2356:
2343:
440:
197:
177:, and the potential (when grown at higher altitudes) to produce a beverage of very good quality. It was also found to be effectively propagated in a seed garden. Starmaya is the first F1 hybrid coffee tree effectively propagated by seed garden, proving a cheaper and easier method of F1 hybrid propagation than the more expensive and technically difficult SE method.
463:
Not only is the process of somatic embryogenesis expensive for breeders, but the resultant plant stock is more expensive for producers (breeders pass on the cost). The added cost can be US$ 0.50 - $ 0.60 per tree which could mean $ 2,500 - $ 3,000 per hectare in extra costs to use F1 hybrids produced
420:
The seed garden was set up using CIR-SM01 as the male-sterile parent, or pollen receiver and
Marsellesa as the intended pollen donor at a rate of 1:4 (receiver:donor). The planting density of the plot was 2 meters between rows and 1.5 meters between plants within the same row. This density allows for
375:
with four different dwarf-type cultivars (Caturra red, Catuai 44, IAPAR59, and
Marsellesa) used as pollen donors to test the possibility of producing F1 hybrid seeds. The researchers found that the cross between CIR-SM01 and Marsellesa (a variety also developed by CIRAD), which was eventually named
424:
Seeds derived from the seed garden were successfully cultivated as F1 Hybrids, demonstrating that a seed garden is capable of producing F1 hybrids of this form at roughly half the cost of somatic embryogenesis. It is estimated that a seed garden could effectively produce a half-million F1 hybrid
411:
One of the parent plants used in the study, Marsellesa, was observed in the field to be 1% susceptible to rust and the
Starmaya plant was observed to be 8% susceptible. The researchers believe that Starmaya's resistance can be improved by first increasing the genetic fixedness (predictability of
359:
called CIR-SM01 that did not produce any pollen (male-sterile). Male-sterile plants can be used as mother plants in breeding programs because breeders do not have to remove the male parts of the flower. Researchers verified the stability of the mutation causing male-sterility by cloning CIR-SM01
208:
plant, which means it can self-pollinate and thus breed with itself. For breeders, this presents a challenge when trying to control pollination. To overcome this challenge, breeders must castrate each flower by hand (there can be dozens of flowers per branch of a coffee tree). After collecting
407:
is the most economically important diseases of coffee, worldwide. The most effective and durable strategy against CLR is the use of resistant cultivars. And while
Starmaya was a proof of concept for mass production of F1 hybrid seeds, the researchers also evaluated its ability to resist rust
1170:
Georget, Frédéric; Alpizar, Edgardo; Courtel, Philippe; Hidalgo, Martin; Dechamp, Eviline; Poncon, C; Etienne, H; Bertrand, B. "Development of a Male
Sterility Based Reproductive System to Ensure a Cost Effective and Massive Propagation of New Outstanding F1 Arabica Hybrids by Seed":
352:
54:
213:). Plant breeding techniques that overcome this difficulty will help democratize the production and use of more specialized, purpose-developed cultivars and varieties by making the breeding process less technically difficult and less costly.
510:
Georget, Frédéric; Marie, Lison; Alpizar, Edgardo; Courtel, Philippe; Bordeaux, Mélanie; Hidalgo, Jose Martin; Marraccini, Pierre; Breitler, Jean-christophe; Déchamp, Eveline; Poncon, Clément; Etienne, Hervé; Bertrand, Benoit (2019-10-22).
216:
Breeding self-pollinating plants by leveraging male-sterile parents is routinely done in other cash crops to produce F1 hybrids. However, Starmaya represents the first known use of male-sterility in producing F1 hybrids of coffee trees.
896:
Boudrot, Audrey; Pico, Jimmy; Merle, Isabelle; Granados, Eduardo; VĂlchez, Sergio; Tixier, Philippe; Filho, ElĂas de Melo
Virginio; Casanoves, Fernando; Tapia, Ana; Allinne, Clémentine; Rice, Robert A.; Avelino, Jacques (June 2016).
224:), care must still be taken to avoid pollination from nearby trees that are not part of the program. The design and ultimate setup of the seed garden can help reduce alien pollination through the use of isolation distances, insect (
1083:
Talhinhas, Pedro; Batista, Dora; Diniz, InĂŞs; Vieira, Ana; Silva, Diogo N.; Loureiro, Andreia; Tavares, SĂlvia; Pereira, Ana Paula; Azinheira, Helena G.; Guerra-GuimarĂŁes, Leonor; Várzea, VĂtor; Silva, Maria do CĂ©u (October 2017).
1015:
Talhinhas, Pedro; Batista, Dora; Diniz, InĂŞs; Vieira, Ana; Silva, Diogo N.; Loureiro, Andreia; Tavares, SĂlvia; Pereira, Ana Paula; Azinheira, Helena G.; Guerra-GuimarĂŁes, Leonor; Várzea, VĂtor; Silva, Maria do CĂ©u (October 2017).
392:. This process evaluates a coffee on several different sensory descriptors including fragrance, flavor, aftertaste, acidity, body, balance, etc., rating each on a scale of 0–100. Any coffee rated 80 or above is considered
412:
trait inheritance by progeny, i.e., a "fixed-line") of
Marsellesa. The high levels of rust incidence in Starmaya for this study were also partially attributed to alien pollination during the initial breeding trial.
2908:
185:
166:(SE). It was propagated from a parent plant that is male-sterile. This facilitates controlled pollination because breeders do not have to manually castrate each individual flower of the
368:, meaning both parents must have the trait in order for it to be expressed in offspring (this means that Starmaya is not a male-sterile plant, even though one of its parent plants is).
220:
Male-sterile parents for breeding is a central aspect to utilizing seed gardens for propagating F1 hybrids of self-pollinating species. However, when breeding occurs in the field (
2106:
428:
The democratization of use of F1 hybrids becomes more realistic with the reduced cost and technical difficulties of using a seed garden to propagate F1 hybrids.
623:
2306:
396:. In the study, Starmaya received an overall rating of 82.5 compared to 83.13 for the parent plant Marsellesa and 82.9 for a control plant Caturra red.
2764:
946:
Pereira, Dyanna R; Nadaleti, Denis HS; Rodrigues, Eduardo C; Silva, Ackson D; Malta, Marcelo R; Carvalho, Samuel P; Carvalho, Gladyston R (May 2021).
2076:
2891:
1360:
1086:"The coffee leaf rust pathogen Hemileia vastatrix: one and a half centuries around the tropics: Coffee leaf rust caused by Hemileia vastatrix"
2713:
1203:
Bertrand, B.; Alpizar, E.; Lara, L.; SantaCreo, R.; Hidalgo, M.; Quijano, J. M.; Montagnon, C.; Georget, F.; Etienne, H. (September 2011).
1143:
2816:
1205:"Performance of Coffea arabica F1 hybrids in agroforestry and full-sun cropping systems in comparison with American pure line cultivars"
2255:
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specific pollen from pollen-donor trees, breeders manually pollinate the castrated flowers by brushing pollen onto the female parts (
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2843:
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948:"Genetic and chemical control of coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk et Br.): impacts on coffee (Coffea arabica L.) quality"
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2747:
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719:"Genetic Diversity of Arabica Coffee ( Coffea arabica L.) in Nicaragua as Estimated by Simple Sequence Repeat Markers"
376:
Starmaya yielded 30% more green beans than the parent
Marsellesa, with good beverage quality and also resistance to
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Beverage quality in the specialty coffee industry is determined by a protocol generally called
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849:"Arabica coffee: Starmaya, a hybrid variety available in seed form for the first time - CIRAD"
797:
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740:
600:"Arabica coffee: Starmaya, a hybrid variety available in seed form for the first time - CIRAD"
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815:
McCormack, Jeff (2004). "Isolation
Distances for Seed Crops: Principles and Practices": 21.
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4,000 trees per hectare. This configuration established efficient, natural pollination.
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1144:"Breeding Management System | Integrated Breeding Platform | Plant Breeding Software"
995:
624:"CIRAD Says Potentially Revolutionary F1 Arabica Hybrid Starmaya is Now in Seed Form"
444:
513:"Starmaya: The First Arabica F1 Coffee Hybrid Produced Using Genetic male-sterility"
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1022: : one and a half centuries around the tropics: Coffee leaf rust caused by
173:
The
Starmaya tree was found to have a high fruit yield potential, resistance to
915:
898:
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744:
717:
Geleta, Mulatu; Herrera, Isabel; MonzĂłn, Arnulfo; Bryngelsson, Tomas (2012).
693:
674:"Seed Money: coffee plant hybrids to reap big returns for farmers – Ecom SMS"
538:
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2149:
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2014:
1979:
1809:
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There can be dozens of individual flowers on each branch of the coffee tree.
196:
156:
1129:
1069:
987:
932:
899:"Shade Effects on the Dispersal of Airborne Hemileia vastatrix Uredospores"
801:
762:
556:
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778:"male-sterility in plants: occurrence, determinism, significance and use"
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353:
French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development
186:
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants
2239:
2376:
1256:
650:"Starmaya: Could This F1 Hybrid Be The Ideal Coffee Variety?"
1252:
240:
782:
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série III
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World Coffee Research: Varieties Catalog — Starmaya
162:that can be propagated by seed rather than through
135:
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85:
77:
72:
60:
50:
40:
26:
21:
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776:Budar, Françoise; Pelletier, Georges (June 2001).
355:(CIRAD) noticed a tall-growing natural mutant of
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16:First F1 Hybrid coffee tree propagated by seeds
952:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
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8:
593:
591:
364:. They also verified that the mutation is a
2480:Smart breeding (Marker-assisted selection)
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18:
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1119:
1101:
1059:
1041:
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734:
546:
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2307:Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment
351:In 2001, a team of researchers from the
180:Starmaya coffee is being registered for
2077:Coffee ceremony of Ethiopia and Eritrea
648:Alej; Hern, ra Muñoz; ez (2017-10-23).
477:
456:
1361:List of countries by coffee production
1185:
1174:
829:
818:
69:
694:"Arabica Coffee Varieties | Starmaya"
7:
2909:Selection methods in plant breeding
628:Daily Coffee News by Roast Magazine
2256:United States Barista Championship
192:Coffee breeding and male-sterility
14:
698:varieties.worldcoffeeresearch.org
2355:
2354:
2341:
873:"Protocols & Best Practices"
571:"Starmaya—the future of coffee?"
438:
1018:"The coffee leaf rust pathogen
425:seeds per hectare, per year.
1:
1707:Single-serve coffee container
794:10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01324-5
145:WCR Variety Catalog: Starmaya
877:Specialty Coffee Association
723:The Scientific World Journal
182:intellectual property rights
331:
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
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275:
267:
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251:
3067:
2261:World Barista Championship
1687:Neapolitan flip coffee pot
916:10.1094/PHYTO-02-15-0058-R
517:Frontiers in Plant Science
128:Coffee Berry Disease (CBD)
73:Coffee Variety Information
2867:Marker-assisted selection
2455:Marker-assisted selection
2414:
2335:
1222:10.1007/s10681-011-0372-7
1090:Molecular Plant Pathology
1030:Molecular Plant Pathology
338:
243:
143:
1313:International Coffee Day
244:Starmaya Cupping Scores
2107:Historical coffeehouses
575:worldcoffeeresearch.org
530:10.3389/fpls.2019.01344
237:Development of Starmaya
184:protection through the
2949:Outbreeding depression
2317:Coffee vending machine
1541:Furan-2-ylmethanethiol
1184:Cite journal requires
828:Cite journal requires
201:
2954:Inbreeding depression
2470:Preservation breeding
2122:Viennese coffee house
1653:Karlsbad coffee maker
362:somatic embryogenesis
344:Georget et al. — 2019
199:
164:somatic embryogenesis
46:CIR-SM01 x Marsellesa
2282:Coffee and doughnuts
1885:Indian filter coffee
1318:Single-origin coffee
2641:Designer crossbreed
2322:Used coffee grounds
964:2021JSFA..101.2836P
736:10.1100/2012/939820
654:Perfect Daily Grind
3046:Lists of cultivars
2475:Selective breeding
2424:Lists of cultivars
2327:Sustainable coffee
2024:Organization lists
1985:RĂĽdesheimer Kaffee
1765:Café com cheirinho
1354:Sustainable coffee
1349:Shade-grown coffee
1024:Hemileia vastatrix
1020:Hemileia vastatrix
972:10.1002/jsfa.10914
371:CIR-SM01 was then
321:General impression
202:
3051:Coffee production
3028:
3027:
2872:Natural selection
2853:Selection methods
2460:Mutation breeding
2370:
2369:
2348:Coffee portal
2266:World Brewers Cup
1890:Ipoh white coffee
1371:Coffee wastewater
1339:Coffee production
1323:Third-wave coffee
1103:10.1111/mpp.12512
1043:10.1111/mpp.12512
445:Coffee portal
349:
348:
150:
149:
102:Quality Potential
68:
67:
3058:
3041:Coffee varieties
2636:Captive breeding
2631:Breeding program
2611:Backyard breeder
2397:
2390:
2383:
2374:
2361:Category: Coffee
2358:
2357:
2346:
2345:
2297:Coffee leaf rust
2170:Dandelion coffee
2036:Coffee companies
1875:Gassosa al caffè
1643:Espresso machine
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1096:(8): 1039–1051.
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1036:(8): 1039–1051.
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958:(7): 2836–2845.
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405:Coffee leaf rust
394:specialty coffee
378:coffee leaf rust
241:
228:) control, etc.
175:coffee leaf rust
119:Coffee Leaf Rust
70:
42:Hybrid parentage
19:
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2959:Recessive trait
2897:selective sweep
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2848:
2651:Plant cultivars
2645:
2494:
2428:
2419:Lists of breeds
2410:
2401:
2371:
2366:
2340:
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2199:Serving vessels
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2126:
2045:
2019:
1925:Latte macchiato
1795:Caffè macchiato
1711:
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1366:Coffee roasting
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400:Rust resistance
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366:recessive trait
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110:Yield Potential
22:Starmaya coffee
17:
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11:
5:
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3005:Heirloom plant
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2062:Bikini barista
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2010:Wiener Melange
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1995:Turkish coffee
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1815:Coffee cabinet
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1785:Caffè corretto
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1242:External links
1240:
1237:
1236:
1215:(2): 147–158.
1195:
1186:|journal=
1159:
1135:
1075:
1007:
938:
909:(6): 572–580.
903:Phytopathology
888:
864:
839:
830:|journal=
807:
788:(6): 543–550.
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577:. 8 March 2017
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357:Coffea arabica
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34:Coffea arabica
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2626:Breeding pair
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2160:Cereal coffee
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2097:Coffee palace
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2067:Caffè sospeso
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2005:White Russian
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1750:Black Russian
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1735:Beaten coffee
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1579:Brewed coffee
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1569:Arabic coffee
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1416:Blue Mountain
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204:Coffee is an
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25:
20:
2855:and genetics
2829:Sweet potato
2780:
2773:
2765:
2748:
2736:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2440:Backcrossing
2353:
2339:
2249:Competitions
2235:Tasse à café
2072:Coffee break
2041:Coffeehouses
2031:Bakery cafés
2000:White coffee
1990:Tenom coffee
1895:Irish coffee
1775:Café de olla
1760:Café au lait
1702:Vacuum maker
1670:Coffee syrup
1660:French press
1526:Caffeic acid
1495:
1488:
1474:
1469:Charrieriana
1467:
1403:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1177:cite journal
1151:. Retrieved
1147:
1138:
1093:
1089:
1078:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1010:
999:. Retrieved
955:
951:
941:
906:
902:
891:
880:. Retrieved
876:
867:
856:. Retrieved
853:www.cirad.fr
852:
842:
821:cite journal
810:
785:
781:
771:
726:
722:
712:
701:. Retrieved
697:
688:
677:. Retrieved
668:
657:. Retrieved
653:
643:
632:. Retrieved
630:. 2019-12-20
627:
618:
607:. Retrieved
604:www.cirad.fr
603:
579:. Retrieved
574:
565:
520:
516:
459:
427:
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179:
172:
152:
151:
32:
2964:Sex linkage
2929:Codominance
2902:stabilizing
2882:directional
2768:(daffodils)
2682:Callistemon
2465:Outcrossing
2302:Coffee wars
2132:Substitutes
2102:Coffeehouse
1915:Kopi tubruk
1880:Iced coffee
1860:Frappuccino
1830:Café Cubano
1820:Coffee milk
1800:Caffè mocha
1790:Caffè crema
1648:French drip
1616:Drip coffee
1599:Coffeemaker
1556:Preparation
1536:Coffee bean
1441:Maracaturra
416:Seed Garden
408:infection.
384:Cup quality
329:Final score
160:coffee tree
3035:Categories
3015:Rare breed
2887:disruptive
2824:Strawberry
2555:Guinea pig
2450:Inbreeding
2445:Crossbreed
2287:Coffee bag
2206:Coffee cup
2145:Barley tea
1970:Raf coffee
1950:Marocchino
1940:Long black
1910:Kopi luwak
1850:Flat white
1840:Egg coffee
1805:Cappuccino
1780:Café Touba
1692:Percolator
1594:Chorreador
1514:Components
1446:Maragogipe
1332:Production
1303:Fair trade
1153:2021-04-16
1001:2021-05-01
882:2021-04-16
858:2021-04-16
729:: 939820.
703:2021-05-02
679:2021-04-22
659:2021-04-14
634:2021-04-14
609:2021-04-14
581:2021-04-14
472:References
289:Uniformity
265:Aftertaste
226:pollinator
211:the pistil
206:autogamous
168:autogamous
2969:F1 hybrid
2944:Heterosis
2934:Epistasis
2924:Dominance
2919:Phenotype
2877:balancing
2834:Sweetcorn
2817:cultivars
2781:Nepenthes
2766:Narcissus
2749:Grevillea
2709:Cherimoya
2408:cultivars
2223:Demitasse
2150:Barleycup
2117:Latte art
2112:Kopi tiam
2082:CoffeeCon
2050:Lifestyle
2015:Yuenyeung
1980:Ristretto
1810:Carajillo
1730:Americano
1636:ristretto
1604:Cold brew
1564:AeroPress
1421:Bonifieur
1396:varieties
1298:Economics
1231:0014-2336
1209:Euphytica
1148:bmspro.io
1112:1464-6722
1052:1464-6722
996:226234213
980:0022-5142
925:0031-949X
745:1537-744X
539:1664-462X
313:Sweetness
297:Clean cup
157:F1 hybrid
136:Nematodes
123:Resistant
105:Very Good
94:Bean Size
64:Nicaragua
3010:Landrace
3000:Germline
2995:Eugenics
2939:Dwarfing
2914:Genotype
2892:negative
2812:breeders
2731:Cucumber
2703:Capsicum
2696:Cannabis
2664:Japanese
2582:breeding
2565:breeding
2528:breeding
2490:Purebred
2180:Maya nut
1955:Mazagran
1845:Espresso
1725:Affogato
1682:Moka pot
1677:Knockbox
1621:Espresso
1531:Caffeine
1521:Cafestol
1490:Racemosa
1476:Liberica
1130:27885775
1070:27885775
988:33135174
933:26828230
802:11455877
763:22701376
557:31695719
523:: 1344.
464:with SE.
432:See also
340:Source:
188:(UPOV).
153:Starmaya
2990:Breeder
2862:Culling
2774:Nemesia
2737:Gazania
2719:hybrids
2518:Chicken
2433:Methods
2165:Chicory
2057:Barista
1975:Red eye
1960:Moretta
1825:Cortado
1745:Bicerin
1546:Kahweol
1497:Robusta
1451:Molokai
1426:Bourbon
1411:Benguet
1405:Arabica
1391:Species
1308:History
1121:6638270
1061:6638270
960:Bibcode
847:Cirad.
754:3373144
598:Cirad.
548:6818232
390:cupping
373:crossed
305:Balance
273:Acidity
232:History
222:in situ
139:Unknown
131:Unknown
78:Stature
51:Breeder
28:Species
2839:Tomato
2787:Olives
2726:Coffee
2714:Citrus
2671:Banana
2599:Turkey
2589:Rabbit
2577:Pigeon
2535:Donkey
2513:Cattle
2485:Hybrid
2404:Breeds
2359:
2211:sleeve
2185:Postum
1965:Oliang
1870:Garoto
1626:doppio
1584:Chemex
1574:Jebena
1482:Barako
1461:Sagada
1431:Geisha
1291:Topics
1284:Coffee
1229:
1128:
1118:
1110:
1068:
1058:
1050:
994:
986:
978:
931:
923:
800:
761:
751:
743:
555:
545:
537:
360:using
257:Flavor
155:is an
61:Origin
2978:Other
2792:Onion
2760:Mango
2743:Grape
2689:Canna
2676:Basil
2659:Apple
2594:Sheep
2560:Horse
2550:Goose
2275:Misc.
2228:spoon
2218:Cezve
2190:Qishr
1945:Lungo
1930:Latte
1900:Karsk
1865:GalĂŁo
1631:lungo
1609:nitro
1589:Cezve
992:S2CID
451:Notes
324:7.63
316:8.88
308:7.63
268:7.63
260:7.63
252:7.63
249:Aroma
97:Large
89:Green
81:Dwarf
55:CIRAD
2807:Rose
2802:Rice
2797:Pear
2545:Goat
2540:Duck
2406:and
2240:Zarf
2175:Inka
2155:Caro
1905:Kopi
1740:Bica
1503:Sulu
1456:S795
1436:Kona
1393:and
1227:ISSN
1190:help
1126:PMID
1108:ISSN
1066:PMID
1048:ISSN
984:PMID
976:ISSN
929:PMID
921:ISSN
834:help
798:PMID
759:PMID
741:ISSN
727:2012
553:PMID
535:ISSN
333:82.5
284:7.5
281:Body
276:7.5
113:High
2755:Hop
2572:Pig
2523:Dog
2508:Cat
1217:doi
1213:181
1116:PMC
1098:doi
1056:PMC
1038:doi
968:doi
956:101
911:doi
907:106
790:doi
786:324
749:PMC
731:doi
543:PMC
525:doi
300:10
292:10
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