1908:
33:
1919:
174:
When performing star counts, astronomers consider many different categories that have been created to classify a few stars that have been well studied. One of the hopes of studying the results of star counts is to discover new categories. Different counts typically seek to categorize stars for only a
295:
There are many unavoidable problems in counting stars for the purpose of getting an accurate picture of the distribution of stars in space. The effects of our point of view in the galaxy, the obscuring clouds of gas and dust in the galaxy, and especially the extreme range of inherent brightness,
330:. There is good reason to believe that stars in the galaxy's thin disk are different from thicker part of the disk, and from the bulge and the halo. Some stars are obviously more common in spiral arms than in the disk in between the arms.
166:
One of the interests of astronomy is to determine how many stars there are of each of several types that stars can be categorized into, and how these stars are distributed in space.
361:) seem to be the most common stars in space, at least locally, but can only be seen with large telescopes, and then only when they are within a few tens of light-years from Earth.
334:
Knowing that these effects create bias, astronomers analyzing star counts attempt to find how much bias each effect has caused and then compensate for it as well as they can.
398:
is one of the brightest of the visible blue supergiants. It is so bright that it appears to be a second magnitude star, even though ζ Puppis is 1,399 light-years away.
1759:
390:. Even though Proxima is only 4.2 light-years away from us, it is so dim that it cannot be seen with the naked eye (one of its companions,
307:
Our line of sight through the Milky Way is interrupted by great clouds of gas and dust, which block our view of stars more than a few thousand
1791:
1766:
1085:
124:
279:: Most stars are members of double star, or triple star, or even double-double star systems. Our own sun appears to be unusual for
175:
few of the qualities listed below, and determine how common each considered quality is and how stars of that kind are distributed.
1478:
21:
1392:
1771:
1408:
427:
58:
1818:
1685:
105:
1801:
1752:
1727:
1020:
1105:
77:
1742:
1722:
54:
43:
1944:
1806:
1737:
1707:
84:
62:
47:
1813:
1690:
1667:
1249:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
956:
830:
465:
342:
The greatest problem biasing star counts is the extreme differences in inherent brightness of different sizes.
1483:
1152:
1732:
1282:
1192:
1134:
1060:
631:
557:
91:
507:
1893:
1873:
1645:
1640:
1433:
1382:
1187:
1177:
850:
648:
616:
490:
1747:
1717:
1712:
1702:
1630:
1418:
584:
865:
73:
1888:
1786:
1776:
1625:
1593:
1387:
1182:
1167:
480:
257:
727:
1488:
1348:
1331:
1002:
904:
1883:
1844:
1796:
1781:
1695:
1635:
1558:
1468:
1438:
1428:
1372:
1294:
985:
621:
420:
1834:
1319:
1259:
1232:
1212:
1012:
796:
784:
611:
591:
545:
527:
495:
301:
1662:
1615:
1565:
1553:
1531:
1526:
1453:
1413:
1360:
1142:
1065:
1040:
934:
855:
579:
540:
1849:
1652:
1521:
1365:
1336:
1277:
1272:
1147:
875:
840:
774:
720:
715:
660:
470:
365:
17:
98:
1911:
1677:
1516:
1343:
1314:
1289:
1222:
911:
779:
665:
567:
457:
447:
385:
380:
1938:
1863:
1657:
1620:
1588:
1463:
1172:
995:
966:
944:
562:
535:
512:
413:
183:
153:
1923:
1598:
1548:
1543:
1443:
1326:
1309:
1267:
1227:
1162:
1045:
990:
971:
951:
929:
921:
764:
757:
596:
517:
500:
354:
210:
1839:
1538:
1511:
1503:
1493:
1473:
1448:
1377:
1299:
1055:
1030:
1025:
939:
899:
860:
825:
808:
803:
475:
368:
228:
32:
1423:
1120:
1093:
1070:
1050:
1035:
887:
791:
769:
747:
742:
606:
372:
350:
346:
323:
308:
145:
1610:
1458:
1242:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1157:
1110:
1100:
894:
870:
845:
752:
703:
636:
626:
601:
574:
550:
485:
376:
358:
327:
157:
1603:
1304:
978:
737:
710:
214:
149:
1878:
1353:
1115:
882:
835:
818:
813:
732:
1868:
1856:
1075:
961:
318:
is located in the disk of the Milky Way, in the northern edge of the
160:
1918:
357:, even though on average they are rare in space. Small dim stars (
287:
There are many finer subdivisions in all of the above categories.
1237:
1217:
436:
141:
409:
1583:
315:
26:
156:. The surveys are most often made of nearby stars in the
405:
182:: In astronomy, temperature is usually shown using the
255:: In the Milky Way galaxy the groups are described as
1827:
1676:
1574:
1502:
1401:
1258:
1133:
1011:
920:
647:
526:
456:
193:, actually bluish white) through white (type
223:: Size is usually designated by Roman numerals
353:) are the most common stars listed in general
421:
8:
152:methods used to correct the survey data for
61:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
653:
428:
414:
406:
125:Learn how and when to remove this message
201:, actually ruddy orange). Types
7:
304:brightness than they do in distance.
59:adding citations to reliable sources
14:
338:Inherent luminosity complications
241:: Stars are usually grouped into
1917:
1907:
1906:
31:
371:is 400 million times more
296:create a biased view of stars.
189:running from 'blue' (type
22:Counting Stars (disambiguation)
1:
1819:Timeline of stellar astronomy
213:, whose 'colors' are in the
1479:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
322:and on the inner edge of a
140:are bookkeeping surveys of
1961:
1393:Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
345:Heavy, bright stars (both
15:
1902:
656:
443:
375:than the nearest star, a
1772:With multiple exoplanets
283:having a companion star.
16:Not to be confused with
558:Asymptotic giant branch
300:Stars vary far more in
170:Reasons for star counts
1894:Tidal disruption event
1383:Circumstellar envelope
617:Luminous blue variable
392:α Centauri A
197:) to 'red' (type
1419:Effective temperature
1889:Planet-hosting stars
1767:With resolved images
1738:Historical brightest
1668:Photometric-standard
1594:Solar radio emission
1388:Eddington luminosity
1168:Triple-alpha process
1106:Thorne–Żytkow object
481:Young stellar object
55:improve this article
1713:Highest temperature
1484:Color–color diagram
1349:Protoplanetary disk
1153:Proton–proton chain
831:Chemically peculiar
1718:Lowest temperature
1469:Photometric system
1439:Absolute magnitude
1373:Circumstellar dust
986:Stellar black hole
622:Stellar population
508:Herbig–Haro object
247:Population II
1945:Stellar astronomy
1932:
1931:
1835:Substellar object
1814:Planetary nebulae
1233:Luminous red nova
1143:Deuterium burning
1129:
1128:
612:Instability strip
592:Wolf-Rayet nebula
546:Horizontal branch
491:Pre-main-sequence
364:For example, the
243:Population I
135:
134:
127:
109:
1952:
1924:Stars portal
1922:
1921:
1910:
1909:
1566:Planetary system
1489:Strömgren sphere
1361:Asteroseismology
1082:Black hole star
654:
580:Planetary nebula
541:Red-giant branch
430:
423:
416:
407:
328:Orion–Cygnus Arm
130:
123:
119:
116:
110:
108:
67:
35:
27:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1916:
1898:
1823:
1792:Milky Way novae
1728:Smallest volume
1672:
1653:Radial velocity
1576:
1570:
1522:Common envelope
1498:
1397:
1366:Helioseismology
1337:Bipolar outflow
1278:Microturbulence
1273:Convection zone
1254:
1148:Lithium burning
1135:Nucleosynthesis
1125:
1007:
916:
643:
522:
471:Molecular cloud
452:
439:
434:
404:
394:, is visible).
386:α Centauri
366:blue supergiant
340:
293:
172:
131:
120:
114:
111:
68:
66:
52:
36:
25:
18:Count the Stars
12:
11:
5:
1958:
1956:
1948:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1914:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1723:Largest volume
1720:
1715:
1710:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1682:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1580:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1508:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1434:Magnetic field
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1344:Accretion disk
1341:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1320:Alfvén surface
1317:
1315:Stellar corona
1312:
1307:
1302:
1292:
1290:Radiation zone
1287:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1000:
999:
998:
988:
983:
982:
981:
976:
975:
974:
969:
959:
949:
948:
947:
937:
932:
926:
924:
918:
917:
915:
914:
912:Blue straggler
909:
908:
907:
897:
892:
891:
890:
880:
879:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
828:
823:
822:
821:
816:
811:
801:
800:
799:
789:
788:
787:
782:
777:
767:
762:
761:
760:
755:
750:
740:
735:
730:
725:
724:
723:
718:
708:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
670:Main sequence
668:
663:
657:
651:
649:Classification
645:
644:
642:
641:
640:
639:
634:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
588:
587:
585:Protoplanetary
577:
572:
571:
570:
565:
555:
554:
553:
543:
538:
532:
530:
524:
523:
521:
520:
515:
510:
505:
504:
503:
498:
493:
488:
478:
473:
468:
462:
460:
454:
453:
451:
450:
444:
441:
440:
435:
433:
432:
425:
418:
410:
403:
400:
339:
336:
332:
331:
312:
305:
292:
289:
285:
284:
274:
250:
236:
218:
171:
168:
133:
132:
39:
37:
30:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1957:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Intergalactic
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Galactic year
1862:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1743:Most luminous
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1658:Proper motion
1656:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:Constellation
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Solar eclipse
1587:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1575:Earth-centric
1573:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:Alpha process
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
993:
992:
989:
987:
984:
980:
977:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
953:
950:
946:
945:Helium planet
943:
942:
941:
938:
936:
935:Parker's star
933:
931:
928:
927:
925:
923:
919:
913:
910:
906:
903:
902:
901:
898:
896:
893:
889:
886:
885:
884:
881:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
866:Lambda Boötis
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
832:
829:
827:
824:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
805:
802:
798:
795:
794:
793:
790:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
771:
768:
766:
763:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
745:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
722:
719:
717:
714:
713:
712:
709:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
655:
652:
650:
646:
638:
635:
633:
632:Superluminous
630:
629:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
586:
583:
582:
581:
578:
576:
573:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
559:
556:
552:
549:
548:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
536:Main sequence
534:
533:
531:
529:
525:
519:
516:
514:
513:Hayashi track
511:
509:
506:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
463:
461:
459:
455:
449:
446:
445:
442:
438:
431:
426:
424:
419:
417:
412:
411:
408:
401:
399:
397:
396:ζ Puppis
393:
389:
387:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:ζ Puppis
367:
362:
360:
356:
355:star catalogs
352:
348:
343:
337:
335:
329:
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290:
288:
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272:
268:
267:central bulge
264:
260:
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234:
230:
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219:
216:
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209:are used for
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187:O B A F G K M
185:
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76: –
75:
71:
70:Find sources:
64:
60:
56:
50:
49:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
23:
19:
1787:White dwarfs
1777:Brown dwarfs
1760:Most distant
1708:Most massive
1686:Proper names
1646:Photographic
1599:Solar System
1577:observations
1504:Star systems
1327:Stellar wind
1310:Chromosphere
1283:Oscillations
1163:Helium flash
1013:Hypothetical
991:X-ray binary
930:Compact star
765:Bright giant
518:Henyey track
496:Herbig Ae/Be
395:
391:
384:
363:
344:
341:
333:
319:
294:
286:
280:
277:Multiplicity
276:
270:
266:
262:
256:
252:
246:
245:(young) and
242:
238:
232:
224:
220:
211:brown dwarfs
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
184:letter codes
179:
173:
165:
137:
136:
121:
112:
102:
95:
88:
81:
74:"Star count"
69:
53:Please help
41:
1840:Brown dwarf
1616:Circumpolar
1494:Kraft break
1474:Color index
1449:Metallicity
1409:Designation
1378:Cosmic dust
1300:Photosphere
1066:Dark-energy
1041:Electroweak
1026:Black dwarf
957:Radio-quiet
940:White dwarf
826:White dwarf
476:Bok globule
326:called the
309:light-years
229:supergiants
180:Temperature
150:geometrical
146:statistical
138:Star counts
1802:Candidates
1797:Supernovae
1782:Red dwarfs
1641:Extinction
1429:Kinematics
1424:Luminosity
1402:Properties
1295:Atmosphere
1193:Si burning
1183:Ne burning
1121:White hole
1094:Quasi-star
1021:Blue dwarf
876:Technetium
792:Hypergiant
770:Supergiant
402:References
359:red dwarfs
324:spiral arm
263:thick disk
231:) through
115:March 2012
85:newspapers
1733:Brightest
1631:Magnitude
1611:Pole star
1532:Symbiotic
1527:Eclipsing
1459:Starlight
1260:Structure
1250:Supernova
1243:Micronova
1238:Recurrent
1223:Symbiotic
1208:p-process
1203:r-process
1198:s-process
1188:O burning
1178:C burning
1158:CNO cycle
1101:Gravastar
637:Hypernova
627:Supernova
602:Dredge-up
575:Blue loop
568:super-AGB
551:Red clump
528:Evolution
486:Protostar
466:Accretion
458:Formation
377:red dwarf
349:and blue
320:thin disk
302:intrinsic
258:thin disk
235:(dwarfs).
158:Milky Way
42:does not
1939:Category
1912:Category
1807:Remnants
1703:Extremes
1663:Parallax
1636:Apparent
1626:Asterism
1604:Sunlight
1554:Globular
1539:Multiple
1464:Variable
1454:Rotation
1414:Dynamics
1305:Starspot
979:Magnetar
922:Remnants
738:Subgiant
711:Subdwarf
563:post-AGB
373:luminous
253:Location
215:infrared
144:and the
1879:Gravity
1828:Related
1748:Nearest
1696:Chinese
1544:Cluster
1517:Contact
1354:Proplyd
1228:Remnant
1116:Blitzar
1090:Hawking
1046:Strange
996:Burster
952:Neutron
905:Extreme
856:He-weak
501:T Tauri
388: C
381:Proxima
99:scholar
63:removed
48:sources
1869:Galaxy
1857:Planet
1845:Desert
1753:bright
1691:Arabic
1512:Binary
1332:Bubble
1056:Planck
1031:Exotic
967:Binary
962:Pulsar
900:Helium
861:Barium
804:Carbon
797:Yellow
785:Yellow
758:Yellow
597:PG1159
379:named
351:dwarfs
347:giants
269:, and
249:(old).
161:galaxy
101:
94:
87:
80:
72:
1874:Guest
1678:Lists
1559:Super
1213:Fusor
1086:Black
1071:Quark
1051:Preon
1036:Boson
972:X-ray
888:Shell
841:Ap/Bp
743:Giant
661:Early
607:OH/IR
437:Stars
383:, or
311:away.
142:stars
106:JSTOR
92:books
1549:Open
1444:Mass
1268:Core
1218:Nova
1111:Iron
1061:Dark
871:Lead
851:HgMn
846:CEMP
775:Blue
748:Blue
666:Late
448:List
314:The
291:Bias
271:halo
221:Size
205:and
154:bias
148:and
78:news
46:any
44:cite
1850:Sub
1584:Sun
1003:SGR
780:Red
753:Red
316:Sun
281:not
239:Age
57:by
20:or
1941::
883:Be
836:Am
819:CH
814:CN
733:OB
728:WR
265:,
261:,
163:.
1076:Q
895:B
809:S
721:B
716:O
704:M
699:K
694:G
689:F
684:A
679:B
674:O
429:e
422:t
415:v
273:.
233:V
227:(
225:I
217:.
207:T
203:L
199:M
195:F
191:O
128:)
122:(
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113:(
103:·
96:·
89:·
82:·
65:.
51:.
24:.
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