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position which would allow the end consumer to choose for themselves whether to leave the feature on or off. The
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) currently offers gas mileage rating incentives to all car manufacturers who force their auto stop-start systems to switch back on. If the system is “non-latching” — in other words, it doesn’t stay off after you switch off the car — the EPA only calculates fuel economy figures when the system is engaged. If the car manufacturer allows the system to be permanently defeated, then the EPA tests the fuel economy with the system both on and off. After that, the EPA averages the two fuel economy figures. Since that number will always be lower than it will with the system engaged, car manufacturers choose to switch it back on when you start the car again. In order to turn off the auto stop-start feature this means a vehicle operator is currently being forced by both the government and the car manufacturer to press the auto stop-start button each and every time the vehicle is started. This problem is causing many consumers to either; live with the inconvenience of pushing the off button every single time they start their car, search for after-market work-arounds, or completely avoid vehicle models with the feature altogether.
793:(ECO) motor, which serves as the gasoline engine's alternator and starter motor. These vehicles are also equipped with an additional "sub-battery" located in the engine compartment to power the vehicle's electric accessories when the gasoline engine has shut down, instead of using a constantly-driven alternator. When the driver lifts off the throttle or brakes, the ECO motor is driven as an alternator to maintain "sub-battery" charge. In addition to being used to restart the engine, the ECO motor also applies 50 Nâ‹…m (5.1 kgâ‹…m; 37 lbâ‹…ft) of torque for one second to the crankshaft when driving away from a stop, providing a small amount of electric motor assist.
992:, which also include weight and aerodynamic improvements. The system is now commonplace in the Volkswagen range, fitted to all vehicles with the Bluemotion Technology package, though certain other models have the technology too. For the Lupo 3L, with an automated manual gearbox and clutch, the engine stops four seconds after the car becomes stationary with the driver's foot on the brake pedal. No other action is necessary. Removing the foot from the brake pedal initiates engine start and the car can be driven away. The gear lever remains in the drive D position throughout. The same applies to the Audi A2 1.2TDi, which is almost identical mechanically.
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this phase of boundary lubrication, metal-to-metal contact can occur between the crankshaft surface and the bearing's sliding surface. This was not an issue while the number of engine restarts totaled what was generally understood to be a normal magnitude. However, in a vehicle with a start-stop system this effect can necessitate new technological solutions to avoid premature bearing wear, depending on the driving cycle. Consequently, future engines for start-stop applications need to be designed for 250,000 to 300,000 starts. Traditional bearing shells with aluminum or copper lining show severe wear after only 100,000 cycles.
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766:'s first start stop system, detects which piston is in the best position to restart quickest, which is the one in the combustion stroke phase, where air and fuel are in the cylinder, ready to be ignited. The mixture in this cylinder is ignited by the spark plug, forcing that piston down, and with assistance from the starter motor, results in a near instantaneous engine restart time of 0.35 seconds.
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While both the Kia Rio and Rio5 share the same new direct-injected four-cylinder 1.6 L engine with its cousin
Hyundai Accent/Verna (also newly redesigned for 2012), Hyundai made no mention of this feature in their Accent line. Hyundai 1.4 manual has the ISG (Intelligent Stop & Go) system (in
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in 1999. Though these early implementations were considered rather disconcerting by many drivers, and high pricing failed to yield these cars much commercial success, both the
Volkswagen Lupo and the Audi A2 (in their "3 litre" leverage) were more efficient than any production car available in the US
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With a manual-gearbox car, engine shutdown typically comes with braking to a complete stop, gearbox in neutral and clutch release. Cars with automatic transmissions shut down upon braking to a full stop - the shut down is activated by the foot brake pedal being in use when the car comes to a halt. If
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start stop. On Mazda 3 a super capacitor is used to power AC and other accessories as part of i-ELOOP, AC and fans are lowered significantly/to minimum settings when engine is off. With cold AC/fan at max settings super capacitor will be drained in five seconds and engine will automatically turn on.
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A common misconception of stop-start systems is that long-term use may induce additional wear due to lack of oil lubrication. For the crankshaft bearing half shells and the big end bearings this can translate into frequent high-speed rotary movement before a hydrodynamic film is established. During
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2015 model for the first time as a standard feature rather than an option. Formerly, only the 2.7-liter turbocharged V-6 version came with stop-start, which requires a more robust (and expensive) absorbent-glass-mat (AGM) battery that can better handle the constant cycling and the heavier draw from
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Late in 2010, Ford announced that its start-stop system, already used in its hybrids as well as several mainstream models in Europe, would be introduced in North
America with the 2012 models, initially with 4-cylinder engines and later proliferating into V6s and V8s. Eventually the system will be
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The system needs to be implemented in conjunction with modifications and reinforcements on many of the car's components in order to reinforce the engine and electrical system durability and long-term wear resistance, due to the increased loads that the added stopping and starting cycles impose. To
155:(EPA) test is spent at idle. Start/stop activation depends on specific driver inputs as well as operating conditions. The engine must have reached proper temperature to get adequate light-off of its catalytic converter and also to ensure proper lubrication and as effortless a restart as possible.
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on the engine, those systems must be redesigned to function properly when the engine is turned off. Typically, an electric motor is used to power these devices instead. On vehicles where the AC compressor still runs from the drive belt, some drivers turn on the AC as an improvised way to disable
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On a manual transmission vehicle, stop-start is activated by stopping the car, changing gear to neutral, and releasing the clutch. The engine will not stop if the car is moving, even if the aforementioned steps are followed (this is not true for all cars). The engine restarts when the clutch is
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Many vehicle consumers have expressed frustration over the government overreach, inconvenience and annoyance of requiring the auto stop-start feature. Furthermore the auto stop-start button is being defaulted to the "on" position each time, instead of the button simply defaulting to the "off"
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Smart Idle Stop System (SISS) uses combustion start instead of electrical start. By sensing the position of the pistons in the cylinders, the engine is stopped in a configuration that allows immediate starting by combustion. They claim quieter and quicker engine restart within 0.35 seconds.
1043:(NHTSA) raised questions about non-hybrid Honda vehicles equipped with the company's 'Idle Stop' transmissions due to concerns over the "sudden lurching forward of a vehicle in an automatic restart" – rather than the "gradual creeping forward found in current transmission designs".
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Hybrid/electric assist vehicles experience almost no delay in power from a stop, due to the instant availability of power from the battery to the electric motor(s). Gasoline/microhybrids on the other hand generally experience slight delays (albeit fractions of a second).
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Some car makers such as Suzuki have one additional small 12V lithium-ion battery inside the car. The system is marketed as "SHVS Mild Hybrid System" (Smart Hybrid
Vehicle by Suzuki) and available as an option in Ignis, Swift, Baleno in several markets.
789:(stylized in all caps as "S-HYBRID") brand for their micro hybrid system. The S-Hybrid system is entirely contained within the engine compartment and does not require a traction battery. Vehicles with the S-Hybrid system are equipped with an
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gains from this technology are typically in the range of 3–10%, potentially as high as 12%. In the United States, idling wastes approximately 14.8 billion liters (3.9 billion U.S. gallons; 3.3 billion
Imperial gallons) of gasoline per year.
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Carbon monoxide emissions and the fuel shortage/oil crisis of the 1970s pushed car manufacturers to find solutions to reduce gas consumption. The first vehicle to use the automatic on/off switch was the six-cylinder
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on engines, so the company took the technology a step further. Instead of using an
Integrated Starter Generator (ISG), BMW has used an enhanced starter which is a conventional starter, developed by
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According to observations by the NOAA Global
Monitoring Lab, in 2021 carbon dioxide alone was responsible for about two-thirds of the total heating influence of all human-produced greenhouse gases.
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Kia claims the combination of direct fuel injection and stop-start will offer 30 mpg for city driving and 40 mpg on the highway in both 6 speed manual and automatic transmissions.
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The redesigned 2012 Kia Rio and Rio5 (hatchback) debuted at the 2011 New York Auto Show was announced with their
Intelligent Stop and Go (ISG) feature, or stop-start technology.
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Manufacturers continued to refine the system. In 2010, Valeo declared its second Start-Stop generation would appear in the same year. This new generation is called "i-StARS".The
777:, is used to supply power needed by vehicle electrical systems. When used in conjunction with Mazda's start-stop system, i-Stop, the company claims fuel savings of up to 10%.
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284:(ECUs) can be added to ensure proper system running conditions, and to keep parameters between tolerance like a good battery charge, essential to guarantee future starts.
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were the first in India to launch stop-start based Micro Hybrid system in May 2000. This involved home-grown technology and first of its kind component development like
1058:) uses combustion to assist the starter motor by sensing the position of the piston in the cylinder. They claim quieter and quicker engine restart within 0.35 seconds.
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BMW has developed the system such that the alternator is not activated most of the time. This means that electrical components in the vehicle are normally running on
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models by 2006, named "Stop and Start". The Citroën implementation combines a SensoDrive automated gearbox and an electronically controlled reversible alternator or
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1015:. Mitsubishi has been marketing AS&G Technology in its ClearTec branded models in the European market since 2008. AS&G system is also available on
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has been selling cars with start-stop system on their internal combustion engine vehicles since 2009, and since 1997 in their Prius hybrid line. Both
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with Stop/Start which could reduce fuel consumption and emissions by up to 10%. As of 2016 all Land Rover and Range Rover models are fitted with
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the car is slowed initially by manual use of the automatic gear box and final stoppage is by use of the handbrake the engine will not shut down.
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Euro 5, more and more vehicles include a start-stop system, whatever the price level, as reducing idling also reduces vehicles' emissions of CO
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87:. This is most advantageous for vehicles which spend significant amounts of time waiting at traffic lights or frequently come to a stop in
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1973:
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125 cc model was released in 2010 to be sold in Europe with this technology, though their North
American model does not feature it.
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Volkswagen began using start-stop systems with the Polo Formel E with SSA around 1983, after having previewed the system on the 1981
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pressed prior to selecting a gear to move the car. The engine may also restart if there is a demand for power from, for example, the
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to that of older cars without the system, the car's manufacturer can include one or more of the following enhancements in the car's
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power. When the battery needs to be charged or when decelerating or braking, the alternator is activated to recharge the battery (
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1997:
2284:"Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Transmission Shift Lever Sequence, Starter Interlock, and Transmission Braking Effect"
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Mitsubishi Motors introduced this system in 1999 under their AS&G (Auto Stop & Go) branding, on their kei-car
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stops generating current. Often the battery will be labeled as supporting or specifically designed for start-stop.
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stops, preventing metal-to-metal contact that would otherwise produce accelerated wear on the bearing surfaces.
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introduced stop-start technology, available also outside of Japan, in some of their 2009 model year vehicles.
847:. Initially, it was only limited to the range-topping Advance variant. Subsequently, newer models such as the
37:
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Many Subaru vehicles have been equipped with auto stop/start function. It was first launched in 2011 for the
496:). Since this battery experiences very different load characteristics than a normal car battery, BMW used an
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This article is about the automotive technology. For the use of start-stop systems in telecommunication, see
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in 2009. The button to control the system was placed next to the gearshift like SAAB ignition keys of old.
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1720:"Valeo and Ricardo launches customer preview program for mild hybrid vehicle with world-class fuel economy"
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1130:"What is the difference between micro, mild, full and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles – x-engineer.org"
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239:. This is important because all the car's electrical system must be maintained by the battery after the
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384:, with various motorization including essence and diesel. Bosch developed a system for automatic cars.
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Johnson Controls expands global production of Start-Stop batteries to meet rising automaker demand
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1755:"DENSO Develops World's First Belt-Driven Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) for Hybrid Vehicles"
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Some implementations do not use a starter motor, eliminating concerns of starter motor wear. The
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line for 2008 as part of its Efficient Dynamics brand. BMW has been interested in ways to reduce
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equipped with an automatic on/off switch in 1974, claiming a 10-percent gas saving in traffic.
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is reinforced and designed to withstand continuous use without wearing too fast or overheating.
91:. Start-stop technology may become more common with more stringent government fuel economy and
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In 2013, it announced that start-stop technology would be brought into the second generation
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Start/stop technology came to Europe first, due to regulatory differences. 25 percent of the
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Perodua first introduced the start/stop system in 2016 which is called "Eco idle" in the
151:(NEDC) is spent idling. In comparison, only an estimated 11 percent of the United States
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1019:(EU), which went on sale in Europe in 2008. Since 2010, this system is also used in the
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to convert kinetic energy to electric power during deceleration. The energy stored in a
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and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
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pump goes out. This ensures the coolant supply to heat sensitive engine components like
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538:(ISG). An ISG, also known as "integrated starter-alternator", combines the role of the
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https://autocatalogarchive.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Suzuki-Celerio-2018-FR.pdf
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485:, that can withstand the increased number of engine-starts in a stop-start vehicle.
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model. Bentley's system stops the engine when the car is stopped or moving slowly.
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buses are equipped with stop/start systems that will stop the engine at bus stops.
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1893:"37-mpg Malibu Eco heads for U.S. dealers driven by exclusive eAssist™ technology"
1381:
Dunham, Bob (1974-01-08). "Automatic on/off switch gives 10-percent gas saving".
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system where the ISG can be used to assist the engine or even drive the vehicle.
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Stop-Start technology was fitted to a Bentley for the first time in 2016 on the
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in 1974 and was already claiming a 10% gas saving in traffic. In the 1980s, the
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88:
84:
1567:
1265:"Honda Worldwide | World News | News Release | January 22, 2001"
2169:"The Widespread Introduction of the TOYOTA Mild Hybrid Carsn(HEV) May Promote"
1876:"Ford to Make Auto Stop-Start Standard on All EcoBoost F-150 Pickups for 2017"
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1950:"New York 2011: Kia debuts all-new 2012 Rio with start-stop, good for 40 MPG"
1469:"Engine Stop-Start Systems – A Brilliant Invention In The Automotive History"
1420:"Fiat Regata Sedan Boasted 'Stop-Start' Technology More Than Two Decades Ago"
988:
research car. Later the LUPO 3L, and after that in the Polo, Golf and Passat
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Some car makers such as Suzuki have one lithium-ion battery inside the car.
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205:
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introduced their Start/Stop technology in 2009 under their DRIVe branding.
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models in the Japanese domestic market since 1999 and more recently on the
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and Malibu would have a (non-eAssist) start-stop system across all models.
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In 2011, Mazda announced i-ELOOP, a system which uses a variable-voltage
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1244:"Explained: Mazda's i-ELOOP recovery system | T W White & Sons Blog"
2342:"Why Don't Manufacturers Let You Permanently Shut Off Auto Stop/Start?"
2044:"How Is The Nissan Serena S-Hybrid Different From Other Hybrid Models?"
2027:"Mazda's regenerative braking system switches batteries for capacitors"
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based neutral and clutch pedal sensors, and later a joint venture with
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introduced the Robert Bosch GmbH made system in the end of 2008 in the
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1852:"Johnson Controls start-stop battery to boost Ford F-150 pickup's MPG"
1219:"Mazda Introduces i-ELOOP Capacitor-Based Regenerative Braking System"
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based 750 was fitted with stop-start as standard with the hybrid 1.8
373:
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Suzuki's start-stop system is called EASS (Engine Auto Start Stop).
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has been using the start-stop function for over a decade via their
2258:"NHTSA puts brakes on Honda's 'Idle Stop' transmission technology"
2199:"A look at the 1981 Volkswagen Auto 2000 concept [update]"
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1529:. Autonews.fr. Technologie Valeo : présentation du deuxième
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introduced the technology in all of its European models in 2010.
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started to feature this system as standard, even on base models.
99:, but has also appeared in vehicles which lack a hybrid electric
1316:"What You Need To Know About EFB's (Enhanced Flooded Batteries)"
619:
377:
369:
270:
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1830:"Ford Offers Auto Start-Stop Across Model Range | Autopia"
2357:"Is stop-start technology really beneficial for your vehicle?"
470:
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2mode technology, which combines start-stop technology with
473:
is including the technology across many of its cars and the
2221:"Volvo launches stop/start S60, V60 DRIVe models in Europe"
1389:(4). New York, N.Y. USA: Times Mirror Magazines, Inc.: 170.
1780:"07.02.2009 New 500 Start&Stop gets started in the UK"
902:
A Start/Stop function was fitted to the second-generation
704:
models in 2011 before expanding to the rest of the range.
1400:
Jongeneel, Jeroen (1983-12-24). "Test: Fiat Regata 85S".
231:(EFB) technology, both supporting an increased number of
123:
and water pumps have typically been designed to run on a
2320:"Idling stop technology | Environmental Technology"
2140:"Tata Motors rolls out micro-hybrid version of Ace LCV"
2115:"Suzuki Swift : championne catégorie poids plumes"
1804:"Alfa MiTo to Get MultiAir Engines, Start-Stop System"
641:
technology, which combines start-stop technology with
2247:, Mitsubishi Motors press release, September 28, 1999
1358:"Automatic on/off switch gives 10-percent gas saving"
135:
scooters in Asian markets for the last decade. Their
1671:"Bentley Motors Website: Models: Bentayga: Bentayga"
1568:"Les moteurs qui s'arrĂŞtent tout seuls au feu rouge"
1054:
i-stop used in the Mazda3/Axela line (in Europe and
1523:"Technologie Valeo : présentation du deuxième
1408:(26). Hilversum, Netherlands: Folio Groep B.V.: 48.
1352:
1350:
1182:Start/Stop: Making the Most of Just Hanging Around
507:, some have started calling this type of system a
257:is added in conjunction with an electrical runoff
2306:"Start-Stop Technology Can Increase Bearing Wear"
1585:"Engine Stop/Start Systems on Nonhybrid Vehicles"
601:models, and it built start-stop systems into the
942:Tata Motors introduced this system on their LCV
630:mode in certain conditions under 29 mph.
79:to reduce the amount of time the engine spends
1041:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
27:Feature of internal combustion engine-vehicles
2260:. Autocentral.com. 2001-02-15. Archived from
2108:
2106:
1546:"Start/Stop developed for automatic vehicles"
1267:. World.honda.com. 2001-01-22. Archived from
801:In 2010, Opel introduced Start/stop in their
153:United States Environmental Protection Agency
75:)) automatically shuts down and restarts the
8:
1493:"Climate Change: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide"
1177:
1175:
1173:
648:In 2014 General Motors announced that the
645:and electric boost in certain conditions.
306:"Formel E" also used similar devices. The
1974:"Land Rover Freelander Stop-Start review"
1023:(EU). In 2015, AS&G was added to the
606:vehicle accessories with the engine off.
805:branded models. The system is used with
526:introduced a more refined system in its
83:, thereby reducing fuel consumption and
1165:Do Stop-Start Systems Really Save Fuel?
1120:
957:showed a prototype of its six-cylinder
667:mild hybrid system in first generation
1828:Previous post Next post (2010-12-29).
1376:
1374:
131:This technology has also been used on
1856:Milwaukee, Wisconsin Journal-Sentinel
1695:"Citroen Technology – Stop and Start"
1591:. Hearst Magazine Media. 4 March 2011
1499:. US Dept. of Commerce. June 23, 2022
1445:"VW Lupo: Rough road to fuel economy"
546:into one unit; manufacturers include
7:
1850:Content, Thomas (January 12, 2015).
633:In 2012 General Motors released its
614:In 2008 General Motors released its
302:"ES" with the City-matic system and
261:that keeps on running when the main
41:A start-stop system off button on a
2304:Consalvo, David (28 October 2019).
1925:"First drive: Jaguar XF 2.2 diesel"
1331:"What is a start/stop car battery?"
573:also introduced this system in its
337:, a prime cause of global warming.
1292:. RAC. 8 June 2010. Archived from
1290:"Honda unveils economical scooter"
119:Since automobile accessories like
25:
2340:Butler, Zach (20 February 2019).
2282:Stephen R. Kratzke (2003-05-15).
1566:Jacqueline Favez (1 April 2010).
1155:Press release, September 16, 2015
32:Asynchronous serial communication
2355:Wagner, Jeff (18 October 2022).
1948:Richardson, Aaron (2011-04-21).
1184:, Road&Track, April 17, 2012
1089:
1075:
594:available in all Ford vehicles.
2025:Kurt Ernst (29 November 2011).
1521:Laurent Lepsch (15 June 2010).
1443:Healey, James R. (1999-08-27).
2113:Maroselli, Yves (2017-04-21).
1647:"Enviro400 | Alexander Dennis"
1623:"Enviro200 | Alexander Dennis"
1610:"Le système Stop and Go (ISG)"
1467:Grey Olivia (9 October 2014).
723:In 2008 Land Rover fitted its
581:(FPT) 1.4 L Turbo petrol
326:at the time of their release.
1:
1544:Kelly, Donna (30 July 2010).
1329:Atkins, Travis (2021-12-17).
168:accomplish similar levels of
95:. This feature is present in
69:micro hybrid electric vehicle
1895:. General Motors. 2012-01-19
1729:. 2002-06-26. Archived from
579:Fiat Powertrain Technologies
536:integrated starter-generator
399:ISG EcoDynamics system uses
204:. This aids the lack of the
103:. For non-electric vehicles
569:. Starting September 2009,
2402:
2197:Glon, Ronan (2014-08-20).
729:Intelligent Eco Stop/Start
694:Intelligent Eco Stop/Start
418:
331:European emission standard
190:main (crankshaft) bearings
149:New European Driving Cycle
77:internal combustion engine
29:
2070:"All New Saab 9-5 Saloon"
1697:. Citroen. Archived from
1167:, Edmunds.com, 11/30/2014
558:Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
1651:www.alexander-dennis.com
1627:www.alexander-dennis.com
1039:In February 2001 the US
1025:Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross
696:was first fitted to the
229:enhanced flooded battery
196:that have properties of
192:are coated with special
97:hybrid electric vehicles
2376:Automotive technologies
1195:"Understanding i-ELOOP"
735:Mahindra & Mahindra
310:also adopted it in the
775:double-layer capacitor
368:system is included in
344:system is included in
208:film and hydrodynamic
45:
2359:. CBS News Minnesota.
2286:. Federalregister.gov
1675:www.bentleymotors.com
892:Rover K-series engine
269:bearings and to keep
93:emissions regulations
40:
1013:Mitsubishi Pistachio
643:regenerative braking
624:regenerative braking
505:regenerative braking
500:(AGM) type instead.
498:absorptive glass mat
494:regenerative braking
425:adding missing items
319:Volkswagen Lupo "3L"
282:engine control units
2238:"GDI-ASG Pistachio"
2080:on 28 December 2018
1880:Car&Driver Blog
1271:on October 12, 2012
762:The i-Stop system,
618:hybrid model with
317:in 1994 and in the
225:absorbent glass mat
163:Enhanced components
2243:2009-03-28 at the
1882:, January 22, 2016
1556:on 24 August 2010.
1479:2017-11-07 at the
1335:Marshall Batteries
503:Due to the use of
46:
1808:autoevolution.com
1757:(Press release).
1725:(Press release).
1296:on 14 August 2012
1097:Technology portal
1083:Automobile portal
577:series utilising
511:, a step below a
483:Robert Bosch GmbH
271:cabin temperature
182:industrial design
57:stop-start system
53:start-stop system
16:(Redirected from
2393:
2381:Starting systems
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2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2254:
2248:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2205:. Archived from
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2175:. Archived from
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2146:. Archived from
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2110:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2076:. Archived from
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2040:
2034:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2004:. Archived from
1998:"Mazda 3 i-Stop"
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1921:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1889:
1883:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
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1800:
1794:
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1790:
1776:
1770:
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1766:
1751:
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1741:
1735:
1724:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
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1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1581:
1575:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1552:. Archived from
1541:
1535:
1534:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1489:
1483:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1440:
1434:
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1416:
1410:
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1397:
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1378:
1369:
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1301:
1286:
1280:
1279:
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1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1153:Johnson Controls
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1128:x-engineer.org.
1125:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1078:
785:Nissan uses the
754:based vehicles.
650:Chevrolet Impala
635:Chevrolet Malibu
628:electric vehicle
479:parasitic losses
441:Alexander Dennis
435:Alexander Dennis
429:reliable sources
308:Volkswagen Group
114:air conditioning
21:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2386:Hybrid vehicles
2366:
2365:
2364:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2325:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2267:
2265:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2245:Wayback Machine
2236:
2232:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2203:Ran When Parked
2196:
2195:
2191:
2182:
2180:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2153:
2151:
2144:WheelsUnplugged
2138:
2137:
2133:
2124:
2122:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2092:
2083:
2081:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2031:Motor Authority
2024:
2020:
2011:
2009:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1982:
1980:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1958:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1933:
1931:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1813:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1788:
1786:
1784:ItaliaSpeed.com
1778:
1777:
1773:
1764:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1704:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1679:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1629:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1565:
1561:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1502:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1481:Wayback Machine
1466:
1462:
1453:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1428:
1426:
1424:ItaliaSpeed.com
1418:
1417:
1413:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1383:Popular Science
1380:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1339:
1337:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1228:
1226:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1203:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1033:
1017:Mitsubishi Colt
1009:
998:
982:
964:More recently,
952:
940:
928:
912:
900:
880:
869:
841:
799:
783:
760:
737:
721:
710:
690:
681:
658:
637:Eco model with
616:Chevrolet Tahoe
612:
591:
575:Alfa Romeo Mito
560:
521:
468:
456:
437:
432:
417:
336:
304:Volkswagen Polo
291:
255:cooling circuit
253:An independent
233:charging cycles
178:user experience
165:
145:
143:Characteristics
125:serpentine belt
59:(also known as
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2399:
2397:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2347:
2332:
2311:
2308:. AMSOIL Dave.
2296:
2274:
2249:
2230:
2212:
2209:on 2018-06-18.
2189:
2160:
2131:
2102:
2090:
2061:
2050:. July 3, 2013
2035:
2018:
1989:
1965:
1940:
1916:
1913:Hyundai Accent
1905:
1884:
1868:
1842:
1820:
1810:. 15 June 2009
1795:
1771:
1746:
1711:
1686:
1662:
1638:
1614:
1602:
1589:Car and Driver
1576:
1559:
1536:
1531:Stop and Start
1525:Stop and Start
1513:
1484:
1460:
1435:
1411:
1392:
1370:
1360:. October 1974
1346:
1321:
1307:
1281:
1256:
1235:
1223:Car and Driver
1210:
1186:
1169:
1157:
1141:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1105:Idle reduction
1101:
1100:
1086:
1070:
1067:
1032:
1029:
1021:Mitsubishi ASX
1008:
1005:
997:
994:
981:
978:
951:
948:
939:
936:
927:
924:
911:
908:
899:
896:
879:
876:
868:
865:
840:
837:
833:diesel engines
798:
795:
791:Energy Control
782:
779:
759:
756:
736:
733:
720:
717:
709:
706:
689:
686:
680:
677:
657:
654:
611:
610:General Motors
608:
590:
587:
559:
556:
520:
517:
467:
464:
455:
452:
436:
433:
416:
413:
334:
290:
287:
286:
285:
274:
273:in wintertime.
251:
244:
235:and increased
217:
198:dry lubricants
164:
161:
144:
141:
26:
24:
18:Start&Stop
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2398:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2358:
2351:
2348:
2344:. TFLCar.com.
2343:
2336:
2333:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2300:
2297:
2285:
2278:
2275:
2264:on 2011-09-04
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2190:
2179:on 2009-10-23
2178:
2174:
2173:MarkLines.com
2170:
2164:
2161:
2150:on 2009-09-07
2149:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2008:on 2012-05-01
2007:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1941:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1843:
1831:
1824:
1821:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1736:on 2011-07-17
1732:
1728:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1701:on 2009-05-02
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1611:
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1603:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1555:
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1540:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1450:
1446:
1439:
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1425:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1393:
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1384:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1359:
1353:
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1336:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
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1224:
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1196:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1178:
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1115:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1059:
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1053:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1004:
1002:
995:
993:
991:
987:
979:
977:
975:
971:
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962:
960:
956:
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937:
935:
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923:
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917:
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907:
905:
897:
895:
893:
889:
885:
877:
875:
873:
866:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
838:
836:
834:
831:
827:
823:
819:
816:
812:
808:
804:
797:Opel/Vauxhall
796:
794:
792:
788:
780:
778:
776:
772:
767:
765:
757:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
734:
732:
730:
726:
718:
716:
713:
707:
705:
703:
699:
695:
687:
685:
678:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
655:
653:
651:
646:
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636:
631:
629:
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621:
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609:
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604:
600:
595:
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584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
557:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
518:
516:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
465:
463:
461:
453:
451:
449:
448:Enviro400 MMC
445:
444:Enviro200 MMC
442:
434:
430:
426:
422:
415:Manufacturers
414:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
338:
332:
327:
324:
320:
316:
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297:
288:
283:
279:
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268:
264:
260:
256:
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199:
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179:
175:
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162:
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156:
154:
150:
142:
140:
138:
134:
129:
126:
122:
117:
115:
109:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
44:
39:
33:
19:
2350:
2335:
2324:. Retrieved
2314:
2299:
2288:. Retrieved
2277:
2266:. Retrieved
2262:the original
2252:
2233:
2224:
2215:
2207:the original
2202:
2192:
2181:. Retrieved
2177:the original
2172:
2163:
2152:. Retrieved
2148:the original
2143:
2134:
2123:. Retrieved
2118:
2093:
2082:. Retrieved
2078:the original
2074:CarWalls.com
2073:
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2047:
2038:
2030:
2021:
2010:. Retrieved
2006:the original
2001:
1992:
1981:. Retrieved
1977:
1968:
1957:. Retrieved
1953:
1943:
1932:. Retrieved
1928:
1919:
1908:
1897:. Retrieved
1887:
1879:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1855:
1845:
1834:. Retrieved
1823:
1812:. Retrieved
1807:
1798:
1787:. Retrieved
1783:
1774:
1763:. Retrieved
1761:. 2001-07-19
1749:
1738:. Retrieved
1731:the original
1714:
1703:. Retrieved
1699:the original
1689:
1678:. Retrieved
1674:
1665:
1654:. Retrieved
1650:
1641:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:
1617:
1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1588:
1579:
1571:
1562:
1554:the original
1549:
1539:
1530:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1501:. Retrieved
1496:
1487:
1472:
1463:
1452:. Retrieved
1448:
1438:
1427:. Retrieved
1423:
1414:
1405:
1404:(in Dutch).
1401:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1362:. Retrieved
1338:. Retrieved
1334:
1324:
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1294:the original
1284:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:the original
1259:
1248:. Retrieved
1246:. 2013-01-03
1238:
1227:. Retrieved
1225:. 2011-11-29
1222:
1213:
1202:. Retrieved
1198:
1189:
1160:
1144:
1133:. Retrieved
1123:
1063:
1060:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1034:
1010:
999:
983:
963:
959:Toyota Crown
953:
941:
932:
929:
913:
901:
881:
870:
842:
802:
800:
790:
786:
784:
768:
761:
738:
728:
722:
714:
711:
693:
691:
682:
673:Civic Hybrid
659:
647:
632:
613:
596:
592:
561:
535:
522:
509:micro hybrid
508:
502:
487:
469:
457:
438:
421:dynamic list
411:components.
394:
386:
364:, while the
339:
328:
323:Audi A2 "3L"
314:
296:Toyota Crown
292:
267:turbocharger
166:
157:
146:
130:
118:
110:
105:fuel economy
89:traffic jams
72:
68:
65:micro hybrid
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:Perodua Myvi
2121:(in French)
1832:. Wired.com
1572:L'Essentiel
1497:Climate.gov
752:common rail
744:Hall sensor
599:Ford Fusion
513:mild hybrid
300:Fiat Regata
210:lubrication
188:The engine
121:compressors
2370:Categories
2326:2011-05-29
2290:2011-08-02
2268:2011-05-29
2183:2009-02-18
2154:2009-05-13
2125:2018-02-25
2084:2021-09-27
2012:2011-12-11
1983:2018-02-25
1959:2011-05-29
1934:2018-02-25
1899:2014-09-24
1861:14 January
1836:2011-03-13
1814:2010-11-25
1789:2009-02-07
1765:2010-06-18
1740:2010-06-18
1705:2009-09-08
1680:2018-02-25
1656:2023-03-03
1632:2023-03-03
1503:3 November
1454:2016-04-10
1429:2009-02-18
1364:2019-02-15
1340:2023-10-17
1275:2011-05-29
1250:2023-10-17
1229:2023-10-17
1204:2023-10-17
1199:City Mazda
1135:2023-10-17
1116:References
1007:Mitsubishi
990:BlueMotion
980:Volkswagen
771:alternator
725:Freelander
719:Land Rover
571:Alfa Romeo
544:alternator
419:This is a
382:Volkswagen
350:Land Rover
263:mechanical
259:water pump
241:alternator
223:is either
214:crankshaft
200:, such as
170:durability
101:powertrain
1449:USA Today
1402:Autovisie
986:Auto 2000
920:Crosstrek
882:In 2009,
740:Mahindras
692:Jaguar's
684:Israel).
603:Ford F150
585:engines.
227:(AGM) or
219:The main
212:when the
206:motor oil
202:polyamide
85:emissions
2241:Archived
2225:Autoblog
2119:Le Point
2054:13 April
2002:Top Gear
1954:Autoblog
1550:CarPress
1477:Archived
1473:VT Money
1110:Microcar
1069:See also
1031:Concerns
944:Tata Ace
888:Rover 75
830:Family B
826:Circle L
822:MultiJet
807:Family 0
787:S-Hybrid
583:MultiAir
567:Fiat 500
460:Bentayga
321:and the
315:Ecomatic
276:Special
194:polymers
116:system.
2322:. MAZDA
2048:CarList
1978:Autocar
1929:Parkers
916:Impreza
872:Renault
867:Renault
839:Perodua
803:EcoFLEX
679:Hyundai
669:Insight
639:eAssist
540:starter
524:Citroën
519:Citroën
490:battery
454:Bentley
354:Peugeot
346:Citroën
289:History
278:sensors
248:starter
221:battery
174:comfort
61:S&S
50:vehicle
2100:page 9
1612:. Kia.
1595:18 Dec
1300:2 June
970:Toyota
966:Toyota
955:Toyota
950:Toyota
926:Suzuki
910:Subaru
859:, and
828:, and
818:petrol
811:Ecotec
781:Nissan
688:Jaguar
380:, and
374:Nissan
360:, and
329:Since
81:idling
1759:Denso
1734:(PDF)
1727:Valeo
1723:(PDF)
1052:Mazda
1001:Volvo
996:Volvo
974:Mazda
884:Roewe
878:Roewe
857:Ativa
845:Bezza
764:Mazda
758:Mazda
748:Bosch
661:Honda
656:Honda
552:Denso
548:Valeo
439:Some
427:with
409:Varta
405:Valeo
401:Bosch
389:Mazda
366:Bosch
362:Volvo
358:Smart
342:Valeo
133:Honda
2056:2021
1863:2015
1597:2019
1505:2022
1302:2011
972:and
938:Tata
918:and
898:SAAB
861:Alza
853:Aruz
849:Myvi
820:and
813:and
750:for
700:and
626:and
620:AHS2
589:Ford
550:and
542:and
530:and
475:MINI
446:and
407:and
395:The
387:The
378:SEAT
370:Fiat
312:Golf
280:and
246:The
237:load
176:and
73:ÎĽHEV
1387:205
1056:JDM
904:9-5
886:'s
815:MGE
708:Kia
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563:FCA
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