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Stave church

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churches, and the nine largest were all in Sunnmøre with Hjørundfjord, Volda and Norddal of over 280 m. This is three times larger than, for example, Urnes and Hopperstad. According to Dietrichson, the large size of the stave churches in Sunnmøre were partly a result of later expansions. He estimated the cross arms of Volda Stave Church at 7.3 × 6 meters. Hjørundfjord Stave Church was a "half-cross church" with only one cross arm measuring 7.9 × 9.1 meters. The first stave church had cross arms of 7.9 × 6.7 meters after expansion. Dietrichson was unsure whether the cross arms in the Møre churches were generally added in the lath construction or whether it was a medieval stave construction. He concluded that several were originally listed as cruciform churches in stakes, including Hareid, Volda, Vatne and Ørsta. For some other churches (Bremsnes and Kornstad on Nordmøre), contemporary sources say that the cross arms were later added to the lumber. According to Håkon Christie, these churches of the Mør type had a simpler construction and were both larger and longer than the other types. Roar Hauglid estimated that most (80–90%) of the medieval Norwegian stave churches were simple single-nave buildings (Type A) and most were relatively small. Hauglid called these "the ordinary Norwegian stave church".
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temples in design and was possibly designed in order to adhere to old Norse cosmological beliefs, especially as some churches were built around a central point like a world tree. Stave churches were also often located near or in the sight of large natural formations which also had a significant role in Norse Paganism, thus also suggesting a form of continuity through placement and symbolism. Furthermore, dragons' heads and other clear mythological symbolism suggests the cultural blending of Norse mythological beliefs and Christianity in a non-contradictory synthesis. Owing to this evidence newer research has suggested that Christianity was introduced into Norway much earlier than was previously assumed.
1499: 806:, the consecration of the church was valid as long as the four corner posts were standing. One of the sermons in the old homily book is known as the "stave church sermon". The sermon dates from around 1100 and was presumably performed at consecrations, or on their anniversaries. The sermon text is a theological interpretation of the building elements in the church. It names most of the building elements in the stave church, and can be a source of terminology and technique. For instance, the sermon says: "The four corner posts of the church are a symbol for the four gospels, because their teachings are the strongest supports within the whole of Christianity." 998: 1710: 1798: 1547: 1750: 289: 1436: 3720:'death' metal and make a shop where all the trend people know that they will find all the trend music. This will help us earning money so that we can order more EVIL records to the evil people. But no matter how shitty music we have to sell, we'll make a BLACK METAL look on the shop, we've had a couple of 'actions' in churches lately, and the shop is going to look like a black church in the future. We've also thought about having total darkness inside, so that people would have to carry torches to be able to see the records. 680:
in several of the stave churches are thought to originate from such early pillar churches, in particular at the Urnes stave church in Luster, where many building parts with wooden sheds in the urn style must have belonged to an older church. It has now been proven that the reused building parts originally belonged to the current church's forerunner, dendrochronologically dated to the period 1070–1080. However, this was not a post church, but a real stave church where corner poles and wall planks stood on sleepers.
1069:. Dietrichson believed that the stave churches were closely connected to the hof and the "hof theory" attracted interest in the 1930s and 1940s. The theory assumed that the hofs had a square, raised roof supported by four columns. During Christianization of Norway local chiefs were forced to either dismantle the hofs or to convert hofs into churches. Bugge and Norberg-Schultz accordingly claimed that "there is no reason to believe that the last hofs and the first churches had any major differences" (" 1840: 460: 1511: 484: 1786: 1562: 472: 1073:"). This assumption has been rejected by archeological evidence several times, in the case of Iceland by Åge Roussel. Olaf Olsen described the hof merely as function related to ordinary buildings on major farms. If the hof was a particular building they remain to be identified, according to Olsen. Olsen rejected the hof theory. Nicolay Nicolaysen also concluded that there is not a single known case of a hof that was converted to a church. 1427:"Exposing the timber frame on the interior and/or exterior of the structures is seen to release its matrix of timber members and its capacity to contribute architectural expression to buildings. The matrix, forming ‘lines’ in space, has an expressive potential that includes the capacity to delineate proportion, direct eye-movement, suggest spatial enclosure, create patterning, permit transparency and establish continuity with landscape." 1412: 1774: 1722: 1444: 1492:
represents Christianity. in reference to Joh. 15.5: "I am the vine, you are the branches." Hohler opposes this interpretation. She believes that the portals cannot have a religious content, but is a picture of the client's or builder's intention, a ruling motif. There are many portals in Europe that are pure ornaments. She refers to Bernhard of Clairvaux, who opposed the use of animals in the Christian context.
4471: 1535: 1099: 745: 737: 717: 153: 48: 305: 1596:, a collection of allegories about animals with Christian interpretations, which are said to have originated in Alexandria in the 2nd century. This basic text was in Greek, and throughout the Middle Ages the text was translated into a number of languages. These stories are also the background for all the bestiaries that are preserved in various libraries and collections. The sources of the 1523: 33: 753: 844:
storm, avalanche and decay were other reasons. In 1650 there were about 270 stave churches left in Norway, and in the next hundred years 136 of these disappeared. There were still 95 stave churches in 1800, while over 200 former stave churches were still known by name or in written sources. From 1850 to 1885, 32 stave churches disappeared; since then only the
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excavated pillars fell out of use. Røldal Stave Church may have had some pillars set in the ground until 1913. In Lom Stave Church, the stone foundations have been laid approximately directly over the refilled postholes. Apart from different foundation methods, Jensenius believes that the pillar churches were essentially similar to stave churches.
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fishermen's villages on islands and minor villages along fjords. By about 1800, 322 stave churches were still known in Norway, most of them in sparsely populated areas. If the main church was masonry, the annex church could be a stave church. Masonry churches were mostly built in towns, along the coast, and in rich agricultural areas in
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What justification do the beasts of the monastery have for the formless treasure of form and the formless formlessness? What do pictures there have to do with unclean monkeys, wild lions, amazing centaurs and half-humans? Why serve tigers, fighting knights, hunters who blow their horns? There you see
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Um einskildmenn byggjer kyrkje, anten lendmann gjer det eller bonde, eller kven det er som byggjer kyrkje, skal han halda henne i stand og inkje øyda tufti. Men um kyrkja brotnar og hyrnestavane fell, dü skal han føra timber pü tufti innan tolv münadar; um det ikkje kjem, skal han bøta tre merker for
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The oldest technique is often called palisade work and was a self-supporting wall construction with densely placed earthen pillars or planks, which enclosed a room and at the same time carried the roof. Later, split logs were used, which gave the walls a flat inside, and the edges could be leveled or
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Lack of historical evidence for hofs as buildings undermines the hof theory. Nicolaysen also introduced the community centre hypothesis which argued that hofs were destroyed and churches constructed on the same convenient location for the local community. Location near a previous hof would then be a
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extended. The technique was developed as early as the 11th century, but it has only been proven in the forerunner of the current stave church. This was also a real stave church, since both the corner stakes and the tiles have stood on sleepers that were reused as foundations for the existing church.
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Many of the earliest churches in Norway were built using this technique, but no such buildings have survived. It is an open question whether limited life was the reason why they were replaced by real stave churches with sleepers, or whether there were other reasons. Some of the older materials found
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To prevent early decay, the posts or planks were tarred, and the lower ends were charred by burning. The palisade rows were often placed in ditches filled with stone. It was long thought that this technique disappeared before the turn of the last millennium, but new research shows that it was in use
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The word "stave church" is unknown in Old Norse, presumably because there were no other types of wooden churches. When Norway's churches after the Reformation were constructed from logs, there was a need for a separate term for the older churches. In written sources from the Middle Ages, there is a
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Norwegian stave churches older than the 1100s are known only from written sources or from archaeological excavations, but written sources are sparse and difficult to interpret. Only 271 masonry churches were constructed in Norway during the same period, of which 160 still exist, while in Sweden and
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Hoftun believes that many of the so-called pagan portal motifs have a clear Christian message, believing that in principle the Norwegian stave church motifs do not differ from many of the motifs found in other Romanesque church art, such as on Romanesque church portals and stone baptismal fonts in
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Basic geometrical figures, numbers that were easy to work with, one or just a few length units and simple ratios, and perhaps proportions, were among the theoretical aids all builders inherited. The specialist was the man who knew a particular type of building so well that he could systematise its
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and eastern Norway, as well as in the larger parishes in fjord districts in western Norway. No new churches were built in Norway during the 1400s and 1500s. Norway's stave churches largely disappeared until 1700 and were replaced by log buildings. Several stave churches were redesigned or enlarged
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By lifting the pole planks up from the ground and placing them on sleepers clamped between more powerful corner or intermediate posts, the risk of rot damage was reduced. Thinner materials could then be used in the complementary parts of the construction. Earthen piles of coarse round timber could
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as a background for animal depictions in portals on Gotland. These stone churches were often built after the stave churches in the same places had become too small. Unfortunately, most of the wooden churches have disappeared, so it is not possible to study the decor. But it is not unreasonable to
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The beam (or magnificent) portal consists of two portal planks and a top piece with continuous decoration. The upper part has two to five horizontal planks that are folded into each other with tongue and groove. This is supported by the standing wall planks that flank the doorway. 75 more or less
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Even though the wooden churches had structural differences, they give a recognizable general impression. Formal differences may hide common features of their planning, while apparently similar buildings may turn out to have their structural elements organized completely differently. Despite this,
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does it or a farmer, or whoever builds a church, shall keep the church and the plot in good condition. But if the church breaks down and corner posts fall, then he shall bring timber to the plot before twelve months; if not, he will pay three marks in punishment to the bishop and bring timber and
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was converted into a cruciform church partly in log construction. According to Dietrichson, most stave churches were dismantled to make room for a new church, partly because the old church had become too small for the congregation, and partly because the stave church was in poor condition. Fire,
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In Norway, stave churches were gradually replaced; many survived until the 19th century when a substantial number were destroyed. Today, 28 historical stave churches remain standing in Norway. Stave churches were particularly common in less populated areas in high valleys and forest land, and in
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law rules about "corner posts" show that the stave church was the standard church building in Norway, even though the Catholic church preferred stone. All wooden churches in Norway before the reformation were constructed with staves. Log building is younger than stave building in Norway, and was
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An important problem in dating the churches is that the solid ground sills are the construction elements most likely to have the outer parts of the log still preserved. Yet they are the most susceptible to humidity, and as people back then reused building parts, the church may have been rebuilt
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Common features of most portals are that they are monumental and that they have fighting dragons, which may be symbolic of magic to avert pain. Bugge believes that this may be a pagan iconography in Christian interpretation. In the Sogn-Valdres portals the lion is replaced by a vine, which also
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Stave churches sometimes appear to have built upon or used materials from old pagan worship sites and are considered to be the best evidence for the existence of Norse Pagan temples and the best guide as to what they looked like. The layout of the churches is believed to have mimicked old Pagan
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with standing timber in load-bearing structures, only the churches in the last developed method of construction, the stave, have been left standing in our time. By lifting the entire structure up on stone foundations and placing the poles on sleepers, the life of the structure was significantly
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Postholes, often with remnants of the former pillars, have been found under or near several stave churches and in places where legends say that there must have been churches. Remains of approximately 25 pillar buildings have been identified in Norway, and indirect traces of 7–8 more. Remains of
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Hükon Christie assumed that the post construction fell out of use because the posts rotted from below. Jørgen H. Jensenius believes that archaeological material does not provide unequivocal support for Christie's hypothesis; a change in size or transition to a stone church may also explain why
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This form of a church can also be recognized from the holes which remain from earlier earth-bound post churches built on the same sites. Little is known about what these older churches actually looked like or how they were constructed, as they were all destroyed or replaced many centuries ago.
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believed that the stave churches were originally small and only later built with larger dimensions. He believed that the background for this was the construction technique. He points out that the youngest churches in the Mør type are the largest. He calculated the ground plan and area for 79
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Most stave churches are in Norway, but they can also be found in Iceland, Sweden, Denmark, and Germany. Stave churches are quite popular phenomenon and several have been built or rebuilt around the world. The two most copied are Borgund and Hedared, with some variations, and sometimes with
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While church fires of wooden churches in Norway are relatively common, due to wood's flammable nature, from 1992 to 1995, the number rose dramatically. Between 1992 and 1996, there were at least 50 attacks on Christian churches in Norway, some of which were Stave churches. Members of the
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Most portals show dragons, "lions" and vines that do not refer to specific biblical or other Christian stories. One of the exceptions is the Christian motifs found on the west portal from the torn Hemsedal stave church, which shows St. Olav's martyrdom and status as a Christlike saint.
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under a head several bodies, and there you see on a four-legged body a snake's tail, there on a fish an animal head – Everywhere there is such a rich and fantastic collection of different shapes that one directs one's eyes to the sculptures rather than the content of the holy books.
1037:.") Nicolaysen further claimed that the layout and design may have been inspired by Byzantine architecture. Nicolaysen wrote: "All facts suggest that the stave churches like the masonry churches and all medieval architecture in Western Europe originated from the Roman basilica." (" 1640:
methods such as radiocarbon dating and dendrochronology can provide a more exact date. One drawback of dendrochronology is that it tends to overlook the possibility that the wood could have been reused from an older structure, or felled and left for many years before use.
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The column portal is derived from stone architecture. It has full or half columns that carry a curved archivolt. The columns have bases and chapters. They are richly decorated and were used both on front doors and inside cross-sections. About 40 such portals are known.
1608:. No early Greek text has survived; the oldest preserved are in Latin, but these must be very close to the Greek original. Gradually, it became common to illustrate the texts, but there is a leap in development, and a number of texts with illustrations have been lost. 664: 220:
The next design phase resulted from the observation that earthbound posts were susceptible to humidity, causing them to rot away over time. To prevent this, the posts were placed on top of large stones, significantly increasing their lifespans. The stave church in
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to reuse pre-Christian temples, but this had little relevance for Norway according to Nicolaysen. Jan Brendalsmo in his dissertation concluded that churches were often established on major farms or farms of local chiefs and close to feasting halls or graveyards.
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The poor condition of the stave churches led the National Heritage Board to start the Stave Churches Program in 2001. The program was to create positive ripple effects in the form of greater local activity with traditional ways of using materials and resources.
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A research problem has been the portal's iconography. As for the Urnes style portals, the idea that it should have a pagan content is rejected. The large animal has been interpreted as a lion. The lion can represent Christ who fights with and wins over evil.
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does not reject the basilica theory, but suggests development along two paths and that the basilical was a development towards larger and technically more sophisticated churches. The main, progressive path according to Nordhagen lead to Torpo and Borgund.
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where they intersect. The ends of these beams support the sills of the outer walls, forming a separate horizontal frame. The tall internal posts are placed on the internal frame of ground beams, and carry the main roof above the central nave
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Other researchers believe that the portals are inspired by English art. The background may be manuscripts and stone sculpture. Some of these manuscripts are animal books with a Christian allegorical content, often referred to as
1032:(1854). Nicolaysen wrote: "Our stave churches are now the only remaining of its kind, and according to the sparse records and known circumstances, it appears that nothing similar existed except perhaps in Britain and Ireland." (" 273:
Many stave churches had or still have outer galleries or ambulatories around their whole perimeters, loosely connected to the plank walls. These probably served to protect the church from a harsh climate, and for processions.
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Vore stavkirker er nu de eneste i sit slags, og saavidt sparsomme beretninger og andre omstĂŚndigheder lader formode, synes de heller ikke tidligere at have havt noget sidestykke med undtagelse af maaske i Storbritannien og
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It is now common to group the churches into two categories: the first, without free-standing posts, often referred to as Type A; and the second, with a raised roof and free-standing internal posts, usually called Type B.
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Results from studies with the photodendrome method published in 2019 have come with adjusted estimates for age of the timber used. The churches at Urnes, Kaupanger and Hopperstad were examined particularly thoroughly.
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The Expressive Capacity of the Timber Frame by Brit Andresen. School of Geography, Planning and Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Physical Sciences and Architecture, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Stave churches were once common in northern Europe. In Norway alone, it was thought about 1000 were built; recent research has increased this estimate and it is now believed there may have been closer to 2000.
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introduced in residential buildings around year 1000. Stave building is not influenced by the log technique. Only 29 stave churches have survived in Norway. Most of these were built between 1150 and 1350.
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assume that they have had the same decor as Norwegian stave churches, and that these motifs may then have been continued in the stone portals. Background and origin would then be approximately the same.
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At the base of Type A churches, there are four heavy sill beams on a low foundation of stones. These are interconnected in the corner notch, forming a rigid sill frame. The corner posts or staves (
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Alt synes at henpege paa, at forbilledet til vore stavkirker ligesom til stenkirkerne og overhovedet til hele den vesteuropĂŚiske arkitektur i middelalderen er udgaaet fra den romerske basilika.
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The wall plates support the roof trusses, consisting of a pair of principal rafters and an additional pair of intersecting "scissor rafters". For lateral bracing, additional wooden brackets (
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construction) and given a roof. This proved a simple but very strong form of construction. If set in gravel, the wall could last many decades, even centuries. An archaeological excavation in
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Grindbygde hus i Vest-Norge. NIKU-seminar om grindbygde hus, Bryggens museum 23.-25.03 1998. Edited by Helge Schjelderup and Ola Storsletten. Oslo: Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning.
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Portals or parts of the portals from about 140 stave churches have been preserved. There are roughly three portal types: the simple profile portal, the column portal and the beam portal.
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Most of the preserved material comes from Sogn-Hardanger and from the mountain villages in eastern Norway. The main part of the portals is Romanesque and lacks Gothic features.
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complete portals of this type have been preserved. In some beam portals, the column motif is also incorporated together with the surface decorations, with or without archivolt.
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It is possible that the portals may have been painted, but this has been difficult to determine with certainty. The paint on the few that are painted today seems to be newer.
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basilicas. The style was assumed to be transferred via Anglo-Saxon and Irish architecture, where only the particular roof construction was local. Dietrichson emphasized the
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in England. This led to this church being for a long time considered the oldest wooden structure in Europe. A common dating of the church was about the year 845, but modern
866:, and this discovery was an important contribution to understanding the origin of stave churches. Postholes were first identified during excavations in Urnes stave church. 859:(Christiania, 1834). The book also printed Flintoe's drawings of the facade, the ground floor and the floor plan – the first known architectural drawing of a stave church. 882:
are an older type, although the difference between the two is slight. A stave church has a lower construction set on a frame, whereas a post church has earth-bound posts.
897:, traces of post churches have been found at several locations, and there are also parts still in existence from some of them. A plank of one such church was found in 1454:
The simple profile portal is a doorway framed by simple profiles or pilasters. These portals are mostly used on cord doors. About 20 such doors have been preserved.
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Note: Several sections of this article have been translated from its Norwegian version. For complete detailed references in Norwegian, see the original version at
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Every piece is locked into position by other pieces, making for a very rigid construction; yet all points otherwise susceptible to the harsh weather are covered.
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The number of stave churches constructed in Iceland and the rest of Europe is unknown. Some believe they were the first type of church to be constructed in
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Originally much more widespread, most of the surviving stave churches are in Norway. The only remaining medieval stave churches outside Norway are those of
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Note that Roar Hauglid is a prolific author and the listed title is just one of several. Other books by him include: Norwegische Stabkirchen, Oslo 1970,
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De norske stavkirker: studier over deres system, oprindelse og historiske udvikling : et bidrag til Norges middelalderske bygningskunsts historie.
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Replica stave churches have been built in several American communities, mostly in the Upper Midwest, with Norwegian or Islandic immigrant populations.
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Stave churches can be dated in various ways: by historical records or inscriptions, by stylistic means using construction details or ornaments, or by
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is known to survive, has been claimed to be the oldest wooden church in the world, and probably the oldest wooden building in Europe still standing.
1785: 1012:("The Norwegian Stave Churches") (1892) claimed that the stave church is "a brilliant translation of the Romanesque basilica from stone to wood" (" 459: 1797: 1510: 972: 330:) fit. The last wall plank is wedge-shaped and rammed into place. When the wall is filled in with planks, the frame is completed by a wall plate ( 1668:
Kvernes Stave Church, 1633, previously believed to be from the Middle Ages, is the only known stave church in Norway built after the Reformation.
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In later churches the posts were set on a raised sill frame resting on stone foundations. This is the stave church in its most mature form.
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She therefore believes that animal motifs in Romanesque art have little religious significance, and the portals can be pure ruler symbols.
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Between 1950 and 1970, postholes from older buildings were discovered under Lom stave church as well as under masonry churches such as
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Stone as a base for poles was used as early as Roman times and additional walls in sleepers may have been used from the 400s and 600s.
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county, Sweden, built in the 12th century, torn down in the 19th century, rebuilt in the 1950s, burnt down, and rebuilt again in 2001.
2310: 971:. General consensus categorizes it as Saxon Type A. Another church bears similarities to stave churches, the medieval stone church of 534:), and also connected to the outer walls with aisle rafters, creating a laterally rigid construction. Closer to the top of the posts ( 1828:
adaptations to add elements from known stave churches from the area. In other places they are of a freer form and built for display.
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The results of the program with the details of what has been done at the individual churches was documented in a report in 2008.
1534: 4627: 4622: 2727: 795:(wall boards). However, in documents from the 1600–1700s, "stave" was also used for wall boards or panels. Emil Eckhoff in his 952:
visited Denmark in the first half of the 11th century, but how many of those were stave churches or post churches is unknown.
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Jensenius, Jørgen H. (2010): Bygningstekniske og arkeologiske bemerkninger om trekirker i Norge i vikingtid og middelalder.
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in Norwegian) are cross-cut at the lower end and fit over the corner notches and cover them, protecting them from moisture.
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has a square nave and a narrower square choir. This type of stave church was common at the beginning of the 12th century.
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stand for a relatively long time before rotting. They may have been scorched at the lower end to avoid premature decay.
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are thought to be largely responsible; in every arson case that was solved, those responsible were black metal fans.
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elements in a slightly different way from previous building designs, thus carrying developments a stage further.
1201:– Varg Vikernes and Faust were convicted for this; Euronymous also participated, but was murdered in August 1993. 1049:. Peter Anker believed that the influence from foreign masonry architecture was primarily in decorative details. 803: 4183: 4125: 3776: 2655: 2649: 1691:
to supplement the documentation of the stave churches as a basis for research and reconstruction of lost parts.
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dating estimates the church's year of construction to the period just after the year 1053 (+10 / −55 years).
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Williams, Thomas J. T. (May 2012). "A Blaze in the Northern Sky: Black Metal and Crimes Against Culture".
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Those with the raised roof, Type B, are often further divided into two subgroups. The first of these, the
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in England, exhibits many similarities with a stave church but is generally considered a palisade church.
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several times. If so, a dendrochronological dating may be based upon a log from a later reconstruction.
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Folklore and circumstantial evidence seem to suggest that stave churches were built upon old indigenous
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The only structure in this technique that has survived into our time is a wall in the middle section of
407: 395: 3807: 2756: 2621: 1234: 239:, have a whole arcade row of posts and intermediate posts along the sides and details that mimic stone 4510: 4490: 4425: 4395: 4380: 4360: 4325: 3574: 2661: 2627: 2590: 2497: 2457: 2431: 2325: 2189: 2093: 2045: 1853: 1600:
are Indian, Hebrew and Egyptian animal stories and various classical texts written by, among others,
1176: 1123: 1107: 1103: 925: 845: 595: 587: 575: 438: 251: 125: 78: 36: 4106: 4520: 4430: 4420: 4415: 4365: 4187: 3743: 2685: 2645: 2557: 2503: 2491: 2485: 2413: 2205: 2173: 2157: 1997: 1230: 1194: 1149: 1141: 1052: 1005: 724: 646: 599: 489:
Gol Stave Church. The drawing is slightly erroneous, as the sill under the church floor is missing.
411: 403: 51: 2401: 928:
was constructed c. 1500 at the same location as a previous stave church. Other notable places are
4500: 4460: 4455: 4445: 4400: 4370: 4340: 4238: 2894: 2823: 2712: 2613: 2563: 2549: 2533: 2463: 2419: 2407: 2359: 2301: 2285: 2253: 2109: 2013: 1981: 1917: 1629: 1017: 937: 929: 591: 583: 557: 431: 415: 399: 311: 267: 255: 214: 207: 199: 180: 106: 2391: 910: 1071:
og da er det liten grunn til ü tro at de siste hov har skilt seg synderlig fra de første kirker
4485: 4410: 4350: 4201: 4162: 3582: 3489: 3468: 3334: 3300: 3241: 3107: 3028: 2970: 2951: 2932: 2913: 2880: 2861: 2842: 2809: 2790: 2580: 2475: 2387: 2141: 1949: 1165: 419: 387: 295: 129: 74: 917:. Marks created by several old post churches have also been found at the old stone church in 4495: 4405: 4345: 4230: 4226: 3623: 2681: 2596: 2469: 2369: 2329: 2125: 1933: 1625: 1287: 964: 863: 852: 642: 579: 565: 203: 141: 1411: 3010: 2600: 1637: 1633: 1605: 963:
origin, with much debate as to whether it is a stave church or predates them. This is the
851:
Heddal stave church was the first stave church described in a scholarly publication, when
771: 620: 254:. In these churches the posts are connected halfway up with one or two horizontal double ″ 114: 82: 3414: 3101: 2702:. Its design is based on the Borgund Stave Church, and was built between 1983 and 1995. 2635: 1443: 1183: 1078: 1060: 949: 663: 176: 172: 86: 2989: 1179:
in Bergen – Varg Vikernes is strongly suspected as the culprit, but was not convicted.
4606: 4579: 4242: 3964: 3928: 2804:
Lindgren, Mereth; Lydberg, Louise; Sandstrøm, Birgitta; Waklberg, Anna Greta (2002).
2479: 1395: 1127: 976: 4275: 625: 4234: 3383: 2750: 2731: 1388: 1273: 1046: 1042: 1016:"). Dietrichson claimed that Type B displays an influence from early Christian and 960: 109:). Two related church building types also named for their structural elements, the 71: 3706: 3061: 835: 744: 736: 716: 326:
On top of the sill beam is a groove into which the lower ends of the wall planks (
152: 47: 3429:
Christie, Hükon: Urnes stavkirkes forløper belyst ved utgravninger under kirken,
519:) surrounding the central space. The roof thus slopes down in two steps, as in a 4586: 3579:
Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe : Early Scandinavian and Celtic Religions
2761: 2617: 2527: 2373: 1592: 1280: 1065: 890: 879: 875: 701: 676:
pillar churches are also found under stone churches such as MĂŚre and Kinsarvik.
658: 634:
fitted with tongue and groove. Palisade churches have not been found in Norway.
191: 110: 67: 3486:
Norsk arkitekturhistorie: frĂĽ steinalder og bronsealder til det 21. hundreĂĽret.
1098: 692: 32: 3774:
Aites, Aaron (director, producer); Ewell, Audrey (director, producer) (2009).
1715:
Borgund Stave Church, Martinus Rørbye, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, København, 1833
1656:
Hoppestad Stave Church dendrodated to 1131–1132, previously assumed 1125–1250.
1587: 1374: 1255: 1216: 1021: 906: 379: 195: 168: 137: 160:
Archaeological excavations have shown that stave churches are descended from
2699: 2523: 1601: 1241: 1187: 1136: 503: 259: 98: 17: 3652:"3 JANUARY 2018J.A. CAMERON Black metal church burnings: a historical view" 3046: 1447:
Drawing by G. A. Bull of the main portal in Hedal stave church, from c.1853
1305: 1205: 752: 40: 4003: 3808:"How the black metal scene in Norway led to the arson of over 50 churches" 3076:
De første kirkene i Norge. Kirkebyggingen og kirkebyggere før 1100-tallet.
1685:
to restore the stave churches so that they can be preserved for posterity,
546:) support the roof trusses, similar to those of the single-nave churches. 3597:
Reed, Michael F. "Norwegian Stave Churches and Their Pagan Antecedents."
2445: 2353: 2349: 2339: 1471:
It is common to divide the portals according to style to Urnes style and
1420:
certain basic principles must have been common to all types of building.
1381: 1360: 1319: 1312: 1298: 1291: 933: 909:
and an attempt at reconstructing the church is a featured display at the
818: 775: 520: 263: 244: 184: 175:
were split in two halves, set or rammed into the earth (generally called
161: 90: 55: 3991:
http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/ocs/index.php/AASA/2007/paper/viewFile/54/7
2664:, Norway, built c. 1150, destroyed by arson in 1992 and rebuilt in 1997. 2929:
Kristningsprosessens og herskermaktens ikonografi i nordisk middelalder
2675: 2671: 2639: 2631: 2363: 1648:
Coin finds made under the church floors are also important for dating.
1399: 1336: 1223: 983: 956: 941: 918: 898: 894: 375: 213:
A single church of palisade construction has been discovered under the
133: 3333:
Oslo: Program for forskning om kulturminnevern, Norges forskningsrĂĽd.
1659:
Kaupanger Stave Church dated to 1137–1138, formerly adopted 1170–1200.
2988:. Faculty of Theology, University of Oslo, curriculum. Archived from 2741: 2584: 2553: 2507: 2441: 1367: 1329: 1259: 1169: 1131: 945: 914: 886: 799:(1914–1916) also included wood-frame church buildings without posts. 3840: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3284:
Norwegian Stave Churches: A Guide to the29 Remaining Stave Churches
156:
Drawing during reconstruction of Gol stave church by T. Prytz, 1883
3789: 3787: 2746: 2567: 2537: 1442: 1434: 1410: 1343: 1097: 996: 968: 751: 743: 735: 715: 691: 662: 624: 151: 46: 31: 4280: 1704:
Old and modern photos of the most iconic Norwegian stave churches
827:
det til biskopen og koma med timber og byggja opp kyrkja likevel.
167:
Similar palisade constructions are known from buildings from the
4193:
Lords of Chaos: The Bloody Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground
2593:, Sweden, c. 1500, built on the site of an earlier stave church. 2381: 1198: 1014:
En genial oversettelse fra sten til tre av den romanske basilika
4284: 770:
Denmark there were 900 and 1800 masonry churches respectively.
538:), shorter sills inserted between them support the upper wall ( 164:
constructions and from later churches with earth-bound posts.
4256: 2910:
Stabkirchen – und die mittelalterliche Gesellschaft Norwegens
1665:
Borgund Stave Church 1180–1181, previously assumed 1150–1250.
1387:
3 September: attempted burning of VĂĽgsbygd church college in
1126:, which was burnt to the ground in June 1992. Police believe 437:
The only remaining church of this type outside Norway is the
2678:, Norway, rebuilt in 1630 (two old churches rebuilt as one). 4266:
Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments
1567:
The slaying of Regin, engravings from Hylestad Stave Church
1028:. The "basilica theory" was introduced by N. Nicolaysen in 839:
using different techniques during 1600–1700; for instance,
3869:
Ledang, Martin (director); Aasdal, PĂĽl (director) (2007).
3431:
Foreningen til norske Fortidsminnesmerkers bevaring, Årbok
1819:
List of archaeological sites and dismantled stave churches
511:). On the outer frame of sills rest the main wall planks ( 2652:, United States, a replica of Borgund Stave Church, 1969. 2552:, Sogn og Fjordane – first half of the 12th century (on 4144:
Stavkirkeprogrammet 2001–2015. Hva har skjedd så langt?
3262:
Med kleber og kalk. Norsk steinbygging i mellomalderen.
1662:
Gol Stave Church 1204–05, previously assumed 1170–1309.
140:
mountains of Poland. One other church, the Anglo-Saxon
4002:
The west portal in Hemsedal Stave Church is preserved
2950:. Vol. 1–2. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. 2658:, United States, relocated to Orkdal, Norway, in 2016. 1155:
The following is a partial list of the church arsons:
1791:
Vang Stave Church (Now in Poland) on a postcard, 1886
889:, the stave churches were considered obsolete in the 3543:
Avhandling dr.ing. , Arkitekthøyskolen i Oslo, 2001.
2460:, Møre og Romsdal – second half of the 14th century. 1349:
26 December: attempted burning of Klemestrud Church.
1244:– a firefighter was killed while fighting this fire. 441:
church in Sweden, which shows similarities with the
81:. The name derives from the building's structure of 4555: 4529: 4478: 4318: 3161:
Avhandling dr.ing., Arkitekthøyskolen i Oslo, 2001.
2753:– an open-air museum of Russian wooden architecture 1219:– Varg Vikernes and Samoth were convicted for this. 4547:archaeological sites and dismantled stave churches 2912:(in German). KĂśln: Verlag der Buchhandlung KĂśnig. 2688:, United States, Hopperstad replica built in 1998. 2314:Map of well-preserved old stave churches in Norway 1380:21 July: attempted burning of a church college in 4257:Stave Church – Medieval Wooden Churches in Norway 3892: 3844: 3793: 3758: 3731: 3062:"British Archaeology, no 10, December 1995: News" 1540:Lion on arch decoration from Borgund Stave Church 515:), carrying the roof over the pentice or aisles ( 494:On the stone foundation, four huge ground beams ( 43:, is one of Norway's most visited stave churches. 3769: 3767: 2877:Stavkirkene – og det norske middelaldersamfunnet 2546:, Sogn og Fjordane – middle of the 12th century. 1739:Heddal Stave Church. Illustration from the book 857:Samlinger til det Norske Folks Sprog og Historie 502:sign, their ends protruding 1–2 meters from the 3318:Stolper og staver i bygningsteknisk sammenheng. 1571: 1552:Sigurd sucking the dragon blood off his thumb, 1328:13 August: attempted burning of Loop Chapel in 948:alone there were around 300 such churches when 932:in Lund, with its traces of a post church with 815: 638:right up to the beginning of the 12th century. 465:HĂĽkon Christie drawing of Borgund Stave Church. 3873:(motion picture). Another World Entertainment. 3095: 3093: 2837:Bugge, Gunnar; Mezzanotte, Bernardino (1993). 2500:, Oppland – first quarter of the 13th century. 1516:Lion from the portal of Eidsborg Stave Church. 1240:25 December: burning of a Methodist church in 1134:was responsible, and the cover of Burzum's EP 802:According to Norway's oldest written laws and 720:Side view of Stedje Stave Church by G. A. Bull 4296: 4126:"Eit lite hol avslørte ein stor hemmelegheit" 3201:"Verdifulle stavkirker : Riksantikvaren" 2965:LagerlĂśf, Erland; SvahnstrĂśm, Gunnar (1991). 2789:(in Norwegian). Oslo: J.W. Cappelens forlag. 2526:– first half of the 13th century (could be a 2510:, Buskerud – second half of the 12th century. 1311:19 June: attempted burning of Heni Church in 1297:17 May: attempted burning of Åmodt Chapel in 8: 2488:, Oppland – second half of the 12th century. 2410:, Oppland – second half of the 12th century. 1325:21 July: attempted burning of Odda's Church. 1254:7 February: burning of Lundby New Church in 1030:MindesmĂŚrker af Middelalderens Kunst i Norge 3923: 3921: 2416:, Telemark – beginning of the 13th century. 477:G. A. Bull drawing of Borgund Stave Church. 4303: 4289: 4281: 4124:Aksnes, Solveig Nyhus (11 December 2019). 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3691:(motion picture). Norway: Grude, Torstein. 3613: 3611: 2899:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2841:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Grøndahl og Dreyer. 2828:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3619:"Norwegian Church Draws Black Metal Fans" 3362:Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1971, p. 102. 2608:Notable replicas and later built churches 1823:List of later stave churches and replicas 243:. These churches give an impression of a 4107:"Stavkirker i Norge er eldre enn antatt" 3856: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3484:Nordhagen, Per Jonas, "Stavkyrkjene" in 3331:Takverk i steinkirker fra middelalderen. 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 2986:"Dei norske stavkyrkjene – ei innføring" 1504:Lion on the door, Historisk museum, Oslo 1041:") This theory was further developed by 979:. It features a number of dragon heads. 3581:. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. 3505:Bugge og Norgberg-Schultz, 1994, s. 35. 3053: 3035:and Norwegian stave churches, Oslo 1970 1702: 1494: 1279:27 March: burning of SeegĂĽrd Church in 756:Arch decoration from Urnes Stave Church 452: 281: 4271:Google map of Norwegian stave churches 3465:Stavkirkene: deres egenart og historie 3006: 2995: 2892: 2821: 2787:Stavkirkene: Deres egenart og historie 2738:Painted Churches in the TroĂśdos Region 1415:Portal detail from Tønjum Stave Church 1077:coincidence, according to Nicolaysen. 3459: 3457: 3282:Havran, Jiri (trans. Challman, Tim). 3256: 3254: 2969:(in Swedish). Kristianstad: R&S. 2740:– wooden-roofed medieval churches in 2599:, England, 845 or 1053, the only one 1688:to preserve the decor and church art, 1554:engravings from Hylestad Stave Church 1122:The first church burned was Norway's 901:. The plank is now on display at the 809:Church building was mentioned in the 117:, are often called 'stave churches'. 7: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3078:Masteroppgave, Universitetet i Oslo. 2378:Norwegian Museum of Cultural History 542:). On top of the posts wall plates ( 530:) are interconnected with brackets ( 341:) are inserted between the rafters. 58:, the largest stave church in Norway 3687:Grude, Torstein (director) (1998). 3297:En arv i tre: de norske stavkirkene 3203:. Riksantikvaren.no. Archived from 2778:Directorate for Cultural Heritage, 1366:25 May: burning of SĂĽner Church in 1304:4 June: burning of Frogn Church in 817:If one man builds a church, either 748:The portal from FĂĽberg Stave Church 4592:Medieval Scandinavian architecture 4276:List over stave churches in Norway 3273:Bugge and Mezzanotte, 1994, p. 17. 2723:Medieval Scandinavian architecture 2448:– second half of the 12th century. 2394:– second half of the 15th century. 2022: 1373:14 June: burning of Moe Church in 1359:13 May: burning of Lord Church in 1342:22 December: attempted burning of 1335:10 December: attempted burning of 294:HoltĂĽlen Stave Church, drawing by 132:relocated in 1842 to contemporary 25: 4542:later stave churches and replicas 4196:(Revised and expanded ed.). 3780:(motion picture). Variance Films. 3631:from the original on 30 July 2020 3565:. Bergen: Universitetet i Bergen. 2070: 1958: 1439:Main portal in Hedal stave church 1272:13 March: burning of a church in 959:, there is one similar church of 449:Church with a raised roof, Type B 4575:Black metal-related church arson 4469: 2948:Norwegian Stave Church Sculpture 2946:Hohler, Erla Bergendahl (1999). 2293: 2277: 2262: 2261: 2245: 2229: 2213: 2197: 2181: 2165: 2149: 2133: 2117: 2101: 2085: 2069: 2053: 2037: 2021: 2005: 1989: 1973: 1957: 1941: 1925: 1909: 1893: 1878: 1877: 1862: 1861: 1845: 1838: 1815:List of stave churches in Norway 1796: 1784: 1772: 1767:Eidsborg Stave Church, 1880–1890 1760: 1748: 1732: 1720: 1708: 1560: 1545: 1533: 1521: 1509: 1497: 482: 470: 458: 386:Single-nave churches in Norway: 310:Reinli Stave Church, drawing by 303: 287: 225:is believed to be of this type. 27:Wooden Christian church building 3518:, Stenberger 1943, side 215–223 2182: 2086: 2054: 1846: 1681:The goals of the program were: 1528:Lion from the Vang Stave Church 1318:7 July: burning of a church in 1001:Details of Borgund Stave Church 740:Jelling church stone in Denmark 4235:10.1179/1465518712Z.0000000006 4161:. Canterbury Press Ltd, 2005. 4159:The Church Explorer's Handbook 3806:Smith, Peter (22 April 2019). 3703:"Øystein 'Euronymous' Aarseth" 3403:. Oslo: Samlaget, 1975, s. 14. 3238:Middelalder i tre, Stavkirker, 2860:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Dreyer. 2230: 2214: 2198: 2166: 1990: 1894: 1233:in Bergen – Varg Vikernes and 194:, the walls were supported by 1: 3893:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3845:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3794:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3759:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3732:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003 3599:RACAR: Revue D'art Canadienne 3539:Jensenius, Jørgen H. (2001): 3157:Jensenius, Jørgen H. (2001): 2931:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Solum. 2734:churches of similar character 2342:– middle of the 13th century. 2294: 2278: 2246: 2102: 2006: 1974: 1910: 1741:Norge fremstillet i Tegninger 1590:. The origin of these is the 1286:16 May: attempted burning of 1164:23 May: attempted burning of 3969:Den norske kirke, KirkerĂĽdet 3933:Den norske kirke, KirkerĂĽdet 3286:. ARFO. ISBN 97882-91399-355 2879:(in Norwegian). Copenhagen. 2808:(in Swedish). Kristianstad. 2728:Wooden Churches of Maramureș 2516:, Møre og Romsdal – c. 1200. 2134: 2038: 1942: 3993:. Retrieved 2 November 2013 3705:. June 1992. Archived from 3541:Trekirkene før stavkirkene. 3159:Trekirkene før stavkirkene. 3021:, Oslo 1973, multipart work 2692:Washington Island Stavkirke 2150: 2118: 1926: 1779:Eidsborg Stave Church, 2018 1636:for the structure, whereas 1407:Architecture and decoration 1117:Norwegian black metal scene 4649: 3871:Once Upon a Time in Norway 3650:Cameron, James Alexander. 3563:Fire kirkesteder i Romsdal 3561:Hansen, Margareth (2014). 2454:, Sogn og Fjordane – 1190. 2428:, Sogn og Fjordane – 1140. 2332:– end of the 12th century. 1812: 1727:Borgund Stave Church, 2005 1094:Church arsons and attempts 903:National Museum of Denmark 822:rebuild the church anyway. 783:clear distinction between 656: 618: 278:Single-nave church, Type A 250:The other subgroup is the 187:of several such churches. 130:one Norwegian stave church 4633:Scandinavian architecture 4506:Gustav Adolf Stave Church 4467: 4198:Port Townsend, Washington 3433:1958, vol. 113, pp. 49–74 3329:Storsletten, Ola (1993). 3295:Storsletten, Ola (1993). 3190:Hauglid, 1976, s.339–344. 3074:Magnell, Steinar (2009): 2984:Elstad, Hallgeir (2002). 2767:Black metal church arsons 1755:Heddal Stave Church, 2010 1211:13 September: burning of 924:In Sweden, the medieval 804:Old Norwegian Homily Book 526:The tall internal posts ( 4537:stave churches in Norway 3777:Until the Light Takes Us 3747:'Count' Regrets Nothing" 3451:Dietrichson (1892) p, 83 3442:Dietrichson (1892) p. 82 3260:Ekroll, Øystein (1997): 3248:(Kirker i Norge; bind 4) 3181:Kristiania: Cammermeyer. 3177:Dietrichson, L. (1892). 3103:Stavkirkene – arkitektur 2927:Hoftun, Oddgeir (2008). 2908:Hoftun, Oddgeir (2003). 2875:Hoftun, Oddgeir (2002). 2656:Little Norway, Wisconsin 2650:Rapid City, South Dakota 1611:Lindkvist refers to the 1237:were convicted for this. 1229:24 December: burning of 1204:1 September: burning of 936:, and some old parts of 454:Plans of Type B churches 283:Plans of Type A churches 85:construction, a type of 4376:Hopperstad Stave Church 4142:Riksantikvaren (2008): 3656:Stained Glass Attitudes 3360:Gammelnorsk homiliebok. 3100:HĂĽkon Christie (1981). 2583:, moved from Norway to 2426:Hopperstad Stave Church 1803:Vang Stave Church, 2012 1394:3 November: burning of 1083:Augustine of Canterbury 610:Construction techniques 382:, dates to around 1200. 89:where the load-bearing 4628:Architecture in Norway 4623:Timber-framed churches 4563:Architecture of Norway 4479:Other notable churches 4391:Kaupanger Stave Church 4356:Haltdalen Stave Church 4319:Old Norwegian churches 4004:History Museum in Oslo 3605:24, no. 2 (1997): 3–13 3413:Bugge, Anders (1954). 3401:Gamle kyrkjer i ny tid 3005:Cite journal requires 2856:Bugge, Gunnar (1981). 2718:Architecture of Norway 2452:Kaupanger Stave Church 2398:Haltdalen Stave Church 1809:List of stave churches 1673:Stave Churches Program 1576: 1448: 1440: 1416: 1222:3 October: burning of 1193:21 August: burning of 1111: 1081:encouraged (year 601) 1002: 893:and were replaced. In 831: 757: 749: 741: 721: 700:Of buildings from the 697: 668: 630: 157: 59: 44: 4451:Undredal Stave Church 4336:Flesberg Stave Church 4331:Eidsborg Stave Church 3965:"Startside kirken.no" 3929:"Startside kirken.no" 3575:Davidson, H. R. Ellis 3488:Oslo: Samlaget 2003, 3316:GjĂŚrder, Per (1999). 3087:Krogh 2011 s. 166–170 2785:Anker, Peter (1997). 2544:Undredal Stave Church 2346:Flesberg Stave Church 2336:Eidsborg Stave Church 1446: 1438: 1414: 1182:1 August: burning of 1101: 1000: 841:Flesberg Stave Church 755: 747: 739: 719: 695: 666: 628: 155: 50: 35: 4511:Fantoft Stave Church 4491:Hedared stave church 4426:Ringebu Stave Church 4396:Kvernes Stave Church 4386:Høyjord Stave Church 4361:Hedalen Stave Church 4326:Borgund Stave Church 4262:Stave churches owned 4147:(in Norwegian) (pdf) 3883:Kristiansen, p. 261. 3388:Norsk trearkitektur. 3374:Oslo: Samlaget. 1952 3106:. pp. 139–252. 2992:on 11 November 2005. 2806:Svensk Konsthistoria 2662:Fantoft Stave Church 2628:Heimaey stave church 2591:Hedared stave church 2498:Ringebu Stave Church 2458:Kvernes Stave Church 2438:Høyjord Stave Church 2326:Borgund Stave Church 2311:class=notpageimage| 1582:Sweden and Denmark. 1177:Fantoft stave church 1124:Fantoft Stave Church 1104:Fantoft Stave Church 1010:De norske Stavkirker 926:Hedared stave church 846:Fantoft Stave Church 498:) are placed like a 126:Hedared stave church 79:north-western Europe 37:Borgund Stave Church 4618:Church architecture 4521:Chapel in the Hills 4516:FĂĽvang Stave Church 4441:Røldal Stave Church 4436:Rødven Stave Church 4431:Rollag Stave Church 4421:Reinli Stave Church 4366:Heddal Stave Church 3709:on 9 September 2009 3603:Canadian Art Review 3463:Peter Anker (1997) 3299:. Oslo: Aschehoug. 3148:Krogh 2011 s. 74–98 3139:Christie 1974 s. 15 3128:Collegium Medievale 2858:Stavkirkene i Norge 2686:Moorhead, Minnesota 2668:FĂĽvang Stave Church 2646:Chapel in the Hills 2558:World Heritage Site 2520:Røldal Stave Church 2514:Rødven Stave Church 2504:Rollag Stave Church 2492:Reinli Stave Church 2414:Heddal Stave Church 2384:), Buskerud – 1212. 1195:Holmenkollen Chapel 1175:6 June: burning of 1142:Holmenkollen Chapel 1063:worship sites, the 1053:Per Jonas Nordhagen 1006:Lorentz Dietrichson 973:St. Mary in Kilpeck 725:Lorentz Dietrichson 647:dendrochronological 550:The Kaupanger group 443:church at Haltdalen 52:Heddal Stave Church 4501:Skaga stave church 4461:Uvdal Stave Church 4456:Urnes Stave Church 4446:Torpo Stave Church 4401:Lomen Stave Church 4371:Hegge Stave Church 4341:Garmo Stave Church 4218:Public Archaeology 4113:. 31 October 2019. 3529:Hørg, hov og kirke 3467:. Oslo: Cappelen. 3240:ARFO forlag 2005, 2757:Churches of ChiloĂŠ 2713:Churches in Norway 2614:Skaga stave church 2570:, Buskerud – 1168. 2564:Uvdal Stave Church 2550:Urnes Stave Church 2540:, Buskerud – 1192. 2534:Torpo Stave Church 2482:, Buskerud – 1167. 2464:Lomen Stave Church 2420:Hegge Stave Church 2408:Hedal Stave Church 2360:Garmo Stave Church 1832:Old stave churches 1630:radiocarbon dating 1620:Dating of churches 1449: 1441: 1417: 1235:Jørn Inge Tunsberg 1130:of the metal band 1112: 1003: 938:Hemse stave church 930:Maria Minor church 855:wrote an essay in 797:Svenska stavkyrkor 758: 750: 742: 722: 698: 669: 667:The post technique 653:The post technique 631: 368:center-post church 350:single-nave church 312:Georg Andreas Bull 268:Lomen Stave Church 215:Hemse stave church 208:Urnes Stave Church 200:radiocarbon dating 158: 60: 45: 4600: 4599: 4486:Vang Stave Church 4411:Nore Stave Church 4381:Høre Stave Church 4351:Grip Stave Church 4188:Søderlind, Didrik 4184:Moynihan, Michael 4071:Hoftun 2002; 2008 4014:Hoftun 2002; 2008 3627:. 5 August 2004. 3419:. Oslo: Grøndahl. 3019:Norske Stavkirker 2976:978-91-29-61598-2 2957:978-82-00-12748-2 2938:978-82-560-1619-8 2919:978-3-88375-675-2 2886:978-87-21-01977-8 2867:978-82-09-01890-3 2848:978-82-504-2072-4 2815:978-91-85330-72-0 2796:978-82-02-15978-8 2696:Washington Island 2581:Vang Stave Church 2494:, Oppland – 1190. 2476:Nore Stave Church 2472:, Oppland – 1158. 2466:, Oppland – 1179. 2434:, Oppland – 1179. 2432:Høre Stave Church 2422:, Oppland – 1216. 2388:Grip Stave Church 1166:Storetveit Church 572:The Borgund group 93:posts are called 16:(Redirected from 4640: 4580:by Varg Vikernes 4496:Greensted Church 4473: 4416:Øye Stave Church 4406:Lom Stave Church 4346:Gol Stave Church 4305: 4298: 4291: 4282: 4246: 4227:Maney Publishing 4211: 4170: 4157:Frewins, Clive. 4155: 4149: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4068: 4062: 4057: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3961: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3925: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3866: 3860: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3803: 3797: 3791: 3782: 3781: 3771: 3762: 3756: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3716: 3714: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3684: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3624:Blabbermouth.net 3615: 3606: 3595: 3589: 3572: 3566: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3544: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3516:Islands gudehove 3512: 3506: 3503: 3497: 3482: 3476: 3461: 3452: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3434: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3416:Heddal stavkirke 3410: 3404: 3397: 3391: 3390:Oslo: Gyldendal. 3381: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3348: 3342: 3327: 3321: 3314: 3308: 3293: 3287: 3280: 3274: 3271: 3265: 3258: 3249: 3234: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3207:on 21 April 2008 3197: 3191: 3188: 3182: 3175: 3162: 3155: 3149: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3131: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3097: 3088: 3085: 3079: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3058: 3014: 3008: 3003: 3001: 2993: 2980: 2961: 2942: 2923: 2904: 2898: 2890: 2871: 2852: 2833: 2827: 2819: 2800: 2682:Hjemkomst Center 2642:, built in 2000. 2597:Greensted Church 2486:Øye Stave Church 2470:Lom Stave Church 2370:Gol Stave Church 2330:Sogn og Fjordane 2297: 2296: 2281: 2280: 2265: 2264: 2249: 2248: 2233: 2232: 2217: 2216: 2201: 2200: 2185: 2184: 2169: 2168: 2153: 2152: 2137: 2136: 2121: 2120: 2105: 2104: 2089: 2088: 2073: 2072: 2057: 2056: 2041: 2040: 2025: 2024: 2009: 2008: 1993: 1992: 1977: 1976: 1961: 1960: 1945: 1944: 1929: 1928: 1913: 1912: 1897: 1896: 1881: 1880: 1865: 1864: 1849: 1848: 1842: 1800: 1788: 1776: 1764: 1752: 1736: 1724: 1712: 1626:dendrochronology 1564: 1549: 1537: 1525: 1513: 1501: 1473:Romanesque style 1288:Gol stave church 965:Greensted Church 864:Kinsarvik Church 853:Johannes Flintoe 643:Greensted Church 501: 486: 474: 462: 307: 291: 204:dendrochronology 142:Greensted Church 21: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4603: 4602: 4601: 4596: 4551: 4525: 4474: 4465: 4314: 4309: 4253: 4214: 4208: 4200:: Feral House. 4182: 4179: 4174: 4173: 4156: 4152: 4141: 4137: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4092: 4088: 4080: 4076: 4069: 4065: 4058: 4054: 4046: 4042: 4034: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4009: 4001: 3997: 3987: 3983: 3973: 3971: 3963: 3962: 3947: 3937: 3935: 3927: 3926: 3899: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3868: 3867: 3863: 3855: 3851: 3843: 3826: 3816: 3814: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3792: 3785: 3773: 3772: 3765: 3757: 3753: 3744: 3742: 3738: 3730: 3726: 3712: 3710: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3689:Satan rir Media 3686: 3685: 3670: 3660: 3658: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3634: 3632: 3617: 3616: 3609: 3596: 3592: 3573: 3569: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3547: 3538: 3534: 3526: 3522: 3513: 3509: 3504: 3500: 3483: 3479: 3462: 3455: 3450: 3446: 3441: 3437: 3428: 3424: 3412: 3411: 3407: 3398: 3394: 3382: 3378: 3370: 3366: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3328: 3324: 3315: 3311: 3294: 3290: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3268: 3264:Oslo: Samlaget. 3259: 3252: 3235: 3220: 3210: 3208: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3189: 3185: 3176: 3165: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3125: 3121: 3114: 3099: 3098: 3091: 3086: 3082: 3073: 3069: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3043: 3017:Hauglid, Roar, 3004: 2994: 2983: 2977: 2967:Gotlands Kyrkor 2964: 2958: 2945: 2939: 2926: 2920: 2907: 2891: 2887: 2874: 2868: 2855: 2849: 2836: 2820: 2816: 2803: 2797: 2784: 2775: 2773:Further reading 2709: 2622:Västra GĂśtaland 2610: 2601:palisade church 2577: 2392:Møre og Romsdal 2322: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2307: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2298: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2282: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2266: 2258: 2257: 2256: 2250: 2242: 2241: 2240: 2234: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2218: 2210: 2209: 2208: 2202: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2186: 2178: 2177: 2176: 2170: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2154: 2146: 2145: 2144: 2138: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2122: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2106: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2090: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2074: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2058: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2042: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2026: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2010: 2002: 2001: 2000: 1994: 1986: 1985: 1984: 1978: 1970: 1969: 1968: 1962: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1946: 1938: 1937: 1936: 1930: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1914: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1898: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1882: 1874: 1873: 1872: 1866: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1850: 1834: 1825: 1811: 1804: 1801: 1792: 1789: 1780: 1777: 1768: 1765: 1756: 1753: 1744: 1737: 1728: 1725: 1716: 1713: 1701: 1675: 1638:absolute dating 1634:relative dating 1622: 1606:Pliny the Elder 1568: 1565: 1556: 1550: 1541: 1538: 1529: 1526: 1517: 1514: 1505: 1502: 1481: 1433: 1409: 1226:Church in Oslo. 1208:Church in Oslo. 1096: 995: 911:MoesgĂĽrd Museum 878:; however, the 872: 870:Other countries 848:has been lost. 823: 772:Frostathing Law 767: 734: 714: 690: 661: 655: 623: 621:Palisade church 617: 612: 499: 490: 487: 478: 475: 466: 463: 451: 315: 308: 299: 292: 280: 237:Kaupanger group 150: 115:palisade church 83:post and lintel 77:once common in 75:church building 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4646: 4644: 4636: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4613:Stave churches 4605: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4583: 4582: 4572: 4571: 4570: 4559: 4557: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4482: 4480: 4476: 4475: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4322: 4320: 4316: 4315: 4312:Stave churches 4310: 4308: 4307: 4300: 4293: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4259: 4252: 4251:External links 4249: 4248: 4247: 4212: 4206: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4171: 4150: 4135: 4116: 4098: 4094:Lindkvist 1997 4086: 4074: 4063: 4052: 4040: 4028: 4016: 4007: 3995: 3981: 3945: 3897: 3895:, p. 117. 3885: 3876: 3861: 3849: 3847:, p. 82f. 3824: 3798: 3783: 3763: 3751: 3736: 3734:, p. 106. 3724: 3694: 3668: 3642: 3607: 3590: 3567: 3554: 3552:Nordhagen 2003 3545: 3532: 3520: 3514:Aage Roussel, 3507: 3498: 3477: 3453: 3444: 3435: 3422: 3405: 3399:Muri, Sigurd: 3392: 3376: 3372:Gulatingslovi. 3364: 3352: 3343: 3322: 3309: 3288: 3275: 3266: 3250: 3218: 3192: 3183: 3163: 3150: 3141: 3132: 3119: 3112: 3089: 3080: 3067: 3052: 3051: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3023: 3022: 3015: 3007:|journal= 2981: 2975: 2962: 2956: 2943: 2937: 2924: 2918: 2905: 2885: 2872: 2866: 2853: 2847: 2834: 2814: 2801: 2795: 2782: 2780:Stave Churches 2774: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2744: 2735: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2689: 2679: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2643: 2636:Vestmannaeyjar 2625: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2594: 2588: 2576: 2575:Outside Norway 2573: 2572: 2571: 2561: 2547: 2541: 2531: 2517: 2511: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2473: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2449: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2395: 2385: 2367: 2357: 2343: 2333: 2321: 2318: 2309: 2308: 2300: 2299: 2292: 2291: 2284: 2283: 2276: 2275: 2268: 2267: 2260: 2259: 2252: 2251: 2244: 2243: 2236: 2235: 2228: 2227: 2220: 2219: 2212: 2211: 2204: 2203: 2196: 2195: 2188: 2187: 2180: 2179: 2172: 2171: 2164: 2163: 2156: 2155: 2148: 2147: 2140: 2139: 2132: 2131: 2124: 2123: 2116: 2115: 2108: 2107: 2100: 2099: 2092: 2091: 2084: 2083: 2076: 2075: 2068: 2067: 2060: 2059: 2052: 2051: 2044: 2043: 2036: 2035: 2028: 2027: 2020: 2019: 2012: 2011: 2004: 2003: 1996: 1995: 1988: 1987: 1980: 1979: 1972: 1971: 1964: 1963: 1956: 1955: 1948: 1947: 1940: 1939: 1932: 1931: 1924: 1923: 1916: 1915: 1908: 1907: 1900: 1899: 1892: 1891: 1884: 1883: 1876: 1875: 1868: 1867: 1860: 1859: 1852: 1851: 1844: 1843: 1837: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1747: 1745: 1738: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1707: 1705: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1621: 1618: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1559: 1557: 1551: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1496: 1480: 1477: 1432: 1429: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1392: 1385: 1378: 1371: 1364: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1340: 1333: 1326: 1323: 1316: 1309: 1302: 1295: 1284: 1277: 1264: 1263: 1246: 1245: 1238: 1227: 1220: 1209: 1202: 1191: 1184:Revheim Church 1180: 1173: 1095: 1092: 1079:Pope Gregory I 1024:, arcades and 994: 991: 950:Adam of Bremen 871: 868: 811:Gulatingsloven 766: 763: 733: 730: 713: 710: 689: 686: 657:Main article: 654: 651: 619:Main article: 616: 613: 611: 608: 492: 491: 488: 481: 479: 476: 469: 467: 464: 457: 455: 450: 447: 384: 383: 372:Midtmastkyrkje 364: 353: 317: 316: 309: 302: 300: 296:HĂĽkon Christie 293: 286: 284: 279: 276: 183:uncovered the 177:post in ground 149: 146: 128:in Sweden and 87:timber framing 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4645: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4576: 4573: 4569: 4566: 4565: 4564: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4554: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4472: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4306: 4301: 4299: 4294: 4292: 4287: 4286: 4283: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4219: 4213: 4209: 4207:0-922915-94-6 4203: 4199: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4176: 4168: 4167:1-85311-622-X 4164: 4160: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4139: 4136: 4131: 4127: 4120: 4117: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4099: 4095: 4090: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4060:Paulsson 1969 4056: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4017: 4011: 4008: 4005: 3999: 3996: 3992: 3985: 3982: 3970: 3966: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3946: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3889: 3886: 3880: 3877: 3872: 3865: 3862: 3859:, p. 60. 3858: 3857:Williams 2012 3853: 3850: 3846: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3813: 3809: 3802: 3799: 3796:, p. 89. 3795: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3779: 3778: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3761:, p. 93. 3760: 3755: 3752: 3748: 3740: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3690: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3657: 3653: 3646: 3643: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3620: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3587:0-8156-2441-7 3584: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3558: 3555: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3508: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3494:82-521-5748-3 3491: 3487: 3481: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3458: 3454: 3448: 3445: 3439: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3418: 3417: 3409: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3384:Vreim, Halvor 3380: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3353: 3347: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3326: 3323: 3319: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3279: 3276: 3270: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3246:82-91399-16-6 3243: 3239: 3236:Anker, Leif: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3193: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3145: 3142: 3136: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3120: 3115: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3077: 3071: 3068: 3063: 3057: 3054: 3050: 3048: 3040: 3036: 3034: 3033:82-09-00938-9 3030: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 2999: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2978: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2959: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2940: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2915: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2896: 2888: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2869: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2844: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2817: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2732:Transylvanian 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2602: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2480:Nore og Uvdal 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2402:Sør-Trøndelag 2399: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2312: 2303: 2287: 2271: 2255: 2239: 2223: 2207: 2191: 2175: 2159: 2143: 2127: 2111: 2095: 2079: 2063: 2047: 2031: 2015: 1999: 1983: 1967: 1951: 1935: 1919: 1903: 1887: 1871: 1855: 1841: 1831: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1808: 1799: 1794: 1787: 1782: 1775: 1770: 1763: 1758: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1735: 1730: 1723: 1718: 1711: 1706: 1703: 1698: 1696: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1672: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1619: 1617: 1614: 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Retrieved 3968: 3936:. Retrieved 3932: 3888: 3879: 3870: 3864: 3852: 3815:. Retrieved 3811: 3801: 3775: 3754: 3749:. Burzum.org 3739: 3727: 3718: 3711:. Retrieved 3707:the original 3697: 3688: 3659:. Retrieved 3655: 3645: 3633:. Retrieved 3622: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3578: 3570: 3562: 3557: 3548: 3540: 3535: 3528: 3527:Olaf Olsen, 3523: 3515: 3510: 3501: 3496:, pp. 89–119 3485: 3480: 3464: 3447: 3438: 3430: 3425: 3415: 3408: 3400: 3395: 3387: 3379: 3371: 3367: 3359: 3355: 3346: 3330: 3325: 3317: 3312: 3296: 3291: 3283: 3278: 3269: 3261: 3237: 3209:. 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Under the 189: 166: 159: 148:Construction 121: 119: 102: 94: 64:stave church 63: 61: 39:in Borgund, 29: 18:Stave Church 4587:Heathen hof 2762:Heathen hof 2528:post church 1613:Physiologus 1598:Physiologus 1593:Physiologus 1479:Iconography 1281:Snertingdal 891:Middle Ages 876:Scandinavia 702:Middle Ages 659:Post church 357:long church 314:, ca. 1855. 111:post church 4607:Categories 4568:Vernacular 4082:Anker 1997 4048:Anker 2005 4036:Anker 1997 4024:Anker 2005 3713:10 October 3635:13 October 3473:8202159784 3339:8212001040 3305:8203220061 3113:8205122644 3041:References 2839:Stavkirker 2366:– c. 1150. 2356:– c. 1200. 2030:Hopperstad 1813:See also: 1588:bestiaries 1375:Sandefjord 1256:Gothenburg 1217:Vindafjord 1022:clerestory 993:Influences 907:Copenhagen 696:Stave work 688:Stave work 562:Hopperstad 544:stavlĂŚgjer 380:Hallingdal 361:Langkyrkje 328:veggtilene 169:Viking Age 138:Karkonosze 105:in modern 4243:145058950 4229:: 59–72. 4190:(2003) . 4111:Gemini.no 3817:6 January 3661:6 January 2895:cite book 2824:cite book 2700:Wisconsin 2524:Hordaland 2078:Kaupanger 1966:Haltdalen 1602:Aristotle 1242:Sarpsborg 1188:Stavanger 934:palisades 836:Trøndelag 554:Kaupanger 513:veggtiler 504:lap joint 392:Haltdalen 332:stavlĂŚgje 264:basilicas 262:of stone 260:triforium 185:postholes 107:Norwegian 99:Old Norse 72:Christian 4169:. p. 16. 3974:18 March 3938:18 March 3629:Archived 3577:. 1988. 3386:(1947): 3211:30 April 2707:See also 2618:TĂśreboda 2587:in 1842. 2446:Vestfold 2376:(now at 2354:Buskerud 2350:Flesberg 2340:Telemark 2270:Undredal 1886:Flesberg 1870:Eidsborg 1382:Eidanger 1361:Telemark 1313:Gjerdrum 1299:Buskerud 1292:Buskerud 1110:in 1997. 1108:restored 1026:capitals 819:lendmann 776:Gulating 540:tilevegg 521:basilica 408:Eidsborg 396:Undredal 245:basilica 241:capitals 162:palisade 91:ore-pine 68:medieval 56:Notodden 4556:Related 4530:List of 4264:by the 4177:Sources 2676:Oppland 2672:Ringebu 2640:Iceland 2632:Heimaey 2364:Oppland 2190:Ringebu 2094:Kvernes 2062:Høyjord 1854:Borgund 1699:Gallery 1431:Portals 1400:Rennebu 1346:Church. 1339:Church. 1224:Hauketo 984:Germany 957:England 942:Gotland 919:Jelling 899:Jutland 895:Denmark 793:vĂŚgĂžili 732:History 596:Ringebu 576:Borgund 532:bueknĂŚr 439:Hedared 424:Høyjord 376:Numedal 339:bueknĂŚr 321:stavene 136:in the 134:Karpacz 70:wooden 4241:  4204:  4165:  4096:s. 105 4084:s. 267 4038:s. 265 3812:Mapped 3585:  3492:  3471:  3337:  3303:  3244:  3110:  3031:  2973:  2954:  2935:  2916:  2883:  2864:  2845:  2812:  2793:  2742:Cyprus 2585:Poland 2554:UNESCO 2508:Rollag 2442:Andebu 2320:Norway 2238:Røldal 2222:Rødven 2206:Rollag 2174:Reinli 1998:Heddal 1902:FĂĽvang 1821:, and 1743:, 1848 1368:Vestby 1330:Meldal 1306:Drøbak 1260:Sweden 1206:Ormøya 1170:Bergen 1148:, and 1132:Burzum 1035:Irland 915:Aarhus 887:Sweden 765:Norway 598:, and 564:, and 536:staver 528:staver 517:omgang 430:, and 428:Røldal 412:Rollag 404:Reinli 223:Røldal 41:LĂŚrdal 4239:S2CID 4225:(2). 4050:s. 62 2747:Kizhi 2568:Uvdal 2302:Uvdal 2286:Urnes 2254:Torpo 2110:Lomen 2014:Hegge 1982:Hedal 1918:Garmo 1344:Askim 1320:Jeløy 1061:Norse 1018:Roman 969:Essex 961:Saxon 946:SkĂĽne 944:. In 913:near 785:stafr 592:Lomen 584:Hegge 558:Urnes 432:Garmo 416:Uvdal 400:Hedal 196:sills 124:1500 122:circa 95:stafr 66:is a 4202:ISBN 4163:ISBN 4026:s.61 3976:2018 3940:2018 3819:2024 3715:2009 3663:2024 3637:2020 3583:ISBN 3490:ISBN 3469:ISBN 3335:ISBN 3301:ISBN 3242:ISBN 3213:2010 3108:ISBN 3029:ISBN 3011:help 2971:ISBN 2952:ISBN 2933:ISBN 2914:ISBN 2901:link 2881:ISBN 2862:ISBN 2843:ISBN 2830:link 2810:ISBN 2791:ISBN 2749:and 2382:Oslo 2142:Nore 2046:Høre 1950:Grip 1628:and 1604:and 1354:1995 1337:Åkra 1274:Sund 1267:1994 1249:1993 1199:Oslo 1159:1992 1137:Aske 1102:The 1045:and 789:Ăžili 774:and 712:Size 588:Høre 509:skip 420:Nore 388:Grip 378:and 366:The 355:The 348:The 181:Lund 173:Logs 113:and 103:stav 4231:doi 4130:NRK 2694:on 2684:in 2670:in 2648:in 2630:at 2616:in 2556:’s 2374:Gol 2372:in 2348:in 2158:Øye 2126:Lom 1934:Gol 1398:in 1290:in 1215:in 1197:in 1186:in 1168:in 1066:hof 982:In 975:in 967:in 955:In 940:on 905:in 885:In 791:or 600:Øye 580:Gol 566:Lom 270:). 202:or 190:In 97:in 4609:: 4237:. 4223:11 4221:. 4186:; 4128:. 4109:. 3967:. 3948:^ 3931:. 3900:^ 3827:^ 3810:. 3786:^ 3766:^ 3717:. 3671:^ 3654:. 3621:. 3610:^ 3601:/ 3456:^ 3253:^ 3221:^ 3166:^ 3092:^ 3049:. 3002:: 3000:}} 2996:{{ 2897:}} 2893:{{ 2826:}} 2822:{{ 2730:– 2698:, 2674:, 2638:, 2634:, 2620:, 2566:, 2560:). 2538:Ål 2536:, 2530:). 2522:, 2506:, 2478:, 2444:, 2440:, 2400:, 2390:, 2380:, 2362:, 2352:, 2338:, 2328:, 1817:, 1475:. 1258:, 1144:, 1106:, 921:. 602:. 594:, 590:, 586:, 582:, 578:, 568:. 560:, 556:, 523:. 445:. 434:. 426:, 422:, 418:, 414:, 410:, 406:, 402:, 398:, 394:, 390:, 247:. 217:. 171:. 62:A 54:, 4304:e 4297:t 4290:v 4245:. 4233:: 4210:. 4132:. 3978:. 3942:. 3821:. 3745:" 3665:. 3639:. 3475:. 3341:. 3307:. 3215:. 3130:. 3116:. 3064:. 3013:) 3009:( 2979:. 2960:. 2941:. 2922:. 2903:) 2889:. 2870:. 2851:. 2832:) 2818:. 2799:. 1402:. 1391:. 1384:. 1377:. 1370:. 1363:. 1332:. 1322:. 1315:. 1308:. 1301:. 1294:. 1283:. 1276:. 1262:. 1190:. 1172:. 829:) 824:( 507:( 500:⌗ 370:( 359:( 298:. 101:( 20:)

Index

Stave Church

Borgund Stave Church
LĂŚrdal

Heddal Stave Church
Notodden
medieval
Christian
church building
north-western Europe
post and lintel
timber framing
ore-pine
Old Norse
Norwegian
post church
palisade church
Hedared stave church
one Norwegian stave church
Karpacz
Karkonosze
Greensted Church

palisade
Viking Age
Logs
post in ground
Lund
postholes

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