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churches, and the nine largest were all in Sunnmøre with Hjørundfjord, Volda and
Norddal of over 280 m. This is three times larger than, for example, Urnes and Hopperstad. According to Dietrichson, the large size of the stave churches in Sunnmøre were partly a result of later expansions. He estimated the cross arms of Volda Stave Church at 7.3 Ă 6 meters. Hjørundfjord Stave Church was a "half-cross church" with only one cross arm measuring 7.9 Ă 9.1 meters. The first stave church had cross arms of 7.9 Ă 6.7 meters after expansion. Dietrichson was unsure whether the cross arms in the Møre churches were generally added in the lath construction or whether it was a medieval stave construction. He concluded that several were originally listed as cruciform churches in stakes, including Hareid, Volda, Vatne and Ărsta. For some other churches (Bremsnes and Kornstad on Nordmøre), contemporary sources say that the cross arms were later added to the lumber. According to HĂĽkon Christie, these churches of the Mør type had a simpler construction and were both larger and longer than the other types. Roar Hauglid estimated that most (80â90%) of the medieval Norwegian stave churches were simple single-nave buildings (Type A) and most were relatively small. Hauglid called these "the ordinary Norwegian stave church".
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temples in design and was possibly designed in order to adhere to old Norse cosmological beliefs, especially as some churches were built around a central point like a world tree. Stave churches were also often located near or in the sight of large natural formations which also had a significant role in Norse
Paganism, thus also suggesting a form of continuity through placement and symbolism. Furthermore, dragons' heads and other clear mythological symbolism suggests the cultural blending of Norse mythological beliefs and Christianity in a non-contradictory synthesis. Owing to this evidence newer research has suggested that Christianity was introduced into Norway much earlier than was previously assumed.
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806:, the consecration of the church was valid as long as the four corner posts were standing. One of the sermons in the old homily book is known as the "stave church sermon". The sermon dates from around 1100 and was presumably performed at consecrations, or on their anniversaries. The sermon text is a theological interpretation of the building elements in the church. It names most of the building elements in the stave church, and can be a source of terminology and technique. For instance, the sermon says: "The four corner posts of the church are a symbol for the four gospels, because their teachings are the strongest supports within the whole of Christianity."
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3720:'death' metal and make a shop where all the trend people know that they will find all the trend music. This will help us earning money so that we can order more EVIL records to the evil people. But no matter how shitty music we have to sell, we'll make a BLACK METAL look on the shop, we've had a couple of 'actions' in churches lately, and the shop is going to look like a black church in the future. We've also thought about having total darkness inside, so that people would have to carry torches to be able to see the records.
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in several of the stave churches are thought to originate from such early pillar churches, in particular at the Urnes stave church in Luster, where many building parts with wooden sheds in the urn style must have belonged to an older church. It has now been proven that the reused building parts originally belonged to the current church's forerunner, dendrochronologically dated to the period 1070â1080. However, this was not a post church, but a real stave church where corner poles and wall planks stood on sleepers.
1069:. Dietrichson believed that the stave churches were closely connected to the hof and the "hof theory" attracted interest in the 1930s and 1940s. The theory assumed that the hofs had a square, raised roof supported by four columns. During Christianization of Norway local chiefs were forced to either dismantle the hofs or to convert hofs into churches. Bugge and Norberg-Schultz accordingly claimed that "there is no reason to believe that the last hofs and the first churches had any major differences" ("
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1073:"). This assumption has been rejected by archeological evidence several times, in the case of Iceland by Ă
ge Roussel. Olaf Olsen described the hof merely as function related to ordinary buildings on major farms. If the hof was a particular building they remain to be identified, according to Olsen. Olsen rejected the hof theory. Nicolay Nicolaysen also concluded that there is not a single known case of a hof that was converted to a church.
1427:"Exposing the timber frame on the interior and/or exterior of the structures is seen to release its matrix of timber members and its capacity to contribute architectural expression to buildings. The matrix, forming âlinesâ in space, has an expressive potential that includes the capacity to delineate proportion, direct eye-movement, suggest spatial enclosure, create patterning, permit transparency and establish continuity with landscape."
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represents
Christianity. in reference to Joh. 15.5: "I am the vine, you are the branches." Hohler opposes this interpretation. She believes that the portals cannot have a religious content, but is a picture of the client's or builder's intention, a ruling motif. There are many portals in Europe that are pure ornaments. She refers to Bernhard of Clairvaux, who opposed the use of animals in the Christian context.
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1596:, a collection of allegories about animals with Christian interpretations, which are said to have originated in Alexandria in the 2nd century. This basic text was in Greek, and throughout the Middle Ages the text was translated into a number of languages. These stories are also the background for all the bestiaries that are preserved in various libraries and collections. The sources of the
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storm, avalanche and decay were other reasons. In 1650 there were about 270 stave churches left in Norway, and in the next hundred years 136 of these disappeared. There were still 95 stave churches in 1800, while over 200 former stave churches were still known by name or in written sources. From 1850 to 1885, 32 stave churches disappeared; since then only the
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excavated pillars fell out of use. Røldal Stave Church may have had some pillars set in the ground until 1913. In Lom Stave Church, the stone foundations have been laid approximately directly over the refilled postholes. Apart from different foundation methods, Jensenius believes that the pillar churches were essentially similar to stave churches.
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fishermen's villages on islands and minor villages along fjords. By about 1800, 322 stave churches were still known in Norway, most of them in sparsely populated areas. If the main church was masonry, the annex church could be a stave church. Masonry churches were mostly built in towns, along the coast, and in rich agricultural areas in
986:, there is one stone church with a motif depicting a dragon similar to those often seen on Norwegian stave churches and on surviving artifacts from Denmark and Gotland. Whether this decoration can be attributed to cultural similarities or whether it indicates similar construction methods in Germany has sparked controversy.
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What justification do the beasts of the monastery have for the formless treasure of form and the formless formlessness? What do pictures there have to do with unclean monkeys, wild lions, amazing centaurs and half-humans? Why serve tigers, fighting knights, hunters who blow their horns? There you see
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Um einskildmenn byggjer kyrkje, anten lendmann gjer det eller bonde, eller kven det er som byggjer kyrkje, skal han halda henne i stand og inkje øyda tufti. Men um kyrkja brotnar og hyrnestavane fell, dü skal han føra timber pü tufti innan tolv münadar; um det ikkje kjem, skal han bøta tre merker for
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The oldest technique is often called palisade work and was a self-supporting wall construction with densely placed earthen pillars or planks, which enclosed a room and at the same time carried the roof. Later, split logs were used, which gave the walls a flat inside, and the edges could be leveled or
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Lack of historical evidence for hofs as buildings undermines the hof theory. Nicolaysen also introduced the community centre hypothesis which argued that hofs were destroyed and churches constructed on the same convenient location for the local community. Location near a previous hof would then be a
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extended. The technique was developed as early as the 11th century, but it has only been proven in the forerunner of the current stave church. This was also a real stave church, since both the corner stakes and the tiles have stood on sleepers that were reused as foundations for the existing church.
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Many of the earliest churches in Norway were built using this technique, but no such buildings have survived. It is an open question whether limited life was the reason why they were replaced by real stave churches with sleepers, or whether there were other reasons. Some of the older materials found
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To prevent early decay, the posts or planks were tarred, and the lower ends were charred by burning. The palisade rows were often placed in ditches filled with stone. It was long thought that this technique disappeared before the turn of the last millennium, but new research shows that it was in use
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The word "stave church" is unknown in Old Norse, presumably because there were no other types of wooden churches. When Norway's churches after the
Reformation were constructed from logs, there was a need for a separate term for the older churches. In written sources from the Middle Ages, there is a
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Norwegian stave churches older than the 1100s are known only from written sources or from archaeological excavations, but written sources are sparse and difficult to interpret. Only 271 masonry churches were constructed in Norway during the same period, of which 160 still exist, while in Sweden and
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Well, the original idea was to make a specialist shop for metal in general, but that's a long time ago. Normal metal isn't very popular any more, all the children are listening to 'death' metal now. I'd rather be selling Judas Priest than Napalm Death, but at least now we can be specialized within
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Hoftun believes that many of the so-called pagan portal motifs have a clear
Christian message, believing that in principle the Norwegian stave church motifs do not differ from many of the motifs found in other Romanesque church art, such as on Romanesque church portals and stone baptismal fonts in
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Basic geometrical figures, numbers that were easy to work with, one or just a few length units and simple ratios, and perhaps proportions, were among the theoretical aids all builders inherited. The specialist was the man who knew a particular type of building so well that he could systematise its
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and eastern Norway, as well as in the larger parishes in fjord districts in western Norway. No new churches were built in Norway during the 1400s and 1500s. Norway's stave churches largely disappeared until 1700 and were replaced by log buildings. Several stave churches were redesigned or enlarged
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By lifting the pole planks up from the ground and placing them on sleepers clamped between more powerful corner or intermediate posts, the risk of rot damage was reduced. Thinner materials could then be used in the complementary parts of the construction. Earthen piles of coarse round timber could
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as a background for animal depictions in portals on
Gotland. These stone churches were often built after the stave churches in the same places had become too small. Unfortunately, most of the wooden churches have disappeared, so it is not possible to study the decor. But it is not unreasonable to
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The beam (or magnificent) portal consists of two portal planks and a top piece with continuous decoration. The upper part has two to five horizontal planks that are folded into each other with tongue and groove. This is supported by the standing wall planks that flank the doorway. 75 more or less
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Even though the wooden churches had structural differences, they give a recognizable general impression. Formal differences may hide common features of their planning, while apparently similar buildings may turn out to have their structural elements organized completely differently. Despite this,
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does it or a farmer, or whoever builds a church, shall keep the church and the plot in good condition. But if the church breaks down and corner posts fall, then he shall bring timber to the plot before twelve months; if not, he will pay three marks in punishment to the bishop and bring timber and
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was converted into a cruciform church partly in log construction. According to
Dietrichson, most stave churches were dismantled to make room for a new church, partly because the old church had become too small for the congregation, and partly because the stave church was in poor condition. Fire,
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In Norway, stave churches were gradually replaced; many survived until the 19th century when a substantial number were destroyed. Today, 28 historical stave churches remain standing in Norway. Stave churches were particularly common in less populated areas in high valleys and forest land, and in
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law rules about "corner posts" show that the stave church was the standard church building in Norway, even though the
Catholic church preferred stone. All wooden churches in Norway before the reformation were constructed with staves. Log building is younger than stave building in Norway, and was
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An important problem in dating the churches is that the solid ground sills are the construction elements most likely to have the outer parts of the log still preserved. Yet they are the most susceptible to humidity, and as people back then reused building parts, the church may have been rebuilt
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Common features of most portals are that they are monumental and that they have fighting dragons, which may be symbolic of magic to avert pain. Bugge believes that this may be a pagan iconography in
Christian interpretation. In the Sogn-Valdres portals the lion is replaced by a vine, which also
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Stave churches sometimes appear to have built upon or used materials from old pagan worship sites and are considered to be the best evidence for the existence of Norse Pagan temples and the best guide as to what they looked like. The layout of the churches is believed to have mimicked old Pagan
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with standing timber in load-bearing structures, only the churches in the last developed method of construction, the stave, have been left standing in our time. By lifting the entire structure up on stone foundations and placing the poles on sleepers, the life of the structure was significantly
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Postholes, often with remnants of the former pillars, have been found under or near several stave churches and in places where legends say that there must have been churches. Remains of approximately 25 pillar buildings have been identified in Norway, and indirect traces of 7â8 more. Remains of
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HĂĽkon
Christie assumed that the post construction fell out of use because the posts rotted from below. Jørgen H. Jensenius believes that archaeological material does not provide unequivocal support for Christie's hypothesis; a change in size or transition to a stone church may also explain why
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This form of a church can also be recognized from the holes which remain from earlier earth-bound post churches built on the same sites. Little is known about what these older churches actually looked like or how they were constructed, as they were all destroyed or replaced many centuries ago.
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believed that the stave churches were originally small and only later built with larger dimensions. He believed that the background for this was the construction technique. He points out that the youngest churches in the Mør type are the largest. He calculated the ground plan and area for 79
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Most stave churches are in Norway, but they can also be found in Iceland, Sweden, Denmark, and Germany. Stave churches are quite popular phenomenon and several have been built or rebuilt around the world. The two most copied are Borgund and Hedared, with some variations, and sometimes with
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While church fires of wooden churches in Norway are relatively common, due to wood's flammable nature, from 1992 to 1995, the number rose dramatically. Between 1992 and 1996, there were at least 50 attacks on Christian churches in Norway, some of which were Stave churches. Members of the
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Most portals show dragons, "lions" and vines that do not refer to specific biblical or other Christian stories. One of the exceptions is the Christian motifs found on the west portal from the torn Hemsedal stave church, which shows St. Olav's martyrdom and status as a Christlike saint.
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under a head several bodies, and there you see on a four-legged body a snake's tail, there on a fish an animal head â Everywhere there is such a rich and fantastic collection of different shapes that one directs one's eyes to the sculptures rather than the content of the holy books.
1037:.") Nicolaysen further claimed that the layout and design may have been inspired by Byzantine architecture. Nicolaysen wrote: "All facts suggest that the stave churches like the masonry churches and all medieval architecture in Western Europe originated from the Roman basilica." ("
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methods such as radiocarbon dating and dendrochronology can provide a more exact date. One drawback of dendrochronology is that it tends to overlook the possibility that the wood could have been reused from an older structure, or felled and left for many years before use.
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The column portal is derived from stone architecture. It has full or half columns that carry a curved archivolt. The columns have bases and chapters. They are richly decorated and were used both on front doors and inside cross-sections. About 40 such portals are known.
1608:. No early Greek text has survived; the oldest preserved are in Latin, but these must be very close to the Greek original. Gradually, it became common to illustrate the texts, but there is a leap in development, and a number of texts with illustrations have been lost.
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The next design phase resulted from the observation that earthbound posts were susceptible to humidity, causing them to rot away over time. To prevent this, the posts were placed on top of large stones, significantly increasing their lifespans. The stave church in
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to reuse pre-Christian temples, but this had little relevance for Norway according to Nicolaysen. Jan Brendalsmo in his dissertation concluded that churches were often established on major farms or farms of local chiefs and close to feasting halls or graveyards.
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The poor condition of the stave churches led the National Heritage Board to start the Stave Churches Program in 2001. The program was to create positive ripple effects in the form of greater local activity with traditional ways of using materials and resources.
198:, leaving only the posts earth-bound. Such churches are easy to spot at archaeological sites as they leave very distinct holes where the posts were once placed. Occasionally some of the wood remains, making it possible to date the church more accurately using
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A research problem has been the portal's iconography. As for the Urnes style portals, the idea that it should have a pagan content is rejected. The large animal has been interpreted as a lion. The lion can represent Christ who fights with and wins over evil.
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does not reject the basilica theory, but suggests development along two paths and that the basilical was a development towards larger and technically more sophisticated churches. The main, progressive path according to Nordhagen lead to Torpo and Borgund.
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258:âł with semicircular indentations, clasping the row of posts from both sides. Cross-braces are inserted between the posts and the upper and lower pincer beams (or above the single pincer beam), forming a very rigid interconnection, and resembling the
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334:) with a groove on the bottom, holding the top ends of the wall planks. The whole structure consists of frames – a sill frame resting on the stone foundation, and the four wall frames made up of sills, corner posts and wall plate.
1152:. Those convicted for church burnings showed no remorse and described their actions as a symbolic "retaliation" against Christianity in Norway. Vikernes would come to be seen as "the perpetrator of a few and inspiration for many of the fires".
374:), has a single central post reaching all the way up to and connected to the roof construction. But the roof is a simple hipped one, without the raised central part of the Type B churches. This variation on the common type of church, found in
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where they intersect. The ends of these beams support the sills of the outer walls, forming a separate horizontal frame. The tall internal posts are placed on the internal frame of ground beams, and carry the main roof above the central nave
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Other researchers believe that the portals are inspired by English art. The background may be manuscripts and stone sculpture. Some of these manuscripts are animal books with a Christian allegorical content, often referred to as
1032:(1854). Nicolaysen wrote: "Our stave churches are now the only remaining of its kind, and according to the sparse records and known circumstances, it appears that nothing similar existed except perhaps in Britain and Ireland." ("
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Many stave churches had or still have outer galleries or ambulatories around their whole perimeters, loosely connected to the plank walls. These probably served to protect the church from a harsh climate, and for processions.
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Vore stavkirker er nu de eneste i sit slags, og saavidt sparsomme beretninger og andre omstĂŚndigheder lader formode, synes de heller ikke tidligere at have havt noget sidestykke med undtagelse af maaske i Storbritannien og
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It is now common to group the churches into two categories: the first, without free-standing posts, often referred to as Type A; and the second, with a raised roof and free-standing internal posts, usually called Type B.
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Results from studies with the photodendrome method published in 2019 have come with adjusted estimates for age of the timber used. The churches at Urnes, Kaupanger and Hopperstad were examined particularly thoroughly.
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The Expressive Capacity of the Timber Frame by Brit Andresen. School of Geography, Planning and Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Physical Sciences and Architecture, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Stave churches were once common in northern Europe. In Norway alone, it was thought about 1000 were built; recent research has increased this estimate and it is now believed there may have been closer to 2000.
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introduced in residential buildings around year 1000. Stave building is not influenced by the log technique. Only 29 stave churches have survived in Norway. Most of these were built between 1150 and 1350.
3350:ĂgĂşstsson, HĂśrdur 1976: "Kyrkjehus i ei norrøn homilie". By og Bygd, vol. XXV, 1â38; according to Jørgen H. Jensenius "Stavkirkeprekenen som bygningshistorisk kilde" I: Fortidsminneforeningens ĂĽrbok, 2001.
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assume that they have had the same decor as Norwegian stave churches, and that these motifs may then have been continued in the stone portals. Background and origin would then be approximately the same.
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At the base of Type A churches, there are four heavy sill beams on a low foundation of stones. These are interconnected in the corner notch, forming a rigid sill frame. The corner posts or staves (
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Alt synes at henpege paa, at forbilledet til vore stavkirker ligesom til stenkirkerne og overhovedet til hele den vesteuropĂŚiske arkitektur i middelalderen er udgaaet fra den romerske basilika.
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The wall plates support the roof trusses, consisting of a pair of principal rafters and an additional pair of intersecting "scissor rafters". For lateral bracing, additional wooden brackets (
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construction) and given a roof. This proved a simple but very strong form of construction. If set in gravel, the wall could last many decades, even centuries. An archaeological excavation in
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Grindbygde hus i Vest-Norge. NIKU-seminar om grindbygde hus, Bryggens museum 23.-25.03 1998. Edited by Helge Schjelderup and Ola Storsletten. Oslo: Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning.
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Portals or parts of the portals from about 140 stave churches have been preserved. There are roughly three portal types: the simple profile portal, the column portal and the beam portal.
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363:), has a rectangular plan with nave and choir of the same width. The nave will usually take up two-thirds of the whole length. This type was common at the end of the 13th century.
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Most of the preserved material comes from Sogn-Hardanger and from the mountain villages in eastern Norway. The main part of the portals is Romanesque and lacks Gothic features.
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complete portals of this type have been preserved. In some beam portals, the column motif is also incorporated together with the surface decorations, with or without archivolt.
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It is possible that the portals may have been painted, but this has been difficult to determine with certainty. The paint on the few that are painted today seems to be newer.
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basilicas. The style was assumed to be transferred via Anglo-Saxon and Irish architecture, where only the particular roof construction was local. Dietrichson emphasized the
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in England. This led to this church being for a long time considered the oldest wooden structure in Europe. A common dating of the church was about the year 845, but modern
866:, and this discovery was an important contribution to understanding the origin of stave churches. Postholes were first identified during excavations in Urnes stave church.
859:(Christiania, 1834). The book also printed Flintoe's drawings of the facade, the ground floor and the floor plan â the first known architectural drawing of a stave church.
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are an older type, although the difference between the two is slight. A stave church has a lower construction set on a frame, whereas a post church has earth-bound posts.
897:, traces of post churches have been found at several locations, and there are also parts still in existence from some of them. A plank of one such church was found in
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The simple profile portal is a doorway framed by simple profiles or pilasters. These portals are mostly used on cord doors. About 20 such doors have been preserved.
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Note: Several sections of this article have been translated from its Norwegian version. For complete detailed references in Norwegian, see the original version at
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1632:. Often historical records or inscriptions will point to a year when the church is known to have existed. Archaeological excavations can yield finds that provide
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Every piece is locked into position by other pieces, making for a very rigid construction; yet all points otherwise susceptible to the harsh weather are covered.
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266:. This design made it possible to omit the freestanding lower part of intermediate posts. In some churches only the four corner posts remain (for example in
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The number of stave churches constructed in Iceland and the rest of Europe is unknown. Some believe they were the first type of church to be constructed in
120:
Originally much more widespread, most of the surviving stave churches are in Norway. The only remaining medieval stave churches outside Norway are those of
1561:
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Note that Roar Hauglid is a prolific author and the listed title is just one of several. Other books by him include: Norwegische Stabkirchen, Oslo 1970,
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De norske stavkirker: studier over deres system, oprindelse og historiske udvikling : et bidrag til Norges middelalderske bygningskunsts historie.
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Replica stave churches have been built in several American communities, mostly in the Upper Midwest, with Norwegian or Islandic immigrant populations.
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Stave churches can be dated in various ways: by historical records or inscriptions, by stylistic means using construction details or ornaments, or by
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is known to survive, has been claimed to be the oldest wooden church in the world, and probably the oldest wooden building in Europe still standing.
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1012:("The Norwegian Stave Churches") (1892) claimed that the stave church is "a brilliant translation of the Romanesque basilica from stone to wood" ("
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330:) fit. The last wall plank is wedge-shaped and rammed into place. When the wall is filled in with planks, the frame is completed by a wall plate (
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Kvernes Stave Church, 1633, previously believed to be from the Middle Ages, is the only known stave church in Norway built after the Reformation.
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In later churches the posts were set on a raised sill frame resting on stone foundations. This is the stave church in its most mature form.
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She therefore believes that animal motifs in Romanesque art have little religious significance, and the portals can be pure ruler symbols.
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Between 1950 and 1970, postholes from older buildings were discovered under Lom stave church as well as under masonry churches such as
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Stone as a base for poles was used as early as Roman times and additional walls in sleepers may have been used from the 400s and 600s.
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county, Sweden, built in the 12th century, torn down in the 19th century, rebuilt in the 1950s, burnt down, and rebuilt again in 2001.
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971:. General consensus categorizes it as Saxon Type A. Another church bears similarities to stave churches, the medieval stone church of
534:), and also connected to the outer walls with aisle rafters, creating a laterally rigid construction. Closer to the top of the posts (
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adaptations to add elements from known stave churches from the area. In other places they are of a freer form and built for display.
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The results of the program with the details of what has been done at the individual churches was documented in a report in 2008.
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795:(wall boards). However, in documents from the 1600â1700s, "stave" was also used for wall boards or panels. Emil Eckhoff in his
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visited Denmark in the first half of the 11th century, but how many of those were stave churches or post churches is unknown.
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Jensenius, Jørgen H. (2010): Bygningstekniske og arkeologiske bemerkninger om trekirker i Norge i vikingtid og middelalder.
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in Norwegian) are cross-cut at the lower end and fit over the corner notches and cover them, protecting them from moisture.
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has a square nave and a narrower square choir. This type of stave church was common at the beginning of the 12th century.
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stand for a relatively long time before rotting. They may have been scorched at the lower end to avoid premature decay.
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210:, remains of two such churches have been found, with Christian graves discovered beneath the oldest church structure.
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are thought to be largely responsible; in every arson case that was solved, those responsible were black metal fans.
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1140:("ashes") is a photograph of the destroyed church. On 16 May 1994, Vikernes was found guilty for burning down the
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elements in a slightly different way from previous building designs, thus carrying developments a stage further.
1201:â Varg Vikernes and Faust were convicted for this; Euronymous also participated, but was murdered in August 1993.
1049:. Peter Anker believed that the influence from foreign masonry architecture was primarily in decorative details.
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2649:
1691:
to supplement the documentation of the stave churches as a basis for research and reconstruction of lost parts.
1522:
1212:
813:(Gulating Law), which was written down in the 1000s. In the chapter on Christianity, the 12th article states:
3618:
649:
dating estimates the church's year of construction to the period just after the year 1053 (+10 / â55 years).
4612:
4470:
4385:
4375:
4288:
2437:
2425:
2061:
2029:
1472:
1145:
1082:
561:
423:
3990:
4562:
4515:
4440:
4435:
4390:
4355:
4215:
Williams, Thomas J. T. (May 2012). "A Blaze in the Northern Sky: Black Metal and Crimes Against Culture".
2717:
2667:
2519:
2513:
2451:
2397:
2237:
2221:
2077:
1965:
1901:
1025:
553:
442:
427:
391:
240:
236:
235:
Those with the raised roof, Type B, are often further divided into two subgroups. The first of these, the
222:
144:
in England, exhibits many similarities with a stave church but is generally considered a palisade church.
4450:
4335:
4330:
4192:
2997:
2543:
2345:
2335:
2269:
1885:
1869:
1645:
several times. If so, a dendrochronological dating may be based upon a log from a later reconstruction.
1553:
1059:
Folklore and circumstantial evidence seem to suggest that stave churches were built upon old indigenous
840:
641:
The only structure in this technique that has survived into our time is a wall in the middle section of
407:
395:
3807:
2756:
2621:
1234:
239:, have a whole arcade row of posts and intermediate posts along the sides and details that mimic stone
4510:
4490:
4425:
4395:
4380:
4360:
4325:
3574:
2661:
2627:
2590:
2497:
2457:
2431:
2325:
2189:
2093:
2045:
1853:
1600:
are Indian, Hebrew and Egyptian animal stories and various classical texts written by, among others,
1176:
1123:
1107:
1103:
925:
845:
595:
587:
575:
438:
251:
125:
78:
36:
4106:
4520:
4430:
4420:
4415:
4365:
4187:
3743:
2685:
2645:
2557:
2503:
2491:
2485:
2413:
2205:
2173:
2157:
1997:
1230:
1194:
1149:
1141:
1052:
1005:
724:
646:
599:
489:
Gol Stave Church. The drawing is slightly erroneous, as the sill under the church floor is missing.
411:
403:
51:
2401:
928:
was constructed c. 1500 at the same location as a previous stave church. Other notable places are
4500:
4460:
4455:
4445:
4400:
4370:
4340:
4238:
2894:
2823:
2712:
2613:
2563:
2549:
2533:
2463:
2419:
2407:
2359:
2301:
2285:
2253:
2109:
2013:
1981:
1917:
1629:
1017:
937:
929:
591:
583:
557:
431:
415:
399:
311:
267:
255:
214:
207:
199:
180:
106:
2391:
910:
1071:
og da er det liten grunn til ü tro at de siste hov har skilt seg synderlig fra de første kirker
4485:
4410:
4350:
4201:
4162:
3582:
3489:
3468:
3334:
3300:
3241:
3107:
3028:
2970:
2951:
2932:
2913:
2880:
2861:
2842:
2809:
2790:
2580:
2475:
2387:
2141:
1949:
1165:
419:
387:
295:
129:
74:
917:. Marks created by several old post churches have also been found at the old stone church in
4495:
4405:
4345:
4230:
4226:
3623:
2681:
2596:
2469:
2369:
2329:
2125:
1933:
1625:
1287:
964:
863:
852:
642:
579:
565:
203:
141:
1411:
3010:
2600:
1637:
1633:
1605:
963:
origin, with much debate as to whether it is a stave church or predates them. This is the
851:
Heddal stave church was the first stave church described in a scholarly publication, when
771:
620:
254:. In these churches the posts are connected halfway up with one or two horizontal double âł
114:
82:
3414:
3101:
2702:. Its design is based on the Borgund Stave Church, and was built between 1983 and 1995.
2635:
1443:
1183:
1078:
1060:
949:
663:
176:
172:
86:
2989:
1179:
in Bergen â Varg Vikernes is strongly suspected as the culprit, but was not convicted.
4606:
4579:
4242:
3964:
3928:
2804:
Lindgren, Mereth; Lydberg, Louise; Sandstrøm, Birgitta; Waklberg, Anna Greta (2002).
2479:
1395:
1127:
976:
4275:
625:
4234:
3383:
2750:
2731:
1388:
1273:
1046:
1042:
1016:"). Dietrichson claimed that Type B displays an influence from early Christian and
960:
109:). Two related church building types also named for their structural elements, the
71:
3706:
3061:
835:
744:
736:
716:
326:
On top of the sill beam is a groove into which the lower ends of the wall planks (
152:
47:
3429:
Christie, Hükon: Urnes stavkirkes forløper belyst ved utgravninger under kirken,
519:) surrounding the central space. The roof thus slopes down in two steps, as in a
4586:
3579:
Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe : Early Scandinavian and Celtic Religions
2761:
2617:
2527:
2373:
1592:
1280:
1065:
890:
879:
875:
701:
676:
pillar churches are also found under stone churches such as MĂŚre and Kinsarvik.
658:
634:
fitted with tongue and groove. Palisade churches have not been found in Norway.
191:
110:
67:
3486:
Norsk arkitekturhistorie: frĂĽ steinalder og bronsealder til det 21. hundreĂĽret.
1098:
692:
32:
3774:
Aites, Aaron (director, producer); Ewell, Audrey (director, producer) (2009).
1715:
Borgund Stave Church, Martinus Rørbye, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, København, 1833
1656:
Hoppestad Stave Church dendrodated to 1131â1132, previously assumed 1125â1250.
1587:
1374:
1255:
1216:
1021:
906:
379:
195:
168:
137:
160:
Archaeological excavations have shown that stave churches are descended from
2699:
2523:
1601:
1241:
1187:
1136:
503:
259:
98:
17:
3652:"3 JANUARY 2018J.A. CAMERON Black metal church burnings: a historical view"
3046:
1447:
Drawing by G. A. Bull of the main portal in Hedal stave church, from c.1853
1305:
1205:
752:
40:
4003:
3808:"How the black metal scene in Norway led to the arson of over 50 churches"
3076:
De første kirkene i Norge. Kirkebyggingen og kirkebyggere før 1100-tallet.
1685:
to restore the stave churches so that they can be preserved for posterity,
546:) support the roof trusses, similar to those of the single-nave churches.
3597:
Reed, Michael F. "Norwegian Stave Churches and Their Pagan Antecedents."
2445:
2353:
2349:
2339:
1471:
It is common to divide the portals according to style to Urnes style and
1420:
certain basic principles must have been common to all types of building.
1381:
1360:
1319:
1312:
1298:
1291:
933:
909:
and an attempt at reconstructing the church is a featured display at the
818:
775:
520:
263:
244:
184:
175:
were split in two halves, set or rammed into the earth (generally called
161:
90:
55:
3991:
http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/ocs/index.php/AASA/2007/paper/viewFile/54/7
2664:, Norway, built c. 1150, destroyed by arson in 1992 and rebuilt in 1997.
2929:
Kristningsprosessens og herskermaktens ikonografi i nordisk middelalder
2675:
2671:
2639:
2631:
2363:
1648:
Coin finds made under the church floors are also important for dating.
1399:
1336:
1223:
983:
956:
941:
918:
898:
894:
375:
213:
A single church of palisade construction has been discovered under the
133:
3333:
Oslo: Program for forskning om kulturminnevern, Norges forskningsrĂĽd.
1659:
Kaupanger Stave Church dated to 1137â1138, formerly adopted 1170â1200.
2988:. Faculty of Theology, University of Oslo, curriculum. Archived from
2741:
2584:
2553:
2507:
2441:
1367:
1329:
1259:
1169:
1131:
945:
914:
886:
799:(1914â1916) also included wood-frame church buildings without posts.
3840:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3284:
Norwegian Stave Churches: A Guide to the29 Remaining Stave Churches
156:
Drawing during reconstruction of Gol stave church by T. Prytz, 1883
3789:
3787:
2746:
2567:
2537:
1442:
1434:
1410:
1343:
1097:
996:
968:
751:
743:
735:
715:
691:
662:
624:
151:
46:
31:
4280:
1704:
Old and modern photos of the most iconic Norwegian stave churches
827:
det til biskopen og koma med timber og byggja opp kyrkja likevel.
167:
Similar palisade constructions are known from buildings from the
4193:
Lords of Chaos: The Bloody Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground
2593:, Sweden, c. 1500, built on the site of an earlier stave church.
2381:
1198:
1014:
En genial oversettelse fra sten til tre av den romanske basilika
4284:
770:
Denmark there were 900 and 1800 masonry churches respectively.
538:), shorter sills inserted between them support the upper wall (
164:
constructions and from later churches with earth-bound posts.
4256:
2910:
Stabkirchen â und die mittelalterliche Gesellschaft Norwegens
1665:
Borgund Stave Church 1180â1181, previously assumed 1150â1250.
1387:
3 September: attempted burning of VĂĽgsbygd church college in
1126:, which was burnt to the ground in June 1992. Police believe
437:
The only remaining church of this type outside Norway is the
2678:, Norway, rebuilt in 1630 (two old churches rebuilt as one).
4266:
Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments
1567:
The slaying of Regin, engravings from Hylestad Stave Church
1028:. The "basilica theory" was introduced by N. Nicolaysen in
839:
using different techniques during 1600â1700; for instance,
3869:
Ledang, Martin (director); Aasdal, PĂĽl (director) (2007).
3431:
Foreningen til norske Fortidsminnesmerkers bevaring, Ă
rbok
1819:
List of archaeological sites and dismantled stave churches
511:). On the outer frame of sills rest the main wall planks (
2652:, United States, a replica of Borgund Stave Church, 1969.
2552:, Sogn og Fjordane â first half of the 12th century (on
4144:
Stavkirkeprogrammet 2001â2015. Hva har skjedd sĂĽ langt?
3262:
Med kleber og kalk. Norsk steinbygging i mellomalderen.
1662:
Gol Stave Church 1204â05, previously assumed 1170â1309.
140:
mountains of Poland. One other church, the Anglo-Saxon
4002:
The west portal in Hemsedal Stave Church is preserved
2950:. Vol. 1â2. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press.
2658:, United States, relocated to Orkdal, Norway, in 2016.
1155:
The following is a partial list of the church arsons:
1791:
Vang Stave Church (Now in Poland) on a postcard, 1886
889:, the stave churches were considered obsolete in the
3543:
Avhandling dr.ing. , Arkitekthøyskolen i Oslo, 2001.
2460:, Møre og Romsdal â second half of the 14th century.
1349:
26 December: attempted burning of Klemestrud Church.
1244:â a firefighter was killed while fighting this fire.
441:
church in Sweden, which shows similarities with the
81:. The name derives from the building's structure of
4555:
4529:
4478:
4318:
3161:
Avhandling dr.ing., Arkitekthøyskolen i Oslo, 2001.
2753:â an open-air museum of Russian wooden architecture
1219:â Varg Vikernes and Samoth were convicted for this.
4547:archaeological sites and dismantled stave churches
2912:(in German). KĂśln: Verlag der Buchhandlung KĂśnig.
2688:, United States, Hopperstad replica built in 1998.
2314:Map of well-preserved old stave churches in Norway
1380:21 July: attempted burning of a church college in
4257:Stave Church â Medieval Wooden Churches in Norway
3892:
3844:
3793:
3758:
3731:
3062:"British Archaeology, no 10, December 1995: News"
1540:Lion on arch decoration from Borgund Stave Church
515:), carrying the roof over the pentice or aisles (
494:On the stone foundation, four huge ground beams (
43:, is one of Norway's most visited stave churches.
3769:
3767:
2877:Stavkirkene â og det norske middelaldersamfunnet
2546:, Sogn og Fjordane â middle of the 12th century.
1739:Heddal Stave Church. Illustration from the book
857:Samlinger til det Norske Folks Sprog og Historie
502:sign, their ends protruding 1â2 meters from the
3318:Stolper og staver i bygningsteknisk sammenheng.
1571:
1552:Sigurd sucking the dragon blood off his thumb,
1328:13 August: attempted burning of Loop Chapel in
948:alone there were around 300 such churches when
932:in Lund, with its traces of a post church with
815:
638:right up to the beginning of the 12th century.
465:HĂĽkon Christie drawing of Borgund Stave Church.
3873:(motion picture). Another World Entertainment.
3095:
3093:
2837:Bugge, Gunnar; Mezzanotte, Bernardino (1993).
2500:, Oppland â first quarter of the 13th century.
1516:Lion from the portal of Eidsborg Stave Church.
1240:25 December: burning of a Methodist church in
1134:was responsible, and the cover of Burzum's EP
802:According to Norway's oldest written laws and
720:Side view of Stedje Stave Church by G. A. Bull
4296:
4126:"Eit lite hol avslørte ein stor hemmelegheit"
3201:"Verdifulle stavkirker : Riksantikvaren"
2965:LagerlĂśf, Erland; SvahnstrĂśm, Gunnar (1991).
2789:(in Norwegian). Oslo: J.W. Cappelens forlag.
2526:â first half of the 13th century (could be a
2510:, Buskerud â second half of the 12th century.
1311:19 June: attempted burning of Heni Church in
1297:17 May: attempted burning of Ă
modt Chapel in
8:
2488:, Oppland â second half of the 12th century.
2410:, Oppland â second half of the 12th century.
1325:21 July: attempted burning of Odda's Church.
1254:7 February: burning of Lundby New Church in
1030:MindesmĂŚrker af Middelalderens Kunst i Norge
3923:
3921:
2416:, Telemark â beginning of the 13th century.
477:G. A. Bull drawing of Borgund Stave Church.
4303:
4289:
4281:
4124:Aksnes, Solveig Nyhus (11 December 2019).
3959:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3691:(motion picture). Norway: Grude, Torstein.
3613:
3611:
2899:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2841:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Grøndahl og Dreyer.
2828:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3619:"Norwegian Church Draws Black Metal Fans"
3362:Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1971, p. 102.
2608:Notable replicas and later built churches
1823:List of later stave churches and replicas
243:. These churches give an impression of a
4107:"Stavkirker i Norge er eldre enn antatt"
3856:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3484:Nordhagen, Per Jonas, "Stavkyrkjene" in
3331:Takverk i steinkirker fra middelalderen.
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
2986:"Dei norske stavkyrkjene â ei innføring"
1504:Lion on the door, Historisk museum, Oslo
1041:") This theory was further developed by
979:. It features a number of dragon heads.
3581:. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
3505:Bugge og Norgberg-Schultz, 1994, s. 35.
3053:
3035:and Norwegian stave churches, Oslo 1970
1702:
1494:
1279:27 March: burning of SeegĂĽrd Church in
756:Arch decoration from Urnes Stave Church
452:
281:
4271:Google map of Norwegian stave churches
3465:Stavkirkene: deres egenart og historie
3006:
2995:
2892:
2821:
2787:Stavkirkene: Deres egenart og historie
2738:Painted Churches in the TroĂśdos Region
1415:Portal detail from Tønjum Stave Church
1077:coincidence, according to Nicolaysen.
3459:
3457:
3282:Havran, Jiri (trans. Challman, Tim).
3256:
3254:
2969:(in Swedish). Kristianstad: R&S.
2740:â wooden-roofed medieval churches in
2599:, England, 845 or 1053, the only one
1688:to preserve the decor and church art,
1554:engravings from Hylestad Stave Church
1122:The first church burned was Norway's
901:. The plank is now on display at the
809:Church building was mentioned in the
117:, are often called 'stave churches'.
7:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3078:Masteroppgave, Universitetet i Oslo.
2378:Norwegian Museum of Cultural History
542:). On top of the posts wall plates (
530:) are interconnected with brackets (
341:) are inserted between the rafters.
58:, the largest stave church in Norway
3687:Grude, Torstein (director) (1998).
3297:En arv i tre: de norske stavkirkene
3203:. Riksantikvaren.no. Archived from
2778:Directorate for Cultural Heritage,
1366:25 May: burning of SĂĽner Church in
1304:4 June: burning of Frogn Church in
817:If one man builds a church, either
748:The portal from FĂĽberg Stave Church
4592:Medieval Scandinavian architecture
4276:List over stave churches in Norway
3273:Bugge and Mezzanotte, 1994, p. 17.
2723:Medieval Scandinavian architecture
2448:â second half of the 12th century.
2394:â second half of the 15th century.
2022:
1373:14 June: burning of Moe Church in
1359:13 May: burning of Lord Church in
1342:22 December: attempted burning of
1335:10 December: attempted burning of
294:HoltĂĽlen Stave Church, drawing by
132:relocated in 1842 to contemporary
25:
4542:later stave churches and replicas
4196:(Revised and expanded ed.).
3780:(motion picture). Variance Films.
3631:from the original on 30 July 2020
3565:. Bergen: Universitetet i Bergen.
2070:
1958:
1439:Main portal in Hedal stave church
1272:13 March: burning of a church in
959:, there is one similar church of
449:Church with a raised roof, Type B
4575:Black metal-related church arson
4469:
2948:Norwegian Stave Church Sculpture
2946:Hohler, Erla Bergendahl (1999).
2293:
2277:
2262:
2261:
2245:
2229:
2213:
2197:
2181:
2165:
2149:
2133:
2117:
2101:
2085:
2069:
2053:
2037:
2021:
2005:
1989:
1973:
1957:
1941:
1925:
1909:
1893:
1878:
1877:
1862:
1861:
1845:
1838:
1815:List of stave churches in Norway
1796:
1784:
1772:
1767:Eidsborg Stave Church, 1880â1890
1760:
1748:
1732:
1720:
1708:
1560:
1545:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1497:
482:
470:
458:
386:Single-nave churches in Norway:
310:Reinli Stave Church, drawing by
303:
287:
225:is believed to be of this type.
27:Wooden Christian church building
3518:, Stenberger 1943, side 215â223
2182:
2086:
2054:
1846:
1681:The goals of the program were:
1528:Lion from the Vang Stave Church
1318:7 July: burning of a church in
1001:Details of Borgund Stave Church
740:Jelling church stone in Denmark
4235:10.1179/1465518712Z.0000000006
4161:. Canterbury Press Ltd, 2005.
4159:The Church Explorer's Handbook
3806:Smith, Peter (22 April 2019).
3703:"Ăystein 'Euronymous' Aarseth"
3403:. Oslo: Samlaget, 1975, s. 14.
3238:Middelalder i tre, Stavkirker,
2860:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Dreyer.
2230:
2214:
2198:
2166:
1990:
1894:
1233:in Bergen â Varg Vikernes and
194:, the walls were supported by
1:
3893:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003
3845:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003
3794:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003
3759:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003
3732:Moynihan & Søderlind 2003
3599:RACAR: Revue D'art Canadienne
3539:Jensenius, Jørgen H. (2001):
3157:Jensenius, Jørgen H. (2001):
2931:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Solum.
2734:churches of similar character
2342:â middle of the 13th century.
2294:
2278:
2246:
2102:
2006:
1974:
1910:
1741:Norge fremstillet i Tegninger
1590:. The origin of these is the
1286:16 May: attempted burning of
1164:23 May: attempted burning of
3969:Den norske kirke, KirkerĂĽdet
3933:Den norske kirke, KirkerĂĽdet
3286:. ARFO. ISBN 97882-91399-355
2879:(in Norwegian). Copenhagen.
2808:(in Swedish). Kristianstad.
2728:Wooden Churches of MaramureČ
2516:, Møre og Romsdal â c. 1200.
2134:
2038:
1942:
3993:. Retrieved 2 November 2013
3705:. June 1992. Archived from
3541:Trekirkene før stavkirkene.
3159:Trekirkene før stavkirkene.
3021:, Oslo 1973, multipart work
2692:Washington Island Stavkirke
2150:
2118:
1926:
1779:Eidsborg Stave Church, 2018
1636:for the structure, whereas
1407:Architecture and decoration
1117:Norwegian black metal scene
4649:
3871:Once Upon a Time in Norway
3650:Cameron, James Alexander.
3563:Fire kirkesteder i Romsdal
3561:Hansen, Margareth (2014).
2454:, Sogn og Fjordane â 1190.
2428:, Sogn og Fjordane â 1140.
2332:â end of the 12th century.
1812:
1727:Borgund Stave Church, 2005
1094:Church arsons and attempts
903:National Museum of Denmark
822:rebuild the church anyway.
783:clear distinction between
656:
618:
278:Single-nave church, Type A
250:The other subgroup is the
187:of several such churches.
130:one Norwegian stave church
4633:Scandinavian architecture
4506:Gustav Adolf Stave Church
4467:
4198:Port Townsend, Washington
3433:1958, vol. 113, pp. 49â74
3329:Storsletten, Ola (1993).
3295:Storsletten, Ola (1993).
3190:Hauglid, 1976, s.339â344.
3074:Magnell, Steinar (2009):
2984:Elstad, Hallgeir (2002).
2767:Black metal church arsons
1755:Heddal Stave Church, 2010
1211:13 September: burning of
924:In Sweden, the medieval
804:Old Norwegian Homily Book
526:The tall internal posts (
4537:stave churches in Norway
3777:Until the Light Takes Us
3747:'Count' Regrets Nothing"
3451:Dietrichson (1892) p, 83
3442:Dietrichson (1892) p. 82
3260:Ekroll, Ăystein (1997):
3248:(Kirker i Norge; bind 4)
3181:Kristiania: Cammermeyer.
3177:Dietrichson, L. (1892).
3103:Stavkirkene â arkitektur
2927:Hoftun, Oddgeir (2008).
2908:Hoftun, Oddgeir (2003).
2875:Hoftun, Oddgeir (2002).
2656:Little Norway, Wisconsin
2650:Rapid City, South Dakota
1611:Lindkvist refers to the
1237:were convicted for this.
1229:24 December: burning of
1204:1 September: burning of
936:, and some old parts of
454:Plans of Type B churches
283:Plans of Type A churches
85:construction, a type of
4376:Hopperstad Stave Church
4142:Riksantikvaren (2008):
3656:Stained Glass Attitudes
3360:Gammelnorsk homiliebok.
3100:HĂĽkon Christie (1981).
2583:, moved from Norway to
2426:Hopperstad Stave Church
1803:Vang Stave Church, 2012
1394:3 November: burning of
1083:Augustine of Canterbury
610:Construction techniques
382:, dates to around 1200.
89:where the load-bearing
4628:Architecture in Norway
4623:Timber-framed churches
4563:Architecture of Norway
4479:Other notable churches
4391:Kaupanger Stave Church
4356:Haltdalen Stave Church
4319:Old Norwegian churches
4004:History Museum in Oslo
3605:24, no. 2 (1997): 3â13
3413:Bugge, Anders (1954).
3401:Gamle kyrkjer i ny tid
3005:Cite journal requires
2856:Bugge, Gunnar (1981).
2718:Architecture of Norway
2452:Kaupanger Stave Church
2398:Haltdalen Stave Church
1809:List of stave churches
1673:Stave Churches Program
1576:
1448:
1440:
1416:
1222:3 October: burning of
1193:21 August: burning of
1111:
1081:encouraged (year 601)
1002:
893:and were replaced. In
831:
757:
749:
741:
721:
700:Of buildings from the
697:
668:
630:
157:
59:
44:
4451:Undredal Stave Church
4336:Flesberg Stave Church
4331:Eidsborg Stave Church
3965:"Startside kirken.no"
3929:"Startside kirken.no"
3575:Davidson, H. R. Ellis
3488:Oslo: Samlaget 2003,
3316:GjĂŚrder, Per (1999).
3087:Krogh 2011 s. 166â170
2785:Anker, Peter (1997).
2544:Undredal Stave Church
2346:Flesberg Stave Church
2336:Eidsborg Stave Church
1446:
1438:
1414:
1182:1 August: burning of
1101:
1000:
841:Flesberg Stave Church
755:
747:
739:
719:
695:
666:
628:
155:
50:
35:
4511:Fantoft Stave Church
4491:Hedared stave church
4426:Ringebu Stave Church
4396:Kvernes Stave Church
4386:Høyjord Stave Church
4361:Hedalen Stave Church
4326:Borgund Stave Church
4262:Stave churches owned
4147:(in Norwegian) (pdf)
3883:Kristiansen, p. 261.
3388:Norsk trearkitektur.
3374:Oslo: Samlaget. 1952
3106:. pp. 139â252.
2992:on 11 November 2005.
2806:Svensk Konsthistoria
2662:Fantoft Stave Church
2628:Heimaey stave church
2591:Hedared stave church
2498:Ringebu Stave Church
2458:Kvernes Stave Church
2438:Høyjord Stave Church
2326:Borgund Stave Church
2311:class=notpageimage|
1582:Sweden and Denmark.
1177:Fantoft stave church
1124:Fantoft Stave Church
1104:Fantoft Stave Church
1010:De norske Stavkirker
926:Hedared stave church
846:Fantoft Stave Church
498:) are placed like a
126:Hedared stave church
79:north-western Europe
37:Borgund Stave Church
4618:Church architecture
4521:Chapel in the Hills
4516:FĂĽvang Stave Church
4441:Røldal Stave Church
4436:Rødven Stave Church
4431:Rollag Stave Church
4421:Reinli Stave Church
4366:Heddal Stave Church
3709:on 9 September 2009
3603:Canadian Art Review
3463:Peter Anker (1997)
3299:. Oslo: Aschehoug.
3148:Krogh 2011 s. 74â98
3139:Christie 1974 s. 15
3128:Collegium Medievale
2858:Stavkirkene i Norge
2686:Moorhead, Minnesota
2668:FĂĽvang Stave Church
2646:Chapel in the Hills
2558:World Heritage Site
2520:Røldal Stave Church
2514:Rødven Stave Church
2504:Rollag Stave Church
2492:Reinli Stave Church
2414:Heddal Stave Church
2384:), Buskerud â 1212.
1195:Holmenkollen Chapel
1175:6 June: burning of
1142:Holmenkollen Chapel
1063:worship sites, the
1053:Per Jonas Nordhagen
1006:Lorentz Dietrichson
973:St. Mary in Kilpeck
725:Lorentz Dietrichson
647:dendrochronological
550:The Kaupanger group
443:church at Haltdalen
52:Heddal Stave Church
4501:Skaga stave church
4461:Uvdal Stave Church
4456:Urnes Stave Church
4446:Torpo Stave Church
4401:Lomen Stave Church
4371:Hegge Stave Church
4341:Garmo Stave Church
4218:Public Archaeology
4113:. 31 October 2019.
3529:Hørg, hov og kirke
3467:. Oslo: Cappelen.
3240:ARFO forlag 2005,
2757:Churches of ChiloĂŠ
2713:Churches in Norway
2614:Skaga stave church
2570:, Buskerud â 1168.
2564:Uvdal Stave Church
2550:Urnes Stave Church
2540:, Buskerud â 1192.
2534:Torpo Stave Church
2482:, Buskerud â 1167.
2464:Lomen Stave Church
2420:Hegge Stave Church
2408:Hedal Stave Church
2360:Garmo Stave Church
1832:Old stave churches
1630:radiocarbon dating
1620:Dating of churches
1449:
1441:
1417:
1235:Jørn Inge Tunsberg
1130:of the metal band
1112:
1003:
938:Hemse stave church
930:Maria Minor church
855:wrote an essay in
797:Svenska stavkyrkor
758:
750:
742:
722:
698:
669:
667:The post technique
653:The post technique
631:
368:center-post church
350:single-nave church
312:Georg Andreas Bull
268:Lomen Stave Church
215:Hemse stave church
208:Urnes Stave Church
200:radiocarbon dating
158:
60:
45:
4600:
4599:
4486:Vang Stave Church
4411:Nore Stave Church
4381:Høre Stave Church
4351:Grip Stave Church
4188:Søderlind, Didrik
4184:Moynihan, Michael
4071:Hoftun 2002; 2008
4014:Hoftun 2002; 2008
3627:. 5 August 2004.
3419:. Oslo: Grøndahl.
3019:Norske Stavkirker
2976:978-91-29-61598-2
2957:978-82-00-12748-2
2938:978-82-560-1619-8
2919:978-3-88375-675-2
2886:978-87-21-01977-8
2867:978-82-09-01890-3
2848:978-82-504-2072-4
2815:978-91-85330-72-0
2796:978-82-02-15978-8
2696:Washington Island
2581:Vang Stave Church
2494:, Oppland â 1190.
2476:Nore Stave Church
2472:, Oppland â 1158.
2466:, Oppland â 1179.
2434:, Oppland â 1179.
2432:Høre Stave Church
2422:, Oppland â 1216.
2388:Grip Stave Church
1166:Storetveit Church
572:The Borgund group
93:posts are called
16:(Redirected from
4640:
4580:by Varg Vikernes
4496:Greensted Church
4473:
4416:Ăye Stave Church
4406:Lom Stave Church
4346:Gol Stave Church
4305:
4298:
4291:
4282:
4246:
4227:Maney Publishing
4211:
4170:
4157:Frewins, Clive.
4155:
4149:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4057:
4051:
4045:
4039:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3961:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3925:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3782:
3781:
3771:
3762:
3756:
3750:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3684:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3624:Blabbermouth.net
3615:
3606:
3595:
3589:
3572:
3566:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3544:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3519:
3516:Islands gudehove
3512:
3506:
3503:
3497:
3482:
3476:
3461:
3452:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3434:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3416:Heddal stavkirke
3410:
3404:
3397:
3391:
3390:Oslo: Gyldendal.
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3342:
3327:
3321:
3314:
3308:
3293:
3287:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3265:
3258:
3249:
3234:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3207:on 21 April 2008
3197:
3191:
3188:
3182:
3175:
3162:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3131:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3097:
3088:
3085:
3079:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3014:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2993:
2980:
2961:
2942:
2923:
2904:
2898:
2890:
2871:
2852:
2833:
2827:
2819:
2800:
2682:Hjemkomst Center
2642:, built in 2000.
2597:Greensted Church
2486:Ăye Stave Church
2470:Lom Stave Church
2370:Gol Stave Church
2330:Sogn og Fjordane
2297:
2296:
2281:
2280:
2265:
2264:
2249:
2248:
2233:
2232:
2217:
2216:
2201:
2200:
2185:
2184:
2169:
2168:
2153:
2152:
2137:
2136:
2121:
2120:
2105:
2104:
2089:
2088:
2073:
2072:
2057:
2056:
2041:
2040:
2025:
2024:
2009:
2008:
1993:
1992:
1977:
1976:
1961:
1960:
1945:
1944:
1929:
1928:
1913:
1912:
1897:
1896:
1881:
1880:
1865:
1864:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1800:
1788:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1736:
1724:
1712:
1626:dendrochronology
1564:
1549:
1537:
1525:
1513:
1501:
1473:Romanesque style
1288:Gol stave church
965:Greensted Church
864:Kinsarvik Church
853:Johannes Flintoe
643:Greensted Church
501:
486:
474:
462:
307:
291:
204:dendrochronology
142:Greensted Church
21:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4551:
4525:
4474:
4465:
4314:
4309:
4253:
4214:
4208:
4200:: Feral House.
4182:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4156:
4152:
4141:
4137:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4092:
4088:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4054:
4046:
4042:
4034:
4030:
4022:
4018:
4013:
4009:
4001:
3997:
3987:
3983:
3973:
3971:
3963:
3962:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3927:
3926:
3899:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3855:
3851:
3843:
3826:
3816:
3814:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3792:
3785:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3757:
3753:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3730:
3726:
3712:
3710:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3689:Satan rir Media
3686:
3685:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3617:
3616:
3609:
3596:
3592:
3573:
3569:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3538:
3534:
3526:
3522:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3483:
3479:
3462:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3428:
3424:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3398:
3394:
3382:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3328:
3324:
3315:
3311:
3294:
3290:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3268:
3264:Oslo: Samlaget.
3259:
3252:
3235:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3176:
3165:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3073:
3069:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3043:
3017:Hauglid, Roar,
3004:
2994:
2983:
2977:
2967:Gotlands Kyrkor
2964:
2958:
2945:
2939:
2926:
2920:
2907:
2891:
2887:
2874:
2868:
2855:
2849:
2836:
2820:
2816:
2803:
2797:
2784:
2775:
2773:Further reading
2709:
2622:Västra GÜtaland
2610:
2601:palisade church
2577:
2392:Møre og Romsdal
2322:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2266:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2250:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2090:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1962:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1930:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1850:
1834:
1825:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1792:
1789:
1780:
1777:
1768:
1765:
1756:
1753:
1744:
1737:
1728:
1725:
1716:
1713:
1701:
1675:
1638:absolute dating
1634:relative dating
1622:
1606:Pliny the Elder
1568:
1565:
1556:
1550:
1541:
1538:
1529:
1526:
1517:
1514:
1505:
1502:
1481:
1433:
1409:
1226:Church in Oslo.
1208:Church in Oslo.
1096:
995:
911:MoesgĂĽrd Museum
878:; however, the
872:
870:Other countries
848:has been lost.
823:
772:Frostathing Law
767:
734:
714:
690:
661:
655:
623:
621:Palisade church
617:
612:
499:
490:
487:
478:
475:
466:
463:
451:
315:
308:
299:
292:
280:
237:Kaupanger group
150:
115:palisade church
83:post and lintel
77:once common in
75:church building
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4646:
4644:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4613:Stave churches
4605:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4475:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4312:Stave churches
4310:
4308:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4259:
4252:
4251:External links
4249:
4248:
4247:
4212:
4206:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4150:
4135:
4116:
4098:
4094:Lindkvist 1997
4086:
4074:
4063:
4052:
4040:
4028:
4016:
4007:
3995:
3981:
3945:
3897:
3895:, p. 117.
3885:
3876:
3861:
3849:
3847:, p. 82f.
3824:
3798:
3783:
3763:
3751:
3736:
3734:, p. 106.
3724:
3694:
3668:
3642:
3607:
3590:
3567:
3554:
3552:Nordhagen 2003
3545:
3532:
3520:
3514:Aage Roussel,
3507:
3498:
3477:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3422:
3405:
3399:Muri, Sigurd:
3392:
3376:
3372:Gulatingslovi.
3364:
3352:
3343:
3322:
3309:
3288:
3275:
3266:
3250:
3218:
3192:
3183:
3163:
3150:
3141:
3132:
3119:
3112:
3089:
3080:
3067:
3052:
3051:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3007:|journal=
2981:
2975:
2962:
2956:
2943:
2937:
2924:
2918:
2905:
2885:
2872:
2866:
2853:
2847:
2834:
2814:
2801:
2795:
2782:
2780:Stave Churches
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2744:
2735:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2689:
2679:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2643:
2636:Vestmannaeyjar
2625:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2594:
2588:
2576:
2575:Outside Norway
2573:
2572:
2571:
2561:
2547:
2541:
2531:
2517:
2511:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
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2423:
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2411:
2405:
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2318:
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2252:
2251:
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2236:
2235:
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2227:
2220:
2219:
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2211:
2204:
2203:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2131:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2011:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1915:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1867:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1747:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1621:
1618:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1559:
1557:
1551:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1496:
1480:
1477:
1432:
1429:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1284:
1277:
1264:
1263:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1227:
1220:
1209:
1202:
1191:
1184:Revheim Church
1180:
1173:
1095:
1092:
1079:Pope Gregory I
1024:, arcades and
994:
991:
950:Adam of Bremen
871:
868:
811:Gulatingsloven
766:
763:
733:
730:
713:
710:
689:
686:
657:Main article:
654:
651:
619:Main article:
616:
613:
611:
608:
492:
491:
488:
481:
479:
476:
469:
467:
464:
457:
455:
450:
447:
384:
383:
372:Midtmastkyrkje
364:
353:
317:
316:
309:
302:
300:
296:HĂĽkon Christie
293:
286:
284:
279:
276:
183:uncovered the
177:post in ground
149:
146:
128:in Sweden and
87:timber framing
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4645:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4301:
4299:
4294:
4292:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4213:
4209:
4207:0-922915-94-6
4203:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4168:
4167:1-85311-622-X
4164:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4139:
4136:
4131:
4127:
4120:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4090:
4087:
4083:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4060:Paulsson 1969
4056:
4053:
4049:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4020:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3985:
3982:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3880:
3877:
3872:
3865:
3862:
3859:, p. 60.
3858:
3857:Williams 2012
3853:
3850:
3846:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3799:
3796:, p. 89.
3795:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3761:, p. 93.
3760:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3690:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3643:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3587:0-8156-2441-7
3584:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3494:82-521-5748-3
3491:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3384:Vreim, Halvor
3380:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3246:82-91399-16-6
3243:
3239:
3236:Anker, Leif:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3033:82-09-00938-9
3030:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
2999:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2888:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2732:Transylvanian
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2480:Nore og Uvdal
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2402:Sør-Trøndelag
2399:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2303:
2287:
2271:
2255:
2239:
2223:
2207:
2191:
2175:
2159:
2143:
2127:
2111:
2095:
2079:
2063:
2047:
2031:
2015:
1999:
1983:
1967:
1951:
1935:
1919:
1903:
1887:
1871:
1855:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1808:
1799:
1794:
1787:
1782:
1775:
1770:
1763:
1758:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1730:
1723:
1718:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1607:
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1599:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1512:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1396:Innset Church
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1213:Skjold Church
1210:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1146:Skjold Church
1143:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1128:Varg Vikernes
1125:
1120:
1118:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
999:
992:
990:
987:
985:
980:
978:
977:Herefordshire
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
881:
880:post churches
877:
869:
867:
865:
860:
858:
854:
849:
847:
842:
837:
830:
828:
820:
814:
812:
807:
805:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
780:
777:
773:
764:
762:
754:
746:
738:
731:
729:
726:
718:
711:
709:
706:
703:
694:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
665:
660:
652:
650:
648:
644:
639:
635:
629:Palisade work
627:
622:
615:Palisade work
614:
609:
607:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
574:consists of:
573:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
552:consists of:
551:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
497:
485:
480:
473:
468:
461:
456:
453:
448:
446:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
362:
358:
354:
351:
347:
346:
345:
342:
340:
335:
333:
329:
324:
322:
313:
306:
301:
297:
290:
285:
282:
277:
275:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:Borgund group
248:
246:
242:
238:
233:
229:
226:
224:
218:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
192:post churches
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
165:
163:
154:
147:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
57:
53:
49:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
4311:
4222:
4216:
4191:
4158:
4153:
4143:
4138:
4129:
4119:
4110:
4101:
4093:
4089:
4081:
4077:
4070:
4066:
4059:
4055:
4047:
4043:
4035:
4031:
4023:
4019:
4010:
3998:
3984:
3972:. Retrieved
3968:
3936:. Retrieved
3932:
3888:
3879:
3870:
3864:
3852:
3815:. Retrieved
3811:
3801:
3775:
3754:
3749:. Burzum.org
3739:
3727:
3718:
3711:. Retrieved
3707:the original
3697:
3688:
3659:. Retrieved
3655:
3645:
3633:. Retrieved
3622:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3557:
3548:
3540:
3535:
3528:
3527:Olaf Olsen,
3523:
3515:
3510:
3501:
3496:, pp. 89â119
3485:
3480:
3464:
3447:
3438:
3430:
3425:
3415:
3408:
3400:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3371:
3367:
3359:
3355:
3346:
3330:
3325:
3317:
3312:
3296:
3291:
3283:
3278:
3269:
3261:
3237:
3209:. Retrieved
3205:the original
3195:
3186:
3178:
3158:
3153:
3144:
3135:
3127:
3122:
3102:
3083:
3075:
3070:
3056:
3047:no:Stavkirke
3044:
3026:
3018:
2998:cite journal
2990:the original
2966:
2947:
2928:
2909:
2876:
2857:
2838:
2805:
2786:
2779:
2751:Kizhi Pogost
2404:â 1170â1179.
1826:
1740:
1694:
1680:
1676:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1623:
1612:
1610:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1572:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1389:Kristiansand
1353:
1352:
1266:
1265:
1248:
1247:
1231:Ă
sane Church
1158:
1157:
1154:
1150:Ă
sane Church
1135:
1121:
1113:
1088:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1051:
1047:Roar Hauglid
1043:Anders Bugge
1038:
1033:
1029:
1013:
1009:
1008:in his book
1004:
988:
981:
954:
923:
884:
873:
861:
856:
850:
832:
825:
816:
810:
808:
801:
796:
792:
788:
787:(posts) and
784:
781:
768:
759:
723:
707:
699:
682:
678:
674:
670:
640:
636:
632:
604:
571:
570:
549:
548:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
525:
516:
512:
508:
496:grunnstokker
495:
493:
436:
385:
371:
367:
360:
356:
349:
343:
338:
336:
331:
327:
325:
320:
318:
272:
256:pincer beams
249:
234:
230:
227:
219:
212:
206:. Under the
189:
166:
159:
148:Construction
121:
119:
102:
94:
64:stave church
63:
61:
39:in Borgund,
29:
18:Stave Church
4587:Heathen hof
2762:Heathen hof
2528:post church
1613:Physiologus
1598:Physiologus
1593:Physiologus
1479:Iconography
1281:Snertingdal
891:Middle Ages
876:Scandinavia
702:Middle Ages
659:Post church
357:long church
314:, ca. 1855.
111:post church
4607:Categories
4568:Vernacular
4082:Anker 1997
4048:Anker 2005
4036:Anker 1997
4024:Anker 2005
3713:10 October
3635:13 October
3473:8202159784
3339:8212001040
3305:8203220061
3113:8205122644
3041:References
2839:Stavkirker
2366:â c. 1150.
2356:â c. 1200.
2030:Hopperstad
1813:See also:
1588:bestiaries
1375:Sandefjord
1256:Gothenburg
1217:Vindafjord
1022:clerestory
993:Influences
907:Copenhagen
696:Stave work
688:Stave work
562:Hopperstad
544:stavlĂŚgjer
380:Hallingdal
361:Langkyrkje
328:veggtilene
169:Viking Age
138:Karkonosze
105:in modern
4243:145058950
4229:: 59â72.
4190:(2003) .
4111:Gemini.no
3817:6 January
3661:6 January
2895:cite book
2824:cite book
2700:Wisconsin
2524:Hordaland
2078:Kaupanger
1966:Haltdalen
1602:Aristotle
1242:Sarpsborg
1188:Stavanger
934:palisades
836:Trøndelag
554:Kaupanger
513:veggtiler
504:lap joint
392:Haltdalen
332:stavlĂŚgje
264:basilicas
262:of stone
260:triforium
185:postholes
107:Norwegian
99:Old Norse
72:Christian
4169:. p. 16.
3974:18 March
3938:18 March
3629:Archived
3577:. 1988.
3386:(1947):
3211:30 April
2707:See also
2618:TĂśreboda
2587:in 1842.
2446:Vestfold
2376:(now at
2354:Buskerud
2350:Flesberg
2340:Telemark
2270:Undredal
1886:Flesberg
1870:Eidsborg
1382:Eidanger
1361:Telemark
1313:Gjerdrum
1299:Buskerud
1292:Buskerud
1110:in 1997.
1108:restored
1026:capitals
819:lendmann
776:Gulating
540:tilevegg
521:basilica
408:Eidsborg
396:Undredal
245:basilica
241:capitals
162:palisade
91:ore-pine
68:medieval
56:Notodden
4556:Related
4530:List of
4264:by the
4177:Sources
2676:Oppland
2672:Ringebu
2640:Iceland
2632:Heimaey
2364:Oppland
2190:Ringebu
2094:Kvernes
2062:Høyjord
1854:Borgund
1699:Gallery
1431:Portals
1400:Rennebu
1346:Church.
1339:Church.
1224:Hauketo
984:Germany
957:England
942:Gotland
919:Jelling
899:Jutland
895:Denmark
793:vĂŚgĂžili
732:History
596:Ringebu
576:Borgund
532:bueknĂŚr
439:Hedared
424:Høyjord
376:Numedal
339:bueknĂŚr
321:stavene
136:in the
134:Karpacz
70:wooden
4241:
4204:
4165:
4096:s. 105
4084:s. 267
4038:s. 265
3812:Mapped
3585:
3492:
3471:
3337:
3303:
3244:
3110:
3031:
2973:
2954:
2935:
2916:
2883:
2864:
2845:
2812:
2793:
2742:Cyprus
2585:Poland
2554:UNESCO
2508:Rollag
2442:Andebu
2320:Norway
2238:Røldal
2222:Rødven
2206:Rollag
2174:Reinli
1998:Heddal
1902:FĂĽvang
1821:, and
1743:, 1848
1368:Vestby
1330:Meldal
1306:Drøbak
1260:Sweden
1206:Ormøya
1170:Bergen
1148:, and
1132:Burzum
1035:Irland
915:Aarhus
887:Sweden
765:Norway
598:, and
564:, and
536:staver
528:staver
517:omgang
430:, and
428:Røldal
412:Rollag
404:Reinli
223:Røldal
41:LĂŚrdal
4239:S2CID
4225:(2).
4050:s. 62
2747:Kizhi
2568:Uvdal
2302:Uvdal
2286:Urnes
2254:Torpo
2110:Lomen
2014:Hegge
1982:Hedal
1918:Garmo
1344:Askim
1320:Jeløy
1061:Norse
1018:Roman
969:Essex
961:Saxon
946:SkĂĽne
944:. In
913:near
785:stafr
592:Lomen
584:Hegge
558:Urnes
432:Garmo
416:Uvdal
400:Hedal
196:sills
124:1500
122:circa
95:stafr
66:is a
4202:ISBN
4163:ISBN
4026:s.61
3976:2018
3940:2018
3819:2024
3715:2009
3663:2024
3637:2020
3583:ISBN
3490:ISBN
3469:ISBN
3335:ISBN
3301:ISBN
3242:ISBN
3213:2010
3108:ISBN
3029:ISBN
3011:help
2971:ISBN
2952:ISBN
2933:ISBN
2914:ISBN
2901:link
2881:ISBN
2862:ISBN
2843:ISBN
2830:link
2810:ISBN
2791:ISBN
2749:and
2382:Oslo
2142:Nore
2046:Høre
1950:Grip
1628:and
1604:and
1354:1995
1337:Ă
kra
1274:Sund
1267:1994
1249:1993
1199:Oslo
1159:1992
1137:Aske
1102:The
1045:and
789:Ăžili
774:and
712:Size
588:Høre
509:skip
420:Nore
388:Grip
378:and
366:The
355:The
348:The
181:Lund
173:Logs
113:and
103:stav
4231:doi
4130:NRK
2694:on
2684:in
2670:in
2648:in
2630:at
2616:in
2556:âs
2374:Gol
2372:in
2348:in
2158:Ăye
2126:Lom
1934:Gol
1398:in
1290:in
1215:in
1197:in
1186:in
1168:in
1066:hof
982:In
975:in
967:in
955:In
940:on
905:in
885:In
791:or
600:Ăye
580:Gol
566:Lom
270:).
202:or
190:In
97:in
4609::
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