1492:
3560:
3934:(1992) conducted their own Sm/Nd investigation using hornblende and the drilled core of a 50 cm garnet to produce an isochron age of 1051 ± 4 Ma. Connelly (2006) utilized seven different fractions of a Gore Mountain garnet to obtain a Lu-Hf isochron age of 1046.6 ± 6 Ma. It is therefore concluded with confidence that the garnets formed at 1049 ± 5 Ma, the average of the three determinations. This is also the local age of peak metamorphism in the 1090–1040 Ma Ottawan phase of the Grenvillian orogeny and serves as a critical data point in ascertaining the evolution of the megacrystic garnet deposits.
3632:
904:
892:
6664:
3946:
3655:
916:
94:
6652:
1500:
3799:
60 mesh (250 micrometers) and 200 mesh (74 micrometers) are normally used for water jet cutting. The remaining garnet pieces that are finer than 200 mesh (74 micrometers) are used for glass polishing and lapping. Regardless of the application, the larger grain sizes are used for faster work and the smaller ones are used for finer finishes.
1234:
43:
1047:
3552:
753:
3239:; mineral name, chemical formula and space group (American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database) of the IMA Database of Mineral Properties/ RRUFF Project, Univ. of Arizona, was preferred most of the time. Minor components in formulae have been left out to highlight the dominant chemical endmember that defines each species.
3920:
The largest garnet mine in the world is located Near North Creek New York and is operated by Barton Mines
Corporation who supplies about 90% of the world's garnet. Barton Mines Corporation is the first and oldest industrial garnet mining operation in the world and the second oldest continuous mining
3911:
The New York State Museum in Albany, NY houses specimens from significant sites across the state, including 93 mineral species from the Balmat-Edwards mining district in St. Lawrence, super garnets from the Barton Mine in the
Adirondack Mountains, and Herkimer diamonds from Herkimer County, New York
4942:
Feneyrol, J.; Giuliani, G.; Ohnenstetter, D.; Fallick, A.E.; Martelat, J.E.; Monié, P.; Dubessy, J.; Rollion-Bard, C.; Le Goff, E.; Malisa, E.; Rakotondrazafy, A.F.M.; Pardieu, V.; Kahn, T.; Ichang'i, D.; Venance, E.; Voarintsoa, N.R.; Ranatsenho, M.M.; Simonet, C.; Omito, E.; Nyamai, C.; Saul, M.
3834:
is perhaps the garnet type used for the longest period of time. This type of garnet is produced in
America, China and western India. These crystals are crushed in mills and then purified by wind blowing, magnetic separation, sieving and, if required, washing. Being freshly crushed, this garnet has
3933:
Gore
Mountain garnets are unique in many respects, and considerable effort has been made to determine the timing of garnet growth. The first dating was that of Basu et al. (1989), who used plagioclase-hornblende-garnet to produce a Sm/Nd isochron that yielded an age of 1059 ± 19 Ma. Mezger et al.
3902:
Since 2003 New York State has ranked first in industrial garnet-production in the United States. Since there are just a few companies that account for all U.S. industrial garnet production, published detailed production statistics for New York State are not available. However, generally speaking,
3798:
As an abrasive, garnet can be broadly divided into two categories; blasting grade and water jet grade. The garnet, as it is mined and collected, is crushed to finer grains; all pieces which are larger than 60 mesh (250 micrometers) are normally used for sand blasting. The pieces between
3596:
in metamorphic rocks. Compositional zoning and inclusions can mark the change from growth of the crystals at low temperatures to higher temperatures. Garnets that are not compositionally zoned more than likely experienced ultra high temperatures (above 700 °C) that led to diffusion of major
3567:
The mineral garnet is commonly found in metamorphic and to a lesser extent, igneous rocks. Most natural garnets are compositionally zoned and contain inclusions. Its crystal lattice structure is stable at high pressures and temperatures and is thus found in green-schist facies metamorphic rocks
3813:
This material is particularly popular due to its consistent supplies, huge quantities and clean material. The common problems with this material are the presence of ilmenite and chloride compounds. Since the material has been naturally crushed and ground on the beaches for past centuries, the
3921:
operation in the United States under the same management and mining the same product throughout its history. The Gore
Mountain Mine of the Barton Mines Corporation was first mined under the direction of H. H. Barton Sr. in 1878 to produce garnet as the primary product.
4679:
Krambrock, K.; Guimarães, F. S.; Pinheiro, M. V. B.; Paniago, R.; Righi, A.; Persiano, A. I. C.; Karfunkel, J.; Hoover, D. B. (July 2013). "Purplish-red almandine garnets with alexandrite-like effect: causes of colors and color-enhancing treatments".
4767:
Plümper, Oliver; Beinlich, Andreas; Bach, Wolfgang; Janots, Emilie; Austrheim, Håkon (September 2014). "Garnets within geode-like serpentinite veins: Implications for element transport, hydrogen production and life-supporting environment formation".
4739:
Saha, Abhishek; Ray, Jyotisankar; Ganguly, Sohini; Chatterjee, Nilanjan (10 July 2011). "Occurrence of melanite garnet in syenite and ijolite–melteigite rocks of
Samchampi–Samteran alkaline complex, Mikir Hills, Northeastern India".
4803:
Coombs, D. S.; Kawachi, Y.; Houghton, B. F.; Hyden, G.; Pringle, I. J.; Williams, J. G. (August 1977). "Andradite and andradite-grossular solid solutions in very low-grade regionally metamorphosed rocks in
Southern New Zealand".
1179:, Greek for "rose". In chemical composition it may be considered as essentially an isomorphous mixture of pyrope and almandine, in the proportion of two parts pyrope to one part almandine. Pyrope has tradenames some of which are
876:
system, having three axes that are all of equal length and perpendicular to each other, but are never actually cubic because, despite being isometric, the {100} and {111} families of planes are depleted. Garnets do not have any
955:
measurements in conjunction with refractive index can be used to distinguish garnet species and varieties, and determine the composition of garnets in terms of percentages of end-member species within an individual gem.
3929:
The open-pit Barton Garnet Mine, located at Gore
Mountain in the Adirondack Highlands, yields the world's largest single crystals of garnet; diameters range from 5 to 35 cm and commonly average 10–18 cm.
3835:
the sharpest edges and therefore performs far better than other kinds of garnet. Both the river and the beach garnet suffer from the tumbling effect of hundreds of thousands of years which rounds off the edges.
3777:, and a common replacement for silica sand in sand blasting. Alluvial garnet grains which are rounder are more suitable for such blasting treatments. Mixed with very high pressure water, garnet is used to cut
1145:, though the magnesium can be replaced in part by calcium and ferrous iron. The color of pyrope varies from deep red to black. Pyrope and spessartine gemstones have been recovered from the Sloan diamondiferous
1349:
Other varieties of color-changing garnets exist. In daylight, their color ranges from shades of green, beige, brown, gray, and blue, but in incandescent light, they appear a reddish or purplish/pink color.
1491:
735:), which are similar in shape, size, and color to some garnet crystals. Hessonite garnet is also named 'gomed' in Indian literature and is one of the 9 jewels in Vedic astrology that compose the
891:
3597:
elements within the crystal lattice, effectively homogenizing the crystal or they were never zoned. Garnets can also form metamorphic textures that can help interpret structural histories.
3802:
There are different kinds of abrasive garnets which can be divided based on their origin. The largest source of abrasive garnet today is garnet-rich beach sand which is quite abundant on
3746:
763:
Garnet species' light transmission properties can range from the gemstone-quality transparent specimens to the opaque varieties used for industrial purposes as abrasives. The mineral's
3867:. In Persia this birth gem was considered a talisman from nature's forces like storm and lightning. It was widely accepted that garnet could signal approaching danger by turning pale.
3588:
that form from them. Garnets are unique in that they can record the pressures and temperatures of peak metamorphism and are used as geobarometers and geothermometers in the study of
931:
Because the chemical composition of garnet varies, the atomic bonds in some species are stronger than in others. As a result, this mineral group shows a range of hardness on the
225:
5979:
3745:
for
January. The garnet family is one of the most complex in the gem world. It is not a single species, but is composed of multiple species and varieties. It is the
5766:
3559:
3452:, is an inorganic compound with a unique crystal structure primarily known for its use in high-efficiency laser devices. LuAG is also useful in the synthesis of
3326:
gemstones. Due to its fairly high refractive index, YAG was used as a diamond simulant in the 1970s until the methods of producing the more advanced simulant
3464:
garnets, which results in a higher density producing a crystal field with narrower linewidths and greater energy level splitting in absorption and emission.
1090:; the deep red transparent stones are often called precious garnet and are used as gemstones (being the most common of the gem garnets). Almandine occurs in
3741:
Pure crystals of garnet are still used as gemstones. The gemstone varieties occur in shades of green, red, yellow, and orange. In the US it is known as the
903:
5101:
Bornstein, E (2004). "Proper use of Er:YAG lasers and contact sapphire tips when cutting teeth and bone: scientific principles and clinical application".
3600:
In addition to being used to devolve conditions of metamorphism, garnets can be used to date certain geologic events. Garnet has been developed as a U-Pb
3393:
sites, with the yttrium(III) ions coordinated by eight oxygen ions in an irregular cube. The iron ions in the two coordination sites exhibit different
5605:
4871:
3576:, and mica schist. The composition that is stable at the pressure and temperature conditions of Earth's mantle is pyrope, which is often found in
5257:
5485:
64:
51:
5797:
5750:
5314:
5042:
4541:
760:
Garnet species are found in every colour, with reddish shades most common. Blue garnets are the rarest and were first reported in the 1990s.
5662:
3785:. For water jet cutting, garnet extracted from hard rock is suitable since it is more angular in form, therefore more efficient in cutting.
7713:
6948:
5515:
915:
5209:
Moore, Cheryl (2015). "Towards a
Greater Understanding of Hydrothermally Grown Garnets and Sesquioxide Crystals for Laser Applications".
4628:
Schmetzer, Karl; Bernhardt, Heinz-Jürgen (2002). "Gem-quality spessartine-grossular garnet of intermediate composition from Madagascar".
4421:
6702:
6133:
1953:
knorringite never occurs in nature. Pyrope rich in the knorringite component is only formed under high pressure and is often found in
1531:, though the calcium may in part be replaced by ferrous iron and the aluminium by ferric iron. The name grossular is derived from the
1504:
5628:
6062:
6049:
5346:
4369:
4342:
4143:
4044:
5891:
5648:
4032:
7698:
4359:
5700:
5258:"Complete Stokes polarimetry of magneto-optical Faraday effect in a terbium gallium garnet crystal at cryogenic temperatures"
4304:
4092:
3251:
The crystallographic structure of garnets has been expanded from the prototype to include chemicals with the general formula
932:
287:
3456:. LuAG is particularly favored over other crystals for its high density and thermal conductivity; it has a relatively small
7733:
5916:
320:
5773:
4444:
7728:
6655:
6624:
5185:
1591:
1168:
7703:
7693:
3592:
which determines "P-T Paths", Pressure-Temperature Paths. Garnets are used as an index mineral in the delineation of
1547:. Other shades include cinnamon brown (cinnamon stone variety), red, and yellow. Because of its inferior hardness to
1074:
where these stones were cut in ancient times. Chemically, almandine is an iron-aluminium garnet with the formula Fe
5566:
4979:
3631:
6080:
897:
Crystal structure of pyrope garnet. White spheres are oxygen; black, silicon; blue, aluminium; and red, magnesium.
7723:
7159:
6639:
4268:
Baxter, Ethan F.; Caddick, Mark J.; Ague, Jay J. (1 December 2013). "Garnet: Common Mineral, Uncommonly Useful".
3511:
3432:
3355:
6995:
6817:
6634:
5232:
4243:
3303:
5579:
1058:(though originally almost any red gemstone was known by this name). The term "carbuncle" is derived from the
7708:
7626:
7000:
6719:
6695:
6126:
6099:
5998:"Megacrystic Gore Mountain–type garnets in the Adirondack Highlands: Age, origin, and tectonic implications"
3840:
952:
150:
56:
31:
5830:
Knuth, Bruce G. (2007). Gems in Myth, Legend and Lore (Revised edition). Parachute: Jewelers Press. p. 294.
4848:
3491:
material with excellent transparency properties and is very resistant to laser damage. TGG can be used in
3467:
3359:
873:
165:
5602:
1455:, is of variable composition and may be red, yellow, brown, green or black. The recognized varieties are
7718:
7526:
5941:
5367:
4133:
3860:
2338:
1495:
Grossular garnet from Quebec, collected by Dr John Hunter in the 18th century, Hunterian Museum, Glasgow
1353:
This is the rarest type of garnet. Because of its color-changing quality, this kind of garnet resembles
277:
5541:
2107:
2066:
2025:
1618:. This is a rather rare garnet, bright green in color, usually found as small crystals associated with
179:
7363:
7020:
6009:
5451:
5439:
5404:
5392:
5269:
5214:
4952:
4905:
4813:
4777:
4689:
4486:
4277:
4188:
3992:
3856:
3836:
3687:
3679:
3453:
2577:
1055:
603:
259:
5493:
7358:
3876:
3715:
3647:
3643:
3609:
3585:
3366:
2891:
764:
310:
300:
5801:
3535:
which is synthesized for use as a substrate for liquid-phase epitaxy of magnetic garnet films for
2246:
951:
separates garnet from all other natural transparent gemstones commonly used in the jewelry trade.
6767:
6747:
6688:
6562:
6119:
5821:
Kunz, George F. (1913). The curious lore of precious stones. Lippincott. pp. 275–306, pp. 319-320
5438:
Blackburn, Terrence J.; Stockli, Daniel F.; Carlson, Richard W.; Berendsen, Pieter (2008-10-30).
5083:
4829:
4749:
4705:
4010:
3864:
3589:
3496:
3461:
3323:
2975:
1639:
878:
267:
4896:
Modreski, Peter J. (1 February 1993). "Featured Mineral Group at the 1993 Tucson Show: Garnet".
4135:
Ancient astrological gemstones & talismans : the complete science of planetary gemology
2713:
2201:
2148:
2760:
2619:
7214:
6797:
6058:
6045:
5746:
5696:
5467:
5420:
5342:
5310:
5287:
5167:
5149:
5110:
5075:
5038:
4537:
4418:
4365:
4338:
4149:
4139:
4088:
4040:
3959:
3500:
3418:
3144:
2933:
1331:
1214:
780:
5870:
2666:
7124:
6953:
6907:
6827:
6629:
6268:
6017:
5459:
5455:
5412:
5277:
5157:
5141:
5067:
5017:
4960:
4913:
4863:
4821:
4785:
4697:
4637:
4584:
4529:
4494:
4398:
4285:
4233:
4196:
4000:
3792:
3782:
3754:
3605:
3492:
3457:
1091:
948:
602:
All species of garnets possess similar physical properties and crystal forms, but differ in
584:
557:
356:
330:
116:
7219:
7154:
6965:
6938:
6668:
6517:
5632:
5625:
5609:
4655:
4425:
3951:
3818:
beach in south India is 80 mesh, and ranges from 56 mesh to 100 mesh size.
3636:
3488:
1281:
768:
6105:
5128:
Kokavec, Jan; Wu, Zhichao; Sherwin, Justin C; Ang, Alan JS; Ang, Ghee Soon (2017-06-01).
1113:, and others. Almandine has nicknames of Oriental garnet, almandine ruby, and carbuncle.
6013:
5408:
5273:
5218:
4956:
4909:
4817:
4781:
4693:
4490:
4281:
4192:
3996:
3654:
7572:
7516:
7504:
7433:
7077:
7015:
6792:
6525:
6362:
5162:
5129:
5071:
4107:
3825:
3620:
3601:
3540:
3402:
3394:
3327:
1766:
1635:
1556:
1204:
1172:
705:
693:
639:
160:
6085:
5895:
5309:(International Fourth ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 252–255.
4387:"Disintegration and recycling possibility of selected abrasives for water jet cutting"
7687:
7647:
7577:
7536:
7204:
6958:
6943:
6892:
6557:
4833:
4559:
Gemstones and Other Unique Rocks and Minerals of Wyoming – Field Guide for Collectors
4014:
3536:
3343:
2291:
1643:
1311:
869:
865:
861:
366:
254:
172:
5087:
4964:
4709:
3706:. Thousands of Tamraparniyan gold, silver and red garnet shipments were made in the
7672:
7667:
7662:
7614:
7567:
7397:
7343:
7129:
7010:
6970:
6862:
6603:
6589:
6585:
6572:
6423:
6168:
5145:
4498:
3675:
3672:
3504:
3351:
3347:
1627:
1572:
1472:
858:
389:
109:
5962:
5849:
5416:
5058:
Teikemeier, G; Goldberg, DJ (1997). "Skin resurfacing with the erbium:YAG laser".
4917:
4533:
4312:
4119:
3691:
1306:
Blue pyrope–spessartine garnets were discovered in the late 1990s in Bekily,
93:
3843:, USA, is a significant source of rock garnet for use as an industrial abrasive.
3365:
Interesting magnetic properties arise when the appropriate elements are used. In
7609:
7499:
7338:
7288:
7283:
7199:
7041:
6917:
6867:
6742:
6737:
6429:
6340:
6197:
5688:
5021:
4403:
4386:
3880:
3815:
3750:
3727:
3719:
3695:
3577:
3406:
3390:
3102:
3055:
2807:
1857:
1564:
1480:
1464:
1463:(black), and topazolite (yellow or green). The red-brown translucent variety of
1354:
1157:
1016:
854:
724:
615:
386:
376:
231:
5920:
5463:
4641:
4289:
4200:
3563:
Garnet var. Spessartine, Putian City, Putian Prefecture, Fujian Province, China
857:
framework with occupying the tetrahedra. Garnets are most often found in the
7443:
7388:
7263:
7176:
7144:
7134:
7036:
6985:
6922:
6897:
6772:
6577:
6551:
6309:
6303:
5717:
4789:
4701:
3941:
3852:
3742:
3731:
3699:
3581:
3516:
3422:
3414:
3386:
3358:
respectively. These doped YAG lasers are used in medical procedures including
3339:
3236:
2493:
1954:
1662:
1623:
1536:
1499:
1307:
1218:
1146:
1110:
1102:
1071:
1054:
Almandine, sometimes incorrectly called almandite, is the modern gem known as
882:
850:
642:
series: pyrope-almandine-spessartine (pyralspite), with the composition range
588:
5471:
5424:
5153:
5130:"Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis versus pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous floaters"
3814:
material is normally available in fine sizes only. Most of the garnet at the
1590:
has been called tsavorite. Tsavorite was first described in the 1960s in the
7589:
7582:
7453:
7448:
7428:
7353:
7278:
7272:
7253:
7149:
7090:
7005:
6902:
6837:
6812:
6802:
6732:
6711:
6580:
6530:
6462:
6457:
6414:
6368:
6348:
6344:
6245:
6230:
6225:
6157:
6095:
4153:
3896:
3884:
3807:
3735:
3707:
3703:
3683:
3659:
3426:
3331:
3281:
3191:
2535:
2451:
2409:
2367:
1950:
1901:
1693:
1576:
1560:
1508:
1456:
1412:
1391:
1370:
1273:
1020:
974:
936:
842:
834:
826:
736:
661:; and uvarovite-grossular-andradite (ugrandite), with the composition range
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
611:
5291:
5171:
5114:
1233:
42:
17:
5079:
4867:
4238:
7657:
7631:
7620:
7557:
7484:
7423:
7413:
7408:
7368:
7308:
7298:
7258:
7240:
7229:
7224:
7139:
7095:
6980:
6975:
6912:
6852:
6842:
6807:
6782:
6757:
6752:
6599:
6567:
6546:
6492:
6480:
6434:
6409:
6399:
6357:
6319:
6263:
6220:
6192:
6142:
5282:
4656:"Color Change Garnet Value, Price, and Jewelry Information - Gem Society"
3824:
is particularly abundant in Australia. The river sand garnet occurs as a
3774:
3441:
3398:
3293:
3289:
2849:
1881:
1697:
1619:
1587:
1568:
1460:
1335:
1323:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1258:
1222:
1180:
1154:
1150:
1126:
1067:
846:
596:
592:
5440:"(U–Th)/He dating of kimberlites—A case study from north-eastern Kansas"
4943:(September 2013). "New aspects and perspectives on tsavorite deposits".
4753:
4722:
4005:
3980:
1543:, in reference to the green garnet of this composition that is found in
7652:
7562:
7474:
7383:
7348:
7333:
7318:
7303:
7293:
7166:
7100:
7051:
6990:
6847:
6822:
6787:
6593:
6520:
6404:
6331:
6280:
6187:
6177:
6090:
6022:
5997:
4825:
4219:"Garnets from Madagascar with a color change from blue-green to purple"
3892:
3723:
3593:
3472:
3285:
1958:
1544:
1476:
1270:
1262:
1161:
1106:
1046:
822:
798:
4930:
3615:
Garnets can be chemically altered and most often alter to serpentine,
1933:
Knorringite is a magnesium-chromium garnet species with the formula Mg
1559:
meaning inferior. Grossular is found in skarns, contact metamorphosed
7552:
7458:
7418:
7393:
7328:
7209:
7194:
7189:
7105:
7056:
7046:
6762:
6727:
6512:
6475:
6472:
6468:
6352:
6235:
4218:
3758:
3711:
3573:
3569:
3410:
3335:
3013:
1631:
1548:
1532:
1327:
1315:
1284:-yellow is found in Madagascar. Violet-red spessartines are found in
1210:
1098:
995:
801:
607:
6077:
contains a comprehensive section about garnets and garnet magnetism.
3276:. Besides silicon, a large number of elements have been put on the
731:), a plant whose fruits contain abundant and vivid red seed covers (
6074:
4589:
4576:
3903:
Barton Mines in Warren County is the largest U.S. garnet producer.
7531:
7521:
7511:
7494:
7489:
7479:
7438:
7268:
7248:
7184:
7116:
6857:
6832:
6777:
6452:
6419:
6325:
6315:
6274:
6202:
5256:
Majeed, Hassaan; Shaheen, Amrozia; Anwar, Muhammad Sabieh (2013).
3888:
3803:
3788:
Garnet paper is favored by cabinetmakers for finishing bare wood.
3778:
3762:
3694:
technique, a style often just called garnet cloisonné, found from
3653:
3630:
3558:
3551:
3550:
1583:
1498:
1490:
1468:
1467:
is recognized as a partially obsolete name. Andradite is found in
1319:
1294:
1266:
1232:
1059:
1045:
752:
751:
1551:, which the yellow crystals resemble, they have also been called
7403:
7378:
7373:
7323:
7085:
6607:
6541:
6534:
6486:
6285:
6240:
6182:
6151:
Gemmological classifications by E. Ya. Kievlenko (1980), updated
4980:"A new chromium garnet end member, knorringite, from Kimberlite"
3639:
3616:
3297:
2335:
IMA/CNMNC – Nickel-Strunz – Mineral subclass: 09.A Nesosilicate
1334:
of viewing light, as a result of the relatively high amounts of
1125:
meaning "firelike") is red in color and chemically an aluminium
1095:
947:
For gem identification purposes, a pick-up response to a strong
830:
732:
6684:
6115:
5066:(8). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 685–687.
4428:, The Journal of Gemmology, 2008, Volume 31, No. 3/4 pp. 91–103
4358:
Deer, W. A.; Howie, R. A.; Zussman, J. (2013). "Garnet Group".
5516:"A trail of garnet and gold: Sri Lanka to Anglo-Saxon England"
4561:. Laramie, Wyoming: Wyoming Geological Survey. pp. 268 p.
4419:
Magnetic susceptibility, a better approach to defining garnets
1330:. It changes color from blue-green to purple depending on the
881:
planes, so when they fracture under stress, sharp, irregular (
36:
4179:
Galoisy, L. (1 December 2013). "Garnet: From Stone to Star".
3810:
coasts and the main producers today are Australia and India.
6680:
6111:
5362:
5360:
5358:
1986:(X = Ca, Fe, etc., Z = Al, Cr, etc., T = Si, As, V, Fe, Al)
1276:
and allied rock types, and in certain low grade metamorphic
1241:
Spessartine or spessartite is manganese aluminium garnet, Mn
566:
4847:
Phillips, Wm. Revell; Talantsev, Anatoly S. (Summer 1996).
1515:
Grossular is a calcium-aluminium garnet with the formula Ca
1483:. Demantoid is one of the most prized of garnet varieties.
921:
Silicon ion size exaggerated to emphasize silica tetrahedra
5268:(21). Washington, D.C.: The Optical Society: 25148–25158.
3608:
in the (U-Th)/He system to date timing of cooling below a
1602:
Uvarovite is a calcium chromium garnet with the formula Ca
3738:), known from antiquity for its production of gemstones.
3690:. They were especially used inlaid in gold cells in the
3671:
Red garnets were the most commonly used gemstones in the
3330:
in commercial quantities were developed. When doped with
1507:. The green gem at right is a type of grossular known as
909:
Same view, with ion sizes reduced to better show all ions
572:
563:
5800:. The National Association of Goldsmiths. Archived from
4725:(a variety of Andradite): information about the mineral
4417:
D. B. Hoover, B. Williams, C. Williams and C. Mitchell,
4217:
Schmetzer, Karl; Bernhardt, Heinz-Jürgen (Winter 1999).
5391:
Seman, S.; Stockli, D. F.; McLean, N. M. (2017-06-05).
4122:. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved on 2011-12-25.
4110:. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved on 2011-12-25.
1957:. It is used as an indicator mineral in the search for
1302:
Pyrope–spessartine (blue garnet or color-change garnet)
756:
A sample showing the deep red color garnet can exhibit.
6106:
https://www.birthstone.guide/garnet-birthstone-meaning
4477:
Jensen, David E. (November 1975). "The Garnet Group".
4364:. Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
5767:"Industrial Mineral Opportunities in New South Wales"
700:, meaning 'dark red'. It is borrowed from Old French
569:
182:
4087:(21st ed.). New York: Wiley. pp. 451–454.
575:
351:
Single refractive, often anomalous double refractive
325:
Can form with any diaphaneity, translucent is common
7602:
7545:
7467:
7238:
7175:
7114:
7076:
7069:
7029:
6931:
6885:
6878:
6718:
6617:
6505:
6443:
6390:
6381:
6294:
6254:
6211:
6166:
6156:
6086:
http://gemstone.org/education/gem-by-gem/154-garnet
5341:. New York: John Wiley and Sons. pp. 375–378.
4083:Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr. (1993).
560:
526:
503:
480:
457:
434:
411:
406:
398:
385:
375:
365:
355:
347:
339:
329:
319:
309:
299:
286:
276:
266:
253:
245:
240:
230:
171:
159:
149:
115:
105:
100:
86:
5743:The Abrasives Industry in Europe and North America
5567:Geological Sciences at University of Texas, Austin
5393:"U-Pb geochronology of grossular-andradite garnet"
4445:"On the words used as names for ruby and sapphire"
4337:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 311.
3604:, to date the age of crystallization as well as a
1594:area of Kenya, from which the gem takes its name.
1062:meaning "live coal" or burning charcoal. The name
219:
5871:"State of Connecticut – Sites, Seals and Symbols"
4085:Manual of mineralogy : (after James D. Dana)
1213:is an indicator mineral for high-pressure rocks.
715:('grain, seed'). This is possibly a reference to
1310:. This type has also been found in parts of the
6008:(5). Geological Society of America: 1194–1208.
5996:McLelland, James M.; Selleck, Bruce W. (2011).
6040:Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985,
5580:"Garnet Value, Price, and Jewelry Information"
4849:"Russian demantoid, czar of the garnet family"
3714:and Anglo Saxons; recent findings such as the
3710:, including to Rome, Greece, the Middle East,
1630:, and kimberlites. It is found in crystalline
943:Magnetics used in garnet series identification
821:site is usually occupied by divalent cations (
6696:
6127:
5974:
5972:
5603:State of Connecticut, Sites º Seals º Symbols
5332:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5233:"Lutetium Aluminum Garnet - LuAG - Lu3Al5O12"
4078:
4076:
4074:
4072:
3686:" peoples who took over the territory of the
935:of about 6.0 to 7.5. The harder species like
8:
4603:
4361:An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals
4166:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4052:
3726:confirm an established gem trade route with
5991:
5989:
5186:"What is YIG and How Does It Work So Well?"
5134:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4570:
4568:
4438:
4436:
4434:
3891:has star garnet as its state gemstone, and
3642:hilt fitting – gold with gemstone inlay of
7073:
6882:
6703:
6689:
6681:
6651:
6387:
6163:
6134:
6120:
6112:
5569:. Geo.utexas.edu. Retrieved on 2011-12-25.
1175:is a violet-red shade and has been called
92:
6021:
5281:
5161:
5037:(3rd ed.). Wiley. pp. 208–211.
4978:Nixon, Peter H.; Hornung, George (1968).
4806:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
4588:
4402:
4237:
4004:
3855:of January. It is also the birthstone of
1503:Grossular garnets on display at the U.S.
209:
195:
194:
186:
181:
4311:. University of Colorado. Archived from
3531:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3448:
3443:
3438:
2346:
1994:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1689:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1153:, from the Bishop Conglomerate and in a
676:
672:
668:
664:
657:
653:
649:
645:
67:of all important aspects of the article.
5663:"Selecting the right waterjet abrasive"
5614:Connecticut State Register & Manual
3971:
3757:gemstone, and star garnet (garnet with
3413:. Yttrium iron garnet can be made into
887:
771:(glass-like) or resinous (amber-like).
5542:"Acquisitions of the month: June 2018"
5490:The Potteries Museum & Art Gallery
4212:
4210:
3650:, found in 2009, and not fully cleaned
3417:, which serve as magnetically tunable
1989:All are cubic or strongly pseudocubic.
1439:Andradite is a calcium-iron garnet, Ca
939:are often used for abrasive purposes.
83:
63:Please consider expanding the lead to
5982:. Lake George Guide. 21 October 2010.
5745:. Materials Technology Publications.
4615:
4511:
4028:
4026:
4024:
3385:, the five iron(III) ions occupy two
1225:) commonly contain a pyrope variety.
864:, but are also commonly found in the
7:
6091:http://www.mindat.org/min-10272.html
3981:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
3761:asterisms) is the state gemstone of
5486:"Staffordshire Hoard Festival 2019"
5444:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1101:, associated with minerals such as
5919:. State of Vermont. Archived from
5695:(4th ed.). London: Batsford.
5307:Introduction to Optical Mineralogy
5072:10.1111/j.1524-4725.1997.tb00389.x
5012:Zeitschrift für Kristallographie,
4138:. Bangkok: A.G.T. Co. p. 47.
3248:Also known as rare-earth garnets.
1505:National Museum of Natural History
965:Pyralspite garnets – aluminium in
249:virtually all colors, blue is rare
25:
5693:The Technique of Furniture Making
5337:Klein, C; Hurlbut, C. D. (1985).
4682:Physics and Chemistry of Minerals
4577:"Gem stones of the United States"
4385:Perec, Andrzej (1 October 2017).
1237:Spessartine (the reddish mineral)
6662:
6650:
6075:http://www.gemstonemagnetism.com
5894:. State of Idaho. Archived from
5616:; retrieved on December 20, 2008
5010:Crystal chemistry of the garnets
4033:Gemological Institute of America
3944:
3362:, dentistry, and ophthalmology.
1817:(where x is between 0.2 and 1.5)
1646:, a Russian imperial statesman.
914:
902:
890:
556:
220:{\displaystyle 4/m{\bar {3}}2/m}
41:
6264:Yellow, Green, Violet Sapphires
6055:Color Encyclopedia of Gemstones
5798:"Tips & Tools: Birthstones"
5639:; retrieved on October 12, 2007
5211:Clemson University Tiger Prints
4965:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.01.016
4877:from the original on 2022-10-09
4770:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
4581:U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin
4526:Dictionary of Gems and Gemology
4249:from the original on 2022-10-09
3555:Main garnet producing countries
3512:gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG)
1759:Hydroxide bearing – calcium in
960:Garnet group end member species
872:habit. They crystallize in the
55:may be too short to adequately
5146:10.1002/14651858.CD011676.pub2
4499:10.1080/00357529.1975.11767172
3899:garnet as its state gemstone.
3887:garnet as its state gemstone,
587:that have been used since the
200:
65:provide an accessible overview
1:
5417:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.04.020
4918:10.1080/00357529.1993.9926521
4575:Schlegel, Dorothy M. (1957).
4534:10.1007/978-3-540-72816-0_532
3791:Garnet sand is also used for
1843:(where x is greater than 1.5)
1361:Ugrandite group – calcium in
1050:Almandine in metamorphic rock
6656:List of gemstones by species
6625:List of individual gemstones
6286:Precious White and Fire Opal
5963:"Minerals of New York State"
5850:"Minerals of New York State"
3662:, a rare bright-green garnet
3499:for fiber optic systems, in
3468:Terbium gallium garnet (TGG)
2339:Nickel-Strunz classification
692:comes from the 14th-century
606:. The different species are
402:variable magnetic attraction
27:Mineral, semi-precious stone
7714:Minerals in space group 230
6081:USGS Garnet locations – USA
5190:www.microlambdawireless.com
5022:10.1524/zkri.1967.125.125.1
4404:10.15446/dyna.v84n203.62592
3460:in comparison to the other
1479:as well as serpentines and
1257:. Its name is derived from
841:site by trivalent cations (
783:having the general formula
7750:
5520:The Historical Association
5464:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.08.006
5305:Nesse, William D. (2013).
4642:10.15506/JoG.2002.28.4.235
4335:Introduction to mineralogy
4333:Nesse, William D. (2000).
4290:10.2113/gselements.9.6.415
4201:10.2113/gselements.9.6.453
1850:Magnesium or manganese in
1265:. It occurs most often in
638:. The garnets make up two
29:
7640:
6648:
6640:List of sapphires by size
6149:
6108:Garnet birthstone stories
5584:International Gem Society
5372:Teaching Phase Equilibria
4790:10.1016/j.gca.2014.07.002
4702:10.1007/s00269-013-0592-6
4660:International Gem Society
3433:Lutetium aluminium garnet
1642:. Uvarovite is named for
1167:A variety of pyrope from
343:vitreous to subadamantine
91:
6635:List of emeralds by size
5839:Kunz (1913), pp. 345–347
4606:, pp. 453, 587–588.
4604:Klein & Hurlbut 1993
4528:. 2009. pp. 19–20.
4443:Lytvynov, L. A. (2011).
4305:"Mineral Structure Data"
4167:Klein & Hurlbut 1993
3304:Yttrium aluminium garnet
622:(varieties of which are
7205:Nickel silver (alpacca)
6100:Law Library of Congress
5687:Joyce, Ernest (1987) .
5456:2008E&PSL.275..111B
5237:scientificmaterials.com
5016:(125), pp. 1–47 (1967)
4729:in the Mindat database.
4557:Hausel, W. Dan (2000).
4132:Brown, Richard (1995).
4037:GIA Gem Reference Guide
3841:Warren County, New York
3781:and other materials in
3718:and the pendant of the
3342:YAG may be used as the
1965:Garnet structural group
1121:Pyrope (from the Greek
953:Magnetic susceptibility
32:Garnet (disambiguation)
7699:Symbols of Connecticut
5873:. State of Connecticut
4931:Mindat.org - Tsavorite
3985:Mineralogical Magazine
3925:Largest garnet crystal
3773:Garnet sand is a good
3663:
3651:
3564:
3556:
3495:for laser systems, in
3360:laser skin resurfacing
1582:Grossular garnet from
1512:
1496:
1238:
1051:
757:
626:or cinnamon-stone and
221:
7546:Other natural objects
6203:Natural marine pearls
5661:Rapple, R. Randolph.
5033:Yariv, Amnon (1989).
4984:American Mineralogist
4868:10.5741/GEMS.32.2.100
4239:10.5741/GEMS.35.4.196
3847:Cultural significance
3657:
3634:
3562:
3554:
3547:Geological importance
3503:, and in current and
1502:
1494:
1236:
1160:at Cedar Mountain in
1049:
885:) pieces are formed.
868:habit as well as the
755:
399:Other characteristics
222:
7734:Symbols of Tocantins
7021:Wire wrapped jewelry
7001:Repoussé and chasing
6322:, pink, yellow-green
6096:Blog post on garnets
6042:Manual of Mineralogy
5965:. State of New York.
5944:. Joseph L. Ferguson
5942:"New York State Gem"
5339:Manual of Mineralogy
5283:10.1364/OE.21.025148
5060:Dermatologic Surgery
4898:Rocks & Minerals
4630:Journal of Gemmology
4514:, pp. 312, 320.
4479:Rocks & Minerals
4452:Functional Materials
3979:Warr, L. N. (2021).
3837:Gore Mountain Garnet
3688:Western Roman Empire
3680:Migration Period art
3454:transparent ceramics
1280:. Spessartine of an
604:chemical composition
305:vitreous to resinous
282:conchoidal to uneven
260:Rhombic dodecahedron
180:
125:The general formula
30:For other uses, see
7729:Industrial minerals
7563:Ebonite (vulcanite)
6669:Minerals portal
6241:Precious Black Opal
6044:, 20th ed., Wiley,
6014:2011Geosp...7.1194M
5852:. State of New York
5741:Briggs, J. (2007).
5649:Idaho state symbols
5409:2017ChGeo.460..106S
5274:2013OExpr..2125148M
5219:2015PhDT.......308M
5035:Quantum Electronics
4957:2013OGRv...53....1F
4945:Ore Geology Reviews
4910:1993RoMin..68...20M
4856:Gems & Gemology
4818:1977CoMP...63..229C
4782:2014GeCoA.141..454P
4694:2013PCM....40..555K
4491:1975RoMin..50..584J
4282:2013Eleme...9..415B
4226:Gems & Gemology
4193:2013Eleme...9..453G
4006:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
3997:2021MinM...85..291W
3879:official gemstone,
3716:Staffordshire Hoard
3648:Staffordshire Hoard
3635:c. 7th century AD,
3610:closure temperature
3510:Another example is
3497:optical circulators
3401:behavior. YIG is a
3367:yttrium iron garnet
1650:Less common species
1634:and schists in the
1471:and in deep-seated
1197:Rocky Mountain ruby
1129:with the formula Mg
1066:is a corruption of
743:Physical properties
7704:Symbols of Vermont
7694:Magnesium minerals
6908:Jewellery designer
6491:Opaque iridescent
6382:Jewelry-Industrial
6328:yellow, blue, pink
6023:10.1130/GES00683.1
5980:"The Garnet Story"
5631:2007-12-08 at the
5626:New York State Gem
5608:2008-07-31 at the
4990:(11–12): 1833–1840
4826:10.1007/BF00375574
4424:2011-10-05 at the
3916:Oldest garnet mine
3865:tropical astrology
3722:Woman skeleton of
3664:
3652:
3590:geothermobarometry
3565:
3557:
3501:optical modulators
3405:material having a
1640:Outokumpu, Finland
1513:
1497:
1239:
1052:
767:is categorized as
758:
348:Optical properties
217:
7681:
7680:
7598:
7597:
7468:Organic gemstones
7065:
7064:
6678:
6677:
6506:Industrial stones
6501:
6500:
6377:
6376:
5917:"Vermont Emblems"
5752:978-1-871677-52-2
5637:State Symbols USA
5316:978-0-19-984628-3
5044:978-0-471-60997-1
4543:978-3-540-72795-8
3960:Abrasive blasting
3606:thermochronometer
3584:, as well as the
3493:optical isolators
3407:Curie temperature
3244:Synthetic garnets
3232:
3231:
2332:
2331:
2108:Bitikleite-(ZrFe)
2067:Bitikleite-(SnFe)
2026:Bitikleite-(SnAl)
1332:color temperature
1092:metamorphic rocks
775:Crystal structure
585:silicate minerals
583:) are a group of
549:
548:
203:
82:
81:
16:(Redirected from
7741:
7724:Garnet gemstones
7125:Britannia silver
7074:
6883:
6705:
6698:
6691:
6682:
6667:
6666:
6665:
6654:
6653:
6630:List of diamonds
6388:
6164:
6136:
6129:
6122:
6113:
6028:
6027:
6025:
5993:
5984:
5983:
5976:
5967:
5966:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5938:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5878:
5867:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5846:
5840:
5837:
5831:
5828:
5822:
5819:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5794:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5778:
5772:. Archived from
5771:
5763:
5757:
5756:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5684:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5658:
5652:
5646:
5640:
5623:
5617:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5576:
5570:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5538:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5492:. Archived from
5482:
5476:
5475:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5397:Chemical Geology
5388:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5364:
5353:
5352:
5334:
5321:
5320:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5285:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5165:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5030:
5024:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4939:
4933:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4893:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4876:
4853:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4736:
4730:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4625:
4619:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4572:
4563:
4562:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4521:
4515:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4449:
4440:
4429:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4397:(203): 249–256.
4382:
4376:
4375:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4248:
4241:
4223:
4214:
4205:
4204:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4080:
4047:
4030:
4019:
4018:
4008:
3976:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3877:New York State's
3793:water filtration
3644:garnet cloisonné
3534:
3486:
3458:lattice constant
3451:
3280:site, including
3227:
3220:
3185:
3178:
3138:
3131:
3096:
3089:
3049:
3042:
3007:
3000:
2969:
2962:
2927:
2920:
2843:
2836:
2801:
2794:
2754:
2747:
2707:
2700:
2660:
2653:
2571:
2564:
2529:
2522:
2487:
2480:
2445:
2438:
2403:
2396:
2347:
2327:
2320:
2282:
2275:
2237:
2230:
2186:
2177:
2139:
2132:
2098:
2091:
2057:
2050:
1995:
1922:
1898:
1878:
1842:
1816:
1791:
1754:
1729:
1712:
1704:[(Si,Al,Fe)O
1683:
1298:
1217:-derived rocks (
949:neodymium magnet
918:
906:
894:
812:
811:
810:
679:
660:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
357:Refractive index
331:Specific gravity
292:
226:
224:
223:
218:
213:
205:
204:
196:
190:
122:
121:(repeating unit)
96:
84:
77:
74:
68:
45:
37:
21:
7749:
7748:
7744:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7684:
7683:
7682:
7677:
7636:
7594:
7583:Spondylus shell
7541:
7463:
7234:
7220:Stainless steel
7171:
7155:Sterling silver
7115:Precious metal
7110:
7078:Precious metals
7061:
7025:
6927:
6874:
6714:
6709:
6679:
6674:
6663:
6661:
6644:
6613:
6497:
6439:
6383:
6373:
6290:
6250:
6207:
6152:
6145:
6140:
6071:
6037:
6035:Further reading
6032:
6031:
5995:
5994:
5987:
5978:
5977:
5970:
5961:
5960:
5956:
5947:
5945:
5940:
5939:
5935:
5926:
5924:
5915:
5914:
5910:
5901:
5899:
5892:"Idaho Symbols"
5890:
5889:
5885:
5876:
5874:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5855:
5853:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5838:
5834:
5829:
5825:
5820:
5816:
5807:
5805:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5769:
5765:
5764:
5760:
5753:
5740:
5739:
5735:
5726:
5724:
5716:AlphaVariable.
5715:
5714:
5710:
5703:
5686:
5685:
5681:
5671:
5669:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5647:
5643:
5633:Wayback Machine
5624:
5620:
5610:Wayback Machine
5601:
5597:
5588:
5586:
5578:
5577:
5573:
5565:
5561:
5551:
5549:
5546:Apollo Magazine
5540:
5539:
5535:
5525:
5523:
5514:
5513:
5509:
5499:
5497:
5496:on 18 June 2019
5484:
5483:
5479:
5437:
5436:
5432:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5376:
5374:
5366:
5365:
5356:
5349:
5336:
5335:
5324:
5317:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5241:
5239:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5194:
5192:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5140:(6): CD011676.
5127:
5126:
5122:
5103:Dentistry Today
5100:
5099:
5095:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5045:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5007:
5003:
4993:
4991:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4929:
4925:
4895:
4894:
4890:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4851:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4742:Current Science
4738:
4737:
4733:
4721:
4717:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4664:
4662:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4614:
4610:
4602:
4598:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4544:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4510:
4506:
4485:(10): 584–587.
4476:
4475:
4471:
4461:
4459:
4447:
4442:
4441:
4432:
4426:Wayback Machine
4416:
4412:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4372:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4345:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4318:
4316:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4208:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4165:
4161:
4146:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4118:
4114:
4106:
4102:
4095:
4082:
4081:
4050:
4031:
4022:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3952:Minerals portal
3950:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3927:
3918:
3909:
3873:
3849:
3771:
3769:Industrial uses
3698:England, as at
3678:world, and the
3669:
3629:
3549:
3541:magneto-optical
3533:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3489:Faraday rotator
3485:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3397:, resulting in
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3275:
3271:
3263:
3257:
3246:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3183:
3176:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3094:
3087:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2799:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2752:
2745:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2705:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2658:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2613:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2578:Henritermierite
2569:
2562:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2001:
1999:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1652:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1489:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1345:
1341:
1338:(about 1 wt.% V
1304:
1292:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1231:
1193:California ruby
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1119:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1044:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
992:
988:
984:
980:
971:
962:
945:
929:
922:
919:
910:
907:
898:
895:
816:
809:
806:
805:
804:
797:
795:
789:
777:
750:
745:
729:Punica granatum
686:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
559:
555:
545:
541:
537:
533:
522:
518:
514:
510:
499:
495:
491:
487:
476:
472:
468:
464:
453:
449:
445:
441:
430:
426:
422:
418:
407:Major varieties
290:
178:
177:
145:
141:
137:
131:
120:
119:
78:
72:
69:
62:
50:This article's
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7747:
7745:
7737:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7709:Cubic minerals
7706:
7701:
7696:
7686:
7685:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7644:Related topics
7641:
7638:
7637:
7635:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7618:
7612:
7606:
7604:
7600:
7599:
7596:
7595:
7593:
7592:
7587:
7586:
7585:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7549:
7547:
7543:
7542:
7540:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7508:
7507:
7502:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7471:
7469:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7245:
7243:
7236:
7235:
7233:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7181:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7169:
7164:
7163:
7162:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7121:
7119:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7082:
7080:
7071:
7067:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7060:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7033:
7031:
7027:
7026:
7024:
7023:
7018:
7016:Wire sculpture
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6962:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6941:
6935:
6933:
6929:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6889:
6887:
6880:
6876:
6875:
6873:
6872:
6871:
6870:
6865:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6724:
6722:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6685:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6621:
6619:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6597:
6583:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6549:
6544:
6538:
6528:
6526:Petrified wood
6523:
6515:
6509:
6507:
6503:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6495:
6489:
6483:
6478:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6449:
6447:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6396:
6394:
6385:
6379:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6334:
6329:
6323:
6313:
6312:, polychromous
6307:
6300:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6271:
6266:
6260:
6258:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6217:
6215:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6174:
6172:
6161:
6154:
6153:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6131:
6124:
6116:
6110:
6109:
6103:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6070:
6069:External links
6067:
6066:
6065:
6052:
6036:
6033:
6030:
6029:
5985:
5968:
5954:
5933:
5908:
5883:
5862:
5841:
5832:
5823:
5814:
5789:
5758:
5751:
5733:
5708:
5701:
5679:
5667:The Fabricator
5653:
5641:
5618:
5595:
5571:
5559:
5533:
5522:. 22 June 2017
5507:
5477:
5450:(1): 111–120.
5430:
5383:
5354:
5347:
5322:
5315:
5297:
5262:Optics Express
5248:
5224:
5201:
5177:
5120:
5093:
5050:
5043:
5025:
5001:
4970:
4934:
4923:
4888:
4862:(2): 100–111.
4839:
4812:(3): 229–246.
4795:
4759:
4731:
4715:
4688:(7): 555–562.
4671:
4647:
4636:(4): 235–239.
4620:
4618:, p. 312.
4608:
4596:
4590:10.3133/b1042G
4564:
4549:
4542:
4516:
4504:
4469:
4430:
4410:
4377:
4370:
4350:
4343:
4325:
4295:
4276:(6): 415–419.
4260:
4232:(4): 196–201.
4206:
4187:(6): 453–456.
4171:
4169:, p. 600.
4159:
4144:
4124:
4112:
4100:
4093:
4048:
4020:
3991:(3): 291–320.
3970:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3939:
3936:
3926:
3923:
3917:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3872:
3869:
3851:Garnet is the
3848:
3845:
3826:placer deposit
3770:
3767:
3668:
3665:
3628:
3625:
3602:geochronometer
3548:
3545:
3543:applications.
3505:magnetic field
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3328:cubic zirconia
3322:, is used for
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3273:
3269:
3261:
3255:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2356:Crystal system
2354:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2011:Crystal system
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:Nickel-Strunz
1993:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1899:
1879:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1818:
1767:Hydrogrossular
1757:
1756:
1755:
1730:
1713:
1684:
1651:
1648:
1638:of Russia and
1636:Ural Mountains
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1488:
1485:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1359:
1343:
1339:
1303:
1300:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1230:
1227:
1205:Czech Republic
1173:North Carolina
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1118:
1115:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:, a region in
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
990:
986:
982:
978:
970:
963:
961:
958:
944:
941:
928:
925:
924:
923:
920:
913:
911:
908:
901:
899:
896:
889:
814:
807:
793:
787:
776:
773:
749:
746:
744:
741:
721:pomum granatum
694:Middle English
685:
682:
667:[Cr,Al,Fe]
644:[Mg,Fe,Mn]
640:solid solution
547:
546:
543:
539:
535:
531:
528:
524:
523:
520:
516:
512:
508:
505:
501:
500:
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:
478:
477:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
455:
454:
451:
447:
443:
439:
436:
432:
431:
428:
424:
420:
416:
413:
409:
408:
404:
403:
400:
396:
395:
392:
383:
382:
379:
373:
372:
369:
363:
362:
359:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
341:
337:
336:
333:
327:
326:
323:
317:
316:
313:
307:
306:
303:
297:
296:
293:
284:
283:
280:
274:
273:
270:
264:
263:
257:
251:
250:
247:
243:
242:
241:Identification
238:
237:
234:
228:
227:
216:
212:
208:
202:
199:
193:
189:
185:
175:
169:
168:
163:
161:Crystal system
157:
156:
153:
147:
146:
143:
139:
135:
129:
123:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
98:
97:
89:
88:
80:
79:
59:the key points
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7746:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7689:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7648:Body piercing
7646:
7643:
7642:
7639:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7622:
7619:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7601:
7591:
7588:
7584:
7581:
7580:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7544:
7538:
7537:Tortoiseshell
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7497:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7472:
7470:
7466:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7399:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7274:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7246:
7244:
7242:
7237:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7178:
7174:
7168:
7165:
7161:
7158:
7157:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7118:
7113:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7075:
7072:
7068:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7034:
7032:
7028:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6930:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6893:Bench jeweler
6891:
6890:
6888:
6884:
6881:
6877:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6860:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6706:
6701:
6699:
6694:
6692:
6687:
6686:
6683:
6671:
6670:
6659:
6658:
6657:
6647:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6616:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6598:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6539:
6536:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6494:
6490:
6488:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6446:
6442:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6425:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6389:
6386:
6380:
6370:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6327:
6324:
6321:
6317:
6314:
6311:
6308:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6293:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6253:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6221:Pink sapphire
6219:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6193:Blue Sapphire
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6162:
6159:
6155:
6148:
6144:
6137:
6132:
6130:
6125:
6123:
6118:
6117:
6114:
6107:
6104:
6101:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6063:0-442-20333-0
6060:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6050:0-471-80580-7
6047:
6043:
6039:
6038:
6034:
6024:
6019:
6015:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5999:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5981:
5975:
5973:
5969:
5964:
5958:
5955:
5943:
5937:
5934:
5923:on 2009-10-29
5922:
5918:
5912:
5909:
5898:on 2010-06-30
5897:
5893:
5887:
5884:
5872:
5866:
5863:
5851:
5845:
5842:
5836:
5833:
5827:
5824:
5818:
5815:
5804:on 2007-05-28
5803:
5799:
5793:
5790:
5779:on 2014-06-22
5775:
5768:
5762:
5759:
5754:
5748:
5744:
5737:
5734:
5723:
5722:AlphaVariable
5719:
5712:
5709:
5704:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5683:
5680:
5668:
5664:
5657:
5654:
5650:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5622:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5604:
5599:
5596:
5585:
5581:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5563:
5560:
5548:. 5 July 2018
5547:
5543:
5537:
5534:
5521:
5517:
5511:
5508:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5481:
5478:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5434:
5431:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5387:
5384:
5373:
5369:
5368:"P-T-t Paths"
5363:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5348:0-471-80580-7
5344:
5340:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5318:
5312:
5308:
5301:
5298:
5293:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5252:
5249:
5238:
5234:
5228:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5205:
5202:
5191:
5187:
5181:
5178:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5124:
5121:
5116:
5112:
5109:(83): 86–89.
5108:
5104:
5097:
5094:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5054:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5036:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5005:
5002:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4974:
4971:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4927:
4924:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4892:
4889:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4840:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4799:
4796:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4763:
4760:
4755:
4751:
4748:(1): 95–100.
4747:
4743:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4719:
4716:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4675:
4672:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4612:
4609:
4605:
4600:
4597:
4591:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4560:
4553:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4524:"Almandine".
4520:
4517:
4513:
4508:
4505:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4473:
4470:
4457:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4405:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4381:
4378:
4373:
4371:9780903056434
4367:
4363:
4362:
4354:
4351:
4346:
4344:9780195106916
4340:
4336:
4329:
4326:
4315:on 2007-01-16
4314:
4310:
4306:
4299:
4296:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4264:
4261:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4160:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4145:974-89022-4-2
4141:
4137:
4136:
4128:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4101:
4096:
4090:
4086:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4045:0-87311-019-6
4042:
4038:
4034:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3975:
3972:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3942:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3924:
3922:
3915:
3913:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3871:United States
3870:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3833:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3794:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3747:state mineral
3744:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3633:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3572:, hornblende
3571:
3561:
3553:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3537:bubble memory
3521:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3477:
3469:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3446:
3434:
3430:
3429:frequencies.
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3403:ferrimagnetic
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3368:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3356:Gd:YAG lasers
3353:
3352:Er:YAG lasers
3349:
3348:Nd:YAG lasers
3345:
3344:lasing medium
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3267:
3260:
3254:
3249:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3223:
3216:
3213:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3181:
3174:
3171:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3134:
3127:
3124:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3092:
3085:
3082:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3045:
3038:
3035:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3003:
2996:
2993:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2965:
2958:
2955:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2923:
2916:
2913:
2895:
2893:
2892:Menzerite-(Y)
2890:
2889:
2875:
2870:
2867:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2839:
2832:
2829:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2797:
2790:
2787:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2750:
2743:
2740:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2703:
2696:
2693:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2656:
2649:
2646:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2567:
2560:
2557:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2518:
2515:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2483:
2476:
2473:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2399:
2392:
2389:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2278:
2271:
2268:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2233:
2226:
2223:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2182:
2173:
2170:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2053:
2046:
2043:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2002:Mineral class
1997:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1928:
1903:
1900:
1883:
1880:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1819:
1793:
1792:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1732:Schorlomite:
1731:
1715:Morimotoite:
1714:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1535:name for the
1534:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1493:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1473:igneous rocks
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1434:
1414:
1411:
1393:
1390:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1312:United States
1309:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1201:Bohemian ruby
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1041:
1022:
1018:
1015:
997:
994:
976:
973:
972:
968:
964:
959:
957:
954:
950:
942:
940:
938:
934:
926:
917:
912:
905:
900:
893:
888:
886:
884:
880:
875:
871:
870:hexoctahedral
867:
866:trapezohedron
863:
862:crystal habit
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
803:
800:
792:
786:
782:
781:nesosilicates
774:
772:
770:
766:
761:
754:
747:
742:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:mela granatum
714:
710:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
683:
681:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
580:
553:
529:
525:
506:
502:
483:
479:
460:
456:
437:
433:
414:
410:
405:
401:
397:
393:
391:
388:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
368:
367:Birefringence
364:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
340:Polish luster
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
322:
318:
314:
312:
308:
304:
302:
298:
294:
289:
285:
281:
279:
275:
271:
269:
265:
261:
258:
256:
255:Crystal habit
252:
248:
244:
239:
235:
233:
229:
214:
210:
206:
197:
191:
187:
183:
176:
174:
173:Crystal class
170:
167:
164:
162:
158:
154:
152:
148:
134:
128:
124:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
99:
95:
90:
85:
76:
66:
60:
58:
53:
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
7719:Garnet group
7673:Wearable art
7668:Phaleristics
7663:Metalworking
7568:Gutta-percha
7344:Lapis lazuli
7313:
7130:Colored gold
7011:Stonesetting
6660:
6604:Pyrophyllite
6573:Serpentinite
6554:(green mica)
6444:
6424:Baltic amber
6391:
6336:
6295:
6255:
6212:
6167:
6054:
6041:
6005:
6001:
5957:
5946:. Retrieved
5936:
5925:. Retrieved
5921:the original
5911:
5900:. Retrieved
5896:the original
5886:
5875:. Retrieved
5865:
5854:. Retrieved
5844:
5835:
5826:
5817:
5806:. Retrieved
5802:the original
5792:
5781:. Retrieved
5774:the original
5761:
5742:
5736:
5725:. Retrieved
5721:
5711:
5692:
5689:Peters, Alan
5682:
5670:. Retrieved
5666:
5656:
5644:
5636:
5621:
5613:
5598:
5587:. Retrieved
5583:
5574:
5562:
5550:. Retrieved
5545:
5536:
5524:. Retrieved
5519:
5510:
5498:. Retrieved
5494:the original
5489:
5480:
5447:
5443:
5433:
5400:
5396:
5386:
5375:. Retrieved
5371:
5338:
5306:
5300:
5265:
5261:
5251:
5240:. Retrieved
5236:
5227:
5210:
5204:
5193:. Retrieved
5189:
5180:
5137:
5133:
5123:
5106:
5102:
5096:
5063:
5059:
5053:
5034:
5028:
5013:
5009:
5004:
4992:. Retrieved
4987:
4983:
4973:
4948:
4944:
4937:
4926:
4904:(1): 20–33.
4901:
4897:
4891:
4879:. Retrieved
4859:
4855:
4842:
4809:
4805:
4798:
4773:
4769:
4762:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4726:
4718:
4685:
4681:
4674:
4663:. Retrieved
4659:
4650:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4611:
4599:
4580:
4558:
4552:
4525:
4519:
4507:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4460:. Retrieved
4458:(2): 274–277
4455:
4451:
4413:
4394:
4390:
4380:
4360:
4353:
4334:
4328:
4317:. Retrieved
4313:the original
4308:
4303:Smyth, Joe.
4298:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4251:. Retrieved
4229:
4225:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4162:
4134:
4127:
4115:
4103:
4084:
4036:
3988:
3984:
3974:
3932:
3928:
3919:
3910:
3901:
3874:
3850:
3831:
3830:
3822:River garnet
3821:
3820:
3812:
3801:
3797:
3790:
3787:
3772:
3740:
3673:Late Antique
3670:
3646:. From the
3614:
3599:
3566:
3509:
3466:
3431:
3409:of 550
3364:
3302:
3277:
3265:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3235:References:
2644:(x= 0.2–1.5)
2362:Space group
2350:Mineral name
2247:Palenzonaite
2145:04 Tellurate
2017:Space group
2005:Mineral name
1932:
1851:
1760:
1656:
1628:serpentinite
1601:
1581:
1573:wollastonite
1552:
1540:
1514:
1481:greenschists
1438:
1362:
1352:
1348:
1305:
1240:
1209:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:Arizona ruby
1188:
1184:
1176:
1169:Macon County
1166:
1155:Tertiary age
1122:
1120:
1063:
1053:
966:
946:
930:
859:dodecahedral
838:
818:
790:
784:
779:Garnets are
778:
762:
759:
728:
720:
716:
712:
708:
701:
697:
689:
687:
601:
551:
550:
390:fluorescence
132:
126:
110:Nesosilicate
73:January 2024
70:
54:
52:lead section
7610:Art jewelry
7434:Tiger's eye
7339:Labradorite
7289:Chrysocolla
7284:Chrysoberyl
7200:Mokume-gane
7177:Base metals
6949:centrifugal
6918:Silversmith
6793:Ferronnière
6743:Belt buckle
6738:Belly chain
6586:Ophicalcite
6467:Colorless,
6430:Chrysoprase
6341:Spessartine
6306:– Verdelite
6198:Alexandrite
5651:. idaho.gov
5403:: 106–116.
4776:: 454–471.
4727:colophonite
4723:Colophonite
4108:pomegranate
3907:Collections
3881:Connecticut
3832:Rock garnet
3751:Connecticut
3728:South India
3720:Winfarthing
3696:Anglo-Saxon
3658:Pendant in
3637:Anglo-Saxon
3586:serpentines
3582:kimberlites
3578:peridotites
3415:YIG spheres
3391:tetrahedral
3103:Spessartine
3056:Schorlomite
2976:Morimotoite
2808:Knorringite
2359:Point group
2288:08 Vanadate
2243:08 Vanadate
2198:08 Arsenate
2014:Point group
1955:kimberlites
1929:Knorringite
1858:Knorringite
1794:Hibschite:
1686:Kimzeyite:
1655:Calcium in
1644:Count Uvaro
1565:vesuvianite
1541:grossularia
1465:colophonite
1355:alexandrite
1229:Spessartine
1219:peridotites
1158:lamprophyre
1147:kimberlites
1017:Spessartine
855:tetrahedral
725:pomegranate
616:spessartine
458:Spessartine
387:Ultraviolet
377:Pleochroism
321:Diaphaneity
232:Space group
18:Star garnet
7688:Categories
7444:Tourmaline
7389:Prasiolite
7264:Aventurine
7135:Crown gold
7037:Draw plate
6986:Metal clay
6923:Watchmaker
6913:Lapidarist
6898:Clockmaker
6773:Collar pin
6768:Chatelaine
6590:Serpentine
6578:Aventurine
6552:Listwanite
6343:(malaya),
6310:Indicolite
6304:Tourmaline
6277:(Imperial)
6269:Aquamarine
5948:2022-04-06
5927:2009-11-12
5902:2009-11-12
5877:2009-11-12
5856:2022-02-25
5808:2014-06-16
5783:2014-11-06
5727:2024-08-08
5702:071344407X
5589:2021-11-16
5377:2020-03-19
5242:2016-04-29
5195:2023-07-17
5008:S. Geller
4994:7 December
4881:7 December
4665:2022-10-13
4616:Nesse 2000
4583:. 1042-G.
4512:Nesse 2000
4462:7 December
4319:2007-01-12
4253:7 December
4094:047157452X
3966:References
3875:Garnet is
3853:birthstone
3808:Australian
3783:water jets
3755:New York's
3743:birthstone
3732:Tamraparni
3700:Sutton Hoo
3568:including
3462:rare-earth
3423:resonators
3389:and three
3387:octahedral
3340:gadolinium
3237:Mindat.org
2984:(FeTi)(SiO
2868:tetragonal
2858:(FeSi)(SiO
2714:Kerimasite
2691:(x= 1.5–3)
2604:tetragonal
2494:Goldmanite
2341:: 09.AD.25
2292:Schäferite
2202:Berzeliite
2149:Yafsoanite
2075:(SnSb)(FeO
1998:IMA/CNMNC
1970:Formula: X
1890:(FeSi)(SiO
1663:Goldmanite
1624:peridotite
1561:limestones
1537:gooseberry
1308:Madagascar
1111:andalusite
1103:staurolite
1072:Asia Minor
933:Mohs scale
883:conchoidal
851:octahedral
837:) and the
748:Properties
589:Bronze Age
288:Mohs scale
272:Indistinct
151:IMA symbol
7590:Toadstone
7527:Operculum
7454:Variscite
7449:Turquoise
7429:Tanzanite
7364:Moonstone
7359:Marcasite
7354:Malachite
7279:Carnelian
7254:Amazonite
7241:gemstones
7215:Pinchbeck
7160:Argentium
7150:Shibuichi
7091:Palladium
7070:Materials
7006:Soldering
6996:Polishing
6971:Engraving
6966:Enameling
6932:Processes
6903:Goldsmith
6838:Tie chain
6813:Neck ring
6803:Lapel pin
6712:Jewellery
6581:quartzite
6533:(Porouse
6531:Cacholong
6493:feldspars
6463:Rhodonite
6458:Amazonite
6445:2nd order
6415:Malachite
6392:1st order
6369:Turquoise
6349:Almandine
6345:Rhodolite
6296:4th order
6256:3rd order
6246:Tanzanite
6231:Tsavorite
6226:Demantoid
6213:2nd order
6169:1st order
6143:Gemstones
6002:Geosphere
5472:0012-821X
5425:0009-2541
5154:1469-493X
4834:129908263
4015:235729616
3897:grossular
3885:almandine
3861:Capricorn
3816:Tuticorin
3736:Sri Lanka
3734:(ancient
3708:old world
3704:Black Sea
3702:, to the
3692:cloisonné
3684:barbarian
3667:Gemstones
3660:uvarovite
3507:sensors.
3427:microwave
3332:neodymium
3324:synthetic
3282:germanium
3214:isometric
3192:Uvarovite
3172:isometric
3125:isometric
3083:isometric
3036:isometric
2994:isometric
2956:isometric
2914:isometric
2830:isometric
2788:isometric
2761:Kimzeyite
2741:isometric
2694:isometric
2647:isometric
2620:Hibschite
2558:isometric
2536:Grossular
2516:isometric
2474:isometric
2452:Calderite
2432:isometric
2410:Andradite
2390:isometric
2368:Almandine
2314:isometric
2269:isometric
2224:isometric
2171:isometric
2126:isometric
2085:isometric
2044:isometric
1951:endmember
1902:Calderite
1820:Katoite:
1671:(V,Al,Fe)
1598:Uvarovite
1577:wernerite
1555:from the
1553:hessonite
1533:botanical
1509:tsavorite
1487:Grossular
1459:(green),
1457:demantoid
1435:Andradite
1413:Uvarovite
1392:Grossular
1371:Andradite
1286:rhyolites
1278:phyllites
1274:pegmatite
1223:eclogites
1203:from the
1185:Cape ruby
1181:misnomers
1177:rhodolite
1064:Almandine
1056:carbuncle
1042:Almandine
975:Almandine
937:almandine
737:Navaratna
709:granatus,
688:The word
684:Etymology
636:andradite
632:uvarovite
628:tsavorite
624:hessonite
620:grossular
612:almandine
597:abrasives
593:gemstones
527:Uvarovite
504:Grossular
481:Andradite
435:Almandine
361:1.72–1.94
201:¯
166:Isometric
57:summarize
7658:Gemology
7632:Fineness
7623:(purity)
7558:Bog-wood
7505:Precious
7485:Ammolite
7424:Sunstone
7414:Sodalite
7409:Sapphire
7369:Obsidian
7309:Fluorite
7299:Diopside
7259:Amethyst
7239:Mineral
7230:Tungsten
7225:Titanium
7140:Electrum
7096:Platinum
6981:Kazaziye
6976:Filigree
6954:lost-wax
6853:Toe ring
6843:Tie clip
6818:Pectoral
6808:Necklace
6783:Cufflink
6758:Bracelet
6753:Bolo tie
6733:Barrette
6600:Pagodite
6568:Fluorite
6563:Selenite
6547:Obsidian
6481:Hematite
6435:Charoite
6410:Nephrite
6400:Lazurite
6358:Amethyst
6320:Heliodor
5718:"Garnet"
5629:Archived
5606:Archived
5292:24150356
5172:28570745
5115:15354712
5088:31557815
4951:: 1–25.
4872:Archived
4754:24077869
4710:95448333
4422:Archived
4270:Elements
4244:Archived
4181:Elements
4154:33190408
3938:See also
3857:Aquarius
3775:abrasive
3682:of the "
3621:chlorite
3594:isograds
3435:(LuAG),
3399:magnetic
3369:(YIG), Y
3306:(YAG), Y
3294:vanadium
3290:aluminum
3145:Toturite
2934:Momoiite
2873:or 4/mmm
2850:Majorite
2116:SbZr(FeO
2104:04 Oxide
2063:04 Oxide
2034:SnSb(AlO
2022:04 Oxide
1959:diamonds
1882:Majorite
1721:TiFe(SiO
1620:chromite
1588:Tanzania
1569:diopside
1461:melanite
1336:vanadium
1324:Tanzania
1290:Colorado
1259:Spessart
1151:Colorado
1127:silicate
1068:Alabanda
927:Hardness
879:cleavage
849:) in an
769:vitreous
719:or even
394:variable
291:hardness
278:Fracture
268:Cleavage
262:or cubic
106:Category
7653:Fashion
7627:Finding
7475:Abalone
7384:Peridot
7349:Larimar
7334:Kyanite
7319:Howlite
7304:Emerald
7294:Diamond
7167:Tumbaga
7145:Shakudō
7101:Rhodium
7052:Mandrel
6991:Plating
6944:Casting
6939:Carving
6848:Tie pin
6823:Pendant
6798:Genital
6788:Earring
6618:Related
6594:Calcite
6540:Marble
6521:granite
6518:Graphic
6485:Common
6405:Jadeite
6363:Citrine
6337:Garnets
6332:Peridot
6281:Elbaite
6273:Orange
6188:Emerald
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5552:18 June
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