228:. According to the studies of Mohiuddin, the mechanical and machine building industries had employed surplus workers by PPP for various political reasons, which led the sharp decrease in productivity and increase in dead weight losses. However, not everything was stagflated, some industrial corporation, particularly in cement, petroleum, and fertilizers made profits, others endured with heavy losses. By the end of 1977, Bhutto's economic policy measure programme produced an inevitable huge losses; high budget deficits; high unemployment and fall of GDP growth rate; and an excess of high government expenditures over revenues and inflation.
733:
1025:
1016:
836:
1274:
2595:
762:(PIDE) vice-chairman Dr. Rashid Amjad claims that, "the fiscal and financial constraints are hampering the capacity for investment and growth and the Finance ministry are reluctant to support rapid development of deeper debt markets." Ahmad further endorsed and maintained that, "a major cause of continuing stagflation in Pakistan was lack of Gilani's policy coordination between fiscal and monetary authorities."
814:
164:
715:, the inflation rate of prices of goods and services in an economy rise over a period of time. This is due to economic mismanagement of highest order, notably at the government which was presided by Gillani. The Shaukat Aziz era, which had begun with high growth, inherited the government to Yousaf Raza Gillani, began to stagnant and stagflated in 2008. In 2012, just months before being ousted by
766:
country, nearly ~40.0% of the population fell under the line of poverty, with 16.0% rise in the inflation during his four years of presiding over the country. The new strict and tight monetary policy could not tame the soaring inflation, it did stagnate the economic growth. One economist maintained that stagflation took place when the tight monetary policy did not encourage the strong
485:. At the very beginning the economic slowdown and crises was acknowledge by the new government and Musharraf installed another system known as "Broad-based strategy." The military government wanted a quick economic turnaround and for that purpose, Aziz was brought up to national politics. The planned economic system was disbanded by Aziz and replaced with a new system known as "
402:
519:
706:
less-trained working class labour, on a political basis, which slowed down the technological productivity and halted the overall social, political, economical growth. Experts views this problem as this problem also reduced the
Gillani's government ability to earn adequate revenues foreign exchange, keeping fiscal and external balances perpetually under pressure.
602:, causing the economy first becoming stagnant. Under the presiding rule of Gillani, the state currency value of the Rupee (₨.) crashed from 60-1 USD to 80-1 USD in only a month, the prices of commodities soared through the roof, the number of people living below poverty line increased from 60 million to 77 million. The country's
590:. The new politically dominated collective leadership government led by Prime minister Yousaf Raza Gillani had first struggle to appoint capable finance ministers, and dramatically ousted two Finance ministers of the country. Temporarily, the charge of restoration of the national economy was given to
453:
However, Sharif's reform suffered a major set back in 1999 when the country began militarily involved with India in two occasions, which led the dismissal of his government in 1999. By the time Sharif was dismissed the GDP remains at ~3.19%, though the unemployment and inflation rate decreases down
753:
reasoned that more than ~48% unskilled and blue collar workers were absorbed in the private-sector industries after the government-management ownership which was engaged in agriculture; thus resulted in a decline of productivity and labour discipline. Though, the specialists and economists remains
723:
federal budget which
Gillani admitted the country's economy was facing the period of stagflation. The fifth budget is an attempt to counter the stagflation by enhancing the salaries of the government and party officials and members; but the rising inflation has already eroded the incomes more than
504:
policies, taxation framework and a consistent investment policy. The implementation and enforcement of economic liberalisation and privatization programmes led the boom the economy, which subsequently ended the stagflation era, and for the first time since 1984, the GDP growth had reached to 9.0%—
449:
in the wake of nuclear tests, the foreign exchange increased to $ 1.5 billion, the stock market improved and inflation was contained at 3.5% as opposed to 7% in 1993-96. Sharif's second government restored the GDP growth to 3.49% in 1997, tough inflation remains high at 11.80%. Little progress was
429:
170 billion to national and foreign investors. Constant economic pressure and failure of the planned economy led the dismissal from power of
Benazir Bhutto in 1996 when she failed to materialize her and the relatively poor economic growth. By the 1996, the economic GDP growth had reached to 1.70%
143:
from 2008–2012, is held responsible for doing too little to improve the economic situation. The leading financial critics points out that
Gillani's government carried out no major economic reforms to encourage economic development and the few policy measures and reforms were either very modest or
705:
wiped out the 20% of the economic infrastructure in the country and the economic development initiated by private sector was curbed to ~2.5%, resulting the billion dollar worth of loss of private sector. In a less intensified nationalization programme, there was a massive hiring of unskilled and
765:
One factor may involved in the stagflation is attributed to the mathematical calculation performed by PIDE, that points out that the "nation's currency in circulation as a percentage of total deposits is 31%, which is very high as compared to neighboring India". Under
Gillani's presiding of the
235:
was increased by nearly ~22.0% in rural areas and ~10.0% in urban areas. The Gini coefficient was increased from 0.231 in 1972 to ~0.263—0.355 in 1979-80 in the country. The inflation and unemployment increased to 16.0% in the 1970s in contrast to 5.0% in the 1960s. The controversial and poorly
183:
had provided employment and market of ~50% of West
Pakistan's goods and materials before the 1970s. The civil war had shattered the economy; the captive markets, employments, and industrial attraction in East Pakistan was lost, and the industrial production in the country came to halt. Bhutto's
424:
set target to achieve 6.9% for the GDP growth by 1995, but eventually the GDP Growth rate lowered to 5.3% and ended up at 4.30%. The stagflation generally affected the industrial growth target which was aimed to achieve 7%, but "suffered a serious shortfall in its productivity and instead the
393:
in state media and the growth did not contain the sustainability. The privatization programme under the economic liberalisation programme came with largely surrounded controversies and reckless by Nawaz Sharif to implement his programme. According to the
Pakistan Peoples Party, Nawaz Sharif's
758:, posthumously blamed Yousaf Raza Gillani for doing too little to improve the economic situation. Throughout his democratic rule, no major reforms were initiated and the corruption, tax evasion, and the bad governance are likely to be modest factors to cause the stagflation. In 2012, the
425:
industrial growth ends up at the 5.0%, with many industrial firms and factories were forced to closed down, adding to the ranks of the unemployed." The country's stock markets saw the sharpest fall in the history of the country, and its value of shares falls to 40.0%, with total loss of
50:, which has affected Pakistan's economic trajectory since its inception. Pakistan's economy is battling a state of virtual "stagflation", means that Pakistan is grappling with the challenging conditions of sluggish economic activity, rising unemployment and rising inflation.
196:
to revitalize the stagnant economy and introduced the nationalization programme which nationalized entire private industrial corporations under government-ownership management which was devolved into a substantial state-sector. Bhutto cancelled the
437:, Nawaz Sharif made several attempts to end the stagflation in the country. Overall, the conditions had been worsened and a year after being elected, Sharif ordered the nuclear tests in a response to India's nuclear aggression. Despite the
574:. Musharraf's dismissal led the establishment of more socialist and leftist (although nationalist as well) (soviet oriented) collective leadership-style government; the share of the government was distributed in among the leadership of
420:", Aziz posthumously blamed the second government of Pakistan Peoples Party, and pointed out the failure of the planned economic system of Benazir Bhutto. In the Eighth Plan, Benazir Bhutto, assisted by her financial advisers at the
754:
unclear what key factor causes the stagflation, the many multiple factors can be attributed; on the other hand, the key media political specialists and economics writers, including the independent and neutral organization, such as
748:
wrote that the Gilani's government "had upset the balance between the private and public sector, when the government resorts to massive employment in the public sector on political basis, badly affecting its profitability." The
770:
to play a key part in growth. Analyzing the stagflation problem, the PIDE observed that a major cause of continuous era of stagflation in
Pakistan was lack of coordination between fiscal and monetary authorities.
205:'s government replaced economic planning and institutionalized competence by appointing highly qualified personnel who took an ad hoc approach to planning the new economic system. The recommendations of the
1531:
184:
government faced with many difficult problems experienced by
Pakistan's economy including the low productivity combined with a high rate of monetary in circulation. As response to this, Bhutto
1093:
2572:
1632:
1345:
724:
they are likely to get. The experts believed that the government is not in any position to give any relief to the masses, as the government is s facing multifaceted crisis.
2453:
231:
Bhutto had won the popularity on economic and social justice, but studies shows that income distribution had worsened under his government. Mohiuddin pointed out that the
129:. Pakistan's leading economists and financial scholars are uncertain to the causes of stagflation, and many attribute this period to several factors including the state's
113:'s government who implemented much tougher taxation, monetary and financial development policies in the 2000s. After Aziz's reforms, the third period came about after the
1666:
1911:
1828:
1756:
2328:
2063:
1500:
1460:
1155:
606:(which dominated the population of the country) became virtually deprived from basic necessities and natural resources, notably the food, water and electricity.
1788:
2003:
1054:
1381:
1986:
1523:
759:
710:
2652:
2632:
381:
came to the power for the first time in the history of
Pakistan. Nawaz Sharif strike the stagflation with full force after forcefully implementing the
1191:
790:
563:
575:
2068:
1417:
130:
539:
2642:
2617:
1339:
1077:
985:
492:
There was a ~70% declining in the national economy with the loss of $ 150 million (1999) to $ 600 million (2000), which constituted 0.21% of
220:. The heavy mechanical industries were insufficiently overstaffed and failed to produce the effective productivity, with accumulated loss of
1734:
1700:
394:
government arbitrarily fixing the reference prices of the (privatized) state units and ignoring those suggested by the evaluations; though,
2637:
2051:
890:
547:
236:
studied financial policies and political resentment led the dismissal of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1977 and was subsequent executed in 1979.
867:
450:
made by Sharif in 1998, and his reforms only leveled up the GDP growth to 4.19%, while retaining the inflation and unemployment at 7.8%.
2557:
2516:
2289:
1959:
1899:
927:
732:
386:
257:
122:
102:
2622:
2567:
2338:
2301:
1853:
245:
595:
126:
2390:
2365:
1964:
1781:
1087:
486:
463:
249:
62:
1624:
1565:
1327:
2448:
2323:
474:
434:
2577:
2385:
2279:
531:
374:
114:
2582:
2311:
2230:
1865:
421:
206:
701:, the stagflation hit the poor and working class very hard, the key voter of the ruling party, Pakistan Peoples Party. The
2468:
2274:
2262:
2058:
2041:
1996:
1954:
1906:
1805:
1658:
442:
1221:
389:
programmes. The stagflation was temporarily ended in the country. However, Sharif's programmes were widely criticized by
2627:
2598:
2348:
2343:
2284:
2144:
2095:
2026:
2021:
1949:
1929:
1921:
1870:
1774:
720:
47:
1492:
1464:
2647:
2473:
2358:
2132:
2117:
1939:
1934:
1151:
438:
213:
198:
193:
168:
158:
1048:
1860:
1377:
755:
587:
567:
535:
409:
140:
118:
1250:
2562:
2182:
2112:
1974:
1944:
716:
571:
497:
493:
382:
253:
106:
66:
2427:
2422:
2405:
2400:
1187:
2443:
2296:
2199:
2127:
2100:
1991:
2395:
2252:
2240:
2105:
1848:
390:
217:
82:
2521:
2488:
2478:
2318:
2215:
2189:
2137:
2036:
2013:
562:. To counter Musharraf's legitimacy, Gillani and his collective leadership developed the idea to uplift
551:
86:
1409:
1292:
598:, growth in Pakistan halted the abruptly and stalled for a longer period than any other states in the
2463:
2417:
2333:
2306:
2269:
2257:
2154:
2078:
1894:
702:
579:
523:
90:
2412:
2353:
2177:
2149:
1797:
785:
737:
559:
555:
202:
136:
78:
70:
2499:
2225:
2159:
1750:
1726:
1692:
1047:
Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (1980). "The Phenomenon of Stagflation in Pakistan".
446:
430:(lowest growth since 1970) and the rate of inflation had risen to 10.79% (highest since 1991).
2483:
2245:
2235:
2220:
2122:
2046:
1335:
1083:
981:
973:
859:
591:
919:
2495:
2458:
826:
543:
478:
232:
2531:
2031:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1273:
221:
192:
and announced the new labour policy at an instance. The first attempt was to establish a
780:
767:
426:
405:
189:
94:
17:
2611:
2541:
1979:
1823:
974:"The Nationalization and Authoritarian Populism Under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto; 1971-1977"
603:
501:
180:
54:
1818:
1813:
482:
378:
163:
110:
98:
1557:
93:
facilitated a second period of stagflation in the 1990s. During this period, both
1595:
831:
395:
185:
43:
518:
201:
and focused on intensifying government control of private business industries.
1217:
599:
74:
58:
2526:
698:
481:
and without wasting any time, the new military government brought a role of
401:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
53:
The first period of stagflation began in the 1970s after the secession of
1334:. United States: Nova Science Publishers. pp. 72, 83, 84, 101, 104.
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
209:
were bypassed and economic planning became more politicized after 1974.
1246:
225:
1766:
1659:"Gilani's term was worst ever in Pakistan: Transparency International"
1380:. Bazm-e-Iqbal World from the eyes of a British Pakistani. p. 1.
980:. United States, Library of Congress: ABC-CLIO Inc. pp. 100–150.
594:
who made partial success on presenting the federal budget. During the
101:
attempted to tackle stagflation, with Nawaz Sharif first implementing
2536:
583:
73:
made an attempt to end this period, it was subsequently ended by the
813:
Amjad, Rashid; Musleh ud Din and Abdul Qayyum (16 September 2011).
530:
The economic performance and growth dramatically decayed after the
2194:
1272:
731:
517:
400:
162:
1720:
1718:
808:
806:
133:, corruption, tough monetary policies and several other factors.
1211:
1209:
1770:
1551:
1549:
1524:"'Stagflation' Stalks Pakistan Economy as Bank Meets on Rates"
891:"Economy slips into stagflation: GDP growth at a meagre 0.29%"
1652:
1650:
815:"Pakistan: Breaking Out of Stagflation into Sustained Growth"
1491:
Syed Fazl-e-Haider, Special to Gulf News (20 January 2011).
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1378:"Pakistan People's Party - collective leadership failure"
144:
collapsed due to opposition from his party's leadership.
1286:
1284:
913:
911:
500:(FDI) offering incentives to foreign investors with his
412:) during the peak times of second period of stagflation.
1376:
Ahmad, Nazir; Chaudhry Javed Iqbal (13 December 2009).
377:, the right-wing conservatives under the leadership of
1241:
1239:
736:
The third era of stagflation began under the rule of
1247:"Some landmark cases of corruption in Privatization"
216:
brought a bad juncture and severe the reputation of
2550:
2509:
2436:
2378:
2208:
2168:
2086:
2077:
2012:
1920:
1837:
1804:
1188:"Related Data From the International Monetary Fund"
1050:
The State of Pakistan's economy, 1970-71 to 1979-80
522:The high fall in currency value in contrast to the
1686:
1684:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1618:
1616:
1912:Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan
1455:
967:
965:
1461:"Stagflation in Pakistan: Concepts Demystified"
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1053:. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
1018:Foreign Policy in Perspective of Benazir Bhutto
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
171:to tackle down the stagflation with full force.
1015:Panhwar, Suni S. "Building a Broken Country".
1782:
8:
1987:Pakistan and the International Monetary Fund
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1190:. Pakistan Inflation Index Monitoring Cell.
1755:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1403:
1401:
1399:
1218:"Economic Liberalisation and Privatization"
1154:. Islamabad: Dawn Wire Service. p. 1.
1024:. Foreign Policy in Perspective Copyright.
760:Pakistan Institute of Development Economics
2083:
1789:
1775:
1767:
1332:The Musharraf Regime and Governance Crises
1293:"Sartaj defends Nawaz's economic policies"
526:, indicating the high rise in stagflation.
1076:Federal Research Division (1 June 2004).
830:
2004:Pakistani economic crisis (2022–present)
1493:"Stagflation hits poor hard in Pakistan"
1271:See the graph for the GDP Growth Rate:
608:
261:
802:
496:global flow. Aziz took initiatives for
1748:
1737:from the original on 22 September 2012
1703:from the original on 22 September 2012
1596:"Budget to entail populist overtones?"
1420:from the original on 28 September 2012
509:Economic decay and responsive measures
175:Yasmeen Niaz Mohiuddin, the author of
40:inflation and unemployment in Pakistan
1725:23 February 2012 (23 February 2012).
1669:from the original on 8 September 2012
1224:from the original on 16 February 2010
1158:from the original on 29 February 2012
477:led by chairman joint chiefs general
27:Pakistani economic historical periods
7:
1727:"Steps urged to boost bank deposits"
1693:"Steps urged to boost bank deposits"
1568:from the original on 17 January 2023
1348:from the original on 17 January 2023
1096:from the original on 17 January 2023
1057:from the original on 17 January 2023
791:Post–World War II economic expansion
744:Reasoning with the stagflation, the
1522:Farhan Sharif (27 September 2010).
1408:Ranjha, Khadija (27 January 2009).
1194:from the original on 20 August 2012
473:In 1999, Sharif was dismissed in a
258:Economic liberalisation in Pakistan
177:Pakistan: A Global Studies Handbook
1854:Governor of State Bank of Pakistan
1635:from the original on 28 March 2014
1625:"Stagflation: a bane for progress"
1534:from the original on 28 March 2014
1291:Staff Reports (29 November 2002).
1028:from the original on 11 April 2014
839:from the original on 13 April 2014
246:Seventh Five-Year Plans (Pakistan)
109:. The second period was ended by
25:
2653:Government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
2633:Government of Yousaf Raza Gillani
1965:Medium Term Development Framework
1556:Niaz Murtaza (22 February 2011).
1384:from the original on 28 July 2011
1220:. Tripod Publications, Pakistan.
930:from the original on 15 July 2012
505:one of the highest in the world.
487:Medium Term Development Framework
464:Medium Term Development Framework
250:Eighth Five-Year Plans (Pakistan)
2594:
2593:
1503:from the original on 13 May 2013
1253:from the original on 3 July 2013
972:Mohiuddin, Yasmeen Niaz (2007).
870:from the original on 28 May 2012
1216:Tripod Publications, Pakistan.
819:The Lahore Journal of Economics
398:strongly dismissed the claims.
2366:Mobile phone network operators
1731:Dawn Newspapers, February 2012
1665:. Transparency International.
1623:Anver, Khalid (7 March 2011).
1594:Mohammad Jamil (27 May 2012).
1463:. Pakistaniaat. Archived from
918:Haroon, Ayesha (16 May 2012).
797:Scholarly notes and references
786:History of Pakistan since 1971
433:After returning to power with
408:was presiding the country (as
1:
1907:Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
1691:Reporter (23 February 2012).
889:Rana, Shahbaz (8 June 2023).
596:financial crisis of 2007–2008
69:. Although the government of
2643:Government of Benazir Bhutto
2618:Economic history of Pakistan
1871:Finance Minister of Pakistan
1150:Aziz, Sartaj (18 May 1995).
1082:. United States Government.
832:10.35536/lje.2011.v16.isp.a2
458:Reassessment and development
240:Second period of stagflation
2638:Nawaz Sharif administration
1562:Dawn News, 22 February 2011
858:Bilal Ahmad (24 May 2012).
194:command and control economy
159:Nationalization in Pakistan
153:First period of stagflation
2669:
2558:Central business districts
2517:Central business districts
2510:Central business districts
1663:Transparency International
1152:"The Curse of Stagflation"
978:Pakistan: A Global Studies
756:Transparency International
461:
278:(according to Sartaj Aziz)
271:(according to Sartaj Aziz)
243:
156:
141:Prime Minister of Pakistan
42:, are periods of economic
2623:1970s in economic history
2591:
1975:National debt of Pakistan
1079:Pakistan: A Country Study
498:Foreign direct investment
454:to 2%, and was at 5.74%.
254:Privatization in Pakistan
214:Nationalization programme
81:in the 1980s. The end of
67:Bangladesh Liberation War
1900:Federal Board of Revenue
1326:Mahmood, Sohail (2001).
719:, Gillani presented the
566:and restore the Justice
514:Third era of stagflation
469:Policies and enforcement
443:Russian financial crises
418:The curse of stagflation
2578:Pakistanis by net worth
2329:Cottage and small scale
2221:Entertainment and Media
2200:Pakistan Stock Exchange
1992:Foreign aid to Pakistan
1960:Economic Liberalization
1829:State-owned enterprises
1249:. Tripod Publications.
627:Stagflation Growth Rate
387:economic liberalization
373:As an aftermath of the
199:planned economic system
127:global financial crisis
103:economic liberalization
36:Stagflation in Pakistan
18:Stagflation in Pakistan
2339:Information technology
2302:Science and technology
2253:Healthcare in Pakistan
1970:Periods of stagflation
1849:State Bank of Pakistan
1277:
924:The News International
864:The News International
741:
532:2008 general elections
527:
439:Asian financial crises
413:
391:Pakistan Peoples Party
375:1990 general elections
218:Pakistan Peoples Party
172:
167:Bhutto authorised the
32:Periods of Stagflation
2568:International ranking
2522:I. I. Chundrigar Road
1955:Islamic economization
1558:"An economic dilemma"
1297:Daily Times, Pakistan
1276:
735:
552:collective leadership
521:
404:
166:
131:role in war on terror
125:, in addition to the
57:and the formation of
2324:Books and publishing
728:Reasoning and causes
475:military coup d'Ă©tat
91:U.S. aid to Pakistan
2628:Economy of Pakistan
1798:Economy of Pakistan
895:The Express Tribune
738:Yousaf Raza Gillani
556:Yousaf Raza Gillani
548:forced to step down
207:Planning Commission
203:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
148:Historical analysis
137:Yousaf Raza Gillani
123:North-West Pakistan
75:military government
71:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
2648:Economic collapses
2583:Standard of living
2469:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2437:Domestic economies
2312:Telecommunications
1467:on 18 January 2016
1410:"January 27, 2009"
1278:
742:
528:
447:economic sanctions
445:in 1998, and amid
414:
179:, points out that
173:
2605:
2604:
2379:People and labour
2374:
2373:
2042:National highways
1341:978-1-59033-135-4
987:978-1-85109-801-9
703:nationwide floods
697:According to the
695:
694:
635:
623:
592:Hina Rabbani Khar
568:Iftikhar Chaudhry
371:
370:
279:
272:
190:national currency
83:Soviet engagement
16:(Redirected from
2660:
2597:
2596:
2573:Provinces by GDP
2459:Gilgit-Baltistan
2096:Renewable energy
2084:
2052:Railway stations
1930:Numbering system
1866:Finance ministry
1791:
1784:
1777:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1591:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1488:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1457:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1405:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1373:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1323:
1308:
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1288:
1279:
1269:
1263:
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1243:
1234:
1233:
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1229:
1213:
1204:
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1201:
1199:
1183:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1147:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1023:
1012:
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994:
969:
940:
939:
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935:
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886:
880:
879:
877:
875:
855:
849:
848:
846:
844:
834:
810:
630:
618:
609:
544:Pervez Musharraf
540:Western Pakistan
536:spread militancy
479:Pervez Musharraf
422:Finance ministry
416:In an article, "
277:
270:
268:GDP Growth Rate↓
262:
233:Gini coefficient
48:economic history
34:, also known as
21:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2587:
2546:
2532:Gulberg, Lahore
2505:
2432:
2370:
2359:Medical tourism
2290:Pharmaceuticals
2204:
2170:
2164:
2133:Rice production
2118:Fuel extraction
2088:
2073:
2008:
1940:Nationalization
1935:Five-Year Plans
1916:
1878:Pakistani rupee
1841:
1839:
1833:
1800:
1795:
1765:
1764:
1747:
1740:
1738:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1697:Dawn News, PIDE
1690:
1689:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1657:Abbasi, Ansar.
1656:
1655:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1622:
1621:
1614:
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1593:
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1581:
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1569:
1555:
1554:
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1535:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1497:Gulf News, 2011
1490:
1489:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1407:
1406:
1397:
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1351:
1349:
1342:
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1311:
1301:
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1290:
1289:
1282:
1270:
1266:
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1245:
1244:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1215:
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1207:
1197:
1195:
1185:
1184:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1149:
1148:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1090:
1075:
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1070:
1060:
1058:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
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1014:
1013:
1002:
992:
990:
988:
971:
970:
943:
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917:
916:
909:
899:
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883:
873:
871:
857:
856:
852:
842:
840:
812:
811:
804:
799:
777:
730:
628:
616:
615:GDP Growth Rate
516:
511:
471:
466:
460:
276:
275:Inflation Rate↑
269:
260:
244:Main articles:
242:
169:nationalization
161:
155:
150:
117:and widespread
89:and increasing
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2666:
2664:
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2592:
2589:
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2456:
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2433:
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2415:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2398:
2393:
2391:Businesspeople
2388:
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2376:
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2372:
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2361:
2351:
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2341:
2336:
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2326:
2321:
2316:
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2314:
2309:
2299:
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2287:
2282:
2277:
2267:
2266:
2265:
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2250:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
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2210:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2174:
2172:
2166:
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2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2092:
2090:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2069:Vehicle plates
2066:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2014:Transportation
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
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1909:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1863:
1858:
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1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1714:
1680:
1646:
1629:Pakistan Today
1612:
1579:
1545:
1528:Bloomberg news
1514:
1478:
1431:
1395:
1359:
1340:
1309:
1280:
1264:
1235:
1205:
1169:
1107:
1088:
1068:
1039:
1000:
986:
941:
920:"Let them go?"
907:
881:
850:
801:
800:
798:
795:
794:
793:
788:
783:
781:Benazir Bhutto
776:
773:
768:private sector
751:Pakistan Today
746:Pakistan Today
729:
726:
693:
692:
689:
686:
682:
681:
678:
675:
671:
670:
667:
664:
660:
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645:
642:
638:
637:
625:
613:
560:Asfandiar Vali
515:
512:
510:
507:
470:
467:
462:Main article:
459:
456:
410:Prime Minister
406:Benazir Bhutto
369:
368:
365:
362:
358:
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351:
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343:
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288:
285:
281:
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273:
266:
241:
238:
157:Main article:
154:
151:
149:
146:
115:2008 elections
95:Benazir Bhutto
61:following the
46:in Pakistan's
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2665:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
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2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2600:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2563:Foreign trade
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2542:Serai Quarter
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2497:
2494:
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2487:
2485:
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2467:
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2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
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2435:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:Trades unions
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
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2377:
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2364:
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2342:
2340:
2337:
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2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
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2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:Manufacturing
2268:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2183:List of banks
2181:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Nuclear power
2111:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
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2057:
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2049:
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2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
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2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1980:circular debt
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1945:Privatization
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
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1898:
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1859:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1847:
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1844:
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1830:
1827:
1825:
1824:KSE 100 Index
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1787:
1785:
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1773:
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1736:
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1728:
1721:
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1668:
1664:
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1653:
1651:
1647:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1552:
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1533:
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1487:
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1479:
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1452:
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1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1265:
1252:
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1242:
1240:
1236:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1193:
1189:
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1178:
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1170:
1157:
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1146:
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1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1095:
1091:
1089:9781419139949
1085:
1081:
1080:
1072:
1069:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1040:
1027:
1022:(google docs)
1020:
1019:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1001:
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942:
929:
925:
921:
914:
912:
908:
896:
892:
885:
882:
869:
865:
861:
860:"Stagflation"
854:
851:
838:
833:
828:
824:
820:
816:
809:
807:
803:
796:
792:
789:
787:
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778:
774:
772:
769:
763:
761:
757:
752:
747:
739:
734:
727:
725:
722:
718:
717:Supreme Court
714:
713:
709:According to
707:
704:
700:
690:
687:
684:
683:
679:
676:
673:
672:
668:
665:
662:
661:
657:
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650:
646:
643:
640:
639:
634:
631:according to
626:
622:
619:according to
614:
611:
610:
607:
605:
604:working class
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:chief justice
570:as country's
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
534:and the wide
533:
525:
520:
513:
508:
506:
503:
502:macroeconomic
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
468:
465:
457:
455:
451:
448:
444:
440:
436:
435:heavy margins
431:
428:
423:
419:
411:
407:
403:
399:
397:
392:
388:
384:
383:privatization
380:
376:
366:
363:
360:
359:
355:
352:
349:
348:
344:
341:
338:
337:
333:
330:
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234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
200:
195:
191:
187:
182:
181:East-Pakistan
178:
170:
165:
160:
152:
147:
145:
142:
138:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
107:privatization
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:East Pakistan
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2444:Azad Kashmir
2428:Unemployment
2406:Child labour
2401:Labour force
2386:Billionaires
2087:Resource and
1969:
1819:KSE 30 Index
1814:KMI 30 Index
1739:. Retrieved
1730:
1705:. Retrieved
1696:
1671:. Retrieved
1662:
1637:. Retrieved
1628:
1603:. Retrieved
1599:
1570:. Retrieved
1561:
1536:. Retrieved
1527:
1517:
1505:. Retrieved
1496:
1469:. Retrieved
1465:the original
1422:. Retrieved
1413:
1386:. Retrieved
1350:. Retrieved
1331:
1300:. Retrieved
1296:
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1226:. Retrieved
1196:. Retrieved
1160:. Retrieved
1098:. Retrieved
1078:
1071:
1059:. Retrieved
1049:
1042:
1030:. Retrieved
1017:
991:. Retrieved
977:
932:. Retrieved
923:
898:. Retrieved
894:
884:
872:. Retrieved
863:
853:
841:. Retrieved
822:
818:
764:
750:
745:
743:
721:last of five
712:Pakistaniaat
711:
708:
696:
633:Pakistaniaat
632:
621:Pakistaniaat
620:
542:. President
529:
491:
483:Shaukat Aziz
472:
452:
441:in 1997 and
432:
417:
415:
379:Nawaz Sharif
372:
230:
211:
176:
174:
135:
111:Shaukat Aziz
99:Nawaz Sharif
52:
39:
35:
31:
29:
2449:Balochistan
2297:Real estate
2128:Agriculture
2101:Solar power
1950:Corporation
1840:governance,
612:Fiscal year
489:" in 1999.
396:Sartaj Aziz
87:Afghanistan
65:during the
44:stagflation
2612:Categories
2489:Rawalpindi
2479:Faisalabad
2396:Demography
2280:Automotive
2241:Television
2231:Newspapers
2106:Wind power
2089:production
1842:regulation
1100:2 December
600:South Asia
564:suspension
79:Zia-ul-Haq
59:Bangladesh
2527:Blue Area
2464:Islamabad
2319:Transport
2275:Aerospace
2263:Hospitals
2216:Education
2190:Insurance
2169:Financial
2145:Livestock
2059:Dry ports
2037:Motorways
1883:Banknotes
1838:Currency,
1806:Companies
1751:cite news
1707:30 August
1673:30 August
1605:30 August
1600:Frontpost
1572:30 August
1538:30 August
1471:30 August
1424:30 August
1388:31 August
1302:26 August
1257:26 August
1228:26 August
1198:26 August
1162:26 August
1061:24 August
1032:24 August
993:24 August
934:24 August
874:25 August
843:24 August
825:: 13–30.
699:Gulf News
524:US dollar
119:militancy
63:surrender
2599:Category
2551:See also
2418:Pensions
2334:Forestry
2307:Internet
2171:services
2155:Forestry
2064:Seaports
2047:Railways
2027:Airports
2022:Airlines
1997:U.S. aid
1895:Taxation
1741:7 August
1735:Archived
1701:Archived
1667:Archived
1639:28 March
1633:Archived
1566:Archived
1532:Archived
1507:7 August
1501:Archived
1418:Archived
1414:The View
1382:Archived
1346:Archived
1251:Archived
1222:Archived
1192:Archived
1156:Archived
1094:Archived
1055:Archived
1026:Archived
928:Archived
868:Archived
837:Archived
775:See also
186:devalued
2500:Karachi
2413:Poverty
2354:Tourism
2349:Tobacco
2344:Textile
2285:Defence
2178:Banking
2150:Fishery
2079:Sectors
2032:Bridges
1922:History
1888:Coinage
1186:PGovt.
900:29 July
685:2010-11
674:2009-10
663:2008-09
652:2007-08
641:2006-07
554:led by
367:10.79%
361:1995-96
350:1994-95
345:11.80%
339:1993-94
334:11.66%
328:1992-93
317:1991-92
312:12.66%
306:1990-91
295:1989-90
290:10.39%
284:1988-89
265:Periods
226:million
2537:Saddar
2484:Lahore
2474:Punjab
2226:Cinema
2160:Mining
1861:Budget
1352:6 June
1338:
1328:"2001"
1086:
984:
691:14.5%
680:11.7%
669:20.0%
658:12.0%
588:PML(Q)
356:14.5%
323:9.62%
301:6.04%
256:, and
2496:Sindh
2246:Music
2236:Radio
2209:Other
2195:KIBOR
647:7.8%
550:by a
364:1.70%
331:3.03%
320:7.68%
309:5.48%
298:4.67%
287:4.88%
2454:FATA
2258:AIDS
2123:Food
1757:link
1743:2012
1709:2012
1675:2012
1641:2014
1607:2012
1574:2012
1540:2012
1509:2012
1473:2012
1426:2012
1390:2012
1354:2012
1336:ISBN
1304:2012
1259:2012
1230:2012
1200:2012
1164:2012
1102:2020
1084:ISBN
1063:2012
1034:2012
995:2012
982:ISBN
936:2012
902:2023
876:2012
845:2012
688:2.4%
677:3.8%
666:1.7%
655:3.7%
644:6.8%
586:and
558:and
546:was
385:and
353:4.5%
342:4.0%
224:254
212:The
188:the
105:and
97:and
30:The
2138:Tea
827:doi
584:JUI
580:ANP
576:MQM
538:in
494:FDI
121:in
85:in
77:of
38:or
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