces something from nothing—a rabbit from an empty hat, a fan of cards from thin air, a shower of coins from an empty bucket, a

2091: 771:(1844–1896), also known as Herrmann the Great. Herrmann was a French magician and was part of the Herrmann family name that is the "first-family of magic". 1035:(or table magic) is performed with the audience close to the magician, sometimes even one-on-one. It usually makes use of everyday items as props, such as 778:(1874–1926) took his stage name from Robert-Houdin and developed a range of stage magic tricks, many of them based on what became known after his death as 2509: 267:

achieved widespread commercial success during what has become known as "the Golden Age of Magic", a period in which performance magic became a staple of

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magic is the use of magic which is combined with the very quick changing of costumes. Famous quick-change artists include Sos & Victoria Petrosyan.

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traditional parlor, or even outdoors. A better term for this branch of magic may be "platform", "club" or "cabaret". Examples of such magicians include

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Classical magic is a style of magic that conveys feelings of elegance and skill akin to prominent magicians of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

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with a handheld pattern giving a reversed shadow by mirror symmetry. "It's all done with smoke and mirrors," as we say to explain something baffling.

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The methodology behind magic is often referred to as a science (often a branch of physics) while the performance aspect is more of an art form.

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Almond, Philip C. (2009). "King James I and the burning of Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft: The invention of a tradition".

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creates the illusion that the magician can read minds. Comedy magic is the use of magic combined with stand-up comedy, an example being

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Vanish: The magician makes something disappear—a coin, a cage of doves, milk from a newspaper, an assistant from a cabinet, or even the

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During the 17th century, many similar books were published that described in detail the methods of a number of magic tricks, including

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Transformation: The magician transforms something from one state into another—a silk handkerchief changes color, a lady turns into a

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or his workshop. Notice how the man in the back row steals another man's purse while applying misdirection by looking at the sky.

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Shock magic is a genre of magic that shocks the audience. Sometimes referred to as "geek magic", it takes its roots from circus

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that fooled so many computer users into believing that their computer had supernatural powers, that the fact-checking website

3782: 3650: 2571: 2005: 1691:" a magician may use vanishes, productions, penetrations, teleportation and transformations as part of the one presentation. 1051:), and seemingly 'impromptu' effects. This may be called "table magic", particularly when performed as dinner entertainment. 3378: 2943: 2621: 2417: 3543: 2838: 2004:

including the Magic Collectors' Association, which publishes a quarterly magazine and hosts an annual convention; and the

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phenomena to prey on the bereaved for financial gain. From the 1840s to the 1920s, during the greatest popularity of the

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is an obvious example, and not a surprising one: one of the most respected textbooks of card techniques for magicians,

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by tricks, effects, or illusions of seemingly impossible feats, using natural means. It is to be distinguished from

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Taylor, Nik; Nolan, Stuart. "Performing Fabulous Monsters: re-inventing the gothic personae in bizarre magick".

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Halbe Wahrheit – Ganzes Vergnügen, book by Franz Schiffer,Eppe Co., ISBN 978-3-89089-861-2, 2008, page 125

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to come back to school, to accept assistance and to attend church. The Jewish equivalent is termed Torah magic.

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Towards the end of the century, large magic shows permanently staged at big theatre venues became the norm. The

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The model for the look of a 'typical' magician—a man with wavy hair, a top hat, a goatee, and a tailcoat—was

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Comedy magic is the use of magic in which is combined with stand-up comedy. Famous comedy magicians include

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serious student can find many titles through specialized stores catering to the needs of magic performers.

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Romano, Chuck (January 1995). "The Art of Deception, or The Magical Affinity Between Conjuring and Art".

2305:"Influencing choices with conversational primes: How a magic trick unconsciously influences card choices" 2220: 2140: 247:, has become a popular theatrical art form. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, magicians such as 4234: 4202: 4035: 3714: 3660: 3634: 2224: 2173: 1672: 1644: 1464: 985: 957: 761: 104: 2367:"The Family Romance of Modern Magic: Contesting Robert-Houdin's Cultural Legacy in Contemporary France" 3115: 2678: 1301: 631:, who began to promote his act in advertisements from the 1720s—he even claimed to have performed for 4249: 4045: 4040: 4007: 3961: 3826: 3513: 2998: 2316: 1899: 1563: 1387: 1297: 1194: 1139: 977: 813: 809: 737: 725: 607:' show from 1724 in which he boasts of the success of his performances for the King and Prince George 514: 390: 366: 350: 280: 248: 233: 3927: 3237:"Judgment Bars New York-based Mailing Operation from Iowa; Miller Alleged Company Defrauded Elderly" 1293: 544:(1584), one of the earliest books on magic tricks, explaining how the "Decollation of John Baptist" 4270: 4160: 3967: 3847: 3834: 2126: 2100: 1652: 1328: 1221: 695: 685: 471: 2905:

Monstrous media/spectral subjects : imaging Gothic from the nineteenth century to the present

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Escape: The magician (or less often, an assistant) is placed in a restraining device (e.g.,

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Well known illusionist David Blaine performs magic for Barack Obama at the White House, 2016

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Hollingworth, Guy. "Waiting For Inspiration." Genii Magazine. January 2008 – December 2008.

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Rissanen, Olli; Pitkänen, Petteri; Juvonen, Antti; Kuhn, Gustav; Hakkarainen, Kai (2014).

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ushered onto the world stage a surge of online magic shows. These shows are performed via

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performed feats of magic, sometimes under the guise of scientific exhibitions, throughout

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that employs a hybrid of stage magic, platform, and close-up magic, usually performed '

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Magic has retained its popularity into the 21st century by adapting to the mediums of

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and grifters too may use techniques of stage magic for fraudulent goals. Cheating at

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to give the appearance of removing chicken-giblet "tumors" from patients' abdomens.

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Restoration: The magician destroys an object—a rope is cut, a newspaper is torn, a

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Hass, Larry & Burger, Eugene (November 2000). "The Theory and Art of Magic".

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is the branch of magic that deals with escapes from confinement or restraints.

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Harry Houdini. A Magician Among the Spirits (New York: Harper and Bros., 1924)

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Until the 18th century, magic shows were a common source of entertainment at

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was formed in London in 1905 to promote and advance the art of stage magic.

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devoted much of his time to exposing such fraudulent operators. Magician

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manipulations with rope, paper and coins. At the time, fear and belief in

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magicians take audience members' wallets, wristwatches, belts, and ties.

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Twentieth Century Magic and the Construction of Modern Magical Apparatus

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Recognizing magic as a rare and valuable art form and national treasure

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have also devoted much time to investigating and debunking paranormal,

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uses magic to catechize and evangelize. Gospel magic was first used by

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Penn & Teller's Walk of Fame Star. They are 21st century magicians.

169: 2750: 924: 635:. One of Fawkes' advertisements described his routine in some detail: 3852: 3821: 3487: 1951: 1931: 1874:

bend—spoons within a performance context and has lectured at several

1770: 1272: 1075:, are considered among the foremost practitioners of close-up magic. 932:

Magic is often described according to various specialties or genres.

745: 699: 649: 552:

Among the earliest books on the subject is Gantziony's work of 1489,

475: 99: 3794:

Career, Culture and Social Psychology in a Variety Art: The Magician

3355:

Andrew Blankenstein. "8 Arrested in Downtown Shell-Game Operation,"

3085: 2907:. Botting, Fred,, Spooner, Catherine. Manchester. pp. 128–142. 1785:

was the world's oldest family-run magic shop. It is now closed. The

1217:

magician performing "children's magic" for a birthday party audience

556:, which describes and explains old-time tricks. In 1584, Englishman 500:. They were also used by the practitioners of various religions and 3843: 3830: 3330: 3086:"Davenports Magic. Central London magic shop and school since 1898" 2679:"James Randi, Magician Who Debunked Paranormal Claims, Dies at 92" 2510:"10 Facts About Magicians – Andi Gladwin – Close-Up Magician" 1914:

Fraudulent mediums have long capitalized on the popular belief in

1894: 1812:

Magic performances tend to fall into a few specialties or genres.

1761: 1707: 1687:

Many magic routines use combinations of effects. For example, in "

1601: 1597: 1534: 1522: 1446: 1368: 1364: 1209: 934: 801: 720: 702:. In 1840 he opened the New Strand Theatre, where he performed as 680: 663: 598: 529: 467: 408: 400: 243:

Modern entertainment magic, as pioneered by 19th-century magician

139: 134: 114: 109: 1910:

However, a group of people believe Alexander to be a con-man too.

3729: 3706:

Wonder Shows: Performing Science, Magic, and Religion in America

1044: 612: 501: 459: 433: 3856: 3400: 1983:

by Erdnase, was primarily written as an instruction manual for

1428:

the standard commercial magic approaches of comedy and wonder.

431:

had been at war for centuries, and the Persian priests, called

3063: 2717:"Final goodbye: Recalling influential people who died in 2020" 1600:, an indifferent card changes to the spectator's chosen card. 30:"Illusionist" redirects here. For the artistic tradition, see 3514:"Special collections | State Library of New South Wales" 2018:

Several notable public research collections on magic are the

1411:

wild reactions of the public. Magicians of this type include

728:, a famous magician and illusionist of the late 19th century. 441:

in Greek. Ritual acts of Persian priests came to be known as

342:, magicians can now reach a wider audience than ever before. 240:

means. It is one of the oldest performing arts in the world.

3426: 2254:"Expertise among professional magicians: an interview study" 1558:

restoration or teleportation. Some magicians today, such as

423:

The term "magic" etymologically derives from the Greek word

3672:

Daniel, Noel; Caveney, Mike; Steinmeyer, Jim, eds. (2009).

1902:

wrote about the trickery in con-men exploiting their sworn

452:

One of the earliest known books to explain magic secrets,

3804:. Tiverton, ON: IBM, 1999. 234–238. Print. (Hawk 234–238) 3566:"Carl W. Jones Magic Collection, 1870s–1948: Finding Aid" 1934:

or other spirits. The great escapologist and illusionist

1738:

Persons interested in learning to perform magic can join

679:, originally a clockmaker, who opened a magic theatre in 3477:

Bart King, The Pocket Guide to Magic, Gibbs Smith, 2009

3147:"Hocus focus: how magicians made a fortune on Facebook" 2973:

Stone, Tom. "Lodestones." Genii Magazine. February 2009

3761:

Magic: A Pictorial History of Conjurers in the Theatre

1824:

is performed with the audience close to the magician.

3371:"Research Guides: Magic & magicians: Get started" 2024:

R. B. Robbins Collection of Stage Magic and Conjuring

2566:. New York: Courier Dover Publications. p. 16. 2360: 2358: 2028:

H. Adrian Smith Collection of Conjuring and Magicana

4258: 4212: 4131: 4064: 4026: 3935: 3890: 2412: 2410: 852:. Popular 20th- and 21st-century magicians include 710:his shows and captivating his audience with expert 361:. Magicians use a variety of techniques, including 45: 3638: 2588: 1675:floated a light bulb over the heads of the public. 1323:is a genre of stage magic that combines magic and 1930:effects, which they attributed to the actions of 1857:similar descriptions; for example, the performer 1828:involves escapes from confinement or restraints. 1769:was a member and president for several years. In 462:. The "Father" of modern entertainment magic was 2865:Trade of the Tricks: Inside the Magician's Craft 2437:"Penn & Teller's Cups-and-Balls Magic Trick" 2239:Continuum Companion to Twentieth Century Theatre 519:"Magic Trick" redirects here. For the film, see 236:which are effects claimed to be created through 3181:"Deception's his tool (but he's no politician)" 2867:. University of California Press. p. 125. 1844:and grifters who use deception for cheating at 675:The "Father" of modern entertainment magic was 637: 587:The Anatomy of Legerdemain: The Art of Juggling 1987:. The card trick known as "Find the Lady" or " 1816:use large-scale props and even large animals. 1805:in 2020 began disclosing how tricks worked in 1745:The world's largest magic organization is the 1444:, string through neck and pen-through-tongue. 740:and his partner Cooke were established at the 3868: 3319:from MIT Media Lab: Affective Computing Group 2987:. The International Brotherhood of Magicians. 2221:"Magic Loomed Large in World of Orson Welles" 1820:is performed for a medium to large audience. 345:Magicians are known for closely guarding the 338:modernizing the art form. Through the use of 194: 8: 2942:. Routledge & Sons Ltd. pp. 29–70. 1878:, the Dunninger quote may be said to apply. 943:on stage in a mind-reading performance, 1900 684:ended up in the performances of his rivals, 27:Performing art involving the use of illusion 3490:. Guides.slv.vic.gov.au. 12 February 2012. 3455:. Guides.slv.vic.gov.au. 12 February 2012. 1906:magic to rip off each client they swung in 1138:mentalists of the past and present include 3875: 3861: 3853: 3844:Rare Book and Special Collections Division 3831:Rare Book and Special Collections Division 2888:Burger, Eugene (1989). "A Midnight Talk". 2032:Carl W. Jones Magic Collection, 1870s–1948 201: 187: 72: 51: 2338: 2328: 2279: 2269: 2192:. San Francisco: New Riders. p. 23. 1275:dedicated a page to debunking the trick. 2089:"Do You Believe In Magic? Congress Does" 923: 3820:State Library of Victoria (Australia). 2747:"online magic tricks magical illusions" 2080: 1759:, which publishes the monthly magazine 1499:Camera magic can be done live, such as 671:, pioneer of modern magic entertainment 427:(μαγεία). In ancient times, Greeks and 84: 4113:Mark Wilson's Complete Course In Magic 3747: 3737: 3628:. Charles L. Burlingame & Company. 3329:Robert T. Carroll (23 February 2009). 3213:. Memorable-Quotes.com. Archived from 2830: 2022:at the State Library of Victoria; the 1747:International Brotherhood of Magicians 1304:. In the United States, they included 698:was pioneering the same transition in 474:was pioneering the same transition in 299:informed by their knowledge of magic. 42: 3381:from the original on 18 December 2018 3247:from the original on 1 September 2021 2371:Performing Magic on the Western Stage 2303:Pailhès, Alice; Gustav, Kuhn (2020). 1363:to interest children in 19th-century 896:. Well-known women magicians include 216:, which encompasses the subgenres of 7: 3407:from the original on 21 October 2013 3096:from the original on 22 October 2018 2804:Secrets of the Astonishing Executive 2727:from the original on 12 January 2021 2697:from the original on 22 October 2020 2658:from the original on 15 January 2021 2395:from the original on 11 January 2022 2309:Psychological and Cognitive Sciences 2065:Intellectual rights to magic methods 3126:from the original on 1 January 2019 2512:. Illusionist.co.uk. Archived from 2219:Buffum, Richard (20 October 1985). 2170:"A look at the magicians of cinema" 1292:stage art were the German magician 1001:Encyclopedia of Magic and Magicians 3822:Magic and magicians Research Guide 3696:The Complete Encyclopedia of Magic 3520:from the original on 22 April 2011 3516:. Sl.nsw.gov.au. 3 February 2010. 3459:from the original on 26 March 2015 3285:James Randi Educational Foundation 1749:; it publishes a monthly journal, 1382:is a form of street performing or 377:, as well as verbal and nonverbal 25: 3596:Cornell Collection of Antiquities 3494:from the original on 6 April 2011 3433:from the original on 29 June 2005 3191:from the original on 9 March 2014 3062:. psycrets.org.uk. Archived from 3009:from the original on 1 March 2021 2946:from the original on 8 April 2023 2677:Fox, Margalit (22 October 2020). 2026:at the State Library of NSW; the 1881:In 2016, self-proclaimed psychic 1755:. The oldest organization is the 1735:serve as a visual demonstration. 1063:, following in the traditions of 3926: 3777:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 3641:The Illustrated History of Magic 3337:from the original on 14 May 2011 3275:Randi, James (9 February 2007). 3179:Norman, Tony (31 October 2008). 2562:Christopher, Milbourne (1991) . 2447:from the original on 6 July 2020 2441:Scientific American Blog Network 2044: 437:in Persian, came to be known as 36:The Illusionist (disambiguation) 3774:Conjuring: A Definitive History 3540:"John Hay Library: Collections" 2595:. Chartwell Books Inc. p. 1965:have also been shown to employ 1920:spiritualism religious movement 1613:Transformation: Change of color 279:. Meanwhile, magicians such as 3827:Science, Math and Magic Books 3625:History of Magic and Magicians 3145:Mears, Ashley (28 July 2022). 2852:Master of the Mind – Guy Bavoi 2806:(New York: Avon Books, 1991). 2775:. snopes.com. 21 February 2003 2491:The Unmasking of Robert-Houdin 2189:Visual Effects and Compositing 2113:Gibson, Bill (18 March 2016). 2006:Conjuring Arts Research Center 1922:as well as public interest in 1090:is a well-known example of an 774:The escapologist and magician 496:, or at least for cheating in 492:would also have been used for 1: 2936:Nevil Monroe Hopkins (1898). 2030:at Brown University; and the 1793:, California, is home to the 1757:Society of American Magicians 1724:From the 1584 publication of 704:The Great Wizard of the North 590: 466:, who had a magic theatre in 4089:The Expert at the Card Table 4073:The Discoverie of Witchcraft 3792:Stebbins, Robert A. (1993). 3734:. Manipulatist Books Global. 3333:. The Skeptic's Dictionary. 3310:One-Million-Dollar Challenge 2802:Bill Herz with Paul Harris. 2749:. Real Magic. Archived from 2020:WG Alma Conjuring Collection 1981:The Expert at the Card Table 1667:has often been performed by 563:The Discoverie of Witchcraft 541:The Discoverie of Witchcraft 455:The Discoverie of Witchcraft 373:, and specially constructed 4105:Thirteen Steps to Mentalism 3709:. Rutgers University Press. 3542:. Brown.edu. Archived from 2999:"Magic Summer Reading List" 2168:King, Susan (19 Nov 2013). 2087:Foley, Elise (3 May 2016). 1887:Attorney General Tom Miller 554:Natural and Unnatural Magic 4328: 3720:The Lives of the Conjurors 3600:Cornell University Library 1852:Misuse of the term "magic" 1704:List of magic publications 1701: 920:Types of magic performance 518: 512: 416: 349:they use to achieve their 29: 3924: 3703:Nadis, Fred, ed. (2006). 3090:www.davenportsmagic.co.uk 3003:www.mattmatthewsmagic.com 2837:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2365:Jones, Graham M. (2008). 2241:. Continuum. p. 471. 2034:at Princeton University. 1712:A stage magician using a 1327:. It is commonly used by 752:in 1873 by their manager 677:Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin 669:Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin 464:Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin 310:, with magicians such as 245:Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin 50: 3731:We know how they did it! 3728:Hart, Martin T. (2014). 3676:. Los Angeles: Taschen. 2622:"About The Magic Circle" 2564:Magic: A Picture History 2271:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01484 2237:Chambers, Colin (2002). 2154:Steinmeyer, Jim (2003). 2143:(H.Res 642). March 2016. 2130:. Retrieved 22 May 2016. 2104:. Retrieved 22 May 2016. 1731:Discoverie of Witchcraft 1306:Richard Hatch (Magician) 706:. His success came from 379:psychological techniques 3814:Boston Public Library. 3796:. Malabar, FL: Krieger. 3185:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 2817:"Guy Bavli – Biography" 2379:10.1057/9780230617124_3 2330:10.1073/pnas.2000682117 2258:Frontiers in Psychology 1795:Academy of Magical Arts 1451:French comedy magician 369:, optical and auditory 228:in which audiences are 4154:Hugard's Magic Monthly 3661:Christopher, Milbourne 3635:Christopher, Milbourne 3633:Christopher, Maurine; 3211:"Memorable-Quotes.com" 3120:Guinness World Records 2863:Jones, Graham (2011). 2773:"Online Psychic Trick" 2591:The Great Illusionists 1911: 1717: 1679:"solid-through-solid". 1614: 1538: 1455: 1218: 944: 929: 788:Scranton, Pennsylvania 729: 672: 642: 608: 549: 414: 406: 295:introduced pioneering 145:Professional wrestling 34:. For other uses, see 4225:Films about magicians 3759:Price, David (1985). 3429:. conjuringarts.org. 3375:guides.slv.vic.gov.au 3277:"More Geller Woo-Woo" 3241:Iowa Attorney General 2587:Dawes, Edwin (1979). 2549:10.1093/notesj/gjp002 2225:The Los Angeles Times 2174:The Los Angeles Times 1898: 1711: 1612: 1553:Categories of effects 1526: 1465:The Amazing Johnathan 1450: 1213: 1205: 986:Harry Blackstone, Jr. 958:Harry Blackstone, Sr. 938: 927: 724: 667: 602: 546:decapitation illusion 534:An illustration from 533: 412: 404: 297:filmmaking techniques 224:, among others, is a 3590:Barrett, Caitlín E. 3568:. Arks.princeton.edu 3369:Dunstan, Dominique. 3359:, December 10, 2009. 2723:. Associated Press. 2435:Macknik, Stephen L. 1946:, and the mentalist 1620:woman is cut in half 1329:children's magicians 1246:In a 2008 TED Talk, 814:Harry Blackstone Jr. 810:Harry Blackstone Sr. 786:dedicated to him in 726:John Nevil Maskelyne 583:The Art of Conjuring 515:List of magic tricks 249:John Nevil Maskelyne 4271:Midnight ghost show 4196:Smoke & Mirrors 3848:Library of Congress 3835:Library of Congress 3723:. Tinsley Brothers. 3546:on 30 December 2011 3427:"conjuringarts.org" 3331:"Psychic 'surgery'" 3116:"Oldest magic shop" 2628:on 11 December 2013 2321:2020PNAS..11717675P 2315:(30): 17675–17679. 2186:Gress, Jon (2015). 2156:Hiding the Elephant 2127:The Washington Post 2101:The Huffington Post 1883:The Amazing Kreskin 1653:Balducci levitation 982:Siegfried & Roy 846:Siegfried & Roy 696:John Henry Anderson 686:John Henry Anderson 644:From 1756 to 1781, 472:John Henry Anderson 220:, stage magic, and 3884:Magic and illusion 3401:"Magic Collectors" 3315:2011-07-27 at the 3217:on 7 February 2011 3039:on 1 December 2016 2890:The New Invocation 2683:The New York Times 2418:"History of Magic" 2373:. pp. 33–60. 2120:2016-05-27 at the 2094:2016-06-15 at the 1912: 1718: 1615: 1539: 1483:Quick-change magic 1456: 1442:needle-through-arm 1402:. Since the first 1259:platforms such as 1257:video conferencing 1253:COVID-19 lockdowns 1219: 1195:Theatrical séances 945: 930: 769:Alexander Herrmann 730: 690:Alexander Herrmann 673: 660:Modern stage magic 646:Jacob Philadelphia 609: 603:Advertisement for 550: 521:Magic Trick (film) 415: 407: 165:Street performance 4279: 4278: 3763:. Cornwall Books. 3692:Dunninger, Joseph 3665:Panorama of Magic 3620:Burlingame, H. J. 3357:Los Angeles Times 3060:"psycrets.org.uk" 2537:Notes and Queries 2516:on 2 October 2010 2264:. Finland: 1484. 2070:List of magicians 1999:Researching magic 1944:Penn & Teller 1876:magic conventions 1838:Penn & Teller 1669:David Copperfield 1610: 1591:Statue of Liberty 1477:Penn & Teller 1287:Theatre Magic-Art 1236:David Copperfield 1041:Card manipulation 970:David Copperfield 854:David Copperfield 822:Theodore Annemann 316:Penn & Teller 312:David Copperfield 211: 210: 71: 70: 32:Illusionism (art) 16:(Redirected from 4319: 4292:Magic (illusion) 4266:Indian magicians 4168:The Linking Ring 3930: 3877: 3870: 3863: 3854: 3840:Magic Apparatus 3797: 3788: 3764: 3755: 3749: 3745: 3743: 3735: 3724: 3710: 3699: 3687: 3674:Magic 1400–1950s 3668: 3656: 3644: 3629: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3602:. Archived from 3578: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3366: 3360: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3326: 3320: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3287:. Archived from 3281:SWIFT Newsletter 3272: 3266: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3035:. Archived from 3025: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3014: 2995: 2989: 2988: 2985:The Linking Ring 2980: 2974: 2971: 2965: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2860: 2854: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2836: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2813: 2807: 2800: 2794: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2753:on 17 April 2011 2743: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2652:www.macfound.org 2644: 2638: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2624:. Archived from 2617: 2611: 2610: 2594: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2532: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2506: 2500: 2499: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2468:The Linking Ring 2463: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2414: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2362: 2353: 2352: 2342: 2332: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2283: 2273: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2234: 2228: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2183: 2177: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2158:. Da Capo Press. 2151: 2145: 2144: 2137: 2131: 2111: 2105: 2085: 2060:Exposure (magic) 2054: 2049: 2048: 1989:Three-card Monte 1908:The Dr. Q. Book. 1864:Joseph Dunninger 1779:The Magic Circle 1752:The Linking Ring 1673:Harry Blackstone 1657:invisible thread 1649:Asrah levitation 1611: 1560:Guy Hollingworth 1542:Mechanical magic 1519:Mechanical magic 1302:Alexander Adrion 1278:German magician 1269:viral phenomenon 1222:Children's magic 1206:Children's magic 1102:Pickpocket magic 1014:Channing Pollock 902:Dorothy Dietrich 830:Joseph Dunninger 794:The Magic Circle 617:sword swallowing 595: 592: 548:may be performed 419:History of magic 269:Broadway theatre 234:paranormal magic 203: 196: 189: 73: 64:Hieronymus Bosch 62:, 1475–1480, by 55: 43: 21: 4327: 4326: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4317: 4316: 4312:Performing arts 4282: 4281: 4280: 4275: 4254: 4220:Conjuring terms 4208: 4127: 4060: 4051:Sleight of hand 4028: 4022: 3931: 3922: 3886: 3881: 3811: 3802:The Illusionist 3791: 3785: 3767: 3758: 3746: 3736: 3727: 3713: 3702: 3690: 3684: 3671: 3659: 3653: 3632: 3618: 3609: 3607: 3589: 3586: 3584:Further reading 3581: 3571: 3569: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3549: 3547: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3523: 3521: 3512: 3511: 3507: 3497: 3495: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3476: 3472: 3462: 3460: 3451: 3450: 3446: 3436: 3434: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3368: 3367: 3363: 3354: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3317:Wayback Machine 3308: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3291:on 10 July 2009 3274: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3250: 3248: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3194: 3192: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3129: 3127: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3099: 3097: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3066:on 31 July 2019 3057: 3056: 3052: 3042: 3040: 3033:www.drachen.org 3027: 3026: 3022: 3012: 3010: 2997: 2996: 2992: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2959: 2949: 2947: 2935: 2934: 2930: 2915: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2875: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2850: 2846: 2829: 2822: 2820: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2778: 2776: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2756: 2754: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2715: 2714: 2710: 2700: 2698: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2659: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2631: 2629: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2607: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2574: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2519: 2517: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2450: 2448: 2434: 2433: 2429: 2424:on 15 May 2006. 2416: 2415: 2408: 2398: 2396: 2389: 2364: 2363: 2356: 2302: 2301: 2297: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2236: 2235: 2231: 2218: 2214: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2167: 2163: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2122:Wayback Machine 2112: 2108: 2096:Wayback Machine 2086: 2082: 2078: 2050: 2043: 2040: 2001: 1967:sleight of hand 1854: 1814:Stage illusions 1807:Facebook videos 1706: 1700: 1665:flying illusion 1661:King levitation 1602: 1580:dove from a pan 1555: 1521: 1513: 1511:Classical magic 1496: 1485: 1461: 1434: 1425: 1377: 1354: 1341: 1339:Corporate magic 1318: 1298:Punx (Magician) 1289: 1231: 1208: 1192: 1160:Deddy Corbuzier 1132: 1104: 1081: 1030: 993: 962:Howard Thurston 953:Stage illusions 950: 948:Stage illusions 922: 866:Penn and Teller 818:Howard Thurston 662: 593: 568:sleight-of-hand 524: 517: 511: 421: 399: 363:sleight of hand 359:magic community 289:Walter R. Booth 257:Howard Thurston 207: 160:Stand-up comedy 86:Performing arts 67: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4325: 4323: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4284: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4273: 4268: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4253: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4216: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4206: 4199: 4192: 4185: 4178: 4171: 4164: 4157: 4150: 4143: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4125: 4117: 4109: 4101: 4097:Tarbell Course 4093: 4085: 4077: 4068: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4056:Pepper's ghost 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4032: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3973:Close-up magic 3970: 3965: 3955: 3945: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3932: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3882: 3880: 3879: 3872: 3865: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3837: 3824: 3818: 3810: 3809:External links 3807: 3806: 3805: 3798: 3789: 3783: 3765: 3756: 3748:|website= 3725: 3711: 3700: 3688: 3683:978-3836509770 3682: 3669: 3657: 3651: 3630: 3616: 3606:on 26 May 2015 3585: 3582: 3580: 3579: 3557: 3531: 3505: 3479: 3470: 3444: 3418: 3392: 3361: 3348: 3321: 3302: 3267: 3258: 3228: 3202: 3171: 3137: 3107: 3077: 3050: 3020: 2990: 2975: 2966: 2957: 2928: 2914:978-0719098130 2913: 2895: 2892:(49): 558–593. 2880: 2874:978-0520950528 2873: 2855: 2844: 2808: 2795: 2786: 2764: 2738: 2721:www.wwnytv.com 2708: 2669: 2639: 2612: 2606:978-0890092408 2605: 2579: 2572: 2554: 2543:(2): 209–213. 2527: 2501: 2486:Houdini, Harry 2477: 2458: 2427: 2406: 2388:978-1349374649 2387: 2354: 2295: 2244: 2229: 2212: 2198: 2178: 2161: 2146: 2132: 2106: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2039: 2036: 2000: 1997: 1859:Jamy Ian Swiss 1853: 1850: 1822:Close-up magic 1818:Platform magic 1699: 1698:Learning magic 1696: 1689:cups and balls 1685: 1684: 1683:circumstances. 1680: 1676: 1642: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1616: 1594: 1587: 1572:Harlan Tarbell 1568:Dariel Fitzkee 1554: 1551: 1520: 1517: 1512: 1509: 1507:'s illusions. 1495: 1492: 1484: 1481: 1460: 1457: 1433: 1430: 1424: 1421: 1417:Cyril Takayama 1376: 1373: 1361:St. John Bosco 1353: 1350: 1340: 1337: 1317: 1314: 1294:Fredo Marvelli 1288: 1285: 1230: 1227: 1207: 1204: 1191: 1188: 1148:Axel Hellstrom 1131: 1128: 1124:Apollo Robbins 1112:James Freedman 1103: 1100: 1080: 1077: 1033:Close-up magic 1029: 1028:Close-up magic 1026: 992: 989: 966:Chung Ling Soo 949: 946: 921: 918: 914:Pepper's Ghost 906:visual effects 890:Jay & Joss 784:Houdini Museum 754:William Morton 661: 658: 633:King George II 625:fire breathing 513:Main article: 510: 507: 417:Main article: 398: 395: 281:Georges Méliès 226:performing art 222:close-up magic 209: 208: 206: 205: 198: 191: 183: 180: 179: 178: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 89: 88: 82: 81: 69: 68: 56: 48: 47: 26: 24: 18:Stage magician 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4324: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4302:Circus skills 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4257: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4165: 4163: 4162: 4158: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4149: 4148: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3878: 3873: 3871: 3866: 3864: 3859: 3858: 3855: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3817: 3816:Magic posters 3813: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3790: 3786: 3780: 3776: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3753: 3741: 3733: 3732: 3726: 3722: 3721: 3716: 3715:Frost, Thomas 3712: 3708: 3707: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3679: 3675: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3648: 3645:. Heinemann. 3643: 3642: 3636: 3631: 3627: 3626: 3621: 3617: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3567: 3561: 3558: 3545: 3541: 3535: 3532: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3506: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3480: 3474: 3471: 3458: 3454: 3448: 3445: 3432: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3365: 3362: 3358: 3352: 3349: 3336: 3332: 3325: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3311: 3306: 3303: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3271: 3268: 3262: 3259: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3229: 3216: 3212: 3206: 3203: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3172: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3151:The Economist 3148: 3141: 3138: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3065: 3061: 3054: 3051: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2994: 2991: 2986: 2979: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2945: 2941: 2940: 2932: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2910: 2906: 2899: 2896: 2891: 2884: 2881: 2876: 2870: 2866: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2848: 2845: 2840: 2834: 2818: 2812: 2809: 2805: 2799: 2796: 2790: 2787: 2774: 2768: 2765: 2752: 2748: 2742: 2739: 2726: 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1996: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1963:faith healers 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1936:Harry Houdini 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1865: 1860: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1765:and of which 1764: 1763: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1741: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1727: 1726:Reginald Scot 1722: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1536: 1533: / 1532: 1529: 1525: 1518: 1516: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1431: 1429: 1423:Bizarre magic 1422: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1392:Jeff Sheridan 1389: 1385: 1381: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1248:Penn Jillette 1244: 1241: 1238:, who used a 1237: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1216: 1212: 1203: 1201: 1196: 1189: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1168:Rich Ferguson 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1108: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1092:escape artist 1089: 1088:Harry Houdini 1085: 1078: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1057:Mahdi Moudini 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1002: 997: 990: 988: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 954: 947: 942: 937: 933: 926: 919: 917: 915: 909: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 797: 795: 791: 789: 785: 781: 777: 776:Harry Houdini 772: 770: 765: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 742:Egyptian Hall 739: 738:J N Maskelyne 735: 727: 723: 719: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 691: 687: 682: 678: 670: 666: 659: 657: 655: 651: 647: 641: 636: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 606: 601: 597: 588: 584: 579: 577: 573: 569: 565: 564: 559: 558:Reginald Scot 555: 547: 543: 542: 537: 536:Reginald Scot 532: 528: 522: 516: 508: 506: 503: 499: 495: 494:entertainment 491: 486: 480: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 456: 450: 448: 444: 440: 436: 435: 430: 426: 420: 411: 403: 396: 394: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 343: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 300: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 265:Harry Houdini 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 241: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 204: 199: 197: 192: 190: 185: 184: 182: 181: 176: 175:Ventriloquism 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 105:Circus skills 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 92: 91: 90: 87: 83: 79: 75: 74: 65: 61: 60: 54: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 4240:Publications 4201: 4194: 4187: 4180: 4173: 4166: 4159: 4152: 4145: 4138: 4119: 4111: 4103: 4095: 4087: 4081:Modern Magic 4079: 4071: 4046:Misdirection 4041:Equivocation 3883: 3801: 3800:Hawk, Mike. 3793: 3773: 3769:Randi, James 3760: 3730: 3719: 3705: 3695: 3673: 3664: 3640: 3624: 3608:. 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Alexander 1891: 1880: 1868: 1855: 1811: 1799: 1787:Magic Castle 1760: 1750: 1744: 1737: 1729: 1723: 1719: 1693: 1686: 1639:straitjacket 1583: 1556: 1540: 1514: 1501:Derren Brown 1497: 1494:Camera magic 1488:Quick-change 1486: 1462: 1459:Comedy magic 1453:Éric Antoine 1435: 1426: 1413:David Blaine 1408:Street Magic 1407: 1404:David Blaine 1388:in the round 1380:Street magic 1378: 1375:Street magic 1357:Gospel magic 1355: 1352:Gospel magic 1342: 1319: 1290: 1277: 1265: 1245: 1240:Commodore 64 1232: 1229:Online magic 1220: 1193: 1164:Derren Brown 1133: 1116:David Avadon 1105: 1096:escapologist 1095: 1091: 1082: 1031: 1018:Black Herman 1010:David Abbott 1006:Jeff McBride 1000: 996:Parlor magic 994: 991:Parlor magic 974:Lance Burton 951: 931: 910: 878:Derren Brown 870:David Blaine 858:Lance Burton 850:Doug Henning 842:Tommy Wonder 838:Fred Culpitt 806:David Devant 798: 792: 773: 766: 731: 703: 694: 674: 643: 638: 629:Isaac Fawkes 610: 605:Isaac Fawkes 586: 582: 580: 561: 553: 551: 539: 525: 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