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are reserved to the national government. In areas where both levels have concurrent powers there is a complex set of rules in the event of a conflict between national and provincial legislation. Generally in such a case the provincial legislation prevails, but national legislation may prescribe standards and frameworks for provinces to follow, and may prevent provinces from adversely affecting national interests or the interests of other provinces. The functional areas in which the provincial governments have powers include agriculture, arts and culture, primary and secondary education, the environment and tourism, health, housing, roads and transport, and social welfare.
36:
534:
describes the division of power between the national government and the provincial governments, listing those "functional areas" of government that are exclusively reserved to the provincial governments and those where both levels of government have concurrent powers; the remaining areas not listed
698:
generally being the domain of state governments (although the
Federal government often works with states in these areas). Large portions of the welfare state in the United States are administered by the states as well which means that levels of social services vary from state to state. This has
220:
has settled a number of disputes concerning the extent of the
Commonwealth's legislative powers, some of which have been controversial and extensively criticised; these included a dispute in 1982 over whether the Commonwealth was entitled to designate land for national heritage purposes under
170:, are not the subject of this article. Many people confuse the state with city governments, and while a small ticket or small crime will be overlooked by the federal government and handled by the state or city government, that are not the same.
282:. Unlike the Canadian lieutenant-governors, a state governor is appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the state government, not the federal government. Every state also has a
283:
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143:". Most federations designate their federal units "state" or the equivalent term in the local language; however, in some federations, other designations are used such as
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46:
332:, who is not only the chairman of a state government but also the representative of the federal government and responsible for the enforcement of federal legislation.
200:
power between the states and the
Commonwealth (federal) government. The Commonwealth government is given a variety of legislative powers, including control of
961:
710:. Puerto Rico is treated in a manner similar to a state in many areas but in others is quite different. Most notably it does not have representation in the
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The reference to "state" denotes country subdivisions that are officially or widely known as "states", and should not be confused with a "
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718:. However, it does enjoy more autonomy in taxation and some other areas than the states and thus is commonly classified as a sort of
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nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, making the United States a decentralized federation.
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Provinces are usually divisions of unitary states but occasionally the designation is also given to the federal units such as the
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The states are sovereign entities in their own right and maintain much control over their internal affairs with issues such as
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models of federalism is that, in
Australia, the Commonwealth Parliament has explicit constitutional power over
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although the name of the legislative body as a whole varies between the states (the most common are
452:, States are constituent political entities of which there are currently 36. States have an elected
208:(although this cannot discriminate between states or parts of states), and regulation of interstate
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and legislature and broad powers in some areas. Powers not given to the states belong to the
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when the two conflict due to a number of constitutional clauses and judicial precedents.
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in which the executive is dependent on and accountable to the legislature. The unicameral
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agreements, as well as numerous disputes over the extent of the
Commonwealth's power over
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exerce legislative authority. In 49 states out of 50 as well as three of the inhabited
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The High Court and the
Meaning of 'Marriage' in Section 51(xxi) of the Constitution
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726:, who are culturally distinct from the Americans on the mainland. There exists a
683:(the latter two being federal territories rather than states) the legislature is
558:(a cabinet), consisting of members of the legislature, to administer the various
17:
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659:(Itself sometimes a term for the lower house of a state legislature) such as in
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835:"One Hundred Years of the Conciliation and Arbitration Power: A Province Lost?"
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but its government system possesses a strong similarity to a federal one. The
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of parliamentary government; the head of government, known in each state as a
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legislation; this has been a focal point for recent controversies over
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27:
Government of a country subdivision in a federal form of government
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There are also several territories, the most notable of which is
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155:, designating greater powers to some federal units than others.
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with the houses commonly, though not exclusively being styled
29:
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which have their own elected governments. Chapter Six of the
550:, and the legislature in turn elects one of its members as
405:. The legislative structure consists of a directly-elected
216:. Since the original ratification of the constitution, the
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The provincial governments are structured according to a
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The
Provincial Governments are each headed formally by a
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similar to that of the
Federal government of Pakistan .
192:
nation with six states (and two mainland territories).
54:
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of the U.S. created the federal government. Under the
128:. A state government may have some level of political
699:
sometimes been controversial, such as in the case of
493:
but for practical purposes power is exercised by the
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and, in the case of 6 states, an indirectly-elected
258:
Parliaments of the
Australian states and territories
934:. Parliament of India. 25 January 1974. p. 25.
523:does not describe the state as federal or unitary.
393:, the executive power of a state is vested in its
843:(2000) 24(3) Melbourne University Law Review 839.
744:retaining limited reliance upon the United States
486:are the federal units. There are currently four.
397:; however, the real executive power rests with a
623:of their state's respective military structure.
728:debate as to the future status of the territory
554:to head the executive. The Premier appoints an
343:has sixteen states with their own governments.
748:full independence with no special relationship
736:maintenance of the autonomous territory status
596:, all governmental powers not granted to the
413:. The judicial setup consists of the state's
43:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
417:and the district courts subordinate to it.
278:) and performs the ceremonial duties of a
236:One difference between the Australian and
794:Section 51 of the Australian Constitution
194:Section 51 of the Australian Constitution
81:Learn how and when to remove this message
786:
598:Federal government of the United States
584:Unlike many other federal systems, the
310:, is drawn from the state parliament.
302:counterparts, Australian states have a
572:State governments of the United States
548:party-list proportional representation
511:Provincial governments of South Africa
576:The United States is divided into 50
515:South Africa is usually considered a
7:
814:A View of the External Affairs Power
716:Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico
298:) was abolished in 1922. Like their
166:. Their governments, which are also
962:Governments of country subdivisions
180:States and territories of Australia
855:, Australian Parliamentary Library
803:at the American parliament website
562:of the provincial administration.
474:Provincial Governments of Pakistan
25:
262:Premiers of the Australian states
629:Territories of the United States
604:generally takes preference over
34:
866:, Queensland Parliament website
839:Melbourne University Law Review
775:List of U.S. state legislatures
294:, where the upper chamber (the
929:The Code of Criminal Procedure
266:Each state of Australia has a
1:
526:South Africa is divided into
677:United States Virgin Islands
532:Constitution of South Africa
521:Constitution of South Africa
369:, state governments are the
328:(state parliament) elects a
57:, discuss the issue on the
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373:ruling over the country's
353:State governments of India
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833:Creighton, Breen (2000).
823:, Samuel Griffith Society
730:with proposals including
196:sets out the division of
186:Commonwealth of Australia
649:House of Representatives
637:Northern Mariana Islands
812:Barwick, Sir Garfield,
462:Constitution of Nigeria
379:eight union territories
290:parliament, except for
218:High Court of Australia
151:. Some federations are
712:United States Congress
643:), the legislature is
544:provincial legislature
168:provincial governments
160:Provinces of Argentina
967:Political terminology
916:Constitution of India
903:Constitution of India
890:Constitution of India
877:Constitution of India
615:are directly elected
580:, which comprise the
484:Provinces of Pakistan
391:Constitution of India
286:; most states have a
270:, who represents the
540:parliamentary system
499:parliamentary system
407:legislative assembly
399:Council of Ministers
252:Government structure
231:industrial relations
63:create a new article
55:improve this article
45:may not represent a
914:Article 214 of the
901:Article 168 of the
888:Article 163 of the
875:Article 153 of the
724:Puerto Rican people
582:federated polities.
491:Provincial Governor
411:legislative council
296:Legislative Council
126:national government
819:2013-04-24 at the
799:2011-10-14 at the
765:Confederated state
738:, or some form of
701:Medicaid expansion
625:State legislatures
621:commander in chief
458:federal government
304:Westminster system
114:form of government
720:autonomous region
594:U.S. Constitution
556:Executive Council
444:States of Nigeria
434:also has states.
320:States of Austria
272:King of Australia
246:same-sex marriage
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590:10th Amendment
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528:nine provinces
509:Main article:
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274:(currently
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103:subdivision
71:August 2017
957:Government
952:Federalism
946:Categories
781:References
685:unicameral
663:or simply
570:See also:
472:See also:
460:under the
442:See also:
415:high court
387:Puducherry
361:State List
357:Union List
351:See also:
292:Queensland
284:parliament
256:See also:
153:asymmetric
99:government
645:bicameral
613:governors
606:State law
375:28 states
288:bicameral
174:Australia
120:with the
59:talk page
817:Archived
797:Archived
754:See also
742:(either
722:for the
673:Nebraska
480:Pakistan
468:Pakistan
454:Governor
395:Governor
268:governor
242:marriage
210:commerce
206:taxation
149:Republic
130:autonomy
53:You may
592:to the
552:Premier
497:, in a
450:Nigeria
438:Nigeria
341:Germany
336:Germany
326:Landtag
314:Austria
308:Premier
190:federal
122:federal
111:federal
107:country
97:is the
671:). In
667:as in
653:Senate
639:, and
586:states
578:states
482:, the
432:Mexico
421:Mexico
359:, and
300:Indian
164:Canada
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109:in a
105:of a
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694:and
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679:and
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