96:. In addition, private schools had to keep pace with the drive for higher-quality facilities and smaller class sizes in the state sector, while dealing with a teacher shortage and the increasing cost of land, equipment and salaries. The Catholic school system, in particular, had to hire more lay teachers to cope with student numbers – the proportion of lay teachers in the Catholic system increased from 5 percent in 1956 to 38 percent in 1972 – and more lay teachers meant higher salary costs. Catholic parishes were struggling to meet the increasing costs while keeping tuition fees down, and ultimately many of them accrued large amounts of debt or cut costs, causing schools to be run down. By the end of the 1960s, the Catholic school system was facing a financial crisis and was on the brink of collapse.
168:
the government, having to employ registered teaching staff, and complying with the nationally set school year. State-integrated schools must follow the nationally set curriculum (The New
Zealand Curriculum / Te Matautanga o Aotearoa), but they may teach their special character within it. State-integrated schools that have a religious special character are exempt from the religious instruction restrictions of state schools, and may hold religious education classes and religious services while the school is open for instruction. At some state-integrated secondary schools, religious studies is offered as a subject contributing to the
88:, education became compulsory for all children between 7 and 13 years of age and gave all children between 5 and 15 years of age the entitlement to free and secular education in a state-run school. The secular-education requirement arose from a deadlock between secularist, Catholic, and Protestant MPs over how much and what type of religious influence (if any) should be included in state schools. Ultimately, MPs opted for the safest route by making state education secular. As a result, both Catholic and Protestant churches continued to organise and expand their own private school systems.
176:
schools, a letter from the priest of the student's or their parent's parish is required for preferential enrolment, and obtaining such a letter usually requires a certain commitment to the religion, e.g. Catholic priests usually require a minimum of the student's (or at least one of their parent's) baptism into the
Catholic faith. Schools may admit a limited number of non-preference students (usually no more than 5–10% of their total roll) after all preferential enrolments, up to the maximum school roll set in the school's integration agreement.
1559:
72:
1569:
1548:
189:, so proprietors are permitted to charge attendance dues to keep the school up to the standard of an equivalent state school and to help pay off any debt accrued by the school before it was integrated. Proprietors cannot charge attendance dues for more than the amount set for their school and published in
198:
Apart from attendance dues, state-integrated schools like other state schools are not allowed to charge fees to domestic students (i.e. New
Zealand citizens, permanent residents and temporary residents – the latter includes all Australian citizens), but commonly request voluntary donations to top-up
167:
With several major exceptions relating to their special characters and their proprietors, state-integrated schools are required to operate like their non-integrated counterparts. This includes complying with all
National Education Goals and National Administration Guidelines ("NEGs and NAGs") set by
107:
immediately sought a solution to the
Catholic school funding crisis. The government determined the state school system would not be able to cope with an influx of students if the Catholic system were to collapse, so sought a way for the state to assist them to keep them open. The idea of integrating
175:
State-integrated schools are permitted to give preference in enrolment to students who, either themselves or through their parents, identify with the school's special character. Each proprietor defines what is required for preferential enrolment. For all
Catholic schools and most other religious
135:
State-integrated schools are established through an integration agreement between the Crown and the proprietors of the private school to be integrated. Each integration agreement sets out the school's particular special character, which is usually a religious or philosophical belief. Of the 335
163:
Proprietors retain ownership of the school land and buildings, and representatives of the proprietors sit as trustees on the school's board of trustees. The main role of the proprietors is to ensure that the special character of the school is maintained and preserved, and have the authority to
83:
New
Zealand's state education system was established in 1877. Prior to then, schools were run by church groups and other private groups. From 1852 until provinces were abolished in 1876, all schools were entitled to receive some financial assistance from provincial governments. Under the
91:
After the Second World War, private religious schools had to cope with increasing rolls due to changes in the compulsory school starting and leaving ages (the school leaving age was increased to 15 in 1944; the school starting age was lowered to 6 in 1964) and the
217:, and from $ 1,150 to $ 2,300 per year for non-Catholic state-integrated schools. Requested donations at the surveyed schools varied from $ 140 to over $ 3,200. As a comparison, the largest donation requested by a non-integrated state school is $ 975 per year.
184:
State-integrated schools are allowed to charge a fee to parents of students known as "attendance dues". The Crown does not own the school land or buildings and do not fund their capital cost to maintain
116:, and after consultation, the Private Schools Conditional Integration Act was drawn up. The Act was passed by Parliament and signed into law on 10 October 1975, and came into force on 16 August 1976.
63:. They educate approximately 92,482 students, or 11.2% of New Zealand's student population, making them the second-most common type of school in New Zealand behind non-integrated state schools.
711:
109:
169:
265:
1466:
124:
1106:
1018:
127:
and St
Bernard's School, both in Wellington, in August 1979. Despite the increasing urgency, it took until 1984 to integrate every Catholic school.
469:
203:
113:
76:
49:
1054:
1417:
1059:
405:
401:
136:
state-integrated schools, 236 are
Catholic schools (i.e. Catholicism is their special character), with the local Catholic diocese or
1593:
637:
498:
1481:
60:
93:
1064:
186:
149:
1476:
823:
344:
1572:
1357:
752:
762:
665:
1084:
1000:
772:
120:
100:
209:
in
November 2011 found the attendance dues generally ranged from NZ$ 240–280 per year for Catholic schools in
560:
286:
234:
1532:
1152:
898:
191:
592:
537:
1362:
940:
893:
565:
1598:
1562:
1199:
1036:
945:
933:
630:
345:"A Brief History of the Integration of Catholic Schools in New Zealand into the State System of Schools"
214:
593:"Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975 No 129 (as at 8 July 2000) – New Zealand Legislation"
538:"Section 2: Interpretation – Education Act 1989 No 80 (as of 4 October 2013) – New Zealand Legislation"
370:
1372:
1367:
1226:
1211:
1179:
1164:
1147:
1026:
1013:
908:
767:
757:
153:
1444:
1387:
918:
913:
850:
734:
137:
59:
As of July 2022, there were 335 state-integrated schools in New Zealand, of which 236 identify as
1457:
1427:
1392:
1326:
1142:
1074:
965:
838:
813:
782:
85:
1397:
1377:
1231:
1221:
1184:
1079:
888:
860:
742:
693:
656:
312:
233:
Figures derived from the "New Zealand Schools Pivot Table 1996-2022" spreadsheet available at
157:
1507:
1439:
1422:
1382:
1336:
1282:
1267:
1245:
1216:
1091:
870:
855:
807:
678:
623:
1434:
1316:
1272:
1262:
1096:
975:
145:
53:
40:
is a former private school which has integrated into the state education system under the
609:
A Fair and Just Solution? A History of the Integration of Private Schools in New Zealand
261:
48:
while retaining its special character. State-integrated schools were established by the
1552:
1471:
1341:
1157:
1049:
1031:
1008:
903:
802:
777:
723:
1587:
1502:
1331:
1257:
1169:
970:
818:
747:
718:
706:
79:
is credited with the idea of integrating private schools into the state school system
52:
in the early 1970s as a response to the near-collapse of the country's then private
1497:
1189:
1174:
1114:
980:
828:
797:
701:
683:
210:
45:
140:
acting as proprietor. The special characters of the remaining 93 schools include
1101:
787:
141:
104:
33:
17:
1321:
928:
467:
Wade, Joanna (November 2011). "Brand Catholic: a (not so) private education".
1044:
673:
1527:
494:
71:
235:
https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/statistics/schooling/number-of-schools
1277:
923:
108:
private schools into the state system has been credited to MP (and later
1292:
1287:
883:
878:
123:, Pukekohe, in 1977. The first two Catholic schools to integrate were
792:
646:
70:
402:"Number of schools by Affiliation & Authority – 1 July 2013"
164:
address problems if the special character is being compromised.
619:
615:
371:"Primary and secondary education – Education from 1840 to 1918"
527:
Section 35, Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975
518:
Section 36, Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975
483:
Section 29, Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975
452:
Section 32, Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975
443:
Section 31, Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975
434:
Section 4, Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975
425:
Section 3, Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975
391:
Section 1, Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975
172:(NCEA), New Zealand's main secondary school qualification.
202:
A survey of 25 state-integrated secondary schools by
1520:
1490:
1453:
1406:
1350:
1309:
1244:
1198:
1131:
993:
958:
869:
837:
733:
692:
664:
654:
56:system, which had run into financial difficulties.
462:
460:
458:
199:funding from the government and attendance dues.
42:Private Schools Conditional Integration Act 1975
170:National Certificate of Educational Achievement
559:MacGregor, Rob; Jancic, Boris (29 June 2013).
103:was elected to government, and Prime Minister
631:
8:
540:. Parliamentary Counsel Office (New Zealand)
287:"Ministry of Education, "Number of Schools""
561:"'Free' school costs almost $ 1,000 a year"
1410:
1250:
1204:
1135:
843:
661:
638:
624:
616:
373:. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
255:
253:
213:to $ 740 per year for Catholic schools in
119:The first private school to integrate was
611:, Dunmore Press, Palmerston North, 2002.
266:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
350:. New Zealand Catholic Education Office
338:
336:
334:
332:
330:
249:
226:
315:. Ministry of Education (New Zealand)
7:
1568:
1418:Ancient higher-learning institutions
406:Ministry of Education (New Zealand)
343:Lynch, Patrick J. (24 July 2012).
25:
499:Villa Maria College, Christchurch
369:Swarbrick, Nancy (13 July 2012).
313:"School rolls | Education Counts"
262:"Private schools, 1820s to 1990s"
1567:
1558:
1557:
1546:
595:. Parliamentary Counsel Office
187:separation of church and state
1:
27:Type of school in New Zealand
824:University technical college
260:Cook, Megan (13 July 2012).
150:non-denominational Christian
1615:
753:College-preparatory school
1541:
1413:
1253:
1207:
1138:
846:
763:Comprehensive high school
1594:Education in New Zealand
1120:State-integrated school
994:By funding / eligibility
773:Continuation high school
125:Cardinal McKeefry School
1533:Educational institution
1153:Anarchistic free school
899:Institute of technology
291:educationcounts.govt.nz
192:The New Zealand Gazette
50:Third Labour Government
38:state-integrated school
1363:Compensatory education
1115:State or public school
941:Upper division college
566:The New Zealand Herald
99:In November 1972, the
80:
1019:Comprehensive school
946:Vocational university
75:The Right Honourable
74:
1482:in the United States
1373:Continuing education
1368:Compulsory education
1212:Free school movement
1180:Single-sex education
1165:International school
1148:Democratic education
1027:For-profit education
1014:Community day school
909:Liberal arts college
768:Comprehensive school
758:Collegiate institute
495:"Enrolment Criteria"
110:Speaker of the House
1491:Informal or illegal
1445:Medieval university
1388:Inclusive education
1358:College preparatory
919:Residential college
914:Research university
851:Professional school
726:/ Elementary school
293:(Excel pivot table)
138:religious institute
1553:Schools portal
1458:indigenous peoples
1455:Schools imposed on
1393:Remedial education
1327:Distance education
1143:Alternative school
1132:By style / purpose
1107:Specialist school
966:All-through school
814:Sixth form college
94:post-war baby boom
86:Education Act 1877
81:
1581:
1580:
1516:
1515:
1398:Special education
1378:Further education
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1240:
1239:
1227:Montessori school
1222:Laboratory school
1185:Specialist school
1123:
1110:
1055:UK private school
1040:
1022:
1004:
989:
988:
954:
953:
889:Community college
861:Vocational school
743:Adult high school
657:educational stage
470:North & South
205:North & South
158:Waldorf (Steiner)
16:(Redirected from
1606:
1571:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1440:Cathedral school
1423:Platonic Academy
1411:
1383:Gifted education
1337:Prison education
1283:Parochial school
1268:Christian school
1251:
1217:Folk high school
1205:
1136:
1121:
1109:(United Kingdom)
1108:
1092:Selective school
1038:
1020:
1002:
856:Technical school
844:
808:Secondary school
712:Global influence
679:Pre-kindergarten
662:
640:
633:
626:
617:
604:
602:
600:
578:
577:
575:
573:
556:
550:
549:
547:
545:
534:
528:
525:
519:
516:
510:
509:
507:
505:
490:
484:
481:
475:
474:
464:
453:
450:
444:
441:
435:
432:
426:
423:
417:
416:
414:
412:
398:
392:
389:
383:
382:
380:
378:
366:
360:
359:
357:
355:
349:
340:
325:
324:
322:
320:
309:
303:
302:
300:
298:
283:
277:
276:
274:
272:
257:
237:
231:
21:
18:State-integrated
1614:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1512:
1486:
1477:in South Africa
1460:
1456:
1449:
1435:Monastic school
1402:
1346:
1317:Boarding school
1297:
1273:Female seminary
1263:Catholic school
1236:
1194:
1127:
1097:Separate school
985:
976:One-room school
950:
894:Graduate school
865:
833:
729:
688:
666:Early childhood
650:
644:
614:
607:Rory Sweetman,
598:
596:
591:
587:
585:Further reading
582:
581:
571:
569:
558:
557:
553:
543:
541:
536:
535:
531:
526:
522:
517:
513:
503:
501:
493:
491:
487:
482:
478:
466:
465:
456:
451:
447:
442:
438:
433:
429:
424:
420:
410:
408:
400:
399:
395:
390:
386:
376:
374:
368:
367:
363:
353:
351:
347:
342:
341:
328:
318:
316:
311:
310:
306:
296:
294:
285:
284:
280:
270:
268:
259:
258:
251:
246:
241:
240:
232:
228:
223:
182:
133:
69:
54:Catholic school
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1612:
1610:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1565:
1555:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1521:Related topics
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1508:in South Tyrol
1505:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1472:in New Zealand
1469:
1463:
1461:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1342:Virtual school
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1232:Waldorf school
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1158:Sudbury school
1155:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1117:
1112:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1052:
1050:Private school
1047:
1042:
1034:
1032:Free education
1029:
1024:
1016:
1011:
1009:Charter school
1006:
997:
995:
991:
990:
987:
986:
984:
983:
978:
973:
968:
962:
960:
956:
955:
952:
951:
949:
948:
943:
938:
937:
936:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
904:Junior college
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
875:
873:
867:
866:
864:
863:
858:
853:
847:
841:
835:
834:
832:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
805:
803:Minor seminary
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
778:Grammar school
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
739:
737:
731:
730:
728:
727:
724:Primary school
721:
716:
715:
714:
704:
698:
696:
690:
689:
687:
686:
681:
676:
670:
668:
659:
652:
651:
645:
643:
642:
635:
628:
620:
613:
612:
605:
588:
586:
583:
580:
579:
551:
529:
520:
511:
485:
476:
454:
445:
436:
427:
418:
393:
384:
361:
326:
304:
278:
248:
247:
245:
242:
239:
238:
225:
224:
222:
219:
181:
178:
132:
129:
121:Wesley College
68:
65:
61:Roman Catholic
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1611:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1574:
1566:
1564:
1556:
1554:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1332:Homeschooling
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1258:Bible college
1256:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:Magnet school
1168:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1122:(New Zealand)
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1085:international
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
992:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
971:Middle school
969:
967:
964:
963:
961:
957:
947:
944:
942:
939:
935:
932:
931:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
874:
872:
868:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
845:
842:
840:
836:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
819:Studio school
817:
815:
812:
810:/ High school
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
748:Cadet college
746:
744:
741:
740:
738:
736:
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1599:School types
1190:Vocal school
1175:Music school
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1037:Free school
981:Ranch school
829:Upper school
798:Maths school
702:First school
684:Kindergarten
608:
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101:Labour Party
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1310:By location
1200:Progressive
1102:Sink school
1071:University
1060:preparatory
788:Hauptschule
297:6 September
105:Norman Kirk
34:New Zealand
1588:Categories
1498:in Ireland
1407:Historical
1322:Day school
934:Collegiate
929:University
599:30 October
572:5 November
544:4 November
504:4 November
411:9 November
377:31 October
354:31 October
271:30 October
244:References
154:Montessori
1503:in Greece
1467:in Canada
1246:Religious
1045:Institute
1039:(England)
1021:(British)
1003:(England)
783:Gymnasium
735:Secondary
674:Preschool
319:2 October
1563:Category
1351:By scope
1278:Gurukula
1001:Academy
959:Combined
924:Seminary
839:Tertiary
473:: 40–50.
215:Hamilton
207:magazine
142:Anglican
131:Features
1573:Commons
1293:Yeshiva
1288:Madrasa
1075:private
884:College
879:Academy
694:Primary
67:History
1428:Lyceum
1080:public
1065:public
871:Higher
793:Lyceum
647:School
649:types
348:(PDF)
221:Notes
1528:K–12
601:2013
574:2013
546:2013
506:2013
413:2013
379:2013
356:2013
321:2023
299:2017
273:2013
180:Fees
156:and
36:, a
655:By
32:In
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639:e
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